Battery power supply load circuit, perfume sprayer and load circuit control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electronic equipment, and provides a battery power supply load circuit, a perfume sprayer and a load circuit control method, the battery power supply load circuit is composed of a battery assembly, a charging switch circuit, a capacitor assembly and a load control circuit; the charging switch circuit performs on-off control on a charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly according to terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly; the capacitor assembly stores electric energy provided by the battery assembly when the charging circuit is switched on. When the charging circuit is disconnected, electric energy is provided for the load; the electric energy is recovered when the load generates the reverse electromotive force; the load control circuit transmits the electric energy to the load when the input working control signal indicates that the load starts working, and reversely transmits the reverse electromotive force generated by the load to the capacitor assembly when the input working control signal indicates that the load stops working, so that the battery power supply load circuit is beneficial to improving the cruising ability of the load; and the service life of the battery assembly is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electronic equipment, and in particular to a battery-powered load circuit, a fragrance sprayer, and a load circuit control method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology, consumer electronic devices are often equipped with timer trigger functions, which use batteries to drive loads at regular intervals to achieve periodic operation of the device. For example, in air aerosol dispensers and humidifiers, the battery drives the motor at preset intervals to achieve intermittent spraying. Usually, electronic devices directly use batteries to drive the motor. However, the current required at the moment of starting the motor is large. Due to the relatively high internal resistance of dry cells, their terminal voltage drops sharply when providing high current, which may result in insufficient starting voltage and failure to start the motor. Moreover, due to the high internal resistance of the battery during high current supply, it will heat up rapidly, not only degrading battery performance, but also converting some electrical energy into heat energy, resulting in energy waste. In addition, when the battery is discharged at a high current, the voltage plummets, resulting in most of the power not being discharged. The effective capacity will be far lower than the nominal capacity when discharged at a low current. The battery capacity utilization rate is very low, and battery replacement is very frequent, which leads to problems such as poor battery life in actual applications.

[0003] In order to solve the battery drive problem, the existing solution uses a boost voltage regulator circuit to ensure the voltage output by the battery to the motor, or connects a capacitor component in parallel between the battery and the load. The capacitor component is charged by the battery, and the supercapacitor stores electrical energy and discharges it to provide instantaneous large current to the load. For example, in the patent document with publication number CN214314683U, a switch is set in the load and power supply circuit in the existing solution, and the switch is controlled by the controller according to the triggering situation of the controller. When the load is working, the battery and the capacitor jointly power the load. Among them, in the existing solution, the battery continuously supplies power to the capacitor circuit, which will cause the capacitor to overcharge and leak, and continuously consume battery power. In addition, in scenarios where the load is a motor or other load that can generate back electromotive force, the energy generated by the load cannot be recovered. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery-powered load circuit, a fragrance sprayer and a load circuit control method.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a battery-powered load circuit, which consists of a battery component, a charging switch circuit, a capacitor component and a load control circuit; the charging switch circuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component according to the terminal voltage input of the capacitor component; the capacitor component stores the electric energy provided by the battery component when the charging circuit is turned on; provides electric energy for the operation of the load when the charging circuit is disconnected; and recovers electric energy when the load generates a reverse electromotive force; the load control circuit transmits electric energy to the load when the input working control signal indicates that the load starts working; and reversely transmits the reverse electromotive force generated by the load to the capacitor component when the input working control signal indicates that the load stops working.

[0006] As can be seen from the above, the present application utilizes the energy storage advantage of the capacitor assembly to carry out power transfer. The battery assembly can charge the capacitor assembly at a low voltage, and the capacitor assembly can discharge to provide instantaneous high current to the load, overcoming the problem that the internal resistance of the battery assembly is relatively high and the high current power supply cannot drive the load, thereby improving the endurance of the battery-powered load circuit for the load. Moreover, the internal resistance of the capacitor assembly is small, and even if the battery assembly has less remaining power and lower voltage, it can still transmit electrical energy to the capacitor assembly, which is conducive to improving the capacity utilization of the battery assembly and completely consuming the electrical energy of the battery assembly. In addition, the present application utilizes the self-generating effect of the load, and the capacitor assembly recycles electrical energy when the load generates reverse electromotive force, saving the output of the battery assembly electrical energy.

[0007] Moreover, the charging switch circuit of the present application controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly according to the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly. Controlling the charging of the capacitor assembly through the charging switch circuit is beneficial to avoid overcharging and leakage of the capacitor, thereby saving the energy consumption of the battery assembly; moreover, the electrical energy of the battery assembly is stored in the capacitor when the charging circuit is turned on, and when the charging circuit is disconnected, only the capacitor assembly provides electrical energy for the load. When the capacitor assembly stores sufficient electrical energy, the charging circuit is not conductive, which is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption of the battery assembly by the charging circuit.

[0008] The present invention directly connects the capacitor assembly to the load control circuit, providing a circuit design that allows for rapid response to load operation. This design utilizes the low-voltage, low-current characteristics of the battery assembly. Even when the load generates a reverse electromotive force during the battery assembly charging process, the battery assembly and the load simultaneously provide electrical energy to the capacitor assembly. The battery assembly current has little impact on the capacitor assembly, and there is no instantaneous high current impact on the capacitor assembly. Furthermore, because the internal resistance of the capacitor assembly is smaller than that of the battery, more recovered energy is input into the capacitor assembly. Even when the charging switch circuit is open during the recovery process, this circuit helps reduce the impact on the battery assembly. Furthermore, the direct connection between the capacitor assembly and the load control circuit allows the capacitor assembly to promptly recover energy when the load generates a reverse electromotive force. Furthermore, the load control circuit transmits energy based on a working control signal, primarily for energy transmission. This reduces the amount of energy provided to the load and the energy generated by the load being consumed by complex logic devices, thereby improving energy recovery and efficiency and further saving energy consumption in the battery assembly. Furthermore, during the battery assembly charging process, even if the load starts working and the battery assembly voltage drops, the capacitor assembly can promptly respond and provide voltage, ensuring stable and reliable operation of the control circuit.

[0009] Furthermore, on the basis of ensuring the stability and reliability of the control circuit operation process, it is only necessary to control the charging of the capacitor component through the charging switch circuit, without the need for complex control components or controllers. The overall circuit structure and connection design of the control circuit are simple and the cost is low. Moreover, when the capacitor component does not need to be charged, the battery component path is disconnected, and the electrical energy of the battery component will not be consumed by the circuit. During the operation of the control circuit, the simple circuit structure and connection, and the lack of power consumption of large current components can better save the power consumption caused by electronic devices during the operation of the control circuit, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the battery component.

[0010] In summary, the battery-powered load circuit of the present application is beneficial to improving the endurance of the load, and the battery-powered load circuit is beneficial to saving the consumption of battery component power and improving the service life of the battery component.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the charging switch circuit includes a supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit and a switch control subcircuit; the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit inputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component and outputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component to the switch control subcircuit after voltage division; the switch control subcircuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component based on the output voltage of the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit.

