A photothermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method, comprising a first solar-thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool, a second solar-thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool, a light-shielding wall, a first hydraulic pipeline, a second hydraulic pipeline, a hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support, and a light group component. The present invention relies on the natural movement trajectory of the sun to achieve different temperatures in the solar-thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools on both sides, thereby achieving different expansion effects, and ultimately acting on the photovoltaic support to automatically rotate. The flat single-axis photovoltaic support system does not require additional optical sensors, and the photovoltaic components can automatically track the sun by relying on the solar-thermal hydraulic system, with a simple implementation method. The hydraulic oil is heated by a concentrating device, and hydraulic power is generated by thermal expansion to drive the photovoltaic support to rotate, eliminating traditional motors and batteries. Compared with mechanical systems, hydraulic systems have the advantages of being vibration-resistant and wear-free, which can significantly extend the operating life of the flat single-axis system and reduce operation and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular relates to a photothermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method. Background Art

[0002] Single-axis photovoltaic system control and tracking technology significantly improves power generation efficiency by adjusting the horizontal angle of photovoltaic modules in real time to track the sun's trajectory. Compared to traditional fixed mounting systems, it can achieve a 20% to 40% power generation gain, particularly in areas with abundant sunlight. With the advancement of the global "dual carbon" goals, flat single-axis technology, due to its high adaptability, has demonstrated great potential in deserts and Gobi deserts, becoming a core supporting solution for large-scale photovoltaic bases. Furthermore, its intelligent design allows for flexible adaptation to varying climate conditions, further promoting the efficient and intelligent development of photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] The rotation axis of the flat single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket is approximately parallel to the ground plane. The bracket structure is simple, easy to install, stable, and has a high cost-effectiveness ratio. Therefore, it has been widely used. However, there are still some key technical problems that need to be solved: (1) Wind-induced flutter and structural failure risk. The flat single-axis bracket is a soft structure and is easily affected by wind loads. The vibration of the bracket at low wind speeds can easily cause structural damage. In addition, the structural stability is poor when the photovoltaic panel and the bracket are connected only by the rotating axis. High wind speeds can easily cause torsional flutter or aeroelastic instability, leading to component damage. (2) Mechanical wear and high operation and maintenance costs. Traditional drives rely on motors and gear transmissions. Daily reciprocating motion increases the wear of moving parts and requires frequent maintenance. In addition, in areas with strong winds and sand, such as Shagohuang, wind and sand can also threaten the safe operation of open mechanical structures. (3) The contradiction between energy dependence and energy efficiency. Traditional tracking systems require external power supplies or independent photovoltaic power supply modules, which increases system complexity and cable costs. (4) The implementation of solar self-tracking algorithms is complex. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the existing technology, the present invention provides a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method, which can effectively solve the above problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a photothermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system, comprising a first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1), a second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2), a light shielding wall (3), a first hydraulic pipeline (4), a second hydraulic pipeline (5), a hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support (6) and a light group component (7);

[0007] The optical assembly (7) comprises an optical panel (7.1), a rotation axis (7.2) and a support rod (7.3); the rotation axis (7.2) arranged in a north-south direction is provided at the bottom center of the optical panel (7.1); the optical panel (7.1) rotates in an east-west direction via the rotation axis (7.2); the bottom of the rotation axis (7.2) is supported by the support rod (7.3);

[0008] The hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support (6) comprises a first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) and a second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2); the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) is arranged at the west end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1); the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) is arranged at the east end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1);

[0009] The shading wall (3) is arranged vertically, and the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) is arranged on the east side of the shading wall (3), and the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) is connected to the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) through the first hydraulic pipeline (4); the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) is arranged on the west side of the shading wall (3), and the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) is connected to the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) through the second hydraulic pipeline (5).

[0010] Preferably, the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) and the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) have the same structure, both comprising a Fresnel lens (A1), a heat collection cavity (A2), a glass top plate (A3), a liquid storage tank (A4) and an auxiliary electric heater (A5);

[0011] The top surface of the liquid storage tank (A4) is the glass top plate (A3), the heat collection cavity (A2) is arranged above the glass top plate (A3), and the Fresnel lens (A1) is arranged above the heat collection cavity (A2); the auxiliary electric heater (A5) is installed inside the liquid storage tank (A4).

