Pulsating type microbubble flotation device and method suitable for refractory minerals

Abstract

The invention relates to a pulsating type micro-bubble flotation device and method suitable for refractory minerals, belongs to the technical field of mineral separation, solves the problems that in existing flotation equipment, coarse particles run out, fine particles are difficult to mineralize and collect, and the recovery rate is low, and belongs to the technical field of mineral separation. The device comprises a flotation cylinder body, a flotation inner cylinder and a countercurrent mineralization cylinder which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder and the lower end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder are each of a horn-shaped structure, and the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder is connected with the inner wall of the flotation cylinder body; an inclined feeding cavity is formed by the lower end of the countercurrent mineralization barrel and the lower end of the flotation inner barrel, an ore pulp feeding port is formed in the lower end of the flotation barrel body, and the ore pulp feeding port is right opposite to the inclined feeding cavity. The circular flow of ore pulp at the bottom is enhanced, the dead zone phenomenon in the flotation device is reduced, and the flotation effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, and in particular to a pulsating microbubble flotation device and method suitable for refractory minerals. Background Art

[0002] The core equipment of froth flotation mainly includes mechanical flotation machines and flotation columns. However, these two types of equipment have the following shortcomings when facing the problem of sorting difficult-to-separate minerals, especially coarse and fine particles:

[0003] Mechanical flotation machines achieve uniform slurry distribution and bubble mineralization through mechanical agitation. However, high turbulence areas can lead to unstable attachment of coarse particles to bubbles, causing particles to fall off the bubble surface and resulting in low recovery rates. Furthermore, due to the enhanced hydration film effect, fine particles are less likely to adhere effectively to the bubbles, significantly reducing separation efficiency. Furthermore, mechanical entrainment can easily lead to the misrecovery of gangue minerals, making it difficult to improve concentrate grade.

[0004] Flotation columns, with their static sorting properties, partially offset the shortcomings of mechanical flotation machines, demonstrating high sorting efficiency, particularly when processing fine-grained materials. However, when dealing with high-ash ores or minerals with high intergrowth content, flotation columns struggle to maintain high selectivity and recovery rates. Furthermore, under highly turbulent conditions, bubbles in coarse-grained minerals lack sufficient adhesion and are prone to desorption, limiting their applicability. In actual production, these deficiencies directly lead to high tailings losses, high energy consumption, and insufficient sorting economics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a pulsating microbubble flotation device and method suitable for difficult-to-separate minerals, so as to solve the problems existing in existing flotation equipment, such as coarse particles running out, fine particles being difficult to be mineralized and captured, and low recovery rate.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a pulsating microbubble flotation device suitable for difficult-to-select minerals, comprising a flotation cylinder, a flotation inner cylinder and a countercurrent mineralization cylinder arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, the lower ends of the flotation inner cylinder and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder both being trumpet-shaped structures, the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder being connected to the inner wall of the flotation cylinder, the lower end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder and the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder forming an inclined feeding cavity, the lower end of the flotation cylinder being provided with a slurry feeding port, the slurry feeding port being arranged directly opposite to the inclined feeding cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, an annular partition plate is provided in the flotation cylinder, and the annular partition plate is provided below the countercurrent mineralization cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, the flotation inner cylinder includes a first column section and a first cone section, the upper end of the first cone section is connected to the lower end of the first column section, and the lower end of the first cone section is connected to the inner wall of the flotation cylinder body.

[0009] Furthermore, the countercurrent mineralization cylinder includes a second cylindrical section and a second conical section, the upper end of the second conical section is connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical section, and the lower end of the second conical section is connected to the annular partition plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the second column section is located below the top of the first column section.

[0011] Furthermore, a concentrate enrichment cavity is provided between the first column section and the inner wall of the flotation cylinder, and the flotation cylinder is provided with a concentrate discharge port communicating with the concentrate enrichment cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, a tailings collecting chamber is provided below the annular partition plate, and the flotation cylinder is provided with a tailings discharge port communicating with the tailings collecting chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, inclined guide vanes are provided in the second column section, and the inclined guide vanes are provided in at least two layers along the height direction of the second column section.