[0012] From the above, it can be seen that the present application uses a supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit to divide and convert the terminal voltage of the capacitor component, and then provides it to the switch control subcircuit to control the on and off of the charging circuit. Among them, the conversion of the terminal voltage of the capacitor component is realized by a simple voltage division method, the circuit processing is simple, and the circuit structure is simplified; and after the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is used for voltage division, a lower voltage can be input to the switch control subcircuit. Compared with directly providing the terminal voltage of the capacitor component with a higher voltage, the switch control subcircuit has more selectivity in device parameters when selecting circuit devices, and often simple circuit devices can withstand a lower input voltage. The low voltage input is conducive to selecting simpler circuit devices to realize functions and simplify the circuit structure of the switch control subcircuit.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is a single-ended voltage divider subcircuit with a first voltage divider ratio, which outputs the first voltage after the terminal voltage of the capacitor component is divided by the first voltage divider ratio to the switch control subcircuit; when the input first voltage is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the switch control subcircuit disconnects the charging circuit from the battery component to the capacitor component; when the input first voltage is less than the voltage threshold, the switch control subcircuit turns on the charging circuit from the battery component to the capacitor component.

[0014] As can be seen from the above, the present application divides the terminal voltage of the capacitor component and inputs it into the switch control sub-circuit. According to the size of the first voltage and the on-voltage threshold of the switch control circuit, the switch control sub-circuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component. The on-off control of the charging circuit is achieved based on the voltage division conversion processing of the terminal voltage of the capacitor component by the single-ended voltage divider sub-circuit and the on-off characteristics of the device itself in the switch control sub-circuit. Compared with the design of maintaining a stable voltage continuous input with a fixed reference voltage threshold, the circuit structure of the present application is simple in design and does not require complex control chips or modules, which is beneficial to reducing the additional power consumption of the battery component, reducing circuit costs and circuit power consumption, and further improving the service life of the battery component. Moreover, the present application does not require complex control logic, and the circuit responds in a timely manner.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is a two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit, and the voltage divider parameters of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit include a second voltage divider ratio and a third voltage divider ratio, wherein the second voltage divider ratio is greater than the third voltage divider ratio; when the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the switch control subcircuit disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and outputs a first feedback voltage to the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit, so that the voltage divider parameter of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit is switched to the second voltage divider ratio, and the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly by the second voltage divider ratio and outputs it to the switch control subcircuit; when the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit is less than the voltage threshold, the switch control subcircuit turns on the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and outputs a second feedback voltage to the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit, so that the voltage divider parameter of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit is switched to the third voltage divider ratio, and the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly by the third voltage divider ratio and outputs it to the switch control subcircuit.

[0016] As can be seen from the above, by setting the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider sub-circuit as a two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit with two voltage divider ratios, and by switching the voltage divider parameters of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit and coordinating with the fixed voltage threshold of the charging switch circuit, the switch control sub-circuit realizes different thresholds for on-off control of the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component, thereby preventing the terminal voltage fluctuation of the capacitor component from causing frequent switching of the on-off control of the switch control sub-circuit, thereby improving the robustness and stability of the load circuit; moreover, in the present application, the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit inputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component into the switch control sub-circuit at a lower voltage after voltage division. Compared with directly providing the terminal voltage of the capacitor component with a higher voltage, the switch control sub-circuit has more selectivity in device parameters when selecting circuit devices, and often simple circuit devices can withstand lower input voltages. Low voltage input is conducive to selecting simpler circuit devices to implement functions and simplifying the circuit structure of the switch control sub-circuit. In one possible implementation, the single-ended voltage divider subcircuit includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series, and a first voltage is output from a connection point between the first resistor and the second resistor; the switch control subcircuit includes an input control device and a charging circuit control device, the feedback end of the input control device is connected to the battery assembly and the charging circuit control device, the charging circuit control device is provided on the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and the charging circuit control device performs on-off control according to the voltage of the input feedback end; when the first voltage input by the input control device is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to the on state, so that the voltage at the feedback end is switched to the first feedback voltage, the first feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is less than the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device, and the charging circuit control device disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly; when the first voltage input by the input control device is less than the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to the off state, so that the voltage at the feedback end is switched to the second feedback voltage, the second feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is greater than or equal to the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device, and the charging circuit control device turns on the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly.

[0017] As can be seen from the above, the present application realizes the switch control subcircuit through the joint action of a single-ended voltage divider subcircuit composed of a voltage divider resistor and a switch control subcircuit including an input control device and a charging circuit control device, and realizes voltage division conversion with simple circuit devices and circuit structures (composed of two voltage divider resistors), avoiding the power consumption generated by more complex voltage conversion devices or circuits composed of more circuit devices, which is conducive to better saving the power consumption of the load circuit. In addition, the on-off characteristics of the input control device and the charging circuit control device are used to cooperate with each other to realize the on-off control of the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component by the switch control subcircuit. Compared with the control using the reference voltage as the threshold, the present application is realized through a simple, low-cost, low-power circuit structure, without the need for high-power circuits such as a control chip or a voltage regulator module, and the battery component does not need to be continuously powered, which is conducive to saving the power consumption of the battery component and further improving the service life of the battery component.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit includes a resistor subcircuit and a switching device, the switch control subcircuit includes an input control device and a charging circuit control device, the feedback end of the input control device is connected to the battery assembly, the charging circuit control device and the switching device, the charging circuit control device is provided on the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and the charging circuit control device performs on-off control according to the voltage of the input feedback end; the switching device switches the voltage dividing parameter of the resistor subcircuit between a second voltage dividing ratio and a third voltage dividing ratio according to the voltage of the input feedback end of the input control device; when the output voltage of the resistor subcircuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to the on state, so that the voltage of the feedback end is switched to the first feedback voltage, the first feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is less than the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device, and the charging circuit control device disconnects the battery assembly from supplying the capacitor assembly. The charging circuit is characterized in that the switching device switches to a first on-off state according to an input first feedback voltage, so that the voltage division parameter of the resistor subcircuit is switched to a second voltage division ratio, and the resistor subcircuit divides the terminal voltage of the input capacitor component by the second voltage division ratio and outputs it to the input control device; when the output voltage of the resistor subcircuit is less than the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to a conductive state, so that the voltage at the feedback terminal is switched to the second feedback voltage, the second feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is greater than or equal to the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device, the charging circuit control device turns on the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component, and the switching device switches to a second on-off state according to the input second feedback voltage, wherein the second on-off state is opposite to the first on-off state, so that the voltage division parameter of the resistor subcircuit is switched to a third voltage division ratio, and the resistor subcircuit divides the terminal voltage of the input capacitor component by the third voltage division ratio and outputs it to the input control device.

