Preparation process of pellet feed for suckling pigs

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation process of a granulated feed for suckling pigs. The granulated feed for suckling pigs comprises the following raw materials: 40-50% of corn, 15-20% of puffed corn, 20-25% of puffed broken rice, 10-14% of soybean meal, 0.3-0.5% of soybean oil, 0.8-1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5% of stone powder, 2-4% of fish meal and 1% of a vitamin and mineral premix. Comprising the following steps: S1, puffing broken rice; s2, puffing the corn; s3, crushing the corn; s4, proportioning according to the proportion; s5, performing mixing; s5, performing granulation; and S7, cooling and packaging. A unique raw material pretreatment technology and a scientific raw material matching proportion are adopted, the moisture content of the feed raw materials is ensured to be uniform, the growth speed and the survival rate of suckling pigs are remarkably improved, the dyspepsia phenomenon is reduced, and remarkable economic benefits are brought to farmers. Wide application prospects are realized. Through scientific and technological enforcement, the process not only improves the quality of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed production and processing, and particularly relates to a process for preparing a pellet feed for suckling pigs that is stable in quality and easily digestible. Background Art

[0002] For the first four to five weeks after birth, piglets rely primarily on sow's milk for their diet, hence the term "suckling pig." Suckling pig feed, also known as piglet feed or starter feed, is specifically designed for piglets before and after weaning. This feed plays a crucial role in the healthy growth of piglets. The quality of piglet feed directly impacts the overall growth and development of the piglets. Typically, around four weeks of age, sow milk production begins to taper off. During this period, piglet weight increases from approximately 1.25-1.5 kg at birth to approximately 30 kg at eight to nine weeks of age. Notably, the mortality rate for piglets from birth to weaning can reach as high as 20%. This high mortality rate is attributed to a variety of factors, including excessive litter size at farrowing, insufficient sow milk supply, stress, incomplete digestive organ development, and weakened immunity. Consequently, piglets' intestinal development is immature, making them susceptible to stress during weaning. This reduces the secretion of digestive enzymes, placing higher demands on feed quality.

[0003] Corn, one of the most common raw materials in the feed industry, faces significant price fluctuations due to raw material shortages and external market fluctuations. Pelleted feed, a low-pollution, high-efficiency, and high-conversion feed manufacturing technology, is widely used in various feed production processes. After puffing, the nutrient composition, microstructure, and physical and chemical properties of the feed raw materials change, thereby improving the digestibility and quality of the raw materials. However, when using this technology to process piglet pellet feed, there are still problems such as uneven moisture content in the raw materials or insufficient cooking temperature, resulting in a low feed puffing rate. Controlling starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and amino acid ratios through the puffing process is crucial. Raw material pretreatment, puffing equipment control methods, and parameter regulation are the main means to overcome this problem, enabling feed maturation to be completed in a short period of time through high temperature and high pressure, and are also the main research directions in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a process for preparing a pelleted feed for suckling pigs that is stable in quality, easy to digest and highly economical.

[0005] The specific technical solution is: a process for preparing suckling pig pellet feed, wherein the raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed include 40-50% corn, 15-20% puffed corn, 20-25% puffed broken rice, 10-14% soybean meal, 0.3-0.5% soybean oil, 0.8-1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 2-4% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix, and of course the sum of the weights of the above components is 100%.

[0006] The steps include: S1: Puffing of broken rice: the broken rice is crushed using a 2.0-2.5 mm sieve grinder, the modulation temperature is 70-85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 125°C; S2: Puffed corn, broken rice is crushed using a 2.5mm sieve grinder, the modulation temperature is 85℃, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 100℃; S3: Grind the corn to a size of >95% passing 30 mesh with a pore size of 1.0 mm; S4: After completing the above raw material pretreatment, the ingredients are mixed according to the proportion; S5: mixing puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, rock powder, fish meal, vitamin and mineral premix; S6: Granulating: Granulating the fully mixed puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and minerals; S7: Cool and pack.

[0007] The packaging standard is to ensure straightness, without any skipped stitches, with the seam length less than 5 cm and the seam length 3-4 cm from the bag opening. Ensure that the packaging product name, woven bag, and label are consistent; the label should be placed in the center of the bag, 5 cm from the bag opening, with the top aligned with the bag opening, and the seam length should be flat.

