Low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction and adsorption and regeneration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction and an adsorption and regeneration method. The device comprises a raw material hydrogen compression and purification unit X100, a low-temperature heat exchanger E100, a gas recuperator E200, a low-temperature adsorber A100A, a low-temperature adsorber A100B, an 80K cold box X200 and a plurality of control valves which are connected with one another, according to the scheme, purified hydrogen can be continuously and efficiently prepared, and the method has the advantages of being simple in technological operation, safe, reliable, free of nitrogen consumption, free of moving equipment and low in energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of low-temperature adsorption technology, and in particular to a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction and an adsorption and regeneration method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen has a small molecular weight and a low energy density per unit volume in its standard state. Gaseous hydrogen storage requires a large amount of high-pressure storage equipment, which is not conducive to transportation, use, and management. To better store hydrogen, it must be liquefied. Statistics show that the energy density of liquid hydrogen per unit volume is several times that of high-pressure hydrogen. Since hydrogen boils at -253°C, during the hydrogen liquefaction process, all component gases except helium become solids. Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon impurities solidify on the inner surfaces of pipes and valves. Solid oxygen can easily react with hydrogen, causing explosion risks and serious personal injury and property damage. Therefore, in temperatures above 80K, one or more low-temperature adsorbers must be installed in the hydrogen liquefaction unit to purify the raw hydrogen, ensuring the safe and stable operation of hydrogen liquefaction.

[0003] Currently, little research has been conducted on low-temperature adsorption processes in liquid hydrogen plants. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 102491272 B discloses a high-purity hydrogen purification process and apparatus. The adsorption bed is indirectly regenerated by heating the outer wall of the adsorber using a heat medium within a jacket, avoiding the risk of direct hydrogen contact and heating. However, the required jacket heating pipeline is cumbersome and, due to the structure of the equipment, is only suitable for processing small-scale gas volumes (≤3 tons / day). The system also lacks a recovery unit. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 113264506 A discloses a low-temperature hydrogen adsorber regeneration process for a hydrogen liquefaction plant. This low-temperature adsorption regeneration process uses heated nitrogen for regeneration and requires multiple replacement and evacuation steps with a vacuum pump. These steps consume large amounts of nitrogen and hydrogen, lack a recovery unit, and result in high operating costs. The process also suffers from high equipment failure rates, poor safety during the evacuation process, and the potential for oxygen inhalation due to poor sealing. Chinese patent publication number CN 114522508 B discloses a hydrogen adsorber regeneration system and method. This system utilizes nitrogen heating after depressurization for regeneration. The lack of a vacuum pump requires multiple hydrogen replacements, and the regeneration gas cannot be recovered, resulting in high operating costs. International patent US3104953 utilizes a closed, room-temperature hydrogen regeneration heating process. This closed hydrogen cycle carries the risk of oxygen concentration after desorption, and the regeneration flow path requires dynamic equipment such as a circulating compressor and vacuum pump. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction and an adsorption and regeneration method, which has the advantages of wide applicability, low energy consumption and high operability.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, a cryogenic adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction includes a raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100, a cryogenic heat exchanger E100, a gas recuperator E200, a cryogenic adsorber A100A, a cryogenic adsorber A100B, an 80K cold box X200, and a plurality of control valves that are interconnected; a raw hydrogen pipeline FH11 is connected to the inlet of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 on one side and to the outlet of a one-way valve VM11 on the other side; and the inlet of the one-way valve VM11 is connected to the outlet of the gas recuperator E200; The outlet pipeline FH12 of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is connected to the inlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 on one side and to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM12 on the other side. The outlet of the regulating control valve VM12 is connected to the vent pipeline; The outlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger E100. One line of the outlet pipeline FH13 of the low-temperature heat exchanger E100 is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM01A, another line is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM01B, and the third line is connected to the inlet of the charging pressure regulating control valve VM09; The outlet pipeline FH14 of the switch control valve VM01A is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100A on one line, and is connected to the switch control valve VM02A on the other line. The outlet pipeline FH15 of the low-temperature adsorber A100A is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM05A on one line, and is connected to the switch control valve VM04A on the other line. The outlet of the switch control valve VM05A goes to the downstream purified hydrogen pipeline FH19 on one line, is connected to the outlet of the switch control valve VM05B on another line, and the third line is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM13. The outlet pipeline FH16 of the switch control valve VM01B is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100B on one line, and is connected to the switch control valve VM02B on the other line.