[0019] As can be seen from the above, the dual-threshold implementation of the switch control subcircuit of the present application for on-off control of the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly is based on a two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit composed of resistors and switching devices and a switch control subcircuit including an input control device and a charging circuit control device. Specifically, the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit capable of switching voltage divider parameters (switching between the second voltage divider ratio and the third voltage divider ratio) is implemented using four voltage divider resistors and a simple switching device. The switching of voltage parameters is achieved with fewer devices and a simplified circuit structure. Switching between different voltage divider parameters can be achieved without introducing complex logic devices, which helps reduce the energy consumption caused by excessive devices. In addition, the on-off characteristics of the input control device, the charging circuit control device, and the switching device cooperate with each other to achieve on-off control of the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly and switching between the first voltage divider ratio and the second voltage divider ratio of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit in different on-off states. The simple circuit structures between the subcircuits cooperate with each other to achieve the complex function of dual-threshold control. The circuit structure has a low cost and a simple circuit structure, which helps further reduce the circuit's energy consumption of the battery assembly and improve the service life of the battery assembly.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the switch control subcircuit includes a diode provided on the charging circuit, which conducts the electric energy provided by the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly and blocks the transmission of the reverse electromotive force electric energy to the battery assembly.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the capacitor component is composed of one capacitor or multiple capacitors connected in parallel. When the capacitor component is composed of multiple capacitors connected in parallel, the parameters of the multiple capacitors connected in parallel are the same.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the load control circuit includes an H-bridge circuit, which transmits electrical energy to the load through the H-bridge circuit when the input working control signal instructs the load to start working, and transmits electrical energy to the load to generate a reverse electromotive force in the reverse direction to the capacitor component through the H-bridge circuit when the input working control signal instructs the load to stop working; wherein the H-bridge circuit is composed of four MOS tubes.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a fragrance sprayer, comprising a battery-powered load circuit and a motor as in the first aspect, wherein the battery-powered load circuit drives the motor to operate, and the operation of the motor causes the liquid in the fragrance sprayer to be sprayed out.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present application provides a load circuit control method for a battery-powered load circuit, the battery-powered load circuit consisting of a battery assembly, a charging switch circuit, a capacitor assembly and a load control circuit; the load circuit control method includes: the charging switch circuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly according to the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly; wherein, when the charging circuit is turned on, the capacitor assembly stores the electric energy provided by the battery assembly, and when the charging circuit is disconnected, the capacitor assembly provides electric energy for the operation of the load; the load control circuit receives an operating control signal, and transmits electric energy to the load when the operating control signal indicates that the load starts working; the load control circuit receives an operating control signal, and reversely transmits the electric energy generated by the reverse electromotive force of the load to the capacitor assembly when the operating control signal indicates that the load stops working, and recovers the electric energy through the capacitor assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a battery-powered load circuit provided in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 is a block diagram of another battery-powered load circuit provided in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a load control circuit provided in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 4 is a block diagram of a battery-powered load circuit provided in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 5 This is a circuit schematic diagram of a charging switch circuit provided in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 6 is a block diagram of a battery-powered load circuit provided in Example 3 of the present application; Figure 7 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a charging switch circuit provided in Example 3 of the present application; Figure 8 This is a block diagram of the aroma sprayer provided in Example 4 of the present application; Figure 9 This is a flow chart of the load circuit control method provided in Example 5 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery-powered load circuit according to a first embodiment of the present application. The battery-powered load circuit 100 comprises a battery assembly 110, a charging switch circuit 120, a capacitor assembly 130, and a load control circuit 140. The battery assembly 110 is connected to a first terminal of the charging switch circuit 120, and the load control circuit 140 and the capacitor assembly 130 are connected in parallel to a second terminal of the charging switch circuit 120. The above circuits are all grounded and therefore omitted from the figure. The charging switch circuit 120 controls the on-off of the charging circuit from the battery assembly 110 to the capacitor assembly 130 based on the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly 130. The capacitor assembly 130 stores the electrical energy provided by the battery assembly 110 when the charging circuit is on, provides electrical energy for the operation of the load when the charging circuit is off, and recovers electrical energy when the load generates a reverse electromotive force. The load control circuit 140 transmits electrical energy to the load (not shown) when an input operation control signal instructs the load to start operation, and transmits electrical energy to the load to generate a reverse electromotive force when an input operation control signal instructs the load to stop operation.

[0027] Specifically, the charging switch circuit 120 controls the on-off of the charging circuit from the battery component 110 to the capacitor component 130 according to the terminal voltage input of the capacitor component 130. When the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130 is lower than the charging control threshold, the charging circuit from the battery component 110 to the capacitor component 130 is turned on, and the battery component 110 starts to charge the capacitor component 130. When the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130 is higher than the power-off control threshold, the charging circuit from the battery component 110 to the capacitor component 130 is disconnected, and the battery component 110 stops charging the capacitor component 130.

[0028] The charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold may be the same or different, as will be described in detail below.

[0029] It should be noted that when the charging circuit 120 is turned on, if the working control signal input by the load control circuit 140 instructs the load (not shown in the figure) to start working, the battery component 110 provides charging power to the capacitor component 130 and also provides power for the load to work.

[0030] In this embodiment of the present application, the load is a type of load that is repeatedly started, such as a motor. When the input working control signal instructs the load to start working, the load control circuit 140 transmits electrical energy to the load to make the load work, and each time the load stops supplying power after starting, it has a self-generating effect to generate back electromotive force, such as the passive rotation of the motor and the emergency stop to generate back electromotive force, that is, when the input working control signal instructs the load to stop working, the load control circuit 140 will generate back electromotive force.

[0031] In this embodiment of the present application, the battery assembly 110 is a low-voltage dry cell or lithium battery, for example, a 3.6-volt dry cell or lithium battery, or a 5-volt dry cell or lithium battery, or a 12-volt dry cell or lithium battery, etc. In the application scenario of electronic products powered by low voltage, the general product functions are relatively simple. On the basis of realizing the functions, the circuit structure needs to be as simple as possible to save energy and avoid frequent replacement of battery components. The battery-powered load circuit of the embodiment of the present application is particularly suitable for such low-voltage power supply scenarios.

[0032] In this embodiment of the present application, the charging switch circuit 120 can divide the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130 and perform on-off control of the charging circuit based on the voltage after the voltage division conversion. Figure 2 As shown in the block diagram of another battery-powered load circuit provided in the first embodiment of the present application, the charging switch circuit 120 may include a supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit 121 and a switch control subcircuit 122; the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit 121 inputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130, and outputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130 to the switch control subcircuit 122 after voltage division; the switch control subcircuit 122 controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery component 110 to the capacitor component 130 according to the output voltage of the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit 121.

[0033] Specifically, the switch control subcircuit 122 controls the on-off of the charging circuit from the battery assembly 110 to the capacitor assembly 130 based on the relationship between the output voltage of the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 and the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122. When the output voltage of the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 is greater than the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122, the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly is disconnected; when the output voltage of the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 is less than the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122, the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly is turned on.

[0034] The voltage dividing parameter of the supercapacitor terminal voltage dividing subcircuit 121 is determined based on the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122 and the charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold of the charging switch circuit 120. This will be described in detail below.

[0035] In this embodiment of the present application, a supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is used to divide and convert the terminal voltage of the capacitor component, and then provides it to the switch control subcircuit for on-off control of the charging circuit. After the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is used for voltage division, a lower voltage can be input to the switch control subcircuit. Compared with directly providing the terminal voltage of the capacitor component with a higher voltage, the switch control subcircuit has more selectivity in device parameters when selecting circuit devices, and often simple circuit devices can withstand a lower input voltage. Low voltage input is conducive to selecting simpler circuit devices to realize functions and simplify the circuit structure of the switch control subcircuit.

[0036] Preferably, the load control circuit 140 in the first embodiment of the present application includes an H-bridge circuit. Figure 3 In this embodiment of the present application, the load control circuit 140 includes an H-bridge circuit. When an input working control signal instructs the load to start working, the H-bridge circuit transmits electric energy to the load. When an input working control signal instructs the load to stop working, the H-bridge circuit transmits the reverse electromotive force generated by the load. The working control signal instructs the load to stop working. The suspension mode may be to stop transmitting electric energy to the load and allow the load to decelerate naturally. The suspension mode may also be to stop transmitting electric energy to the load and perform emergency braking (i.e., emergency stop). The H-bridge circuit is composed of four MOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q8, and Q9.

