A falling dust suppression device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dust suppression device for falling materials, comprising a dust suppression bin, a falling material module, an air curtain injection module, a negative pressure adsorption module, an alignment module and a transport module; the falling material module is fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin, the air curtain injection module is arranged on both sides of the discharge port at the bottom end of the falling material module, the negative pressure adsorption module is fixedly arranged below the air curtain injection module, the air curtain injection module injects airflow, and the negative pressure adsorption module sucks airflow to form an air curtain structure, and the negative pressure adsorption module filters dust in the airflow; the alignment module is arranged on both inner sides of the dust suppression bin and is located below the negative pressure adsorption module; the transport module is arranged directly below the bottom outlet of the dust suppression bin. The present invention adopts the method of adjusting the airflow injection and the suction airflow to form an air curtain structure, thereby buffering the impact process of the falling material and confining the generated dust within a certain range, and filtering the dust through the filter to prevent the dust from escaping, and has a significantly superior dust suppression effect on fine dust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of powder material conveying equipment, and in particular relates to a falling material dust suppression device. Background Art

[0002] During the transportation of open or semi-open powder materials, due to the influence of material transportation speed, height difference of transportation location and environmental side wind, the powder material will form a speed difference with the ambient gas, thereby generating dust. Dust poses a major challenge to environmental protection and the health of workers, and also causes losses in material transportation. Especially for material transportation hubs such as ports, there are many transportation methods (belt transmission, grab movement, truck unloading, etc.), and the material transportation volume is large. The amount of dust generated is large and poses a huge challenge to environmental safety. The corresponding dust suppression needs are urgent. Among them, the belt conveyor mechanism and material unloading mechanism of powder materials in ports usually face the problem of falling dust caused by height difference. These problems occur in falling equipment such as falling pipes, which are semi-enclosed. Existing dust suppression technology has certain technical bottlenecks in solving such problems.

[0003] Among wet dust suppression methods, the current mainstream method uses high-pressure water mist to create a liquid film to absorb dust. This solution works well for fixed piles, but for dust generated by falling materials, the device presents difficulties in adjusting the spray position. Furthermore, this method is less suitable for some materials, especially dry, porous bulk particles (such as pulverized coal and sand and gravel), which have low capture efficiency. Some materials are not suitable for wet dust suppression due to their moisture content.

[0004] Another approach is to employ mechanical dust suppression solutions. For example, curved pipe structures often used in engineering projects, combined with deflector designs, alter the material's trajectory to achieve natural settling. Other options include dust suppression funnels and coral plates. However, these structures are less adaptable to different operating conditions. Since dust removal primarily relies on the weight of the material to envelop the dust, they are less effective against very fine dust (such as PM10). Other solutions include electrostatic dust suppression and the use of chemical dust suppressants, but these also come with high costs and limited applicability to different operating conditions. Finally, there are solutions that use fans to create air curtains to isolate dust, but these solutions are still difficult to install and require precise calculation of airflow velocity and angle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The patent of this invention provides a falling material dust suppression device, which forms an air curtain structure by adjusting the air flow injection and suction air flow, thereby cushioning the impact process of the falling material and confining the dust within a certain range, and preventing the dust from escaping through filtering through the filter.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A falling material dust suppression device includes a dust suppression bin, a falling material module, an air curtain spray module, a negative pressure adsorption module, an alignment module and a transport module;

[0008] The blanking module is fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin, and the bottom outlet of the blanking module is placed in the upper inner part of the dust suppression bin. The blanking enters the dust suppression bin after being buffered by the blanking module.

[0009] The air curtain spray module is arranged on both sides of the discharge port at the bottom end of the blanking module and on the inner side of the dust suppression bin body. The negative pressure adsorption module is fixedly arranged on both sides of the dust suppression bin body and is located below the air curtain spray module. The air curtain spray module sprays airflow and the negative pressure adsorption module sucks airflow to form an air curtain structure located outside the blanking. The negative pressure adsorption module filters dust in the airflow.

[0010] The alignment module is adjustable in angle and is arranged on both inner sides of the dust suppression bin and is located below the negative pressure adsorption module. The surface of the alignment module is tilted downward and is opposite to the bottom end of the air curtain structure, and the bottom end of the surface is located directly above the bottom end outlet of the dust suppression bin.

