Multi-dimensional follow-up variable-stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-dimensional follow-up variable-rigidity vertical cylinder type tensile device which comprises a vertical cylinder mechanism, a first hinge pull rod assembly, a second hinge pull rod assembly and a buffer reset mechanism. A cavity is formed in the vertical cylinder mechanism, the vertical cylinder mechanism is a first panel which is arranged oppositely, and first through holes which are correspondingly formed are formed in the second panel; one end of the first hinge pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole formed in the first panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism and is in sliding fit with the cavity; the second hinge pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole formed in the second panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism and is fixed to the second panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism. An upper end plate is arranged at the end, extending into the cavity, of the first hinge pull rod assembly. The buffer reset mechanism is arranged in the cavity and is supported by the upper end plate; an initial gap is reserved between the end face, close to the first panel, of the buffer reset mechanism and the inner side face of the first panel. When the first hinged pull rod assembly moves in the axis direction relative to the vertical cylinder mechanism, the first hinged pull rod assembly drives the buffer reset mechanism to move. The tensile device has the advantages of being convenient to install and excellent in tensile property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device and a design method thereof, belonging to the technical field of engineering earthquake resistance. Background Art

[0002] Seismic isolation technology refers to the process of extending the natural vibration period of a structure by installing seismic isolation devices at the bottom or middle floors of the structure, thereby weakening the seismic energy transmitted from the base to the upper structure, so as to more effectively protect the building structure and indoor equipment.

[0003] Currently commonly used isolation devices, such as laminated rubber isolation bearings and friction pendulum isolation bearings, all have the problem of serious lack of tensile strength and cannot prevent the structure from overturning and damage. Therefore, the commonly used isolation bearings are improved and a tensile isolation system is designed. For example, in actual projects, a vertically constrained reinforced tensile isolation system is often used. The vertically constrained reinforced tensile isolation system connects the tensile device and the isolation bearing in parallel to share the tensile force of the isolation bearing. Since the tensile stiffness of the tensile device is much greater than that of the isolation bearing, when the isolation bearing undergoes tensile deformation, most of the tensile force of the isolation bearing will be borne by the tensile device. However, the vertically constrained reinforced tensile bearing cannot decouple the vertical tensile structure from the horizontal deformation, which will affect the original horizontal isolation performance of the bearing when it is tensile. In addition, the bearing structure is complex and requires high installation space, which leads to an excessively large pier area and increased construction costs.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device and a design method thereof which is easy to install and has excellent tensile performance.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device, comprising:

[0008] A vertical cylinder mechanism, wherein a cavity is formed inside the vertical cylinder mechanism and the vertical cylinder mechanism has a first panel and a second panel that are oppositely arranged and provided with correspondingly arranged first through holes;

[0009] An articulated pull rod mechanism, comprising a first articulated pull rod assembly and a second articulated pull rod assembly; one end of the first articulated pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole provided in the first panel of the vertical tube mechanism and slides in engagement with the cavity; the second articulated pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole provided in the second panel of the vertical tube mechanism and is fixed to the second panel of the vertical tube mechanism; an upper end plate 10 is provided at the end of the first articulated pull rod assembly extending into the cavity;

[0010] a buffering and restoring mechanism, the buffering and restoring mechanism being arranged in the cavity and supported by the upper end plate 10;

[0011] An initial gap is reserved between the end surface of the buffer reset mechanism close to the first panel and the inner surface of the first panel; when the first articulated pull rod assembly is displaced in the axial direction relative to the vertical tube mechanism, the first articulated pull rod assembly drives the buffer reset mechanism to displace.

[0012] Furthermore, the vertical cylinder mechanism includes an upper sleeve 5 and a lower sleeve 7, the upper sleeve 5 is a cylindrical structure with one end open and the closed end opposite to the open end is a first panel, the lower sleeve 7 is a cylindrical structure with one end open and the closed end opposite to the open end is a second panel; the open end of the upper sleeve 5 extends into the lower sleeve 7 from the open end of the lower sleeve 7 and the two are detachably connected.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical cylinder mechanism also includes a guide reinforcement component, which is installed on the first panel of the upper sleeve 5 away from the end surface of the lower sleeve 7, and / or installed on the second panel of the lower sleeve 7 away from the end surface of the upper sleeve 5.