[0037] Taking a DC motor as an example, the two terminals (M+ and M-) of the DC motor are connected to the midpoint of the H-bridge (the drain connection point of Q4 and Q8, and the drain connection point of Q5 and Q9). The H-bridge circuit is used to control the forward rotation, reverse rotation, and stop operation of the DC motor: When the input working control signal instructs the DC motor to start working, the electric energy is transmitted to the motor through the H-bridge circuit: Specifically, when the working control signal indicates that the DC motor rotates forward (that is, when MOTOR and MOTOR3 change from low level to high level), MOS tubes Q4 and Q9 are turned on, and MOS tubes Q5 and Q8 are turned off. The state at both ends of the DC motor (M+ and M-) is that M+ is at a high potential and M- is at a low potential. The current flows into the DC motor from M+ and flows out of the DC motor from M-.

[0038] When the working control signal instructs the DC motor to reverse (that is, when MOTOR1 and MOTOR2 change from low level to high level), MOS tubes Q5 and Q8 are turned on, and MOS tubes Q4 and Q9 are turned off. The state at both ends of the DC motor (M+ and M-) is that M+ is at a low potential and M- is at a high potential. The current flows into the DC motor from M- and flows out of the DC motor from M+.

[0039] When the input working control signal instructs the DC motor to stop working, the internal Zener diode of the MOS tube in the H-bridge circuit forms a rectifier bridge to transmit electric energy to the capacitor component 130 to charge the capacitor component 130.

[0040] Specifically, when the DC motor stops working (i.e., decelerating or braking) (i.e., when MOTOR and MOTOR3 change from high level to low level, or when MOTOR1 and MOTOR2 change from high level to low level), its rotor inertia causes the DC motor to become a generator, generating a reverse electromotive force (i.e., voltage polarity reversal) at both ends of the DC motor (M+ and M-).

[0041] If the DC motor is initially in a state where M+ is high and M- is low, the polarity reverses during deceleration or braking, with M- becoming high and M+ becoming low. Positive current flows from M- through the internal Zener diode of MOS transistor Q5 to the positive electrode of capacitor assembly 130, while negative current flows from M+ through the internal Zener diode of MOS transistor Q8 to the negative electrode of capacitor assembly 130, forming a closed loop.

[0042] If the initial state of the DC motor is that M- is at a high potential and M+ is at a low potential, the polarity is reversed when the DC motor decelerates or brakes, M+ becomes a high potential, and M- becomes a low potential; the positive current flows from the high potential M+ through the internal Zener diode of the MOS transistor Q4 to the positive electrode of the capacitor component 130, and the negative current flows from the low potential M- through the internal Zener diode of the MOS transistor Q9 to the negative electrode of the capacitor component 130, forming a closed loop.

[0043] In this embodiment of the present application, the internal Zener diode of the MOS tube is used to provide a discharge path for the reverse electromotive force generated by the load, thereby avoiding the reverse electromotive force overvoltage breaking down the MOS tube when the working control signal instructs the load to stop working, and can reversely transmit the electrical energy generated by the reverse electromotive force of the load to the capacitor component 130, which is beneficial to saving the power consumption of the load circuit.

[0044] Preferably, the switch control subcircuit 122 in the first embodiment of the present application may further include a diode provided on the charging circuit, which conducts the electrical energy provided by the battery assembly 110 to the capacitor assembly 130 and blocks the transmission of the back electromotive force electrical energy to the battery assembly 110. The diode can prevent the back electromotive force generated by the load from impacting the battery assembly 110, and current will not flow to the battery assembly 110, which is conducive to the capacitor assembly 130 recovering more of the back electromotive force electrical energy generated by the load, thereby improving the recovery rate of the load circuit.

[0045] In the first embodiment of the present application, capacitor assembly 130 can be composed of one capacitor or multiple capacitors in parallel. When capacitor assembly 130 is composed of multiple capacitors in parallel, the parameters of multiple capacitors in parallel are the same. The number of specific capacitor assemblies can be determined according to the current and voltage required by the load. Wherein, when the required driving voltage for the load is small, when capacitor assembly 130 adopts a capacitor to form, the accumulation of electronic devices can be reduced and the circuit structure can be simplified. If the required driving voltage for the load is large, the parameter of required capacitor assembly 130 can be large. When capacitor assembly 130 adopts multiple capacitors in parallel to form, it can provide a higher voltage upper limit, which can solve the situation that capacitor assembly 130 adopts a capacitor to form and may be unable to meet the voltage demand. In addition, when capacitor assembly 130 adopts multiple capacitors in parallel to form, if one of the capacitors fails, other capacitors can also continue to work, which is conducive to improving the stability of the entire load circuit.

[0046] In the first embodiment of the present application, the energy storage advantage of the capacitor assembly is utilized to carry out power transfer. The battery assembly can charge the capacitor assembly at a low voltage, and the capacitor assembly can discharge to provide an instantaneous large current to the load, overcoming the problem that the internal resistance of the battery assembly is relatively high and the large current power supply cannot drive the load, thereby improving the endurance of the load of the battery-powered load circuit. In addition, the internal resistance of the capacitor assembly is small, and even if the battery assembly has less remaining power and lower voltage, it can still transmit electrical energy to the capacitor assembly, which is conducive to improving the capacity utilization rate of the battery assembly and completely consuming the electrical energy of the battery assembly. In addition, the present application utilizes the self-generation effect of the load. The capacitor assembly recovers electrical energy when the load generates reverse electromotive force, saving the output of the battery assembly electrical energy.

[0047] Furthermore, the charging switch circuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly based on the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly, and timely controls the charging of the capacitor assembly based on the terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly to avoid overcharging or over-discharging of the capacitor assembly, which may lead to leakage or damage of the capacitor assembly. It can also timely cut off the charging circuit of the battery assembly, which is conducive to saving the power consumption of the battery assembly by the components in the charging switch circuit. In addition, the load control circuit 140 only conducts and transmits power to the load when the input working control signal indicates that the load starts working (that is, when the load needs to work), which is conducive to managing the power supply to the load and reducing the power consumption of the load and the load control circuit. In addition, the load control circuit 140 transmits the back electromotive force generated by the load when the input working control signal indicates that the load stops working. The capacitor assembly can recover power at any time when the load generates back electromotive force, thereby reducing the power consumption of the battery assembly.

[0048] The on-off control of the charging circuit and the load operation control are controlled separately. The on-off control of the charging circuit is performed only based on the terminal voltage of the capacitor component. The capacitor component needs to be charged before it is turned on. The charging of the capacitor component and the load operation control do not interfere with each other. It can not only deliver electric energy to the load in time, but also charge the capacitor component in time and recover electric energy when the load generates back electromotive force. This is beneficial to prevent the problem of overcharging and over-discharging of the capacitor component, and is also beneficial to reduce the waste of back electromotive force generated by the load, thereby saving electric energy of the battery component.