[0011] The transport module is arranged directly below the bottom outlet of the dust suppression bin.

[0012] Furthermore, the blanking module includes a blanking inlet section, a blanking pipe section and a blanking expansion section connected in sequence, the lower half of the blanking pipe section is an inclined pipe, and the bottom end of the blanking expansion section is a trumpet-shaped expansion structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the air curtain spray module includes two groups of pneumatic nozzles arranged on both outer sides of the bottom end of the blanking expansion section and a pneumatic air knife arranged on the vertical inner wall of the dust suppression bin. The air jets of the pneumatic nozzles are inclined toward the bottom inclined side wall of the dust suppression bin, and the air jets of the pneumatic air knife are arranged vertically downward. An air compressor is fixedly installed on the top of the dust suppression bin, and a gas pipeline connected to the air outlet end of the air compressor is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the dust suppression bin. The air inlet ends of the pneumatic nozzles and the pneumatic air knife are respectively connected to the gas pipelines.

[0014] Furthermore, horizontally distributed sliding guide rails are fixedly provided on both outer sides of the bottom end of the blanking and expanding section, a slider is slidably provided on the sliding guide rail, and the pneumatic nozzle is correspondingly fixedly provided on the slider.

[0015] Furthermore, the alignment module includes an adjustment support rod arranged on the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body, an alignment plate hinged at the top on the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body, and a friction plate fixedly arranged on the surface of the alignment plate. One end of the adjustment support rod is located in the dust suppression bin body and is in sliding contact with the bottom surface of the alignment plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the transport module includes a bracket, a conveyor belt arranged on the top of the bracket, and a roller assembly arranged on the top of the bracket and located outside the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body. The top two side edges of the conveyor belt are respectively clamped between the roller assembly on the corresponding side and the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body.

[0017] Furthermore, the negative pressure adsorption module includes a sealed cavity fixedly embedded in the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin, an adsorption filter fixedly arranged at the inner opening of the sealed cavity, a dust collecting hood fixedly arranged at the outer opening of the sealed cavity, and a vacuum pump fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin and connected to the dust collecting hood.

[0018] Furthermore, at least one filter cleaning module is provided in the sealed cavity, and a driving component is provided on the outer wall of the dust suppression bin body, and the driving component drives the filter cleaning module to intermittently hit the adsorption filter.

[0019] Furthermore, the filter cleaning module includes a rotating shaft rotatably arranged at the bottom of the sealing cavity, a striking plate fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and a pressure column fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing cavity and movably inserted in the striking plate. The top of the striking plate is fixedly connected to the side close to the adsorption filter, and a rebound spring is provided on the outer side of the pressure column. The rebound spring is located on the side of the striking plate away from the adsorption filter.

[0020] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a driving mounting frame fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bottom of the dust suppression bin, a driving motor fixedly mounted on the driving mounting frame, a fan gear fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor, a toothed pulley rotatably mounted on the driving mounting frame and arranged on both sides of the fan gear, and a driven pulley rotatably arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the bottom of the dust suppression bin and fixed on the end of the rotating shaft, the fan gears are alternately meshed with the two toothed pulleys respectively, and the toothed pulley and the driven pulley located on the same side of the fan gear are connected by a belt drive.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The present invention sets up an air curtain injection module and a negative pressure adsorption module, and adopts an air curtain structure that adjusts the air flow injection and suction air flow to buffer the impact process of falling materials and confine the generated dust to a certain range. The dust is filtered through the filter to prevent it from escaping. Compared with traditional dust suppression methods, this active dust suppression method has a significantly superior dust suppression effect on fine dust.

[0023] 2. The present invention forms a dynamic air curtain through high-pressure airflow to block the diffusion of dust or gas. It does not rely on the sealing level of the mechanical structure and can effectively reduce the wear problem of rigid structures such as traditional dust suppression panels. It improves the dust suppression effect while reducing the manufacturing and use costs of the equipment.