[0014] Furthermore, the inclined guide plate is provided with a first slot.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a pulsating microbubble flotation method, which uses the above-mentioned pulsating microbubble flotation device to perform mineral separation operations.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention nests a flotation inner cylinder and a countercurrent mineralization cylinder in the flotation cylinder, and the flotation cylinder, the flotation inner cylinder and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. The lower ends of the flotation inner cylinder and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder are both trumpet-shaped structures, and the slurry feed port faces the inclined feed cavity restricted by the two trumpet-shaped structures (i.e., faces the restriction of the two trumpet-shaped structures), so that the slurry is fed directly along the inclined surface when entering the flotation cylinder. The inclined feeding method allows the slurry to form a stable countercurrent when entering the cylinder, and quickly diffuses radially at the same time, which not only helps to shorten the bubble mineralization time, but also effectively promotes the uniform dispersion of the slurry, further enhances the circulation flow of the slurry at the bottom, and reduces the "dead zone" phenomenon in the flotation device, thereby improving the flotation effect.

[0018] (2) The present invention provides a bubble diffuser on the outer side of the mixed flow impeller. Multiple rectangular grilles are arranged around the outer side of the mixed flow impeller. The shearing action of the rectangular grilles disperses large bubbles into microbubbles, increasing the bubble surface area. The bubble diffuser can pulsate up and down along the drive shaft. Through its rectangular grilles and axial disturbance, it collaborates with the mixed flow impeller to control the size and distribution of bubbles, ensuring that the bubbles are evenly distributed in the slurry and fully contact the mineral particles, thereby improving the mineralization effect.

[0019] (3) The present invention provides a B-shaped mixed flow impeller in the middle of the transmission shaft. The B-shaped mixed flow impeller is located above the countercurrent mineralization cylinder. The symmetrically arranged B-shaped mixed flow impeller generates local vortexes to increase the gas content. An inclined orifice plate impeller is provided below the transmission shaft to enhance the directional circulation of the slurry through axial flow. The circular B-shaped mixed flow impeller increases the gas content, and the isosceles trapezoidal inclined guide vanes stabilize the axial flow, taking into account the requirements of coarse / fine particle separation. The mixed flow impeller reduces ineffective turbulence and improves energy utilization. The use of the B-shaped mixed flow impeller to form a negative pressure mineralization zone in the middle can also prevent mineral particles from entering the transmission components, greatly extending the life of the reducer.

[0020] (4) The present invention is provided with a diaphragm bottom cone directly below the second cone section, which can be used to adjust the inflation according to the properties of the material. For different target mineral characteristics, the processing volume and circulation volume can be changed in accordance with the fullness of the diaphragm bottom cone, thereby avoiding the problems of high energy consumption and small processing volume caused by multiple circulations of easily floating minerals.

[0021] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and some advantages will become apparent from the description or be learned through practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like parts throughout the drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a microbubble flotation device according to a specific embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 This is one of the cross-sectional structural diagrams of a microbubble flotation device according to a specific embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a second schematic cross-sectional view of a microbubble flotation device according to a specific embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4This is a third schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a microbubble flotation device according to a specific embodiment;

[0027] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a transmission shaft according to a specific embodiment;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of a bubble diffuser according to a specific embodiment;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the transmission shaft, bubble diffuser and drive assembly in a specific embodiment;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the bubble diffuser and the drive assembly of a specific embodiment;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the bubble diffuser, T-shaped connecting rod, planetary gear and second connecting cylinder in a specific embodiment;