[0014] Furthermore, the guide reinforcement assembly includes a sleeve 3 and a stiffening rib 4; the sleeve 3 is provided with a central through hole arranged in communication with the first through hole; one end of the sleeve 3 is vertically mounted on the first panel of the upper sleeve 5 away from an end face of the lower sleeve 7, and / or, the second panel of the lower sleeve 7 is vertically mounted away from an end face of the upper sleeve 5; a stiffening rib 4 is provided between the outer periphery of the sleeve 3 and the vertical cylinder mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the first articulated rod assembly includes an upper rod 2 and a first ball joint 1; one end of the upper rod 2 extends into the cavity from the first through hole of the first panel, and the upper end plate 10 provided at the end of the upper rod 2 extending into the cavity is adapted to the shape and size of the cavity of the vertical cylinder mechanism; the end of the upper rod 2 extending from the cavity is provided with a first ball joint 1.

[0016] Furthermore, the second articulated pull rod assembly includes a lower pull rod 8 and a second ball joint 1; one end of the lower pull rod 8 extends into the cavity from the first through hole of the second panel, and the lower end plate 11 provided at the end of the lower pull rod 8 extending into the cavity is fixedly connected to the panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism; the end of the lower pull rod 8 extending from the cavity is provided with a second ball joint 1.

[0017] Furthermore, the buffer reset mechanism includes one or more disc spring groups 9 .

[0018] Furthermore, one disc spring group 9 is composed of multiple disc springs arranged in a stacked manner or a single disc spring; if there are multiple groups, any two adjacent disc spring groups 9 are arranged in a matched manner.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a design method for a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device is provided, comprising:

[0020] S1. Determine the material, geometric dimensions, and performance parameters of the disc spring used in the buffer reset mechanism of the multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device;

[0021] S2. Determine the materials, geometric dimensions, and performance parameters of each component in the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device except for the disc spring;

[0022] S3. Performing a preset bearing capacity test on the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device of the preset configuration according to S1 and S2;

[0023] S4. Determine the initial gap, tensile stiffness, ultimate compression deformation of the disc spring group, and axial load borne by the tensile device required for the isolation layer of the target frame structure through finite element analysis; determine the combination of disc springs based on the finite element analysis results.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] First, the multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device provided by the present invention achieves superior tensile performance of the device through the synergistic effect of the hinged pull rod mechanism and the buffer reset mechanism. Its core working mechanism includes two key features: First, the hinged design of the upper and lower pull rod ends gives the device multi-dimensional follow-up ability, so that the device can adapt to the multi-directional displacement of the seismic isolation support and produce complex deformation. Secondly, the reserved gap between the disc spring group and the first panel of the upper sleeve, the nonlinear stiffness of the disc spring group itself, the friction effect between the conical surfaces, and the follow-up change of the angle between the tensile device and the ground form a unique variable stiffness mechanism of the present invention. When the horizontal displacement of the support increases, the tensile device causes the axial stiffness of the disc spring group to increase in the horizontal direction through changes in the geometric configuration, the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the disc spring group itself, and the friction energy dissipation between the conical surfaces, thereby effectively limiting the maximum horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation support. The initial reserved gap between the disc spring group and the upper sleeve panel ensures that the tensile device does not affect the original horizontal isolation performance of the isolation bearing under small and medium earthquakes, solving the problem of traditional tensile devices reducing horizontal isolation efficiency while improving the tensile capacity of the isolation device. Under large earthquakes, the tensile device uses the compression deformation of the disc spring group to adapt to the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing and share the vertical tension generated at the bearing, limiting the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing and providing horizontal restoring force for the reset of the isolation bearing. This design effectively solves the problems of reduced isolation efficiency and the impact effect of the reserved gap caused by traditional tensile devices, and achieves a dynamic balance between tensile performance and isolation efficiency through a stiffness adaptive adjustment mechanism.