[0024] 3. The present invention provides an adjustable structure of the pneumatic nozzle and the slider guide rail, so that the air curtain coverage range can be adjusted to adapt to different materials and flow rates, avoiding the coverage blind area problem existing in the traditional fixed air curtain method, and having better versatility;

[0025] 4. The present invention integrates a filter cleaning module in the negative pressure adsorption module, adopts intermittent power input and a pressure column spring structure to drive the striking plate to swing back and forth, and periodically shocks the adsorption filter, effectively preventing the filter holes from being blocked, without the need for downtime for maintenance, and extending the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the falling material dust suppression device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the falling material dust suppression device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the assembly state of the blanking module and the dust suppression bin;

[0029] Figure 4 The second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the assembly state of the blanking module and the dust suppression bin;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the assembly state of the blanking module and the dust suppression bin body;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the air curtain spray module;

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle part A;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the negative pressure adsorption module;

[0034] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adsorption filter and the sealing cavity in an assembled state;

[0035] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the alignment module;

[0036] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of air flow simulation during material transfer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sealed cavity;

[0038] Figure 13A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the filter cleaning module in the assembled state in the sealed cavity;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the filter cleaning module;

[0040] Figure 15 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the filter cleaning module;

[0041] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the driving component.

[0042] In the figure: 1. Blanking module; 11. Blanking inlet section; 12. Blanking pipe section; 13. Blanking expansion section; 2. Dust suppression chamber; 21. Observation window; 22. Control panel; 3. Air curtain spray module; 31. Pneumatic nozzle; 32. Pneumatic air knife; 33. Compressor; 34. Gas pipeline; 35. Compressed air container; 36. Sliding guide rail; 37. Slider; 38. Micro motor; 39. Screw; 310. Bearing seat; 311. Nut block; 4. Negative pressure adsorption module; 41. Sealing cavity; 411. Adsorption area; 412. Striking area; 413. Arc guide blind groove; 414. Arc guide through groove; 42. Adsorption filter; 43. Dust collection hood; 44. Vacuum pump; 45. Negative pressure air container; 5. Alignment module; 51. Adjusting support rod; 5 2. Alignment plate; 53. Friction plate; 54. Support seat; 55. Hinge; 6. Transport module; 61. Including bracket; 62. Conveyor belt; 63. Roller assembly; 7. Filter cleaning module; 71. Rotating shaft; 72. Strike plate; 73. Pressure column; 74. Strike column; 75. Rebound spring; 76. Guide column; 77. Sliding baffle; 78. Limit nut; 8. Drive assembly; 81. Drive mounting frame; 82. Drive motor; 83. Sector gear; 84. Toothed pulley; 85. Driven pulley; 86. Belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more precise definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed to the other component or there may be a central component.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a falling material dust suppression device, comprising a dust suppression bin 2, a falling material module 1, an air curtain spray module 3, a negative pressure adsorption module 4, a alignment module 5 and a transport module 6. Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the dust suppression bin body 2 serves as the supporting body of the entire device. It is a trapezoidal boss metal shell structure with an opening at the bottom. The overall structure is funnel-shaped, that is, the front and rear side walls are both vertically arranged trapezoidal flat plates, and the left and right side walls are relatively arranged folding plates. Openings are respectively provided on the vertical side walls on the front, left and right sides of the dust suppression bin body 2. Transparent observation windows 21 are embedded in the openings to facilitate observation of the falling conditions inside the dust suppression bin body 2 from the outside. This device involves the logical control of electrical components such as drive motors, air compressors, vacuum pumps, and solenoid valves. Therefore, corresponding logic controllers and control panels 22 need to be configured. Both use existing commercially available integrated logic controllers and can be adaptively modified to modify the corresponding control programs. The main body of the logic controller is fixedly embedded in the rear side wall of the dust suppression bin body 2, and the control panel 22 is located on the outside of the side wall to facilitate the setting of control parameters and manual input of control instructions.