[0012] Preferably, the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) includes a first hydraulic rod (6.1.1), a first piston (6.1.2) and a first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3); the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3) is vertically arranged, and the first piston (6.1.2) capable of reciprocating and sealing movement up and down is arranged inside the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3), and the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower hydraulic chamber by the first piston (6.1.2), and the hydraulic chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3) is connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) through the first hydraulic pipeline (4); the first hydraulic rod (6.1.1) is vertically arranged, and its top is hinged to the west end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1), and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first piston (6.1.2);

[0013] The second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) includes a second hydraulic rod (6.2.1), a second piston (6.2.2) and a second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3); the second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is arranged vertically, and the interior of the second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is provided with the second piston (6.2.2) which can move back and forth in a sealed manner. The second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower hydraulic chamber through the second piston (6.2.2). The hydraulic chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) through the second hydraulic pipeline (5); the second hydraulic rod (6.2.1) is arranged vertically, and its top is hinged to the east end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1), and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of the second piston (6.2.2).

[0014] Preferably, the hydraulic chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder (6.1.3), the first hydraulic pipeline (4) and the liquid storage tank (A4) of the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) are filled with hydraulic medium;

[0015] The hydraulic chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder (6.2.3), the second hydraulic pipeline (5) and the liquid storage tank (A4) of the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) are filled with hydraulic medium.

[0016] Preferably, the hydraulic medium is a hydraulic medium whose volume expands after being heated, specifically a hydraulic medium with a high volume expansion coefficient, including liquid hydraulic medium and gaseous hydraulic medium.

[0017] Preferably, in the plurality of said optical group assemblies (7) of the photovoltaic station, the hydraulic chambers of the respective first hydraulic transmission units (6.1) are connected through hydraulic pipes and then connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the same first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1);

[0018] The hydraulic chambers of each second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) are connected through a hydraulic pipeline and then connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the same second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2).

[0019] The present invention further provides a tracking method for the solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system, comprising the following steps:

[0020] When the sun is at different azimuth angles, the hydraulic medium in the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) and the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) are subjected to different solar radiation effects. Therefore, the hydraulic medium is heated differently, resulting in different degrees of volume expansion.

[0021] After the hydraulic medium in the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) expands in volume due to heat, a first hydraulic driving force F1 is generated, which acts on the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1); after the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) expands in volume due to heat, a second hydraulic driving force F2 is generated, which acts on the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2);

[0022] Under the joint action of the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) and the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2), based on the combined force of the first hydraulic driving force F1 and the second hydraulic driving force F2, the photovoltaic panel (7.1) is rotated by a corresponding angle around the rotation axis (7.2), thereby enabling the rotated photovoltaic panel (7.1) to track the sun.

[0023] Preferably, if the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) after being affected by solar radiation is greater than the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) after being affected by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is greater than the second hydraulic driving force F2, the resultant force ΔF=F1-F2, ΔF>0, and thus the photovoltaic panel (7.1) is driven to rotate around the rotation axis (7.2) by a corresponding angle α, and the rotation direction is the same as the arrangement direction of the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1);

[0024] If the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the current first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) after being affected by solar radiation is lower than the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) after being affected by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is lower than the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF = F1-F2, ΔF < 0, thereby driving the photovoltaic panel (7.1) to rotate around the rotation axis (7.2) by a corresponding angle α, and the rotation direction is opposite to the arrangement direction of the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1).

[0025] Preferably, if the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the current first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) after being affected by solar radiation is the same as the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) after being affected by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is equal to the second hydraulic driving force F2, the resultant force ΔF=F1-F2, ΔF=0, and therefore, the photovoltaic panel (7.1) does not rotate around the rotation axis (7.2), and the photovoltaic panel (7.1) is in a horizontal state.

[0026] The solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0027] The present invention provides a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method, which relies on the natural movement trajectory of the sun to achieve different temperatures in the solar-thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools on both sides, thereby achieving different expansion effects, and ultimately acting on the photovoltaic bracket to automatically rotate. The flat single-axis photovoltaic bracket system does not require additional optical sensors, and the photovoltaic components can automatically track the sun by relying on the solar-thermal hydraulic system, and the implementation method is simple. The hydraulic oil is heated by a concentrating device, and hydraulic power is generated by thermal expansion to drive the photovoltaic bracket to rotate, eliminating traditional motors and batteries. Compared with mechanical systems, hydraulic systems have the advantages of being vibration-resistant and wear-free. Hydraulic transmission replaces gear / motor drive, reducing the number of moving parts and friction loss, which can significantly extend the operating life of the flat single-axis system and reduce operation and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support provided by the present invention.