[0006] Specifically, the outlet pipeline FH17 of the low-temperature adsorber A100B is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM05B on one side and to the switch control valve VM04B on the other side; the outlet of the switch control valve VM05B leads to the downstream purified hydrogen pipeline FH19 on one side, is connected to the outlet of the switch control valve VM05A on another side, and is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM13 on the third side; the medium-temperature hydrogen of the regeneration heating pipeline FH20 is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM06, and the outlet of the regulating control valve VM06 is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM04 on one side. A is connected to VM04B, another is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM03, the third is connected to the outlet of the regulating control valve VM10, the fourth is connected to the outlet of the regulating control valve VM13, the outlet of the regulating control valve VM03 is connected to the outlet of the regulating control valve VM08, another is connected to the inlet of the gas recuperator E200, the regenerated cold blow pipeline FH21 normal temperature hydrogen is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM10; the outlet of the regulating control valve VM09 of the precooling pipeline FH22 is connected to the switch control valve VM02A and the switch control valve VM02B.

[0007] Specifically, the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is equipped with one or more combinations of pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption and membrane separation processes.

[0008] Specifically, the low-temperature heat exchanger E100 includes a coil heat exchanger, a printed circuit board heat exchanger and a plate-fin heat exchanger, and the gas recuperator E200 includes a shell and tube heat exchanger, a water bath heat exchanger and an air-temperature heat exchanger.

[0009] Specifically, the low-temperature adsorber A100A and the low-temperature adsorber A100B are internally insulated structures, and are filled with one or more combinations of molecular sieves, activated carbon and silica gel.

[0010] Specifically, the low-temperature adsorber A100A, low-temperature adsorber A100B, low-temperature heat exchanger E100, switch control valve VM01A, switch control valve VM01B, switch control valve VM02A, switch control valve VM02B, switch control valve VM04A, switch control valve VM04B, switch control valve VM05A, switch control valve VM05B, regulating control valve VM09 and regulating control valve VM13 are all integrated in the 80K cold box X200.

[0011] Specifically, the outlet of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is also provided with an oxygen content analyzer AI01, an interlocked emergency shut-off valve VM07, and a regulating control valve VM12 for venting; the outlets of the low-temperature adsorber A100A and the low-temperature adsorber A100B are provided with an oxygen content analyzer AI02, an interlocked emergency shut-off switch control valve VM05A and an interlocked emergency shut-off switch control valve VM05B, an interlocked emergency venting switch control valve VM04A and an interlocked emergency venting switch control valve VM04B, and a regulating control valve VM03.

[0012] Specifically, it also includes a gas heater E300 that replaces the regulating control valve VM06; wherein, the medium-temperature hydrogen heating pipeline FH20 and the regulating control valve VM06 are cancelled, and a new gas heater E300 is added. Normal temperature hydrogen enters the gas heater E300 and is heated before flowing into the low-temperature adsorber A100A or the low-temperature adsorber A100B for regeneration heating treatment.