[0047] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the blanking module 1 is fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin body 2, and the bottom outlet of the blanking module 1 is placed in the inner upper part of the dust suppression bin body 2. The blanking enters the dust suppression bin body 2 after being buffered by the blanking module. Specifically, the blanking module 1 includes a blanking inlet section 11, a blanking pipe section 12 and a blanking expansion section 13 connected in sequence, and all three sections are metal shell structures. The front side and bottom of the blanking inlet section 11 are open, and the bottom surface is step-shaped and open in the center. The upper half of the blanking section 12 is funnel-shaped, and the lower half is a bent inclined pipe. The top end is fixedly connected to the bottom opening of the blanking inlet section 11 by screws. The lower part of the pipe is set at an inclination angle of 15°~25° to slow down the material flow rate and guide the material flow, reducing the risk of dust escape caused by kinetic energy. A vertical extension section is set below the outlet of the blanking inlet section 11. The dust suppression chamber 2 has an open center top surface, with a rectangular annular connecting plate welded to the opening. The bottom extension of the blanking section 12 is slotted onto the top, outer side of the annular connecting plate and secured with screws. The top inlet of the blanking flare section 13 is slotted onto the lower, outer side of the annular connecting plate and secured with screws. The bottom of the blanking flare section 13 is a trumpet-shaped flared structure, with vertical flat front and rear sidewalls and outwardly curved bottom ends on the left and right sidewalls.

[0048] The air curtain spray module 3 is arranged on both sides of the discharge port at the bottom end of the blanking module 1 and the inner side of the dust suppression bin 2. Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the air curtain spray module 3 comprises two sets of pneumatic nozzles 31 located on either side of the bottom end of the blanking and expanding section 13 (specifically, on the outer walls at the bottom bend of the left and right side walls), and a pneumatic air knife 32 mounted (in this embodiment, screwed) on the vertical inner wall (specifically, the front side wall) of the dust suppression bin 2. Due to the flared structure of the blanking and expanding section 13, the air jets of the pneumatic nozzles 31 are tilted toward the bottom inclined side wall of the dust suppression bin 2, while the air jets of the pneumatic air knife 32 are positioned vertically downward. This allows the flat air jets of the pneumatic nozzles 31 to spray high-speed air downward, while the air jets of the pneumatic air knife 32 spray high-speed air vertically downward. This creates a sheet-like air curtain 2-5 mm thick on the outer side of the bottom of the blanking and expanding section 13. This, in conjunction with the alignment module 5 below, forms a closed space, isolating the interior of the dust suppression bin 2 from a sealed space. This confines the dust generated by the powder falling from the bottom of the blanking and expanding section 13 within this sealed space, preventing it from leaking out.

[0049] An air compressor 33 is fixedly mounted on the top of the dust suppression bin body 2, and a gas pipeline 34 connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 33 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the dust suppression bin body 2. Two branch tee joints are fixedly embedded (threaded connection is adopted in this embodiment) in the left, right and front side walls of the dust suppression bin body 2, and a main tee joint is provided on the outer side of the rear side wall of the dust suppression bin body 2. Each tee joint is closed by connecting the end to the end of a hard tube to form a gas pipeline 34. The branch tee joints on the left and right sides are respectively connected to the air inlet of the pneumatic nozzle 31 through a hose, the branch tee joints on the front side are respectively connected to the air inlet of the pneumatic air knife 32 through a hose, and the main tee joint on the rear side is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 33 through a hose. In this way, the compressor 33 can simultaneously supply high-pressure gas (the air pressure in this embodiment is 80~100KPa) to each pneumatic nozzle 31 and pneumatic air knife 32 through the gas pipeline 34, thereby forming a high airflow at the air jet outlet of the pneumatic nozzle 31 and the pneumatic air knife 32 to form a high-pressure air curtain.