[0026] Secondly, the multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device provided by the present invention has a simple structure and compact structure, which is convenient for installation and industrial promotion. It adopts a modular design concept and a simple standardized processing process. In terms of material selection, except for the core component which uses a high-performance disc spring group, the remaining components are all made of ordinary steel, which effectively reduces the manufacturing cost. The tensile device uses high-strength bolts to connect the upper sleeve and the lower sleeve into a unified whole. This design not only ensures the integrity of the structure, but also facilitates the maintenance and replacement of key components, thereby significantly reducing the repair and maintenance costs throughout the life cycle. The disc spring group, the core component of the tensile device, has significant technical advantages. It is compact in size, has high bearing capacity and stable and reliable performance. In addition, the conical friction and edge friction between the disc springs give the tensile device unique energy dissipation characteristics, enabling it to effectively dissipate energy under seismic loads. Based on the above characteristics, the tensile device has the comprehensive advantages of excellent tensile performance stability, structural simplicity, spatial compactness and economic practicality, and has broad prospects for engineering application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is an isometric diagram of the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2This is a schematic front view of the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a left side schematic diagram of the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is an isometric diagram of multiple disc spring groups;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of multiple disc spring groups;

[0033] Figure 7 The stress contour diagram of all components of the tensile device with a designed bearing capacity of 100t;

[0034] Figure 8 Design stress contours of all components except the disc spring assembly for a 100t tensile device;

[0035] Figure 9 are the test and simulation values of the load-displacement curve of the single disc spring;

[0036] Figure 10 are the test and simulation values of the load-displacement curve of the tension device without disc spring group;

[0037] Figure 11 The test and simulation values of the load-displacement curves of the tensile device of one group of single disc springs and three groups of clasped disc springs;

[0038] Figure 12 The test and simulation values of the load-displacement curve of the tensile device using two sets of overlapping disc springs;

[0039] The numbers in the figure are: 1-ball joint, 2-upper tie rod, 3-sleeve, 4-stiffening rib, 5-upper sleeve, 6-high-strength bolt, 7-lower sleeve, 8-lower tie rod, 9-disc spring group, 10-upper end plate, 11-lower end plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in any way.

[0041] Example 1: Figures 1-12 As shown, according to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device is provided, comprising:

[0042] A vertical cylinder mechanism, wherein a cavity is formed inside the vertical cylinder mechanism and the vertical cylinder mechanism has a first panel and a second panel that are oppositely arranged and provided with correspondingly arranged first through holes;

[0043] An articulated pull rod mechanism, comprising a first articulated pull rod assembly and a second articulated pull rod assembly; one end of the first articulated pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole provided in the first panel of the vertical tube mechanism and slides in engagement with the cavity; the second articulated pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole provided in the second panel of the vertical tube mechanism and is fixed to the second panel of the vertical tube mechanism; an upper end plate 10 is provided at the end of the first articulated pull rod assembly extending into the cavity;

[0044] a buffering and restoring mechanism, the buffering and restoring mechanism being arranged in the cavity and supported by the upper end plate 10;

[0045] An initial gap is reserved between the end surface of the buffer reset mechanism close to the first panel and the inner surface of the first panel; when the first articulated pull rod assembly is displaced in the axial direction relative to the vertical tube mechanism, the first articulated pull rod assembly drives the buffer reset mechanism to displace.

[0046] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the vertical cylinder mechanism includes an upper sleeve 5 and a lower sleeve 7. The upper sleeve 5 is a cylindrical structure with an open end and the closed end opposite to the open end is a first panel. The lower sleeve 7 is a cylindrical structure with an open end and the closed end opposite to the open end is a second panel. The open end of the upper sleeve 5 extends into the lower sleeve 7 from the open end of the lower sleeve 7 and the two are detachably connected.