[0008] Compared to corn, broken rice has a higher nutritional digestibility and is produced in high domestic quantities, making it an ideal alternative and supplement to piglet feed. By optimizing the puffing process, broken rice not only improves the nutritional value of feed but also effectively reduces costs and enhances market competitiveness. Furthermore, precise control of puffing temperature and time ensures sufficient starch gelatinization and moderate protein denaturation, further improving feed digestibility and ensuring the healthy growth of piglets.

[0009] The feed raw materials processed by extrusion and puffing have higher digestible energy and metabolizable energy. The original structure of the feed is changed by the combined action of various forces during the processing. In the present invention, on the basis of reducing the amount of corn used, the energy density and palatability of the feed are effectively improved by adding puffed broken rice and puffed corn in a scientific ratio, ensuring that the nutritional needs of piglets at different growth stages are met, thereby achieving efficient breeding.

[0010] The starch particles in rice are smaller, the non-starch polysaccharide content is lower, and the ratio of amylose to amylopectin is also lower, which helps to improve the digestibility of starch; the ordered structure in the puffed starch granules is destroyed, which increases the sensitivity to α-amylase, and the tempering and extrusion processing technology can significantly improve the digestibility of lysine.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the broken rice is puffed using a twin-screw extruder, and the screw diameter of the extruder is 200 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the puffed corn is extruded using a twin-screw extruder, and the screw diameter of the extruder is 200 mm.

[0013] Since puffing involves a very complex process of starch gelatinization and protein denaturation, which involves physical and chemical changes, the differences in extrusion process and puffing machine structure will directly affect the quality of feed pellets after puffing.

[0014] A twin-screw extruder is so called because it has two screws placed side by side in the barrel. Co-rotating twin-screw extruders are widely used. After the material enters the feed port, it forms two C-shaped streams along the inner wall of the barrel, following the direction of the screw rotation. The left screw pulls the material into the meshing gap, while the right screw pulls it out of the gap, resulting in an "∞"-shaped flow of material. This mixes, homogenizes, and shears the material. Simultaneously, the heat generated by the barrel shell creates high temperature and high pressure, which matures the material before it is extruded out of the barrel. This process provides efficient and stable extrusion, ensuring a uniform distribution of nutrients in the feed and improving the digestibility and absorption rate of suckling pigs. By precisely controlling the parameters of each link, this process effectively solves the problems of nutrient loss and indigestion that are common in traditional feed preparation, significantly improving the economic and practical nature of the feed.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5, the capacity of the mixer is 1500 kg / P; the internal spraying time is 130 seconds for an internal spraying of less than 30 kg / batch, and 140 seconds for an internal spraying of more than 30 kg / batch.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S6, the granulation temperature is 80-85° C., the tempering time is ≥50 seconds, the ring die aperture is 2.5-2.8 mm, the ring die aspect ratio is (5-6):1; and the tempering pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S7, the particle length is 1.5 to 2.5 l / d, the maximum particle size is 3.2 mm, the powder content is ≤ 2.0%, and the particle hardness is 0.8 to 2.0 kg.

[0018] Furthermore, the raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed also include 0.5% salt and 0.5% glucose.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the quality of the puffed pellets depends largely on the structural design and processing conditions of the puffing machine, including the optimized combination of key parameters such as barrel temperature, feed moisture, feed composition (protein type, protein configuration, amino acid sequence), extruder type, and screw configuration. By precisely controlling these parameters, it is possible to ensure that starch is fully gelatinized, protein is moderately denatured, and amino acids are balanced, thereby improving the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed, effectively reducing weaning stress in piglets, and promoting healthy growth.

[0020] In addition, the present invention further optimizes the taste and palatability of the feed through the synergistic effect of adding puffed broken rice and puffed corn, enhances the appetite of suckling pigs, reduces feed waste, and achieves efficient feeding.