[0032] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the transmission shaft and the planetary reduction structure of a specific embodiment.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 1- flotation cylinder; 11- inclined feed chamber; 12- slurry feed port; 13- annular partition plate; 131- through hole; 14- tailings discharge port; 15- tailings collection chamber; 16- concentrate enrichment chamber; 17- concentrate discharge port; 18- diaphragm bottom cone; 2- flotation inner cylinder; 21- first column section; 22- first cone section; 3- countercurrent mineralization cylinder; 31- second column section; 311- inclined guide vane; 312- first slot; 32- second cone section; 4- bubble dispersion assembly; 41- transmission shaft; 4 11-inclined orifice plate impeller; 412-second slot hole; 42-drive motor; 43-support plate; 44-mixed flow impeller; 45-dispersion cover; 451-first connecting cylinder; 452-arc cover; 453-dispersion hole; 46-bubble diffuser; 461-first annular plate; 462-second annular plate; 463-rectangular grid; 5-drive assembly; 51-T-type connecting rod; 52-second connecting cylinder; 521-track groove; 53-gear ring; 54-sun gear; 55-planet gear; 56-planet carrier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A specific embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a pulsating microbubble flotation device suitable for difficult-to-select minerals is disclosed, including a flotation cylinder 1, a flotation inner cylinder 2 and a countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3. The flotation inner cylinder 2 is arranged in the flotation cylinder 1, and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 is arranged in the flotation inner cylinder 2. The lower end of the flotation inner cylinder 2 is a trumpet-shaped structure and is connected to the inner wall of the flotation cylinder 1. The lower end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 is a trumpet-shaped structure and forms an inclined feeding cavity 11 with the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder 2. A slurry feeding port 12 is provided at the lower end of the flotation cylinder 1, and the slurry feeding port 12 is connected to the inclined feeding cavity 11 and is arranged directly opposite to it.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the pulsating microbubble flotation device suitable for difficult-to-select minerals provided in this embodiment has a flotation inner cylinder 2 and a countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 nested in a flotation cylinder 1. The flotation cylinder 1, the flotation inner cylinder 2 and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. The lower ends of the flotation inner cylinder 2 and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 are both trumpet-shaped structures, and the slurry feed port 12 faces the inclined feed cavity 11 restricted by the two trumpet-shaped structures (i.e., facing the restriction of the two trumpet-shaped structures), so that the slurry is fed directly along the inclined surface when entering the flotation cylinder 1. The inclined feeding method allows the slurry to form a stable countercurrent when entering the cylinder and quickly diffuse radially at the same time, which not only helps to shorten the bubble mineralization time, but also effectively promotes the uniform dispersion of the slurry, further enhances the circulation flow of the slurry at the bottom, reduces the "dead zone" phenomenon in the flotation device, and improves the flotation effect.

[0039] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the flotation cylinder 1 is a cylindrical structure.

[0040] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an annular partition plate 13 is provided in the flotation cylinder 1, and the annular partition plate 13 is provided at the lower end of the flotation cylinder 1. The outer edge of the annular partition plate 13 is connected to the inner wall of the flotation cylinder 1, and the inner edge of the annular partition plate 13 is connected to the lower end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3.

[0041] Considering that the equipment is used for concentrate enrichment, combined with Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the annular partition plate 13 is evenly provided with through holes 131. The slurry inlet 12 is located above the annular partition plate 13.

[0042] In order to facilitate the discharge of tailings, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the flotation cylinder 1 is further provided with a tailings discharge port 14 , which is provided at the bottom of the flotation cylinder 1 .

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the slurry inlet 12 and the tailings discharge port 14 are both provided at the bottom of the side wall of the flotation cylinder 1, and the slurry inlet 12 and the tailings discharge port 14 are respectively located on both sides of the flotation cylinder 1. The slurry inlet 12 and the tailings discharge port 14 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the annular partition plate 13.

[0044] In this embodiment, an annular partition plate 13 is provided within the flotation cylinder 1, separating a space at the bottom of the flotation cylinder 1 to form a tailings collection chamber 15. A tailings discharge port 14 is provided at this location to facilitate the discharge of tailings. A slurry inlet 12 is also provided above the annular partition plate 13. Slurry enters the flotation cylinder 1 through the slurry inlet 12. A portion of the slurry enters the tailings collection chamber 15 through the uniformly arranged through-holes 131 on the annular partition plate 13, while the remaining portion flows upward through the inclined feed chamber 11. Once the tailings collection chamber 15 is filled with slurry, the slurry flows upward.

[0045] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the flotation inner barrel 2 includes a first column section 21 and a first cone section 22. The first cone section 22 is arranged below the first column section 21. A gap is provided between the first column section 21 and the inner wall of the flotation barrel 1. The gap forms a concentrate enrichment chamber 16. The upper end of the first cone section 22 is connected to the lower end of the first column section 21, and the lower end of the first cone section 22 is connected to the inner wall of the flotation barrel 1. Furthermore, the small opening end of the first cone section 22 is connected to the lower part of the first column section 21, and the large opening end of the first cone section 22 is connected to the inner wall of the flotation barrel 1, so that the first cone section 22 has a trumpet-shaped structure with a small top and a large bottom. The inner wall of the first cone section 22 is the inclined wall surface of the inclined feeding chamber 11. Preferably, the first column section 21 is a cylindrical barrel, and the first cone section 22 is a frustum barrel.