[0047] Exemplarily, the upper sleeve 5 and the lower sleeve 7 are both cylindrical structures with one end open, and specifically include: a cylinder with two ends open and a panel installed on one side of the cylinder (the panel of the upper sleeve 5 serves as the first panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism, and the panel of the lower sleeve 7 serves as the second panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism); the open end of the upper sleeve 5 extends into the open end of the lower sleeve 7, so that the upper sleeve 5 and the inner side surface of the cylinder of the lower sleeve 7 and the top surface of the second panel are in a first state of mutual contact; when the upper sleeve 5 and the inner side surface of the cylinder of the lower sleeve 7 and the top surface of the second panel are in the first state, the open ends of the upper sleeve 5 and the lower sleeve 7 are connected by high-strength bolts 6.

[0048] Furthermore, the vertical cylinder mechanism also includes a guide reinforcement component, which is installed on the first panel of the upper sleeve 5 away from the end surface of the lower sleeve 7, and / or installed on the second panel of the lower sleeve 7 away from the end surface of the upper sleeve 5.

[0049] Furthermore, the guide reinforcement assembly includes a sleeve 3 and a stiffening rib 4; the sleeve 3 is provided with a central through hole and is arranged in communication with the through hole; one end of the sleeve 3 is vertically mounted on the first panel of the upper sleeve 5 away from an end face of the lower sleeve 7, and / or, the second panel of the lower sleeve 7 is vertically mounted away from an end face of the upper sleeve 5; a stiffening rib 4 is provided between the outer periphery of the sleeve 3 and the vertical cylinder mechanism.

[0050] For example, Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the first panel of the upper sleeve 5 away from the end face of the lower sleeve 7 and the second panel of the lower sleeve 7 away from the end face of the upper sleeve 5 are both provided with a guide reinforcement component, that is, a sleeve and 8 stiffening ribs are welded on the opposite sides of the first panel and the second panel for reinforcement to solve the stress concentration problem of the first and second panels and prevent excessive deformation from affecting the overall mechanical properties of the device.

[0051] By applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that the enclosed space formed by the upper sleeve 5 and the lower sleeve 7 provides a good guiding effect for the buffer reset mechanism, thereby ensuring the stability of the mechanical properties of the device. The high-strength bolts 6 connect the upper sleeve 5 and the lower sleeve 7 together to form a whole, which is convenient for the maintenance and replacement of parts in the device. The first panel of the upper sleeve and the second panel of the lower sleeve are reinforced by welding a sleeve and 8 stiffening ribs to solve the stress concentration problem of the first panel and the second panel and prevent excessive deformation from affecting the overall mechanical properties of the device; at the same time, the sleeve 3 limits the radial displacement of the pull rod to ensure that its force direction is always consistent with the central axis of the device, thereby maintaining the tensile stability and load-bearing efficiency of the device.

[0052] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the first articulated rod assembly includes an upper rod 2 and a first ball joint 1; one end of the upper rod 2 extends into the cavity from the through hole of the first panel, and the upper end plate 10 provided at the end of the upper rod 2 extending into the cavity is adapted to the shape and size of the cavity of the vertical cylinder mechanism; the first ball joint 1 is provided at the end of the upper rod 2 extending from the cavity.

[0053] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, the second articulated pull rod assembly includes a lower pull rod 8 and a second ball joint 1; one end of the lower pull rod 8 extends into the cavity from the through hole of the second panel, and the lower end plate 11 provided at the end of the lower pull rod 8 extending into the cavity is fixedly connected to the panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism; the second ball joint 1 is provided at the end of the lower pull rod 8 extending from the cavity.

[0054] By applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that the upper pull rod 2 passes through the first panel and sleeve 3 of the upper sleeve 5 and is then hingedly connected to the upper structure through the first ball joint 1, and the vertical tension generated by the upper structure at the support is transmitted to the entire device. The upper end plate 10 is fixed to the end of the upper pull rod 2 to provide stable support conditions for the disc spring group 9; the lower end plate 11 is welded to the second panel of the lower sleeve 7 to support the weight of the device itself, and the lower pull rod 8 is fixed to the lower end plate 11, and passes through the second panel and sleeve 3 of the lower sleeve 7 and is then hingedly connected to the foundation through the second ball joint 1, and at the same time transmits the vertical tension generated by the upper structure at the support to the foundation.