[0050] Preferably, a compressed air container 35 is fixedly installed on the top of the dust suppression bin body 2, and the compressed air container 35 is connected in series between the compressor 33 and the main line three-way joint through a pipeline. The compressed air container 35 serves as a buffer medium between the compressor 33 and the gas pipeline 34, which can buffer the air pressure fluctuation to ensure the stability of the high-pressure gas output. Further preferably, the two outer sides of the bottom end of the blanking and expanding section 13 are respectively fixedly provided with horizontally distributed sliding guide rails 36 (connected by screws in this embodiment), and a slider 37 is slidably provided on the sliding guide rail 36, and the pneumatic nozzle 31 is correspondingly fixed on the slider 37 by screw connection. As shown Figure 7As shown, a micromotor 38 and a bearing block 310 are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the flared opening of the blanking and expanding section 13, positioned above the sliding guide rail 36. A screw 39 is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the micromotor 38. The other end of the screw 39 is rotatably connected to the bearing block 310, such that the axis of the screw 39 is parallel to the sliding guide rail 36. A nut block 311 is threadedly mounted on the screw 39, which is fixedly connected to the side of the slider 37 via screws. Thus, the micromotor 38 can be controlled by operating the external control panel 22, thereby driving the screw 39 to rotate forward or reverse. The threaded connection between the screw 39 and the nut block 311 controls the horizontal position of the pneumatic nozzle 31 (in this embodiment, the horizontal adjustment range is ±50 mm) and / or adjusts the horizontal spacing between the two pneumatic nozzles 31 on the same side, thereby adjusting the ejection position of the high-pressure airflow to suit different materials and working conditions. In addition, the shapes of the pneumatic nozzle 31 and the pneumatic air knife 32 are not unique, and different air curtain effects can be achieved by replacing different models.

[0051] The negative pressure adsorption module 4 is fixedly arranged on both inner sides of the dust suppression bin 2 and is located below the air curtain injection module 3. The air curtain injection module 3 sprays airflow and the negative pressure adsorption module 4 sucks airflow to form an air curtain structure located outside the blanking material. The negative pressure adsorption module 4 filters the dust in the airflow. Specifically, Figure 8 As shown, the negative pressure adsorption module 4 includes a sealed cavity 41 fixedly embedded in the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body 2, an adsorption filter 42 fixedly arranged at the inner opening of the sealed cavity 41, a dust collecting hood 43 fixedly arranged at the outer opening of the sealed cavity 41, and a vacuum pump 44 fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin body 2 and connected to the dust collecting hood 43. The sealed cavity 41 is a square shell structure with an inner opening. The inclined side walls at the bottom of the left and right side walls of the dust suppression bin body 2 are respectively provided with embedding openings that match the outer contour of the sealed cavity 41. The sealed cavity 51 is embedded in the embedding opening and fixed by screws. The adsorption filter 42 is a mesh metal plate, which can be detachably fastened to the inner opening of the sealed cavity 41 to facilitate the loading and unloading operations of the adsorption filter 42, as shown in FIG. Figure 9 The dust hood 43 is a frustum-shaped shell structure. An opening is defined on the outer wall of the sealed cavity 51. The dust hood 43 is located outside the opening and is fixed to the outer wall of the sealed cavity 51 by screws. The two dust hoods 43 on either side are connected to the two ports of the suction tee connector via pipes. The other port of the suction tee connector is connected to the suction port of the vacuum pump 44 via pipes.

[0052] When the true air pump 44 is working, it generates negative pressure gas (-3kPa~-1kPa in this embodiment), and then generates a directional adsorption airflow on the surface of the adsorption filter 42 through the air path, thereby forming a negative pressure area, which cooperates with the high-pressure gas ejected by the air curtain injection module 3 to form a high-pressure air curtain with a pressure gradient, so that the scattered dust is enriched in the surface area of ​​the adsorption filter 42 under the dual effects of air curtain barrier and negative pressure adsorption, and the particulate matter in the dust is filtered by the adsorption filter 42 and separated from the air flow. Preferably, a negative pressure air container 45 is fixedly provided at the top of the dust suppression bin body 2. The negative pressure air container 45 is connected in series to the pipeline between the vacuum pump 44 and the suction three-way joint, and serves as a buffer medium between the vacuum pump 44 and the air path. It can buffer air pressure fluctuations and stabilize the airflow. At the same time, a filtering device can be set in the negative pressure air container 45 to achieve a secondary dust filtration effect on the adsorption airflow to prevent dust from overflowing.