[0049] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the present application, the charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold can be the same. Specifically, the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122 is a fixed value, and the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 can be a single-ended voltage divider subcircuit with a first voltage divider ratio. By coordinating the fixed voltage threshold and the voltage divider parameters of the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121, the charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold are made the same, thereby realizing single-threshold on-off control of the charging circuit of the battery component 110 to the capacitor component 130. The charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold may also be different. Specifically, the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122 is a fixed value, and the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 may be a two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit having two voltage divider ratios (a second voltage divider ratio and a third voltage divider ratio). The voltage divider parameter of the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 may be switched between the second voltage divider ratio and the third voltage divider ratio based on the feedback of the switch control subcircuit 122. By setting the supercapacitor end voltage divider subcircuit 121 with switchable different voltage divider parameters and cooperating with the switch control subcircuit 122, different charging control thresholds and power-off control thresholds are achieved, thereby achieving dual-threshold on-off control of the charging circuit of the battery assembly 110 to the capacitor assembly 130.

[0050] Next, the second embodiment of the present application is described in which the charging switch circuit performs single-threshold on-off control on the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, that is, the charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold are the same: For details, see the attached Figure 4 In the second embodiment of the present application, the battery-powered load circuit 100a is composed of a battery component 110a, a charging switch circuit 120a, a capacitor component 130a and a load control circuit 140a. In this embodiment of the present application, the situation of the charging switch circuit 120a is mainly described. For the relevant introduction of other circuit parts, please refer to the first embodiment of the present application and will not be repeated here.

[0051] When the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is a single-ended voltage divider subcircuit 121a with a first voltage divider ratio, the first voltage after the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130a is divided by the first voltage divider ratio is output to the switch control subcircuit 122a; when the input first voltage is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122a, the switch control subcircuit 122a disconnects the charging circuit from the battery component 110a to the capacitor component 130a; when the input first voltage is less than the voltage threshold, the switch control subcircuit 122a turns on the charging circuit from the battery component 110a to the capacitor component 130a.

[0052] When the first voltage is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold (which can be understood as when the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130a is greater than or equal to the power-off control threshold), the charging circuit is in the disconnected state. As the capacitor component 130a discharges, the first voltage input to the switch control subcircuit 122a will float and decrease. When the first voltage drops to less than the voltage threshold (which can be understood as when the terminal voltage of the capacitor component 130 is less than the charging control threshold), it indicates that the voltage of the capacitor component 130a is insufficient. The switch control subcircuit 122a turns on the charging circuit of the battery component 110a to the capacitor component 130a, and the battery component 110a charges the capacitor component 130a. As the stored electrical energy of the capacitor component 130a increases, the first voltage increases accordingly. When the first voltage rises to greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, it indicates that the charging of the capacitor component 130a is complete. At this time, the switch control subcircuit 122a disconnects the charging circuit of the battery component 110a to the capacitor component 130a.

[0053] In the second embodiment of the present application, the first voltage divider ratio depends on the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122a and the charging control threshold / power-off control threshold of the charging switch circuit 120a. For example, the charging control threshold / power-off control threshold of the current capacitor component 130a is set to 2.5 volts, and the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122a is 0.45 volts, then the first voltage divider ratio is set to 0.18; the specific setting can be made according to actual needs.

[0054] For details, see the attached Figure 5 In this embodiment, the capacitor component 130a is composed of a capacitor C2, and the charging switch circuit 120a includes a single-ended voltage divider sub-circuit 121a and a switch control sub-circuit 122a; the single-ended voltage divider sub-circuit 121a includes a first resistor R3 and a second resistor R4 connected in series. The first voltage is output from the connection point of the first resistor R3 and the second resistor R4. The first voltage divider ratio K1 is R4 / (R3+R4). The first voltage is the product of the terminal voltage of the capacitor C2 and the first voltage divider ratio.

[0055] Among them, the first voltage dividing ratio of the single-ended voltage divider sub-circuit 121a can be changed by adjusting the resistance values of the first resistor R3 and the second resistor R4. In the second embodiment of the present application, the single-ended voltage divider sub-circuit 121a is realized by the first resistor R3 and the second resistor R4, and the voltage division conversion is realized with simple circuit devices and circuit structures (composed of two voltage dividing resistors), avoiding the power consumption generated by more complex voltage conversion devices or circuits composed of more circuit devices, which is conducive to better saving the power consumption of the load circuit.

[0056] Furthermore, the switch control subcircuit includes an input control device and a charging circuit control device. The feedback end of the input control device is connected to the battery assembly and the charging circuit control device. The charging circuit control device is arranged on the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and the charging circuit control device performs on-off control according to the feedback voltage of the input feedback end.

[0057] Specifically, in the second embodiment of the present application, the input control device can be a transistor Q3, which is an NPN type. The charging circuit control device includes a MOS transistor Q1 and a MOS transistor Q2. The MOS transistor Q1 and the MOS transistor Q2 are arranged in the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor C2. The collector of the transistor Q3 (that is, the feedback end of the input control device) is connected to the battery assembly 110a through the resistor R1, and the collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q2; the MOS transistor Q1 and the MOS transistor Q2 control the on-off state of the charging circuit based on the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3 (that is, the feedback voltage), and the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122a is the on-state voltage of the transistor Q3.

[0058] The first voltage is input from the base of the transistor Q3. When the first voltage is greater than or equal to the conduction voltage of the transistor Q3, the transistor Q3 switches to the conduction state, the collector of the transistor Q3 is grounded, and the feedback voltage of the collector of the transistor Q3 is 0 volts (i.e., the first feedback voltage). At this time, the gate voltage of the MOS transistor Q2 becomes low and is lower than the conduction voltage of the MOS transistor Q2. The MOS transistor Q2 switches to the disconnected state. The gate voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is the voltage of the battery assembly 110 divided by the resistor R2. At this time, the MOS transistor Q1 switches to the disconnected state, and the charging circuit control device disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly 110a to the capacitor C2. As the capacitor C2 discharges, the terminal voltage of the capacitor C2 will gradually decrease, and the first voltage will also decrease accordingly. When the first voltage is lower than the conduction voltage of the transistor Q3, the transistor Q3 switches to the disconnected state. At this time, the transistor The voltage at the collector of transistor Q3 is the voltage of battery assembly 110a divided by resistor R1 (i.e., the second feedback voltage). This voltage is relatively high. The second feedback voltage is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of MOS transistor Q2. MOS transistor Q2 switches to the on state, and the gate of MOS transistor Q1 is grounded. At this time, MOS transistor Q1 switches to the on state, and the charging circuit control device turns on the charging circuit of battery assembly 110a to supply capacitor C2. Battery assembly 110a provides charging energy to capacitor C2. As capacitor C2 charges, the terminal voltage of capacitor C2 gradually increases, and the first voltage also increases accordingly. When the first voltage is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of transistor Q3, transistor Q3 switches to the on state, and the voltage at the collector of transistor Q3 switches to the first feedback voltage. The charging circuit control device then turns off the charging circuit of battery assembly 110a to supply capacitor C2.

[0059] In the second embodiment of the present application, the charging switch control subcircuit 122a is composed of a simple switching device. Through the input and conduction state of the switching device, the voltage in the circuit is controlled and fed back to realize the on-off control of the charging circuit. The circuit structure of the charging switch control subcircuit 122a is simple. Moreover, the voltage input to the charging switch control subcircuit 122a after voltage division is a low voltage. A switching device with low voltage characteristics can be used, which is beneficial to reducing the power consumption of the load circuit.