[0055] Furthermore, if Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the buffer reset mechanism includes one or more disc spring groups 9; one disc spring group 9 is composed of multiple disc springs arranged in a stacked manner or a single disc spring; if there are multiple groups, any two adjacent disc spring groups 9 are arranged in a matched manner.

[0056] Application of the above technical solution shows that the buffer reset mechanism is composed of a stacked and aligned disc spring group 9. The disc spring group is stacked between the upper end plate 10 and the first panel of the upper sleeve, and an initial gap is reserved between the disc spring group and the inner side of the first panel of the upper sleeve. This reserved initial gap enables the device to achieve the original horizontal seismic isolation performance of the support without affecting it under small and medium earthquakes. When the device is subjected to tension under large earthquakes, the disc spring compression deformation can adapt to the horizontal displacement of the support and play a buffering and energy absorption role, limiting the horizontal displacement of the isolation layer and providing a horizontal restoring force for the reset of the isolation layer.

[0057] By using the multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device provided by the present invention in parallel with the isolation support, a vertical constraint reinforced tensile isolation system is constructed and installed in the isolation layer of the building structure. The multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device provided by the present invention achieves excellent tensile performance through the synergistic effect of the articulated pull rod mechanism and the buffer reset mechanism. Its core working mechanism includes two key features: First, the upper and lower pull rod ends give the device multi-dimensional follow-up ability through ball joints, so that the tensile device can adapt to the multi-directional displacement of the isolation support and produce complex deformation. Secondly, the reserved gap between the disc spring group and the panel of the upper sleeve 5, the nonlinear stiffness of the disc spring group itself, the friction effect between the conical surfaces of the disc spring group, and the follow-up change of the angle between the tensile device and the ground (foundation) form a unique variable stiffness mechanism of the device of the present invention. When the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing increases, the tensile device causes the axial stiffness of the disc spring group to increase in the horizontal direction through changes in the geometric configuration, the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the disc spring group itself, and the friction energy dissipation between the conical surfaces, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively limiting the maximum horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing. The initial reserved gap between the disc spring group and the panel of the upper sleeve 5 can ensure that the tensile device does not affect the original horizontal isolation performance of the isolation bearing under small and medium earthquakes, solving the problem that traditional tensile devices reduce the horizontal isolation efficiency while improving the tensile capacity of the isolation device. Under large earthquakes, the tensile device uses the compression deformation of the disc spring group to adapt to the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing and share the vertical tension generated at the bearing, limiting the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing and providing horizontal restoring force for the reset of the isolation bearing. This design effectively solves the problem of reduced isolation efficiency and reserved gap impact effect of traditional tensile devices, and achieves a dynamic balance between tensile performance and isolation efficiency through the stiffness adaptive adjustment mechanism. According to the working principle of the device, its working state can be divided into the following stages:

[0058] Phase 1: The tension device reserves an initial gap between the disc spring group and the panel of the upper sleeve 5 (i.e., the minimum vertical distance between the end face of the buffer reset mechanism close to the first panel and the inner side face of the first panel is greater than 0). When the horizontal excitation is small (such as strong winds or small to medium earthquakes, which are defense and frequent earthquakes), the horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation bearing is small, and the axial elongation of the tension device is less than the initial gap, so that the tension device is in a non-working state (the non-working state means that the disc spring group in the buffer reset mechanism is in a non-compressed state), providing a small horizontal stiffness. At this time, the presence of the tension device does not affect the horizontal seismic isolation performance of the seismic isolation bearing.