[0021] At the same time, the present invention also adopts unique raw material pretreatment technology and scientific raw material matching ratios to ensure the uniform moisture content of the feed raw materials, and further improves the puffing effect by optimizing the cooking temperature and time, so that the feed particles have a dense structure and a suitable taste, meeting the growth needs of suckling pigs. Through multiple experimental verifications, this process significantly improves the growth rate and survival rate of suckling pigs, reduces the phenomenon of indigestion, and brings significant economic benefits to farmers. At the same time, this technology is environmentally friendly and efficient, conforms to the concept of sustainable development of modern animal husbandry, and has broad application prospects. Through scientific and technological empowerment, this process not only improves the quality of feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a preparation process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the technical problems and technical solutions solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0024] A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed, wherein the raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed include 40% corn, 20% puffed corn, 25% puffed broken rice, 10% soybean meal, 0.5% soybean oil, 0.8% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 2.2% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix. The sum of the weights of the above components is 100%. The steps include: S1: Broken rice puffing: the broken rice is crushed using a 2.5 mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 70°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 125°C; the broken rice is puffed using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200 mm.

[0025] S2: Puffed corn: broken rice is crushed using a 2.5mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 100°C; the puffed corn is extruded using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200mm.

[0026] S3: Grind the corn to a size of >95% passing 30 mesh with a pore size of 1.0 mm; S4: After completing the above raw material pretreatment, the ingredients are mixed according to the proportion; S5: Mix puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and mineral premixes; mixer capacity 1500kg / P; internal spray oiling for less than 30kg / batch takes 130 seconds, and internal spray oiling for more than 30kg / batch takes 140 seconds.

[0027] S6: Granulation: Granulate the fully mixed puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and minerals; the granulation temperature is 85°C, the tempering time is ≥50 seconds, the ring die aperture is 2.8mm, the ring die aspect ratio is 5:1; the tempering pressure is 0.2Mpa. Example 2

[0028] A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed, wherein the raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed include 50% corn, 15% puffed corn, 20% puffed broken rice, 10% soybean meal, 0.4% soybean oil, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 1.9% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix; The steps include: S1: Broken rice puffing: the broken rice is crushed using a 2.0 mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 125°C; the broken rice is puffed using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200 mm.

[0029] S2: Puffed corn: broken rice is crushed using a 2.5mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 100°C; the puffed corn is extruded using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200mm.

[0030] S3: Grind the corn to a size of >95% passing 30 mesh with a pore size of 1.0 mm; S4: After completing the above raw material pretreatment, the ingredients are mixed according to the proportion; S5: Mix puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and mineral premixes; mixer capacity 1500kg / P; internal spray oiling for less than 30kg / batch takes 130 seconds, and internal spray oiling for more than 30kg / batch takes 140 seconds.

[0031] S6: Granulation: Granulate the fully mixed puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and minerals; the granulation temperature is 80°C, the tempering time is ≥50 seconds, the ring die aperture is 2.5mm, the ring die aspect ratio is 6:1; the tempering pressure is 0.5Mpa.

[0032] S7: Cooling and packaging. Pellet length 1.5-2.5 l / d, maximum particle size 3.2 mm, powder content ≤ 2.0%, particle hardness 0.8-2.0 kg. Example 3

[0033] A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed. The raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed include 40% corn, 19% puffed corn, 20% puffed broken rice, 14% soybean meal, 0.3% soybean oil, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 4% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix. Of course, the sum of the weights of the above components is 100%.

[0034] The steps include: S1: Broken rice puffing: the broken rice is crushed using a 2.2 mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 80°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 125°C; the broken rice is puffed using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200 mm.

[0035] S2: Puffed corn: broken rice is crushed using a 2.5mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 100°C; the puffed corn is extruded using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200mm.

[0036] S3: Grind the corn to a size of >95% passing 30 mesh with a pore size of 1.0 mm; S4: After completing the above raw material pretreatment, the ingredients are mixed according to the proportion; S5: Mix puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and mineral premixes; mixer capacity 1500kg / P; internal spray oiling for less than 30kg / batch takes 130 seconds, and internal spray oiling for more than 30kg / batch takes 140 seconds.

[0037] S6: Granulation: Granulate the fully mixed puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and minerals; the granulation temperature is 80~85℃, the tempering time is ≥50 seconds, the ring die aperture is 2.6mm, the ring die aspect ratio is 6:1; the tempering pressure is 0.4Mpa.

[0038] S7: Cooling and packaging. Pellet length 1.5-2.5 l / d, maximum particle size 3.2 mm, powder content ≤ 2.0%, particle hardness 0.8-2.0 kg. Example 4

[0039] The invention discloses a process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed. The raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed include 40% corn, 18% puffed corn, 20% puffed broken rice, 14% soybean meal, 0.3% soybean oil, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 4% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix, including 0.5% salt and 0.5% glucose.