[0046] Understandably, combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 includes a second cylindrical section 31 and a second conical section 32. The second conical section 32 is arranged below the second cylindrical section 31. The upper end of the second conical section 32 is connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical section 31, and the lower end of the second conical section 32 is connected to the inner edge of the annular partition plate 13. Furthermore, the small opening end of the second conical section 32 is connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical section 31, and the large opening end of the second conical section 32 is connected to the inner edge of the annular partition plate 13, so that the second conical section 32 has a trumpet-shaped structure with a small top and a large bottom. The outer wall of the second conical section 32 is the inclined wall surface of the inclined feed chamber 11. Preferably, the second cylindrical section 31 is a cylindrical cylinder, and the second conical section 32 is a frustum cylinder.

[0047] In this embodiment, the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder 2 is the first conical cylinder section 22, and the lower end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 is the second conical cylinder section 32. The inner wall of the first conical cylinder section 22 and the outer wall of the second conical cylinder section 32 form an inclined feed chamber 11. The axis of the slurry feed port 12 is parallel to the annular partition plate 13. The slurry entering from the slurry feed port 12 is fed upward along the first conical cylinder section 22 and the second conical cylinder section 32, so that a stable countercurrent is formed when the slurry enters the cylinder body, and it quickly diffuses radially, shortening the bubble mineralization time, promoting uniform dispersion of the slurry, and improving the flotation effect. Inclined feeding can promote directional movement of the feed, and in conjunction with the annular partition plate 13, it can promote rapid dispersion of the feed in the cylinder body; and it can also reduce the occurrence of material crosstalk.

[0048] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the top of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 is lower than the top of the flotation inner cylinder 2. Specifically, the upper end of the second column section 31 is arranged in the first column section 21, and the lower end is located in the second cone section 32. The upper end of the second column section 31 is located below the upper end of the first column section 21, the upper end of the second cone section 32 is located in the first cone section 22, and the lower end of the second cone section 32 is located below the first cone section 22.

[0049] In this embodiment, there is a height difference between the countercurrent mineralization drum 3 and the flotation inner drum 2 , so that the top of the countercurrent mineralization drum 3 acts as an overflow weir, and the concentrate overflows from the top of the flotation inner drum 2 into the concentrate enrichment chamber 16 .

[0050] It is understood that in order to discharge the concentrate from the concentrate enrichment chamber 16, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the flotation cylinder 1 is further provided with a concentrate discharge port 17, which is in communication with the concentrate enrichment chamber 16. The concentrate discharge port 17 is provided at the bottom of the concentrate enrichment chamber 16. For example, the concentrate discharge port 17 is provided opposite the first conical cylinder section 22. Preferably, the axis of the concentrate discharge port 17 is perpendicular to the axis of the tailings discharge port 14.

[0051] In this embodiment, the concentrate in the concentrate enrichment chamber 16 is discharged through the concentrate discharge port 17. Since the concentrate discharge port 17 is opposite to the first conical cylinder section 22, and the first conical cylinder section 22 is a trumpet-shaped structure with a small upper part and a large lower part, the concentrate overflowing from the top of the flotation inner cylinder 2 into the concentrate enrichment chamber 16 is enriched toward the concentrate discharge port 17 under the action of the inclined outer wall of the first conical cylinder section 22, which facilitates the discharge of the concentrate.

[0052] Taking into account the different properties of flotation materials, such as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a diaphragm bottom cone 18 is provided at the bottom of the flotation cylinder 1. The diaphragm bottom cone 18 is located in the tailings collection chamber 15 and directly below the second cone section 32. The arrangement of the diaphragm bottom cone 18 allows its outer wall to form an inclined channel with the inner wall of the second cone section 32.

[0053] In this embodiment, a diaphragm bottom cone 18 is provided directly below the second conical cylinder section 32, and the inflation can be adjusted according to the properties of the material. For different target mineral characteristics, the processing capacity and circulation capacity can be changed in accordance with the fullness of the diaphragm bottom cone 18, thereby avoiding the problems of high energy consumption and small processing capacity caused by multiple circulations of easily floating minerals.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, inclined guide vanes 311 are provided within the second cylindrical section 31. The inclined guide vanes 311 are arranged in at least two layers along the height of the second cylindrical section 31, with each layer having multiple inclined guide vanes 311. The multiple inclined guide vanes 311 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the second cylindrical section 31. Preferably, two layers of inclined guide vanes 311 are provided along the height of the second cylindrical section 31, with each layer having four inclined guide vanes 311.