[0059] The second stage: With the increase of horizontal excitation (such as strong earthquakes or major earthquakes, that is, rare earthquakes), the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing increases significantly. When the displacement reaches a certain threshold, the axial elongation of the tensile device exceeds the reserved initial gap, causing the disc spring group to contact the panel of the upper sleeve and begin to compress and deform, thereby causing the device to enter the working state. At this time, the tensile device can not only share the vertical tension at the isolation bearing, but also effectively limit the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing. When the axial elongation of the tensile device reaches the sum of the reserved initial gap and the maximum compression deformation of the disc spring group, its axial tensile stiffness increases sharply, which can share the vertical tension at the isolation bearing to a greater extent. It also provides greater horizontal stiffness to suppress the further increase of the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing and avoid the overall overturning of the upper structure.

[0060] Phase 3: As the horizontal excitation ceases, the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing gradually decreases, and the axial extension of the device also decreases. Under the combined action of the isolation bearing's shear deformation recovery force and the horizontal reset force provided by the device, the isolation bearing begins to return to its initial position. When the axial extension of the tensile device is less than the reserved initial gap, the tensile device ceases operation.

[0061] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a design method for a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device is provided, comprising:

[0062] S1. Determine the material, geometric dimensions, and performance parameters of the disc spring used in the buffer reset mechanism of the multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device;

[0063] S2. Determine the materials, geometric dimensions, and performance parameters of each component in the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device except for the disc spring;

[0064] S3. Performing a preset bearing capacity test on the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device of the preset configuration according to S1 and S2;

[0065] S4. Determine the initial gap, tensile stiffness, ultimate compression deformation of the disc spring group, and axial load borne by the tensile device required for the isolation layer of the target frame structure through finite element analysis; determine the combination of disc springs based on the finite element analysis results.

[0066] Through the above-mentioned design method, the combination mode of disc springs can be determined.

[0067] The design of the tensile device is further described below in combination with experimental research and finite element analysis. The present invention designs a tensile device with a bearing capacity of 100t. The disc spring group consists of a single disc spring with an inner diameter of 162mm, an outer diameter of 315mm, a thickness of 18mm, and an ultimate compression deformation of 7mm. The elastic modulus of the single disc spring is E=2.06×105 MPa, Poisson's ratio μ = 0.3, yield strength 1600 MPa, and disc spring assembly material 50CrVA. Using a 3×5 span, 11-story reinforced concrete frame structure as an example, through experimental testing, mechanical modeling, and parameter optimization, the key design parameters for the tensile device required for the seismic isolation layer of this frame structure were determined. The details are as follows:

[0068] 1. According to the design bearing capacity and strength calculation formula of the tensile device, the geometric dimensions of each component except the disc spring group are determined. Except for the disc spring group, all components are made of 45# steel, whose elastic modulus E=2.06×10 5 MPa, Poisson's ratio μ=0.3, material yield strength ≥355MPa, tensile strength>600MPa. The upper tie rod has a diameter of 100mm and a length of 507mm; the upper end plate has a diameter of 320mm and a thickness of 50mm; the upper sleeve body has an inner diameter of 320mm, an outer diameter of 360mm and a height of 462mm; the upper sleeve first panel has an inner diameter of 100mm, an outer diameter of 320mm and a thickness of 30mm; the lower sleeve body has an inner diameter of 360mm, an outer diameter of 400mm and a height of 172mm; the lower sleeve second panel has an inner diameter of 100mm, an outer diameter of 360mm and a thickness of 30mm; the lower end The plate diameter is 180mm and the thickness is 50mm; the lower pull rod diameter is 100mm and the length is 269mm; the inner diameter of the casing is 100mm, the outer diameter is 160mm, and the height is 100mm; the stiffening rib adopts an isosceles right triangle cross-section with a right-angle side length of 100mm and a thickness of 20mm; high-strength bolts use M24 friction type connection with a performance level of 10.9; the bolt holes are standard holes with a hole diameter of 26mm; the bolts are arranged in two rows along the circumference, with 10 bolts in each row, and the center spacing of the bolts is approximately 106.8mm.