[0013] On the other hand, the adsorption and regeneration method based on the low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction includes the following steps: The raw hydrogen from the FH11 pipeline and the hydrogen from the regeneration flow line FH18 enter the compression purification unit X100 for pressurization to remove impurities. The gas from the FH12 pipeline enters the low-temperature adsorber A100A in the adsorption state to remove impurities and obtain purified hydrogen. The saturated low-temperature adsorber A100B enters the regeneration phase. The on-off control valve VM01B and on-off control valve VM05B are closed, and the on-off control valve VM02B and regulating control valve VM08 are opened to discharge the gas inside the equipment and release the pressure. The gas flows into the gas reheater E200 and, after reheating, enters the inlet of the compression purification unit X100 together with the raw hydrogen from the FH11 pipeline. After the pressure at the pressure relief pressure measuring point PI01B in the low-temperature adsorber A100B drops to normal pressure, open the regulating control valve VM06 and the switch control valve VM04B to introduce medium-temperature hydrogen into the low-temperature adsorber A100B for heating; After the temperature of the regeneration heating temperature measuring point TI01B of the low-temperature adsorber reaches the preset value, close the regulating control valve VM06 of the regeneration heating pipeline FH20, cut in the normal temperature hydrogen of the regeneration cold blowing pipeline FH21, open the regulating control valve VM10 to enter the low-temperature adsorber A100B for cold blowing, and after the temperature of the regeneration heating pre-cooling temperature measuring point TI01B of the low-temperature adsorber reaches the preset value, close the corresponding valves VM10 and VM08 of the cold blowing pipeline; Cut into the regeneration pre-cooling pipeline FH22, open the regulating control valve VM08 and regulating control valve VM13, and the low-temperature purified hydrogen enters the low-temperature adsorber A100B for pre-cooling, then enters the gas reheater E200 for heat exchange and temperature increase, and then flows into the raw hydrogen pipeline FH11; after the temperature of the low-temperature adsorber regeneration pre-cooling temperature measuring point TI01B reaches the predetermined value, close the regulating control valve VM08 and the on-off control valve VM04B of the regeneration pre-cooling pipeline FH22; Entering the regeneration and pressurization stage, the regulating control valve VM09 is opened. After the pressure of the pressure relief pressure measuring point PI01B reaches the predetermined value, the regulating control valve VM09 and the switch control valve VM02B are closed. At this point, the regeneration of the low-temperature adsorber A100B is completed and it is ready for use. Among them, the low-temperature hydrogen adsorption temperature is between -160~-196℃, the regeneration gas inlet temperature is between -20~80℃, and the regeneration gas outlet temperature is between -100℃ and room temperature; the low-temperature hydrogen adsorption pressure is between 1.3~15MPa, and the regeneration gas pressure is between 0~1.3MPa.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the low-temperature adsorption process of the present invention does not consume nitrogen and liquid nitrogen, and achieves high efficiency, continuous adsorption, and stable hydrogen purity; the low-temperature adsorption regeneration process does not require any moving equipment, and the process is simple, safe and reliable; extracting medium-temperature hydrogen as heating gas does not require consumption of a heat source, the overall operating cost is low, and it is easier to operate; heating and cold blowing gas do not require consumption of nitrogen, and all hydrogen in the system is recovered and reused, so the liquid hydrogen productivity is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction in another embodiment of the present invention; Among them, X100-compression purification unit, E100-low-temperature heat exchanger, E200-gas recuperator, E300-gas heater, A100A / B-low-temperature adsorber, X200-80K cold box, VM01A / B, VM02A / B, VM04A / B, VM05A / B, VM07-switch control valve, VM03, VM06, VM08, VM09, VM10, VM12, VM13-regulating control valve, VM11-check valve, FH11~FH19, FH20~FH22-fluid pipelines, AI01, AI02A / B -trace oxygen analyzer, PI01A / B-charging and relief pressure measuring point, TI01A / B-low-temperature adsorber regeneration heating and pre-cooling temperature measuring point, TI02A / B-low-temperature adsorber adsorption temperature measuring point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0019] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 , some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0020] The present invention proposes a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction, comprising: a raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100, a low-temperature heat exchanger E100, a gas recuperator E200, a low-temperature adsorber A100A / B, an 80K cold box X200, switch control valves VM01A / B, VM02A / B, VM04A / B, VM05A / B, VM07, regulating control valves VM03, VM06, VM08, VM09, VM10, VM12, VM13, a one-way valve VM11 and other equipment. The present invention also discloses an adsorption and regeneration method for the low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction, which is suitable for medium and large hydrogen liquefaction devices and is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction, comprising: Raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100, low-temperature heat exchanger E100, gas recuperator E200, low-temperature adsorber A100A / B, 80K cold box X200. The raw hydrogen pipeline FH11 is connected to the inlet of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 on one side and to the outlet of the one-way valve VM11 on the other side. The inlet of the one-way valve VM11 is connected to the outlet of the gas recuperator E200. The outlet pipeline FH12 of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is connected to the inlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 on one side and to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM12 on the other side. The outlet of the regulating control valve VM12 is connected to the venting pipeline. The outlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger E100. The outlet pipeline FH13 of the low-temperature heat exchanger E100 is connected to the inlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 on the other side. One line is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM01A, another line is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM01B, the third line is connected to the inlet of the charging pressure regulating control valve VM09, one line of the outlet pipeline FH14 of the switch control valve VM01A is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100A, another line is connected to the switch control valve VM02A, one line of the outlet pipeline FH15 of the low-temperature adsorber A100A is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM05A, another line is connected to the switch control valve VM04A, one line of the outlet of the switch control valve VM05A goes to the downstream purified hydrogen pipeline FH19, and the other line is connected to The outlet of the switch control valve VM05B is connected, and the third one is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM13. One of the outlet pipelines FH16 of the switch control valve VM01B is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100B, and the other one is connected to the switch control valve VM02B. One of the outlet pipelines FH17 of the low-temperature adsorber A100B is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM05B, and the other one is connected to the switch control valve VM04B. One of the outlets of the switch control valve VM05B goes to the downstream purified hydrogen pipeline FH19, and the other one is connected to the outlet of the switch control valve VM05A. The third one is connected to the regulating control The inlet of valve VM13 is connected. The medium-temperature hydrogen of regeneration heating pipeline FH20 is connected to the inlet of regulating control valve VM06. One outlet of regulating control valve VM06 is connected to on-off control valve VM04A / B, another outlet is connected to the inlet of regulating control valve VM03, a third outlet is connected to the outlet of regulating control valve VM10, a fourth outlet is connected to the outlet of regulating control valve VM13, the outlet of regulating control valve VM03 is connected to the outlet of regulating control valve VM08, and another outlet is connected to the inlet of gas recuperator E200. The room-temperature hydrogen of regeneration cold blow pipeline FH21 is connected to the inlet of regulating control valve VM10. The outlet of regulating control valve VM09 of precooling pipeline FH22 is connected to on-off control valve VM02A / B.