[0031] Among them: the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1; the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2; the shading wall 3; the first hydraulic pipeline 4; the second hydraulic pipeline 5; the hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support 6 and the photoelectric group component 7; the first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 and the second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2; the photoelectric group battery panel 7.1; the rotating shaft 7.2 and the support rod 7.3; the first hydraulic rod 6.1.1; the first piston 6.1.2 and the first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3; the second hydraulic rod 6.2.1; the second piston 6.2.2 and the second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3; the Fresnel lens A1; the heat collection chamber A2; the glass top plate A3; the liquid storage tank A4 and the auxiliary electric heater A5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] This invention aims to develop a solar-thermal-driven, hydraulically operated, flat, single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method. This system utilizes a concentrating device to heat hydraulic oil, generating hydraulic power through thermal expansion to rotate the photovoltaic mount, eliminating the need for traditional motors and batteries. Hydraulic systems offer the advantages of vibration resistance and wear resistance compared to mechanical systems. Replacing gear / motor drives with hydraulic transmission reduces the number of moving parts and friction losses, significantly extending the operating life of the flat single-axis system and lowering operational costs. Furthermore, by integrating solar-thermal sensors with astronomical algorithms, the sun's position can be calibrated in real time. By exploiting the differential expansion of the hydraulic oil within the heat absorption pool, the photovoltaic mount can automatically track the sun.

[0034] The structure of the solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system provided by the present invention is described in detail below:

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the solar thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system provided by the present invention includes a first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1, a second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2, a shading wall 3, a first hydraulic pipeline 4, a second hydraulic pipeline 5, a hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic bracket 6 and a light group component 7.

[0036] (1) Photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool group:

[0037] Each photovoltaic station is equipped with a group of solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools, which consist of two solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools arranged in the east-west direction, wherein the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 is arranged on the east side, and the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 is arranged on the west side. The first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 and the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 are separated by a vertically arranged north-south shading wall 3. Through the action of the shading wall 3, the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 and the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 receive different amounts of solar radiation at different solar azimuth angles, thereby causing the temperature of the hydraulic medium in the liquid storage tank A4 in the two solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools to be different and the degree of volume expansion to be different.

[0038] As a specific implementation structure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 and the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 have the same structure, both including a Fresnel lens A1, a heat collection cavity A2, a glass top plate A3, a liquid storage tank A4 and an auxiliary electric heater A5;

[0039] The top surface of the liquid storage tank A4 is a glass top plate A3, a heat collecting cavity A2 is arranged above the glass top plate A3, and a Fresnel lens A1 is arranged above the heat collecting cavity A2; an auxiliary electric heater A5 is installed inside the liquid storage tank A4.

[0040] Liquid tank A4 is located underground, while Fresnel lens A1 is located on the surface, focusing sunlight to enhance solar radiation intensity and improve the heating efficiency of the hydraulic medium within tank A4. A glass top panel A3 on top of tank A4 allows sunlight focused by Fresnel lens A1 to penetrate, heating the hydraulic medium within tank A4.

[0041] In the present invention, sunlight is the primary heat source for the hydraulic medium within tank A4. In practical applications, an auxiliary electric heater A5 can also be installed within tank A4 to provide auxiliary electric heating, enabling precise temperature control within tank A4 to meet diverse needs. If auxiliary electric heater A5 is used, the power is generated by the photovoltaic power station itself, eliminating the need for an additional power supply.

[0042] The hydraulic medium in the liquid storage tank A4 can be selected from low-cost, non-corrosive liquid materials such as acetone, benzene, and methanol, which have a high volume expansion coefficient and an optimal operating temperature in the room temperature range of 10°C to 60°C. Gas materials that meet certain technical requirements can also serve as liquid-gas pressure media.

[0043] (2) Optical group components:

[0044] The optical assembly 7 includes an optical panel 7.1, a rotation axis 7.2 and a support rod 7.3; the rotation axis 7.2 is arranged in a north-south direction at the bottom center of the optical panel 7.1; the optical panel 7.1 rotates in the east-west direction through the rotation axis 7.2; the bottom of the rotation axis 7.2 is supported by the support rod 7.3.