[0055] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the inclined guide plate 311 is an isosceles trapezoidal sheet structure. The large bottom surface of the inclined guide plate 311 is connected to the inner wall of the second cylindrical section 31, and the small bottom surface of the inclined guide plate 311 faces the center of the second cylindrical section 31. To enhance shearing of the slurry, a first slot 312 is provided on the inclined guide plate 311. Preferably, there are three first slots 312, two of which are parallel to the two waist edges of the inclined guide plate 311, and the other first slot 312 is located near the small bottom surface of the inclined guide plate 311 and is parallel to the small bottom surface.

[0056] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the pulsating microbubble flotation device further includes a bubble dispersion assembly 4, which includes a drive shaft 41 and a drive motor 42. One end of the drive shaft 41 is connected to the drive motor 42, and the other end of the drive shaft 41 is disposed within the flotation cylinder 1. Specifically, the upper end of the drive shaft 41 is connected to the drive motor 42, and the lower end of the drive shaft 41 is disposed within the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3.

[0057] In order to cooperate with the inner cavity of the second cylindrical section 31, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the lower end of the drive shaft 41 is provided with an inclined orifice plate impeller 411. The inclined orifice plate impellers 411 and the inclined guide vanes 311 are staggered along the length of the drive shaft 41. For example, the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 is disposed in the gap between two adjacent inclined guide vanes 311, and the inclined guide vanes 311 are disposed in the gap between adjacent inclined orifice plate impellers 411. Multiple inclined orifice plate impellers 411 are disposed radially along the drive shaft 41, and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the lower end of the drive shaft 41. Preferably, four inclined orifice plate impellers 411 are provided.

[0058] Furthermore, if Figure 5 As shown, the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 has an isosceles trapezoidal sheet structure. The large base end of the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 is connected to the lower end of the drive shaft 41, and the small base end of the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 is disposed toward the inner wall of the second cylindrical section 31. To enhance the shearing effect on the slurry, the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 is provided with second slots 412. Preferably, three second slots 412 are provided, two of which are parallel to the two waist edges of the inclined orifice plate impeller 411, and the other second slot 412 is disposed near the small base of the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 and parallel to the small base.

[0059] It is worth noting that the inclined guide vanes 311 and the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 are both arranged vertically.

[0060] In order to provide support for the transmission shaft 41 and the drive motor 42, the Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the bubble dispersion assembly 4 further includes a support plate 43 , which is disposed on the top of the flotation cylinder 1 , and a drive motor 42 is disposed on the support plate 43 . The upper end of the transmission shaft 41 passes through the support plate 43 and is connected to the drive motor 42 .

[0061] In order to improve the gas holdup of pulsating microbubble flotation device, such as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the bubble dispersion assembly 4 further includes a mixed flow impeller 44, which is connected to the middle portion of the transmission shaft 41 and is located at the upper end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3. The mixed flow impeller 44 has a B-shaped structure, and multiple mixed flow impellers 44 are evenly arranged around the transmission shaft 41, and the mixed flow impellers 44 are symmetrically arranged about the transmission shaft 41.

[0062] In this embodiment, a B-shaped mixed flow impeller 44 is installed in the middle of the drive shaft 41. This impeller is located above the countercurrent mineralization drum 3. The symmetrical arrangement of the B-shaped impeller 44 generates local vortices, increasing the gas holdup. An inclined orifice plate impeller 411 is installed below the drive shaft 41 to enhance the directional circulation of the slurry through axial flow. The circular B-shaped mixed flow impeller 44 increases the gas holdup, while the isosceles trapezoidal inclined guide vanes 311 stabilize the axial flow, balancing the requirements of coarse and fine particle separation. The mixed flow impeller 44 reduces ineffective turbulence and improves energy efficiency. The use of the B-shaped mixed flow impeller 44 to create a negative pressure mineralization zone in the center also prevents ore particles from entering the transmission components, significantly extending the life of the reducer.

[0063] In order to suppress turbulent diffusion, prolong the residence time of bubbles in the mineralized area and reduce bubble escape, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the bubble dispersion assembly 4 further includes a dispersion cover 45, which is located within the flotation inner cylinder 2 and is disposed outside the mixed flow impeller 44. Specifically, the dispersion cover 45 includes a first connecting tube 451 and a curved cover 452. The upper end of the first connecting tube 451 is connected to the support plate 43, and the lower end of the first connecting tube 451 is connected to the curved cover 452. The curved cover 452 is evenly provided with dispersion holes 453.