[0022] In this embodiment, the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 includes one or more combinations of separation processes such as pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, and membrane separation; the low-temperature heat exchanger E100 can be a coil heat exchanger, a printed circuit board heat exchanger, or a plate-fin heat exchanger, and the gas recuperator E200 can be any one of a shell and tube heat exchanger, a water bath heat exchanger, and an air-temperature heat exchanger; the low-temperature adsorber A100A / B is filled with one or more combinations of molecular sieves, activated carbon, and silica gel, and the equipment structure is an internal insulation type low-temperature adsorber A100A / B, a low-temperature heat exchanger E100, a switch control valve VM01A / B, a switch control valve VM02A / B, a switch control valve VM04A / B, a switch control valve VM05A / B, and a regulating control valve VM09 and VM13 are integrated in an 80K cold box X200; the low-temperature adsorption regeneration heating and pre-cooling medium uses medium-temperature hydrogen and normal-temperature hydrogen, wherein the medium-temperature hydrogen comes from before the compressor interstage cooler or after the steam heater.

[0023] In addition, in this embodiment, the outlet of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit is provided with an oxygen content analysis AI01 interlock emergency shut-off valve VM07 and a venting regulating control valve VM12; the outlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100A / B is provided with an oxygen content analysis AI02 interlock emergency shut-off valve VM04A / B, VM05A / B, and a regulating control valve VM03 to ensure the safety of the low-temperature adsorption and regeneration process.

[0024] Based on an adsorption and regeneration method for a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction, it includes the following steps: Adsorption process using adsorber A100A as an example: The raw hydrogen FH11 and the regeneration flow path FH18 have a pressure of ~0.005MPa and a temperature of 20°C and enter the compression and purification unit X100 to remove impurities. The gas FH12 has a pressure of ~2.4MPa and a temperature of 35°C and enters the low-temperature adsorber A100A in the adsorption state to remove impurities and obtain purified hydrogen.

[0025] Regeneration process using adsorber A100B as an example: The saturated low-temperature adsorber A100B enters the regeneration stage. The switch control valve VM01B and the switch control valve VM05B are closed, and the switch control valve VM02B and the regulating control valve VM08 are opened to discharge the gas inside the equipment to relieve the pressure. The gas flows into the gas reheater E200 and enters the inlet of the compression purification unit X100 together with the raw hydrogen FH11 after reheating. After the pressure PI01B in the low-temperature adsorber A100B drops to normal pressure, the regulating control valve VM06 and the switch control valve VM04B are opened to introduce medium-temperature hydrogen with a temperature of 80°C and a pressure of 0.15MPa into the low-temperature adsorber A100B for heating. After the temperature TI01B reaches the predetermined value, the regulating control valve (VM06) of the regeneration heating pipeline FH20 is closed, and then the normal-temperature hydrogen of the regeneration cold blow pipeline FH21 is cut in, and the regulating control valve is opened. VM10 enters the low-temperature adsorber A100B for cold blowing. After the temperature TI01B reaches 35°C, the corresponding valves VM10 and VM08 of the cold blowing pipeline are closed. Then the regeneration pre-cooling pipeline FH22 is cut in, and the regulating control valve VM08 and regulating control valve VM13 are opened. The low-temperature purified hydrogen enters the low-temperature adsorber A100B for pre-cooling and then enters the gas recuperator E200 for heat exchange and temperature increase before flowing into the raw hydrogen pipeline FH11. After the temperature TI01B reaches -192°C, the regulating control valve VM08 and the switch control valve VM04B of the regeneration pre-cooling pipeline FH22 are closed. Then, the regeneration pressurization stage is entered and the regulating control valve VM09 is opened. After the pressure PI01B reaches 2.4MPa, the regulating control valve VM09 and the switch control valve VM02B are closed. At this point, the regeneration of the low-temperature adsorber A100B is completed and it is ready for standby use.