[0045] (3) Hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic bracket

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support 6 includes a first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 and a second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2; the first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 is arranged at the west end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 7.1; the second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2 is arranged at the east end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 7.1;

[0047] The first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 is connected to the first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 through the first hydraulic pipeline 4; the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 is connected to the second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2 through the second hydraulic pipeline 5.

[0048] Furthermore, the first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 includes a first hydraulic rod 6.1.1, a first piston 6.1.2, and a first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3; the first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3 is arranged vertically, and the first piston 6.1.2 is arranged inside the first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3, which can reciprocate and move in a sealed manner. The first piston 6.1.2 divides the first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3 into an upper cavity and a lower hydraulic chamber. The hydraulic chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3 is connected to the liquid storage tank A4 of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 through a first hydraulic pipeline 4; the first hydraulic rod 6.1.1 is arranged vertically, its top is hinged to the west end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 7.1, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first piston 6.1.2;

[0049] The second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2 includes a second hydraulic rod 6.2.1, a second piston 6.2.2 and a second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3; the second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3 is arranged vertically, and the interior of the second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3 is provided with a second piston 6.2.2 which can move reciprocatingly and sealedly up and down. The second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3 is divided into an upper cavity and a lower hydraulic chamber by the second piston 6.2.2. The hydraulic chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3 is connected to the liquid storage tank A4 of the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 through the second hydraulic pipeline 5; the second hydraulic rod 6.2.1 is arranged vertically, and its top is hinged to the east end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 7.1, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of the second piston 6.2.2.

[0050] Therefore, in the present invention, the hydraulic chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder body 6.1.3, the first hydraulic pipeline 4 and the liquid storage tank A4 of the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 are filled with hydraulic medium; the hydraulic chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder body 6.2.3, the second hydraulic pipeline 5 and the liquid storage tank A4 of the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 are filled with hydraulic medium.

[0051] (4) Photovoltaic facilities:

[0052] In the multiple optical group components 7 of the photovoltaic station, the hydraulic chambers of each first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 are connected through hydraulic pipes and then connected to the liquid storage tank A4 of the same first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1; the hydraulic chambers of each second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2 are connected through hydraulic pipes and then connected to the liquid storage tank A4 of the same second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2.

[0053] Therefore, in the present invention, multiple rows of photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic power station can be driven by the same set of solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools. The capacity of a single solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool can be appropriately expanded depending on the number of photovoltaic modules to meet the driving requirements.

[0054] The solar thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system provided by the present invention is equipped with a new hydraulically driven photovoltaic bracket. Directly below the solar group panel 7.1 of the solar group assembly 7 is a support rod 7.3 for supporting the solar group panel 7.1; a hydraulic transmission unit is respectively provided at the west end and the east end of the solar group panel 7.1, and the hydraulic transmission unit at the west end is connected to the solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool arranged on the east side through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic transmission unit at the east end is connected to the solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool arranged on the west side through a hydraulic pipeline. Since the solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool on the east side and the solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool on the west side receive different amounts of solar radiation, their volumes expand due to heat, generating different hydraulic driving forces, thereby driving the solar group panel 7.1 to rotate toward the sun through the combined force, and the rotation angle is related to the magnitude of the combined force, so that the solar group panel 7.1 faces the sun at an optimal angle, realizing photovoltaic self-tracking.

[0055] The present invention provides a tracking method for a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system, comprising the following steps:

[0056] When the sun is at different azimuths, the hydraulic medium in the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 and the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 are subjected to different solar radiation effects. Therefore, the hydraulic medium is heated differently and produces different degrees of volume expansion.

[0057] The hydraulic medium in the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 expands due to heat, generating a first hydraulic driving force F1, which acts on the first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1. The hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 expands due to heat, generating a second hydraulic driving force F2, which acts on the second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2.

[0058] Under the joint action of the first hydraulic transmission unit 6.1 and the second hydraulic transmission unit 6.2, based on the combined force of the first hydraulic driving force F1 and the second hydraulic driving force F2, the photovoltaic panel 7.1 is rotated around the rotation axis 7.2 by a corresponding angle, thereby enabling the rotated photovoltaic panel 7.1 to track the sun.