[0060] In the second embodiment of the present application, the input control device is an NPN transistor Q3, preferably a switching device with a low on-state voltage parameter, such as a transistor with an on-state voltage of 0.45 volts. A switching device with a low on-state voltage parameter has a small voltage drop when on, which helps reduce circuit energy consumption. Furthermore, it can be driven and controlled with only a low voltage, which helps simplify the circuit and further reduce the energy consumption of the load circuit. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the present application, the input control device can also be another type of switching device, such as a MOS transistor or a PNP transistor. The type and parameters of the switching device are specifically designed according to the circuit requirements.

[0061] In the second embodiment of the present application, the charging circuit control device includes a MOS transistor Q1 and a MOS transistor Q2. The charging circuit control device can also be composed of other types of switching devices. The type, parameters and quantity of the switching devices are set according to specific needs.

[0062] In the second embodiment of the present application, a charging switch circuit is realized by the joint action of a single-ended voltage divider sub-circuit composed of a voltage divider resistor and a switch control sub-circuit including a switching device. The conduction characteristics of the switching device are utilized to realize the on-off control of the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component by the switch control sub-circuit. Compared with the control using the reference voltage as the threshold, the present application is realized through a simple, low-cost, low-power circuit structure, without the need for high-power circuits such as control chips or voltage regulator modules, and the battery component does not require continuous power supply, which is beneficial to saving the power consumption of the battery component and further improving the service life of the battery component.

[0063] Next, the following describes the case where the charging switch circuit in the third embodiment of the present application performs dual-threshold on-off control on the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, i.e., the charging control threshold and the power-off control threshold are different: See attached Figure 6 In the third embodiment of the present application, the battery-powered load circuit 100b is composed of a battery assembly 110b, a charging switch circuit 120b, a capacitor assembly 130b, and a load control circuit 140b. In this embodiment of the present application, the charging switch circuit 120b is mainly described. For the relevant description of other circuit components, please refer to the first embodiment of the present application and will not be repeated here. Specifically, when the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is a two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit 121b with two voltage divider ratios, the charging switch circuit 120b may also include the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit 121b and the switch control subcircuit 122b.

[0064] When the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the switch control sub-circuit 122b disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly 110b to the capacitor assembly 130b, and outputs a first feedback voltage to the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b, so that the voltage division parameter of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b is switched to a second voltage division ratio. The two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly 130b by the second voltage division ratio and outputs it to the switch control sub-circuit; when the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b is less than the voltage threshold, the switch control sub-circuit 122b turns on the charging circuit from the battery assembly 110b to the capacitor assembly 130b, and outputs a second feedback voltage to the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b, so that the voltage division parameter of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b is switched to a third voltage division ratio. The two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly 130b by the third voltage division ratio and outputs it to the switch control sub-circuit 122b.

[0065] In the third embodiment of the present application, the second voltage dividing ratio depends on the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122b and the power-off control threshold of the charging switch circuit 120b, and the third voltage dividing ratio depends on the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122b and the charging control threshold of the charging switch circuit 120b. For example, when the voltage of the capacitor component 130 drops to 2.3 volts and the charging is turned on, that is, the charging control threshold is set to 2.3 volts, the voltage of the capacitor component 130b is charged to 2.7 volts and the charging circuit is disconnected, that is, the power-off control threshold is set to 2.7 volts, and the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122b is 0.45 volt, then the second voltage dividing ratio is set to 0.45 / 2.3, and the third voltage dividing ratio is 0.45 / 2.7; this is not limited here, and can be set according to actual needs.

[0066] In the third embodiment of the present application, by setting the charging switch circuit 120b to perform dual-threshold on-off control on the charging circuit, the terminal voltage fluctuation of the capacitor component is prevented from causing frequent switching of the on-off control of the switch control subcircuit, thereby improving the robustness and stability of the load circuit.

[0067] The second and third voltage divider ratios should be designed to take into account the ranges within which the capacitor assembly 130 starts and stops charging. If the ranges within which the capacitor assembly 130b starts and stops charging are set too large, the capacitor assembly 130b may not charge in a timely manner or may take a long time to charge. This may cause a high probability that the capacitor assembly 130b is still charging when the load control circuit 140b receives an input operation control signal instructing the load to start working. If the ranges within which the capacitor assembly 130b starts and stops charging are set too narrow, this may cause the switch control subcircuit 122b to frequently switch the on and off states of the charging circuit. In the third embodiment of the present application, the charging control threshold of the capacitor assembly 130b is greater than the minimum load drive, and the power-off control threshold is less than or equal to the nominal voltage of the capacitor assembly 130b. This helps ensure the stability of the load drive. Even if the remaining energy of the battery assembly is low, the capacitor assembly can still drive the load, ensuring that the load is driven before the battery assembly is exhausted, effectively draining the battery assembly's energy. Furthermore, a reasonable power-off control threshold can prevent overcharging and leakage of the capacitor assembly, thereby avoiding energy waste in the load circuit. Preferably, in Example 3 of the present application, taking the load driving voltage of 2 volts as an example, when the nominal voltage of the capacitor component 130b is 2.7 volts, the power-off control threshold of the capacitor component is 2.55 volts, and the charging control threshold is 2.35 volts.

[0068] For details, see the attached Figure 7In this embodiment of the present application, the charging switch circuit 120b includes a two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b and a switch control sub-circuit 122b; wherein, the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b may include a resistor sub-circuit and a switch device, and the switch control sub-circuit 122b may include an input control device and a charging circuit control device. The feedback end of the input control device is connected to the battery assembly, the charging circuit control device and the switch device. The charging circuit control device is arranged on the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and the charging circuit control device performs on-off control according to the voltage of the input feedback end; the switch device switches the voltage divider parameter of the resistor sub-circuit between the second voltage divider ratio and the third voltage divider ratio according to the feedback voltage of the feedback end of the input control device.

[0069] Specifically, in the third embodiment of the present application, the capacitor assembly 130b is composed of a capacitor C2', the input control device is a transistor Q3', and the transistor Q3' is an NPN type. The charging circuit control device includes a MOS transistor Q1' and a MOS transistor Q2'. The MOS transistors Q1' and the MOS transistor Q2' are arranged in the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor C2'. The collector of the transistor Q3' (i.e., the feedback end of the input control device) is connected to the battery assembly 110b through the resistor R1', and the collector of the transistor Q3' is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q2'; the MOS transistors Q1' and the MOS transistor Q2' control the on-off state of the charging circuit based on the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3' (i.e., the voltage at the feedback end of the input control device), and the voltage threshold of the switch control subcircuit 122b is the on-state voltage of the transistor Q3'.

[0070] The two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b includes a resistor sub-circuit and a switching device Q10. The resistor sub-circuit is composed of a third resistor R3', a fourth resistor R4', a fifth resistor R11, and a sixth resistor R12. The output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b is output from the connection point of the third resistor R3', the fourth resistor R4', and the sixth resistor R12, and is input to the base of the transistor Q3'. The gate of the switching device Q10 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q3' (i.e., the feedback terminal of the input control device) and receives the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3' (i.e., the voltage at the feedback terminal of the input control device). The switching device Q10 switches the resistor sub-circuit between the second voltage divider ratio and the third voltage divider ratio based on the voltage input to the feedback terminal.