[0053] The alignment module 5 is arranged at both inner sides of the dust suppression chamber 2 and is located below the negative pressure adsorption module 4. The surface of the alignment module 5 is tilted downward and opposite to the bottom of the air curtain structure, and the bottom of the surface is located directly above the bottom outlet of the dust suppression chamber 2. Figure 10 As shown, the alignment module 5 includes an adjustment support rod 51 provided on the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body 2, an alignment plate 52 whose top is hingedly connected to the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body 2, and a friction plate 53 fixedly provided on the surface of the alignment plate 52. One end of the adjustment support rod 51 located inside the dust suppression bin body 2 is in sliding contact with the bottom surface of the alignment plate 52. A support seat 54 is fixedly connected to the inclined side wall of the bottom of the dust suppression bin body 2 via screws. The adjustment support rod 51 is threadedly connected to the support seat 54. The top end of the alignment plate 52 is hingedly connected to the inner wall of the dust suppression bin body 2 via a hinge 55. By adjusting the connection position of the support rod 51 on the support seat 54 through threaded connection, its length below the alignment plate 52, that is, the supporting contact position of its end portion with the bottom surface of the alignment plate 52, can be adjusted accordingly, thereby changing the inclination angle of the alignment plate 52 (in this embodiment, the horizontal angle range is 5°~30°), ensuring that the material falls stably into the center line position area of ​​the bottom discharge port of the dust suppression bin body 2, eliminating the dust diffusion caused by the deviation of the powder during the falling process.

[0054] Preferably, a ball head is fixedly mounted on one end of the adjustment support rod 51 within the dust suppression chamber 2 to facilitate relative sliding between the end of the adjustment support rod 51 and the bottom surface of the alignment plate 52. A friction plate 53 is fixedly embedded on the top surface of the alignment plate 52, and its surface is provided with a crisscrossing groove texture to increase the degree of resistance to particles rolling down its surface.

[0055] During the specific working process, the material is fed into the equipment from the blanking inlet section 11, and enters the dust suppression bin body 2 after appropriate buffering and deceleration through the blanking pipe section 12 and the blanking expansion 13. The landing point of the material is corrected in real time by the alignment module 5. During the falling process, the dust spreads and flies rapidly, and a large amount of high-concentration dust appears in the dust suppression bin body 2. The air curtain injection module 3 and the negative pressure adsorption module 4 cooperate to form a surround-type air curtain to close the dust diffusion channel and induce regular airflow. The air curtain and the alignment module 5 form a closed space, and the escaped dust is blocked in the air curtain and falls on the surface area of ​​the adsorption filter 42 with the air flow. The steady-state air velocity cloud map obtained by simulation is shown in the figure Figure 11 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that after the air curtain is formed, the air in the flow field flows from top to bottom in a regular pattern. The air curtain forms a closed space on all sides and forms a regular downward airflow of 0.5-1m / s. The bottom discharge port of dust suppression silo 2 creates a low pressure zone of -2000-1000Pa, which cooperates with the pressure difference at the top inlet to prevent material blockage.

[0056] The transport module 6 is arranged just below the bottom outlet of the dust suppression bin for continuous transport of materials. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the transport module 6 includes a bracket 61, a conveyor belt 62 mounted on top of the bracket 61, and a roller assembly 63 mounted on top of the bracket 61 and located outside the bottom sidewall of the dust suppression bin 2. The top and side edges of the conveyor belt 62 are respectively clamped between the corresponding roller assemblies 63 and the bottom sidewall of the dust suppression bin 2. The conveyor belt 62 is a flexible rubber conveyor belt that rotates continuously under the drive of a conveying drive mechanism (not shown). Its top surface receives material discharged from the bottom discharge port of the dust suppression bin 2 and continuously transports it. The rollers of the roller assembly 63 are parallel to the inclined sidewalls of the bottom of the dust suppression bin 2, and they correct the path and deform the edges of the top portion of the conveyor belt 62, causing the conveyor belt 62 to wrap around both sides of the bottom of the dust suppression bin 2, further preventing the generation of fine dust when material falls from the dust suppression bin 2 onto the surface of the conveyor belt 62. Preferably, a wear-resistant layer is coated on the outer wall of the bottom of the dust suppression bin body 2 that is in direct contact with the conveyor belt 62 or a wear-resistant plate is installed to reduce the damage to the dust suppression bin body 2 caused by the friction of the belt.