[0059] Specifically, if the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 after being affected by solar radiation is greater than the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 after being affected by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is greater than the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF = F1 - F2, ΔF > 0. Therefore, the photovoltaic panel 7.1 is driven to rotate around the rotation axis 7.2 by a corresponding angle α, and the rotation direction is the same as the arrangement direction of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1;

[0060] If the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the current first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 after being affected by solar radiation is lower than the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 after being affected by solar radiation, the first hydraulic driving force F1 generated is lower than the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF=F1-F2, ΔF<0, therefore, the photovoltaic panel 7.1 is driven to rotate around the rotation axis 7.2 by the corresponding angle α, and the rotation direction is opposite to the arrangement direction of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1.

[0061] If the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the current first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 after being affected by solar radiation is the same as the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 after being affected by solar radiation, the first hydraulic driving force F1 generated is equal to the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF = F1-F2, ΔF = 0. Therefore, the photovoltaic panel 7.1 does not rotate around the rotation axis 7.2, and the photovoltaic panel 7.1 is in a horizontal state.

[0062] Here is an implementation plan:

[0063] (1) Morning session:

[0064] As the sun rises in the east, the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1, located directly east of the sunshade wall 3, receives sufficient sunlight during the morning hours thanks to the action of the sunshade wall 3. The Fresnel lens A1 maintains the hydraulic medium in the reservoir A4 at a relatively high temperature, creating a temperature difference with the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2, located directly west of the sunshade wall 3. This temperature difference causes the hydraulic driving force at the west end of the solar array panel 7.1 to be greater than the hydraulic driving force at the east end of the solar array panel 7.1, causing the solar array panel 7.1 to rotate about the rotation axis 7.2, raising the west edge of the solar array panel 7.1 and lowering the east edge, causing the solar array panel 7.1 to tilt eastward, facing the sun.

[0065] During the morning hours, as the sun gradually rises, the second solar thermal hydraulic absorption pool 2 gradually receives some sunlight, causing the temperature of its hydraulic medium to rise, and the temperature difference with the first solar thermal hydraulic absorption pool 1 to gradually decrease. At this time, the hydraulic driving force at the west end of the photovoltaic array 7.1 gradually decreases, while the hydraulic driving force at the east end gradually increases. The combined force of these two forces gradually decreases. As a result, this combined force gradually pushes the photovoltaic array 7.1 to rotate parallel to the rotation axis 7.2. In other words, the west edge of the photovoltaic array 7.1 gradually descends, while the east edge gradually ascends, achieving the effect of photovoltaic array 7.1 tracking the sun.

[0066] (2) Lunchtime:

[0067] The sun is directly above the shading wall 3, and the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 and the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 receive the same amount of solar radiation. Therefore, the hydraulic medium temperature of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 and the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 is the same, and the hydraulic driving force at the west end of the solar array panel 7.1 is the same as the hydraulic driving force at the east end of the solar array panel 7.1. Therefore, the solar array panel 7.1 is level with the ground and is generating electricity facing the sun.

[0068] (3) Afternoon session:

[0069] With the sun in the west, the sunshade wall 3 allows the second solar thermal hydraulic absorption pool 2 to fully receive sunlight during the afternoon. Fresnel lens A1 maintains the liquid storage tank A4 at a higher temperature, creating a temperature difference with the first solar thermal hydraulic absorption pool 1. This temperature difference causes the hydraulic driving force at the west end of photovoltaic panel 7.1 to be less than that at the east end, causing photovoltaic panel 7.1 to rotate around rotation axis 7.2 from a parallel direction at noon, lowering the west edge of photovoltaic panel 7.1 and raising the east edge, causing photovoltaic panel 7.1 to tilt westward and face the sun.

[0070] As the sun gradually sets, the amount of sunlight received by first solar thermal hydraulic absorption pool 1 gradually decreases, its temperature gradually drops, and the temperature difference with second solar thermal hydraulic absorption pool 2 gradually increases. This temperature difference causes the hydraulic driving force on the west end of photovoltaic array 7.1 to gradually decrease, while the hydraulic driving force on the east end gradually increases. The combined force of these two forces gradually increases, and thus, the combined force gradually pushes photovoltaic array 7.1 to rotate westward around rotation axis 7.2 from parallel to the west. In other words, the west edge of photovoltaic array 7.1 gradually descends, while the east edge gradually rises, thus achieving the effect of photovoltaic array 7.1 tracking the sun.