[0071] Specifically, when the output voltage of the resistor subcircuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the transistor Q3' switches to the on state, the collector of the transistor Q3' is grounded, and the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3' is 0 volts (i.e., the first feedback voltage). At this time, the first feedback voltage input by the switching device Q10 is less than the on-voltage of the switching device Q10, and the switching device Q10 switches to the off state (i.e., the first on-off state), and the resistor subcircuit switches to the second voltage divider ratio K. 2，The resistor sub-circuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor C2 ′ by a second voltage divider ratio and outputs the divided voltage to the transistor Q3 ′. At this time, the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121 b is recorded as the second voltage.

[0072] Wherein, K2=R4' / (R4'+((R3'×(R11+R12)) / (R3'+R11+R12))).

[0073] When the output voltage of the resistor sub-circuit of the transistor Q3' is less than the voltage threshold, the transistor Q3' switches to the off state, and the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3' is the voltage of the battery assembly 110b after being divided by the resistor R1 (i.e., the second feedback voltage). At this time, the second feedback voltage input by the switching device Q10 is greater than or equal to the on-voltage of the switching device Q10, and the switching device Q10 switches to the on state (i.e., the second on-off state). The resistor sub-circuit switches to the third voltage dividing ratio K3, and the resistor sub-circuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor C2' by the third voltage dividing ratio and outputs it to the transistor Q3'. At this time, the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage dividing sub-circuit 121b is recorded as the third voltage.

[0074] Where K3=R total / (R3'+R total );R total =(R4'×R12) / (R4'+R12).

[0075] In the third embodiment of the present application, the switch device Q10 is a MOS transistor. Optionally, in other embodiments of the present application, the switch device Q10 may also be a switch device with other parameters, specifically designed according to circuit requirements. A MOS transistor with a low-voltage conduction characteristic is preferred, as the circuit only needs to provide a low voltage to achieve the switching characteristic. Furthermore, a switch component with a low-voltage conduction characteristic has low power consumption, which helps reduce the power consumption of the load circuit.

[0076] In the third embodiment of the present application, a two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit 121b capable of switching voltage divider parameters (switching between the second voltage divider ratio and the third voltage divider ratio) is realized by four voltage divider resistors and a simple switching device Q10. The circuit structure of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit is simple and the connection relationship is simple. It realizes the switching of voltage parameters with fewer devices and a simplified circuit structure. It can realize the switching of different voltage divider parameters without introducing complex logic devices, which is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption caused by too many devices.

[0077] Next, the working process of the charging switch circuit 120b in the third embodiment of the present application is further described: The output voltage of the resistor sub-circuit is input from the base of the transistor Q3'. When the output voltage of the resistor sub-circuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold (i.e., the conduction voltage of the transistor Q3'), the transistor Q3' switches to the conduction state, the collector of the transistor Q3' is grounded, and the feedback voltage of the collector of the transistor Q3' is 0 volts (i.e., the first feedback voltage). At this time, the gate voltage of the MOS transistor Q2' becomes low and is lower than the conduction voltage of the MOS transistor Q2'. The MOS transistor Q2' switches to the off state, and the gate voltage of the MOS transistor Q1' is low. The voltage of the battery assembly 110 is divided by the resistor R2'. At this time, the MOS transistor Q1' is switched to the off state, and the charging circuit control device disconnects the charging circuit of the battery assembly 110b to the capacitor C2'. The first feedback voltage input by the switching device Q10 is less than the turn-on voltage of the switching device Q10. The switching device Q10 is switched to the off state, so that the voltage division parameter of the resistor sub-circuit is switched to the second voltage division ratio. The resistor sub-circuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor C2' by the second voltage division ratio (i.e., the second voltage) and outputs it to the transistor Q3'.

[0078] As the capacitor C2' discharges to provide electrical energy for the load, the terminal voltage of the capacitor C2' decreases, and the output voltage of the corresponding resistor sub-circuit decreases. When the output voltage of the resistor sub-circuit is less than the voltage threshold, the transistor Q3' switches to the off state. At this time, the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3' is the voltage of the battery assembly 110a after voltage division by the resistor R1' (i.e., the second feedback voltage). The voltage is relatively high. The second feedback voltage is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the MOS transistor Q2'. The MOS transistor Q2' switches to the on state, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1' is grounded. At this time, the MOS transistor Q1' switches to the on state, and the charging circuit control device turns on the charging circuit of the battery assembly 110b to the capacitor C2', and starts charging the capacitor C2'. The switching device Q The second feedback voltage input by the switching element Q10 is less than the on-state voltage of the switching element Q10. The switching element Q10 switches to the on state (i.e., the second on-off state), causing the voltage division parameter of the resistor sub-circuit to switch to a third voltage division ratio. The resistor sub-circuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor C2' by the third voltage division ratio (i.e., the third voltage) and outputs it to the transistor Q3'. As the capacitor C2' charges, the terminal voltage of the capacitor C2' rises, and the corresponding output voltage of the resistor sub-circuit also rises. When the output voltage of the transistor Q3' at the resistor sub-circuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the transistor Q3' switches to the on state, the voltage at the collector of the transistor Q3' switches to the first feedback voltage, and the charging circuit control device disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly 110b to the capacitor C2'.

[0079] The second voltage-dividing ratio and the on-voltage of transistor Q3' jointly influence the threshold at which capacitor C2' begins charging. The on-voltage of transistor Q3' depends on the parameters of transistor Q3' and remains fixed after the on-voltage of transistor Q3' is determined. Therefore, when determining the threshold at which capacitor C2' begins charging using the second voltage-dividing ratio, the product of the threshold at which capacitor C2' begins charging and the second voltage-dividing ratio must be less than the on-voltage of transistor Q3' to achieve charging control. Similarly, the product of the threshold at which capacitor C2' stops charging and the second voltage-dividing ratio must be greater than or equal to the on-voltage of transistor Q3'.

[0080] The dual-threshold implementation of the on-off control of the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly by the charging switch circuit in the third embodiment of the present application is based on a two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit composed of a resistor and a switching device Q10 and a switch control sub-circuit including a switching device. The on-off characteristics of the switching device are utilized to realize the on-off control of the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly and the switching of the first voltage divider ratio and the second voltage divider ratio of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit under different on-off states. The simple circuit structures between the sub-circuits are used to cooperate with each other to realize the complex function of dual-threshold control. Compared with the threshold of a fixed reference voltage, the design scheme that requires maintaining a stable voltage continuous input, the battery assembly in the third embodiment of the present application does not require continuous power supply, and the circuit structure design is simple, without the need for complex control chips or modules, which is beneficial to reducing the additional power consumption of the battery assembly, reducing circuit costs and circuit power consumption, and further improving the service life of the battery assembly. In addition, the present application does not require complex control logic, and the circuit response is timely.

[0081] See Figure 8 Embodiment 4 of the present application provides a fragrance sprayer 80, comprising the battery-powered load circuit 100 and the motor 200 of the aforementioned embodiment. The battery-powered load circuit drives the motor to operate, and the operation of the motor causes the liquid in the fragrance sprayer to be sprayed out.

[0082] The implementation of the battery-powered load circuit 100 can refer to the aforementioned embodiments 1 to 3, which will not be described in detail here.

[0083] It should be noted that this embodiment of the present application takes a fragrance sprayer as an example. It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application is applicable to all products that use the battery-powered load circuit 100 in the aforementioned embodiment of the present application, and can also be products such as humidifiers.