[0069] 2. According to the geometric dimensions of all components except the disc spring group mentioned above, two disc springs are stacked together to form a group, and two groups of disc springs are matched. The stress cloud diagram of all components of the tensile device with a design bearing capacity of 100t is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the stress cloud diagrams of all components except the disc spring group are as follows Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that all components of the tensile device have not reached the yield strength, which shows that the bearing capacity of the disc spring group of more than two superimposed discs in the tensile device meets the design requirements.

[0070] 3. Determine the initial gap d0 = 3mm and the tensile stiffness K of the tensile device required for the frame structure isolation layer through finite element analysis. Z=12t / mm, the disc spring group's ultimate compression deformation Δ≥18mm, and the tensile device bears an axial load of 204t. According to the calculation formula for the combined disc spring stiffness and series spring stiffness in "Disc Spring" (GB / T 1972-2005), the tensile stiffness of the tensile device of the disc spring group with three discs stacked as a group and three groups of clasping disc springs is 6t / mm, and the ultimate compression deformation of the disc spring group Δ=21mm. Therefore, the tensile stiffness of the tensile device of the disc spring group with two parallel design bearing capacity of 100t, stacked as a group and three groups of clasping disc springs, is 12t / mm, and the ultimate compression deformation of the disc spring group Δ=21mm, which meets the design parameter requirements determined by finite element analysis.

[0071] In the above, the basis for determining the equivalent tensile stiffness of other configurations of the tensile device according to the calculation formula of the combined disc spring stiffness and the series spring stiffness in "Disc Spring" (GB / T 1972-2005) is: conducting mechanical performance tests and finite element analysis on tensile devices of different configurations. The specific analysis results are as follows: the test value of the equivalent stiffness of the single disc spring is 8.33t / mm, and the simulation value is 8.84t / mm (the test value is the actual product test result, and the simulation value is the finite element analysis result). The basis for determining the equivalent stiffness is as follows: Figure 9 The load-displacement curve of the single disc spring is determined by the test value and simulation value; the test value of the equivalent stiffness of the tension device without disc spring group is 22.4t / mm, and the simulation value is 25.1t / mm. Figure 10 As shown; the test results and finite element analysis results of the tensile device of "single disc spring as a group, three groups of disc springs" and "two discs stacked as a group, two groups of disc springs" are shown as follows: Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the experimental value of the equivalent stiffness of the tensile device of a group of three disc springs with a single disc spring is 2.49t / mm, and the simulation value is 2.68t / mm. The experimental value of the equivalent stiffness of the tensile device of a group of two disc springs with two disc springs stacked together is 5.88t / mm, and the simulation value is 6.10t / mm. The above analysis shows that the experimental results obtained for tensile devices constructed in various forms are mutually confirmed by the finite element analysis results. This shows that the equivalent stiffness of tensile devices with other configurations can be derived using the equivalent stiffness of a single disc spring and the equivalent stiffness of a tensile device without a disc spring group.

[0072] The multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device provided by the present invention has a simple overall structure and a compact structure, which is convenient for installation and industrial promotion. It adopts a modular design concept and a simple standardized processing process. In terms of material selection, except for the core component which uses a high-performance disc spring group, the remaining components are all made of ordinary steel, which effectively reduces the manufacturing cost. The device uses high-strength bolts to connect the upper sleeve and the lower sleeve into a unified whole. This design not only ensures the integrity of the structure, but also provides convenience for the maintenance and replacement of key components, thereby significantly reducing the repair and maintenance costs throughout the life cycle. The disc spring group, the core component of the device, has significant technical advantages. It is compact in size, has high bearing capacity and stable and reliable performance. In addition, the conical friction and edge friction between the disc springs give the device unique energy dissipation characteristics, which enables it to effectively dissipate energy under seismic loads. Based on the above characteristics, the device has the comprehensive advantages of excellent tensile performance stability, structural simplicity, spatial compactness and economic practicality, and has broad prospects for engineering application.