[0071] (4) Evening and night time:

[0072] As the sun sets, both the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 2 on the west side and the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool 1 on the east side lose sunlight. The temperature of the hydraulic medium in the liquid storage tank A4 reaches room temperature. The hydraulic driving force at the west end of the photovoltaic array 7.1 is equal to the hydraulic driving force at the east end of the photovoltaic array 7.1. There is no hydraulic pressure difference. Therefore, the photovoltaic array 7.1 is level with the ground and no power is generated.

[0073] In practice, seasonal variations in ambient temperature can affect the temperature range of the medium within the reservoir under sunlight, thus impacting the expansion effect. Therefore, in winter, when ambient temperatures are low, a small amount of hydraulic medium should be added to the two CSP hydraulic heat absorption pools to maintain a sufficiently high initial pressure within the reservoir. In summer, when ambient temperatures are high, a small amount of hydraulic medium should be removed from the two CSP hydraulic heat absorption pools to maintain the pressure within the reservoir within a normal range.

[0074] The present invention provides a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system and method, which has the following technical improvements:

[0075] (1) Technical improvement 1: Innovatively using sunlight to heat the hydraulic system to expand and drive the rotation of the flat single-axis photovoltaic module, without the need for an external independent power supply or energy storage method, achieving all-round utilization of solar energy, using solar energy to generate electricity and drive the flat single-axis rotation.

[0076] (2) Technical Improvement 2: A novel solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool structure was designed. By setting up a shading wall, the solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools on both sides were kept at different temperatures based on the natural movement of the sun, thereby achieving different expansion effects, which ultimately acted on the photovoltaic bracket to automatically rotate. This achieved a flat single-axis photovoltaic bracket system without the need for additional optical sensors. The photovoltaic components can automatically track the sun based on the solar thermal hydraulic system, truly making the photovoltaic bracket automatically rotate with the sun like a sunflower.

[0077] (3) Technical improvement three: After the hydraulic system is used to replace the mechanical transmission system, the hydraulic system is naturally immune to wind-induced vibration under medium and low wind speeds, and the drive system will not be damaged by vibration; under high wind speeds, since the photovoltaic components in this technology are supported by a support rod plus two hydraulic rods, the structural stability is stronger than that of the traditional flat single-axis, which improves the structural rigidity and reduces the risk of component damage in windy weather.

[0078] (4) Technical Improvement 4: Compared with mechanical transmission systems, hydraulic systems are more suitable for reciprocating motion scenarios and do not suffer from mechanical wear and tear, significantly reducing operating costs and extending service life. In addition, in harsh environmental areas such as Shagohuang, the hydraulic system itself is sealed, eliminating the need to worry about wind and sand intrusion affecting operational safety.

[0079] (5) Technical Improvement 5: For a flat single-axis photovoltaic power station, only one set of solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pools needs to be built, and the entire photovoltaic station can be driven by hydraulic pipes and limited hydraulic rods, which has the advantage of large-scale layout. Traditional flat single-axis photovoltaic power stations require a large number of motors to drive the photovoltaic brackets to rotate, which has high investment and maintenance costs.

[0080] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system, characterized in that: It comprises a first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1), a second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2), a light-shielding wall (3), a first hydraulic pipeline (4), a second hydraulic pipeline (5), a hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support (6), and a light group component (7); The optical assembly (7) comprises an optical panel (7.1), a rotation axis (7.2) and a support rod (7.3); the rotation axis (7.2) arranged in a north-south direction is provided at the bottom center of the optical panel (7.1); the optical panel (7.1) rotates in an east-west direction via the rotation axis (7.2); the bottom of the rotation axis (7.2) is supported by the support rod (7.3); The hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic support (6) comprises a first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) and a second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2); the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) is arranged at the west end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1); the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) is arranged at the east end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1); The shading wall (3) is arranged vertically, and the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) is arranged on the east side of the shading wall (3), and the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) is connected to the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) through the first hydraulic pipeline (4); the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) is arranged on the west side of the shading wall (3), and the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) is connected to the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) through the second hydraulic pipeline (5).