[0084] See attached Figure 9 A fifth embodiment of the present application provides a load circuit control method for the battery-powered load circuit in the aforementioned embodiment. The battery-powered load circuit comprises a battery assembly, a charging switch circuit, a capacitor assembly, and a load control circuit. The load circuit control method includes: Step S900: The charging switch circuit controls the on / off of the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly based on the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly. When the charging circuit is on, the capacitor assembly stores the electrical energy provided by the battery assembly, and when the charging circuit is off, the capacitor assembly provides electrical energy for the load. Step S910: the load control circuit receives the working control signal and transmits electric energy to the load when the working control signal instructs the load to start working; Step S920: the load control circuit receives the working control signal, and when the working control signal instructs the load to stop working, reversely transmits the electric energy generated by the reverse electromotive force of the load to the capacitor component, and recovers the electric energy through the capacitor component.

[0085] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery-powered load circuit, characterized in that: It consists of a battery assembly, a charging switch circuit, a capacitor assembly and a load control circuit; The charging switch circuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly according to the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly; The capacitor component stores the electrical energy provided by the battery component when the charging circuit is turned on; and provides electrical energy for the load when the charging circuit is turned off; and recovering electric energy when the load generates reverse electromotive force; The load control circuit transmits electric energy to the load when the input working control signal instructs the load to start working, and reversely transmits the electric energy of the reverse electromotive force generated by the load to the capacitor component when the input working control signal instructs the load to stop working.

2. The battery-powered load circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The charging switch circuit includes a supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit and a switch control subcircuit; The supercapacitor terminal voltage dividing subcircuit inputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component and outputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor component to the switch control subcircuit after voltage division; The switch control subcircuit controls the on-off of the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly according to the output voltage of the supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit.

3. The battery-powered load circuit according to claim 2, wherein: The supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is a single-ended voltage divider subcircuit with a first voltage divider ratio, and outputs a first voltage after dividing the terminal voltage of the capacitor component by the first voltage divider ratio to the switch control subcircuit; The switch control subcircuit disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly when the first input voltage is greater than or equal to a voltage threshold; When the input first voltage is less than a voltage threshold, the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component is turned on.

4. The battery-powered load circuit according to claim 2, wherein: The supercapacitor terminal voltage divider subcircuit is a two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit, and the voltage divider parameters of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit include a second voltage divider ratio and a third voltage divider ratio, wherein the second voltage divider ratio is greater than the third voltage divider ratio; When the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the switch control subcircuit disconnects the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly and outputs a first feedback voltage to the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit, so that the voltage dividing parameter of the two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit is switched to a second voltage dividing ratio. The two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly by the second voltage dividing ratio and outputs the divided voltage to the switch control subcircuit; When the output voltage of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit is less than the voltage threshold, the switch control sub-circuit turns on the charging circuit of the capacitor component from the battery component and outputs a second feedback voltage to the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit, so that the voltage division parameter of the two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit is switched to a third voltage division ratio. The two-terminal voltage divider sub-circuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor component by the third voltage division ratio and outputs it to the switch control sub-circuit.

5. The battery-powered load circuit according to claim 3, wherein: The single-ended voltage divider subcircuit includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series, and the first voltage is output from a connection point between the first resistor and the second resistor; The switch control subcircuit includes an input control device and a charging circuit control device. The feedback terminal of the input control device is connected to the battery assembly and the charging circuit control device. The charging circuit control device is provided in the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and the charging circuit control device performs on-off control according to the voltage input to the feedback terminal. When the first voltage input by the input control device is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to the on state, so that the voltage of the feedback terminal switches to the first feedback voltage; when the first feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is less than the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device, the charging circuit control device disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly; When the first voltage input by the input control device is less than the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to a disconnected state, so that the voltage at the feedback end switches to a second feedback voltage. The second feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the charging circuit control device, and the charging circuit control device turns on the charging circuit from the battery component to the capacitor component.

6. The battery-powered load circuit according to claim 4, wherein: The two-terminal voltage divider subcircuit includes a resistor subcircuit and a switch device. The switch control subcircuit includes an input control device and a charging circuit control device. The feedback terminal of the input control device is connected to the battery assembly, the charging circuit control device, and the switch device. The charging circuit control device is provided in the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly, and the charging circuit control device performs on-off control according to the input voltage of the feedback terminal. The switch device switches the voltage divider parameter of the resistor subcircuit between a second voltage divider ratio and a third voltage divider ratio according to the input voltage of the feedback terminal of the input control device. When the output voltage of the resistor subcircuit is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to a conductive state, so that the voltage at the feedback terminal switches to a first feedback voltage. The first feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is less than the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device, so that the charging circuit control device disconnects the charging circuit from the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly. The switch device switches to a first on-off state according to the input first feedback voltage, so that the voltage division parameter of the resistor subcircuit switches to a second voltage division ratio. The resistor subcircuit divides the input terminal voltage of the capacitor assembly by the second voltage division ratio and outputs it to the input control device. When the output voltage of the resistor sub-circuit is less than the voltage threshold, the input control device switches to the on state, so that the voltage at the feedback terminal is switched to the second feedback voltage. The second feedback voltage input by the charging circuit control device is greater than or equal to the on-voltage of the charging circuit control device. The charging circuit control device turns on the charging circuit of the battery component to the capacitor component. The switching device switches to a second on-off state according to the input second feedback voltage, wherein the second on-off state is opposite to the first on-off state, so that the voltage division parameter of the resistor sub-circuit is switched to a third voltage division ratio. The resistor sub-circuit divides the terminal voltage of the capacitor component input by the third voltage division ratio and outputs it to the input control device.

7. The battery-powered load circuit according to claim 2, wherein: The switch control subcircuit includes a diode provided on the charging circuit, which conducts the electric energy provided by the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly and blocks the electric energy of the reverse electromotive force from being transmitted to the battery assembly.

8. The battery-powered load circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The capacitor component is composed of one capacitor or multiple capacitors connected in parallel. In the case where the capacitor component is composed of multiple capacitors connected in parallel, the parameters of the multiple capacitors connected in parallel are the same.

9. The battery-powered load circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The load control circuit includes an H-bridge circuit, which transmits electric energy to the load through the H-bridge circuit when the input operation control signal instructs the load to start working, and reversely transmits electric energy generated by the load as a reverse electromotive force to the capacitor component through the H-bridge circuit when the input operation control signal instructs the load to stop working; The H-bridge circuit is composed of four MOS tubes.

10. A fragrance sprayer, characterized in that: It comprises a battery-powered load circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and a motor, wherein the battery-powered load circuit drives the motor to operate, and the operation of the motor causes the liquid in the fragrance sprayer to be sprayed out.

11. A load circuit control method for a battery-powered load circuit, characterized in that: The battery-powered load circuit is composed of a battery assembly, a charging switch circuit, a capacitor assembly and a load control circuit; the load circuit control method includes: The charging switch circuit controls the on / off of the charging circuit of the battery assembly to the capacitor assembly according to the terminal voltage input of the capacitor assembly; wherein, when the charging circuit is on, the capacitor assembly stores the electric energy provided by the battery assembly, and when the charging circuit is off, the capacitor assembly provides electric energy for the operation of the load; The load control circuit receives a working control signal and transmits electric energy to the load when the working control signal instructs the load to start working; The load control circuit receives an operation control signal and reversely transmits the electric energy generated by the reverse electromotive force of the load to the capacitor component when the operation control signal instructs the load to stop working, and recovers the electric energy through the capacitor component.

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