[0073] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device, characterized in that: include: A vertical cylinder mechanism, wherein a cavity is formed inside the vertical cylinder mechanism and the vertical cylinder mechanism has a first panel and a second panel that are oppositely arranged and provided with correspondingly arranged first through holes; An articulated pull rod mechanism, comprising a first articulated pull rod assembly and a second articulated pull rod assembly; one end of the first articulated pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole provided in a first panel of the vertical tube mechanism and is slidably engaged with the cavity; the second articulated pull rod assembly extends into the cavity through a first through hole provided in a second panel of the vertical tube mechanism and is fixed to the second panel of the vertical tube mechanism; an upper end plate (10) is provided at one end of the first articulated pull rod assembly extending into the cavity; a buffering and resetting mechanism, the buffering and resetting mechanism being arranged in the cavity and supported by the upper end plate (10); An initial gap is reserved between the end surface of the buffer reset mechanism close to the first panel and the inner surface of the first panel; when the first articulated pull rod assembly is displaced in the axial direction relative to the vertical tube mechanism, the first articulated pull rod assembly drives the buffer reset mechanism to displace.

2. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical cylinder mechanism comprises an upper sleeve (5) and a lower sleeve (7); the upper sleeve (5) is a cylindrical structure with one end open, and the closed end opposite to the open end is a first panel; the lower sleeve (7) is a cylindrical structure with one end open, and the closed end opposite to the open end is a second panel; the open end of the upper sleeve (5) extends into the lower sleeve (7) from the open end of the lower sleeve (7), and the two are detachably connected.

3. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical cylinder mechanism further comprises a guide reinforcement assembly, which is mounted on an end face of a first panel of the upper sleeve (5) away from the lower sleeve (7), and / or mounted on an end face of a second panel of the lower sleeve (7) away from the upper sleeve (5).

4. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide reinforcement component comprises a sleeve (3) and a stiffening rib (4); the sleeve (3) is provided with a central through hole and is arranged in communication with the first through hole; one end of the sleeve (3) is vertically mounted on a first panel of the upper sleeve (5) away from an end face of the lower sleeve (7), and / or, a second panel of the lower sleeve (7) is vertically mounted away from an end face of the upper sleeve (5); a stiffening rib (4) is provided between the outer periphery of the sleeve (3) and the vertical cylinder mechanism.

5. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first articulated pull rod assembly comprises an upper pull rod (2) and a first ball joint (1); one end of the upper pull rod (2) extends into the cavity from the first through hole of the first panel, and the upper end plate (10) provided at the end of the upper pull rod (2) extending into the cavity is adapted to the shape and size of the cavity of the vertical cylinder mechanism; the first ball joint (1) is provided at the end of the upper pull rod (2) extending from the cavity.

6. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second articulated pull rod assembly includes a lower pull rod (8) and a second ball joint (1); one end of the lower pull rod (8) extends into the cavity from the first through hole of the second panel, and the lower end plate (11) provided at the end of the lower pull rod (8) extending into the cavity is fixedly connected to the panel of the vertical cylinder mechanism; the end of the lower pull rod (8) extending from the cavity is provided with a second ball joint (1).

7. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer reset mechanism comprises one or more disc spring groups (9).

8. The multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder type tensile device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each disc spring assembly (9) is composed of multiple disc springs arranged in a stacked manner or a single disc spring; if there are multiple groups, any two adjacent disc spring assemblies (9) are arranged in a matched manner.

9. A design method for a multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device, characterized in that: include: S1. Determine the material, geometric dimensions, and performance parameters of the disc spring used in the buffer reset mechanism of the multi-dimensional follow-up variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device; S2. Determine the materials, geometric dimensions, and performance parameters of each component in the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device except for the disc spring; S3. Performing a preset bearing capacity test on the multi-dimensional dynamic variable stiffness vertical cylinder tensile device of the preset configuration according to S1 and S2; S4. Determine the initial gap, tensile stiffness, ultimate compression deformation of the disc spring group, and axial load of the tensile device required for the isolation layer of the target frame structure through finite element analysis; determine the combination of disc springs based on the finite element analysis results.

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