2. The solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) and the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) have the same structure, both comprising a Fresnel lens (A1), a heat collection cavity (A2), a glass top plate (A3), a liquid storage tank (A4) and an auxiliary electric heater (A5); The top surface of the liquid storage tank (A4) is the glass top plate (A3), the heat collection cavity (A2) is arranged above the glass top plate (A3), and the Fresnel lens (A1) is arranged above the heat collection cavity (A2); the auxiliary electric heater (A5) is installed inside the liquid storage tank (A4).

3. The solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) includes a first hydraulic rod (6.1.1), a first piston (6.1.2) and a first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3); the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3) is vertically arranged, and the first piston (6.1.2) capable of reciprocating and sealing movement up and down is arranged inside the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3), and the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower hydraulic chamber by the first piston (6.1.2), and the hydraulic chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder body (6.1.3) is connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) through the first hydraulic pipeline (4); the first hydraulic rod (6.1.1) is vertically arranged, and its top is hinged to the west end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1), and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first piston (6.1.2); The second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) includes a second hydraulic rod (6.2.1), a second piston (6.2.2) and a second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3); the second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is arranged vertically, and the interior of the second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is provided with the second piston (6.2.2) which can move back and forth in a sealed manner. The second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower hydraulic chamber through the second piston (6.2.2). The hydraulic chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder body (6.2.3) is connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) through the second hydraulic pipeline (5); the second hydraulic rod (6.2.1) is arranged vertically, and its top is hinged to the east end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.1), and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of the second piston (6.2.2).

4. The solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The hydraulic chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder (6.1.3), the first hydraulic pipeline (4) and the liquid storage tank (A4) of the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) are filled with hydraulic medium; The hydraulic chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder (6.2.3), the second hydraulic pipeline (5) and the liquid storage tank (A4) of the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) are filled with hydraulic medium.

5. The solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The hydraulic medium is a hydraulic medium whose volume expands after being heated, specifically a hydraulic medium with a high volume expansion coefficient, including liquid hydraulic medium and gaseous hydraulic medium.

6. The solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the plurality of said optical group assemblies (7) of the photovoltaic station, the hydraulic chambers of the respective first hydraulic transmission units (6.1) are connected through hydraulic pipes and then connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the same first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1); The hydraulic chambers of each second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2) are connected through a hydraulic pipeline and then connected to the liquid storage tank (A4) of the same second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2).

7. A tracking method for a solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the sun is at different azimuth angles, the hydraulic medium in the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) and the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) are subjected to different solar radiation effects. Therefore, the hydraulic medium is heated differently, resulting in different degrees of volume expansion. After the hydraulic medium in the first photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) expands in volume due to heat, a first hydraulic driving force F1 is generated, which acts on the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1); after the hydraulic medium in the second photothermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) expands in volume due to heat, a second hydraulic driving force F2 is generated, which acts on the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2); Under the joint action of the first hydraulic transmission unit (6.1) and the second hydraulic transmission unit (6.2), based on the combined force of the first hydraulic driving force F1 and the second hydraulic driving force F2, the photovoltaic panel (7.1) is rotated by a corresponding angle around the rotation axis (7.2), thereby enabling the rotated photovoltaic panel (7.1) to track the sun.

8. The tracking method of the solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 7, characterized in that: If the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) after being affected by solar radiation is greater than the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) after being affected by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is greater than the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF=F1-F2, ΔF>0, thus driving the photovoltaic panel (7.1) to rotate around the rotation axis (7.2) by a corresponding angle α, and the rotation direction is the same as the arrangement direction of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1); If the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the current first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) after being acted upon by solar radiation is lower than the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) after being acted upon by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is lower than the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF=F1-F2, ΔF<0, thereby driving the photovoltaic panel (7.1) to rotate around the rotation axis (7.2) by a corresponding angle α, and the rotation direction is opposite to the arrangement direction of the first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1).

9. The tracking method of the solar-thermal driven hydraulic flat single-axis photovoltaic self-tracking system according to claim 8, characterized in that: If the temperature T1 of the hydraulic medium in the current first solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (1) after being acted upon by solar radiation is the same as the temperature T2 of the hydraulic medium in the second solar thermal hydraulic heat absorption pool (2) after being acted upon by solar radiation, the generated first hydraulic driving force F1 is equal to the second hydraulic driving force F2, and the resultant force ΔF=F1-F2, ΔF=0, therefore, the photovoltaic panel (7.1) does not rotate around the rotation axis (7.2), and the photovoltaic panel (7.1) is in a horizontal state.

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