[0026] In this embodiment, the low-temperature hydrogen adsorption temperature is between -160 and -196°C, the regeneration gas inlet temperature is between -20 and 80°C, and the regeneration gas outlet temperature is between -100°C and room temperature; the low-temperature hydrogen adsorption pressure is between 1.3 and 15 MPa, and the regeneration gas pressure is between 0 and 1.3 MPa.

[0027] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, compared with the first embodiment, the medium-temperature hydrogen heating pipeline FH20 and the regulating control valve VM06 are cancelled, and a gas heater E300 is added. The room-temperature hydrogen enters the gas heater E300 and is heated before flowing into the low-temperature adsorber A100B for regeneration heating treatment.

[0028] For the sake of simplicity, the aforementioned embodiments are described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should be aware that this application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by this application.

[0029] The above embodiments describe the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction, characterized in that: It includes a raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100, a low-temperature heat exchanger E100, a gas recuperator E200, a low-temperature adsorber A100A, a low-temperature adsorber A100B, an 80K cold box X200, and a plurality of control valves that are interconnected; one line of the raw hydrogen pipeline FH11 is connected to the inlet of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100, and the other line is connected to the outlet of the one-way valve VM11; the inlet of the one-way valve VM11 is connected to the outlet of the gas recuperator E200; The outlet pipeline FH12 of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is connected to the inlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 on one side and to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM12 on the other side. The outlet of the regulating control valve VM12 is connected to the vent pipeline; The outlet of the emergency shut-off valve VM07 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger E100. One line of the outlet pipeline FH13 of the low-temperature heat exchanger E100 is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM01A, another line is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM01B, and the third line is connected to the inlet of the charging pressure regulating control valve VM09; The outlet pipeline FH14 of the switch control valve VM01A is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100A on one line, and is connected to the switch control valve VM02A on the other line. The outlet pipeline FH15 of the low-temperature adsorber A100A is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM05A on one line, and is connected to the switch control valve VM04A on the other line. The outlet of the switch control valve VM05A goes to the downstream purified hydrogen pipeline FH19 on one line, is connected to the outlet of the switch control valve VM05B on another line, and the third line is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM13. The outlet pipeline FH16 of the switch control valve VM01B is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature adsorber A100B on one line, and is connected to the switch control valve VM02B on the other line.

2. A low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet pipeline FH17 of the low-temperature adsorber A100B is connected to the inlet of the switch control valve VM05B on one side, and is connected to the switch control valve VM04B on the other side; the outlet of the switch control valve VM05B leads to the downstream purified hydrogen pipeline FH19 on one side, is connected to the outlet of the switch control valve VM05A on another side, and is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM13 on the third side; the medium-temperature hydrogen of the regeneration heating pipeline FH20 is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM06, and the outlet of the regulating control valve VM06 is connected to the switch control valve VM04A and VM04B is connected, another line is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM03, the third line is connected to the outlet of the regulating control valve VM10, the fourth line is connected to the outlet of the regulating control valve VM13, the outlet of the regulating control valve VM03 is connected to the outlet of the regulating control valve VM08, another line is connected to the inlet of the gas recuperator E200, the regenerated cold blow pipeline FH21 normal temperature hydrogen is connected to the inlet of the regulating control valve VM10; the outlet of the regulating control valve VM09 of the precooling pipeline FH22 is connected to the switch control valve VM02A and the switch control valve VM02B.

3. A low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is equipped with one or more combinations of pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption and membrane separation processes.

4. A low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature heat exchanger E100 includes a coil heat exchanger, a printed circuit board heat exchanger and a plate-fin heat exchanger, and the gas recuperator E200 includes a shell and tube heat exchanger, a water bath heat exchanger and an air-temperature heat exchanger.