[0040] The steps include: S1: Broken rice puffing: the broken rice is crushed using a 2.2 mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 80°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 125°C; the broken rice is puffed using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200 mm.

[0041] S2: Puffed corn: broken rice is crushed using a 2.5mm screen in a grinder, the modulation temperature is 85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 100°C; the puffed corn is extruded using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200mm.

[0042] S3: Grind the corn to a size of >95% passing 30 mesh with a pore size of 1.0 mm; S4: After completing the above raw material pretreatment, the ingredients are mixed according to the proportion; S5: Mix puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamin and mineral premix, salt, and glucose; the mixer capacity is 1500kg / P; the internal spray oiling time is 130 seconds for less than 30kg / batch, and 140 seconds for more than 30kg / batch.

[0043] S6: Granulation: Granulate the fully mixed puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and minerals; the granulation temperature is 80~85℃, the tempering time is ≥50 seconds, the ring die aperture is 2.6mm, the ring die aspect ratio is 6:1; the tempering pressure is 0.4Mpa.

[0044] S7: Cooling and packaging. Pellet length 1.5-2.5 l / d, maximum particle size 3.2 mm, powder content ≤ 2.0%, particle hardness 0.8-2.0 kg.

[0045] Comparative Example 1: The raw materials of suckling pig pellet feed include 76% corn, 16% soybean meal, 0.3% soybean oil, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 5% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix.

[0046] Comparative Example 2: The raw materials of suckling pig pellet feed include 52% corn, 25% puffed corn, 15% soybean meal, 0.3% soybean oil, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 5% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix.

[0047] Controlled trials: 400 28-day-old weaned piglets with an initial weight of 7 kg were fed with the piglet pellet feed of Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. The results showed that the feed of Example 3 was superior to the comparative examples in terms of piglet growth rate, feed conversion rate, and health status, verifying the effectiveness of the puffing process and formula optimization.

[0048] In Example 3, the average daily weight gain of piglets increased by approximately 10%, the feed conversion rate increased by 8%, and the diarrhea rate decreased by 15%, significantly improving overall economic benefits, demonstrating the broad application prospects of this formula and process. By further optimizing puffing parameters and raw material ratios, the present invention improves piglet growth performance while reducing production costs, providing a more efficient and economical feed solution for large-scale farming.

[0049] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing suckling pig pellet feed, characterized in that: The raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed include 40-50% corn, 15-20% puffed corn, 20-25% puffed broken rice, 10-14% soybean meal, 0.3-0.5% soybean oil, 0.8-1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% stone powder, 2-4% fish meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral premix. The steps include: S1: Puffing of broken rice: the broken rice is crushed using a 2.0-2.5 mm sieve grinder, the modulation temperature is 70-85°C, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 125°C; S2: Puffed corn, broken rice is crushed using a 2.5mm sieve grinder, the modulation temperature is 85℃, and the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is 100℃; S3: Grind the corn to a size of >95% passing 30 mesh with a pore size of 1.0 mm; S4: After completing the above raw material pretreatment, the ingredients are mixed according to the proportion; S5: mixing puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, rock powder, fish meal, vitamin and mineral premix; S6: Granulating: Granulating the fully mixed puffed corn, puffed broken rice, soybean meal, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, fish meal, vitamins and minerals; S7: Cool and pack.

2. A process for preparing suckling pig pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the broken rice is puffed using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200 mm.

3. A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the puffed corn is extruded using a twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 200 mm.

4. A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the capacity of the mixer is 1500 kg / P; the internal spraying time is 130 seconds for an oiling of 30 kg / batch or less, and 140 seconds for an internal spraying of 30 kg / batch or more.

5. A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the granulation temperature is 80-85° C., the tempering time is ≥50 seconds, the ring die aperture is 2.5-2.8 mm, the ring die aspect ratio is (5-6):1; and the tempering pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa.

6. A process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the particle length is 1.5 to 2.5 l / d, the maximum particle size is 3.2 mm, the powder content is ≤ 2.0%, and the particle hardness is 0.8 to 2.0 kg.

7. The process for preparing a suckling pig pellet feed according to claim 1, wherein: The raw materials of the suckling pig pellet feed also include 0.5% salt and 0.5% glucose.

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