[0064] In order to increase the bubble surface area, such as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the bubble dispersion assembly 4 also includes a bubble diffuser 46, which is arranged on the outside of the mixed flow impeller 44, the upper end of the bubble diffuser 46 is connected to the dispersion cover 45, and the lower end of the bubble diffuser 46 is connected to the top of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3.

[0065] Specifically, if Figure 6 As shown, the bubble diffuser 46 includes a first annular plate 461, a second annular plate 462, and a rectangular grid 463. The first annular plate 461 and the second annular plate 462 are arranged horizontally. The first annular plate 461 is connected to the dispersion cover 45, and the second annular plate 462 is connected to the top of the countercurrent mineralization tube 3. The rectangular grid 463 is arranged between the first annular plate 461 and the second annular plate 462. The upper end of the rectangular grid 463 is connected to the first annular plate 461, and the lower end of the rectangular grid 463 is connected to the second annular plate 462. A plurality of rectangular grids 463 are provided, and the plurality of rectangular grids 463 are evenly arranged around the circumference of the transmission shaft 41.

[0066] In this embodiment, a bubble diffuser 46 is provided on the outer cover of the mixed flow impeller 44 , and a plurality of rectangular grids 463 are arranged around the outer side of the mixed flow impeller 44 . The shearing action of the rectangular grids 463 disperses large bubbles into microbubbles, thereby increasing the surface area of the bubbles.

[0067] In this embodiment, the inclined structure of the bottom of the flotation cylinder 1 promotes the natural sedimentation of the tailings particles, and the bottom flow field tends to laminar flow; the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 drives the unmineralized particles to re-enter the countercurrent mineralization zone, forming a closed flow field path, and the slurry and bubbles quickly contact in the countercurrent direction, reducing the time required for mineralization. The mineralized bubbles naturally float up due to buoyancy, and the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 only needs to maintain the flow field circulation.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Another specific embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a pulsating microbubble flotation device suitable for difficult-to-separate minerals is disclosed. This differs from Example 1 in that the bubble diffuser 46 is capable of vertically pulsating. This vertical pulsation of the bubble diffuser 46, combined with its inherent structure, achieves radial bubble shearing and transport, and also enables hydraulic transport of mineralized bubbles during the pulsation process, thereby improving flotation efficiency.

[0070] In order to realize the up and down pulsation of the bubble diffuser 46, combined with Figure 2 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the pulsating microbubble flotation device also includes a drive assembly 5, which includes a T-shaped connecting rod 51 and a second connecting tube 52. The second connecting tube 52 is disposed within the first connecting tube 451 and connected to the first connecting tube 451. The inner wall of the second connecting tube 52 is provided with a track groove 521, which is a vertically curved groove. The middle end of the T-shaped connecting rod 51 is connected to the track groove 521, and the lower end of the T-shaped connecting rod 51 is connected to the top of the bubble disperser 46. When the T-shaped connecting rod 51 moves within the track groove 521 of the second connecting tube 52, the upward and downward curved structure of the track groove 521 drives the bubble disperser 46 to pulsate vertically.

[0071] In order to realize the rotation of the second connecting cylinder 52, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 10As shown, the drive assembly 5 also includes a ring gear 53, a sun gear 54, a planetary gear 55 and a planetary carrier 56. The ring gear 53 and the second connecting tube 52 are both connected to the support plate 43, and the ring gear 54 is located at the upper end of the second connecting tube 52. The sun gear 54 is connected to the transmission shaft 41 and is driven by the transmission shaft 41. The planetary carrier 56 is connected to the planetary gear 55. The planetary gear 55 engages the ring gear 53 and the sun gear 54. The upper end of the T-type connecting rod 51 is connected to the planetary gear 55 and rotates synchronously with the planetary gear 55. Driven by the sun gear 54, the planetary gear 55 rotates, thereby driving the T-type connecting rod 51 to rotate. Since the T-type connecting rod 51 cooperates with the track groove 521 of the second connecting tube 52, it drives the bubble diffuser 46 to pulsate up and down.