5. The low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature adsorber A100A and the low-temperature adsorber A100B are internally insulated structures, and are filled with one or more combinations of molecular sieves, activated carbon and silica gel.

6. A low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature adsorber A100A, low-temperature adsorber A100B, low-temperature heat exchanger E100, switch control valve VM01A, switch control valve VM01B, switch control valve VM02A, switch control valve VM02B, switch control valve VM04A, switch control valve VM04B, switch control valve VM05A, switch control valve VM05B, regulating control valve VM09 and regulating control valve VM13 are all integrated in the 80K cold box X200.

7. A low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the raw hydrogen compression and purification unit X100 is also provided with an oxygen content analyzer AI01, an interlocked emergency shut-off valve VM07, and a regulating control valve VM12 for venting; the outlets of the low-temperature adsorber A100A and the low-temperature adsorber A100B are provided with an oxygen content analyzer AI02, an interlocked emergency shut-off switch control valve VM05A and an interlocked emergency shut-off switch control valve VM05B, as well as an interlocked emergency opening switch control valve VM04A and an interlocked emergency opening switch control valve VM04B, and a regulating control valve VM03.

8. The low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a gas heater E300 that replaces the modulating control valve VM06.

9. The adsorption and regeneration method of a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The raw hydrogen from the FH11 pipeline and the hydrogen from the regeneration flow line FH18 enter the compression purification unit X100 for pressurization to remove impurities. The gas from the FH12 pipeline enters the low-temperature adsorber A100A in the adsorption state to remove impurities and obtain purified hydrogen. The saturated low-temperature adsorber A100B enters the regeneration phase. The on-off control valve VM01B and on-off control valve VM05B are closed, and the on-off control valve VM02B and regulating control valve VM08 are opened to discharge the gas inside the equipment and release the pressure. The gas flows into the gas reheater E200 and, after reheating, enters the inlet of the compression purification unit X100 together with the raw hydrogen from the FH11 pipeline. After the pressure at the pressure relief pressure measuring point PI01B in the low-temperature adsorber A100B drops to normal pressure, open the regulating control valve VM06 and the switch control valve VM04B to introduce medium-temperature hydrogen into the low-temperature adsorber A100B for heating; After the temperature of the regeneration heating pre-cooling temperature measuring point TI01B of the low-temperature adsorber reaches the preset value, close the regulating control valve VM06 of the regeneration heating pipeline FH20, cut in the normal temperature hydrogen of the regeneration cold blowing pipeline FH21, open the regulating control valve VM10 to enter the low-temperature adsorber A100B for cold blowing, and after the temperature of the regeneration heating pre-cooling temperature measuring point TI01B of the low-temperature adsorber reaches the preset value, close the corresponding valves VM10 and VM08 of the cold blowing pipeline; Cut into the regeneration pre-cooling pipeline FH22, open the regulating control valve VM08 and regulating control valve VM13, and the low-temperature purified hydrogen enters the low-temperature adsorber A100B for pre-cooling, then enters the gas reheater E200 for heat exchange and temperature increase, and then flows into the raw hydrogen pipeline FH11; after the temperature of the low-temperature adsorber regeneration pre-cooling temperature measuring point TI01B reaches the predetermined value, close the regulating control valve VM08 and regulating control valve VM13 of the regeneration pre-cooling pipeline FH22, and the switch control valve VM04B; Entering the regeneration and pressurization stage, open the regulating control valve VM09 and wait for the pressure of the pressure relief pressure measuring point PI01B to reach the predetermined value. Then close the regulating control valve VM09 and the switch control valve VM02B. At this point, the regeneration of the low-temperature adsorber A100B is completed and it is ready for use.

10. The adsorption and regeneration method of a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The low-temperature adsorption regeneration heating and pre-cooling medium uses medium-temperature hydrogen and normal-temperature hydrogen, wherein the medium-temperature hydrogen comes from the low-temperature hydrogen adsorption temperature before the compressor interstage cooler or after the steam heater, and the temperature is between -160 and -196°C, the regeneration gas inlet temperature is between -20 and 80°C, and the regeneration gas outlet temperature is between -100°C and normal temperature.

11. The adsorption and regeneration method of a low-temperature adsorption device for hydrogen liquefaction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The low-temperature hydrogen adsorption pressure is between 1.3 and 15 MPa, and the regeneration gas pressure is between 0 and 1.3 MPa.

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