[0072] In this embodiment, the planetary reducer, through its deceleration and reverse steering functions, drives the connected T-shaped connecting rod 51, enabling the bubble diffuser 46 to achieve stable disturbance. During this process, the bubble diffuser 46, through its rectangular grid 463 and axial disturbance, collaborates with the mixed flow impeller 44 to control the size and distribution of bubbles, ensuring that the bubbles are evenly distributed in the slurry and fully contact the mineral particles, thereby improving the mineralization effect.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] Another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a pulsating microbubble flotation method is disclosed, which uses the pulsating microbubble flotation device of the above embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, including the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Feed the material by tilting the inclined plane.

[0076] The slurry first enters the flotation cylinder 1 through the slurry inlet 12. After entering, the slurry is quickly affected by the slurry dispersion slope to ensure that the slurry is evenly distributed in the cylinder to avoid local accumulation.

[0077] Step 2: Bubble dispersion.

[0078] The driving motor 42 directly drives the transmission shaft 41 to rotate, and the mixed flow impeller 44 and the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 start to operate, forming an effective air flow circulation. At the same time, the bubble diffuser 46 pulsates up and down under the drive of the T-type connecting rod 51. The mixed flow impeller 44 generates negative pressure by rotation to inhale air, while the inclined orifice plate impeller 411 ensures the gas content of the lower half shaft in the countercurrent mineralization cylinder 3 through its second slot 412 and rotational action, ensuring that the air can be effectively dispersed into the slurry, thereby forming the bubbles required for flotation. The stable disturbance of the bubble diffuser 46 ensures that the bubbles can be evenly distributed in the slurry and fully contact with the mineral particles, thereby improving the mineralization effect.

[0079] Step 3: Concentrate enrichment.

[0080] The strong water-adaptability of fine particles, combined with the hydraulic force of slurry injected into the cylinder, radially lifts mineralized bubbles, allowing them to pass over the flotation inner cylinder 2, recovering the fine particles and ultimately exiting the flotation cylinder 1 through the concentrate discharge port 17. The disruptive action of the bubble diffuser 46 also contributes to this process. The conical bottom and the impeller on the drive shaft 41 form an internal circulation system, capturing unmineralized particles and transporting them to the countercurrent mineralization area. Tailings particles, under the influence of gravity and the flow field, settle to the conical bottom and are discharged through the tailings discharge port 14.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pulsating microbubble flotation device suitable for refractory minerals, characterized in that: The invention comprises a flotation cylinder (1), a flotation inner cylinder (2) and a countercurrent mineralization cylinder (3) which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. The lower ends of the flotation inner cylinder (2) and the countercurrent mineralization cylinder (3) are both trumpet-shaped structures. The lower end of the flotation inner cylinder (2) is connected to the inner wall of the flotation cylinder (1). The lower end of the countercurrent mineralization cylinder (3) and the lower end of the flotation inner cylinder (2) form an inclined feeding cavity (11). The lower end of the flotation cylinder (1) is provided with a slurry feeding port (12), and the slurry feeding port (12) is arranged opposite to the inclined feeding cavity (11).

2. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular partition plate (13) is provided in the flotation cylinder (1), and the annular partition plate (13) is provided below the countercurrent mineralization cylinder (3).

3. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flotation inner cylinder (2) comprises a first column section (21) and a first conical section (22), the upper end of the first conical section (22) being connected to the lower end of the first column section (21), and the lower end of the first conical section (22) being connected to the inner wall of the flotation cylinder body (1).

4. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to claim 3, characterized in that: The countercurrent mineralization cylinder (3) comprises a second cylindrical section (31) and a second conical section (32), the upper end of the second conical section (32) being connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical section (31), and the lower end of the second conical section (32) being connected to the annular partition plate (13).

5. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the second column section (31) is located below the top of the first column section (21).

6. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to claim 4, characterized in that: A concentrate enrichment chamber (16) is provided between the first column section (21) and the inner wall of the flotation cylinder (1), and the flotation cylinder (1) is provided with a concentrate discharge port (17) communicating with the concentrate enrichment chamber (16).

7. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: A tailings collecting chamber (15) is provided below the annular partition plate (13), and the flotation cylinder (1) is provided with a tailings discharge port (14) communicating with the tailings collecting chamber (15).

8. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: Inclined guide vanes (311) are provided in the second column section (31), and the inclined guide vanes (311) are provided in at least two layers along the height direction of the second column section (31).

9. The pulsating microbubble flotation device for refractory minerals according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inclined guide plate (311) is provided with a first slot hole (312).

10. A pulsating microbubble flotation method, characterized in that: The microbubble flotation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to float minerals.

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