[0057] In another embodiment, two filter cleaning modules 7 are further provided in the sealed cavity 41, and a driving component 8 is provided on the outer wall of the dust suppression bin body 2. When the material transportation stops and the air curtain injection module 3 and the negative pressure adsorption module 4 are not running, the driving component 8 drives the filter cleaning module 7 to intermittently hit the adsorption filter 42, so that the dust adsorbed on the adsorption filter 42 vibrates and falls off, thereby realizing self-cleaning of the adsorption filter 42.

[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 12As shown, two vertically arranged partitions are fixedly arranged inside the sealed cavity 41, so that the interior of the sealed cavity 41 is divided into three chambers, namely an adsorption area 411 in the middle and two striking areas 412 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the adsorption area 411. The outer wall corresponding to the adsorption area 411 is connected to the flange of the above-mentioned dust collecting cover 43 by screws, which is a completely closed adsorption working area. The adsorption filter 42 is snap-fitted at the inner opening of the sealed cavity 41, covering the three chambers. An arc-shaped guide groove 414 with a stroke of ±15mm is provided on the side wall of the sealed cavity 41, and an arc-shaped guide blind groove 413 is provided on the side of the partition located in the striking area 412, which is matched with the arc-shaped motion guide groove 414. An axial hole 416 (with a diameter of 12mm in this embodiment) is provided through the bottom of the side wall and the partition. As shown Figure 13 As shown, two filter cleaning modules 7 are rotatably disposed in two striking areas 412. Driven by external power, they swing back and forth in the striking areas 412 to shock the adsorption filter 42. This design can prevent dust from escaping into the striking areas 412 and increase the service life of the workpiece.

[0059] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the filter cleaning module 7 includes a rotating shaft 71 rotatably mounted at the bottom of the sealing cavity 41, a striking plate 72 fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 71, and a pressure column 73 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing cavity 41 and movably inserted into the striking plate 72. A striking column 74 is fixedly connected to the top of the striking plate 72 near the adsorption filter 42. A rebound spring 75 is sleeved on the outside of the pressure column 74 and is located on the side of the striking plate 72 away from the adsorption filter 42. Specifically, the rotating shaft 71 is rotatably inserted into the shaft hole 416 via a bearing, and one end thereof extends to the outside of the sealing cavity 41 for transmitting external power to the striking plate 72. A guide column 76 is inserted into the top end of the pressure column 74, and a shaft sleeve is provided on the outer side of the end of the guide column 76. The shaft sleeve on one side is rotatably set in the arc-shaped guide blind groove 413, and the shaft sleeve on the other side is rotatably set in the arc-shaped guide through groove 414. When the external power drives the rotating shaft 71 to rotate, the rotating shaft 71 drives the striking plate 72 to swing synchronously.

[0060] One end of the pressure column 74 is threadedly secured to the sidewall of the sealing chamber 41 and positioned perpendicular to the adsorption filter 42. A waist-shaped hole is defined at the top of the striking plate 72, and the other end of the pressure column 74 is movably inserted into the waist-shaped hole, preventing the pressure column 74 from interfering with the reciprocating motion of the striking plate 72. A sliding stopper 77, located inside the waist-shaped hole, is sleeved on the pressure column 74 and a limit nut 78, located outside the waist-shaped hole, is threadedly connected thereto. The two ends of the rebound spring 75 are in contact with or fixedly connected to the base surface of the pressure column 74 and the inner side surface of the sliding stopper 77, respectively. When the rotating shaft 71 drives the striking plate 72 to swing toward the side away from the adsorption filter 42, the rebound spring 75 is gradually compressed to the maximum to complete the energy storage; then the input power of the rotating shaft 71 disappears, the internal energy of the rebound spring 75 is released and the deformation is restored to push the striking plate 72 to swing rapidly toward the side of the adsorption filter 42, so that the striking column 74 on the top of the striking plate 72 quickly hits the adsorption filter 42. Under the repeated rebound and oscillation action of the striking plate 72, the adsorption filter 42 is periodically struck, and the dust accumulated on the dust filter is removed to prevent clogging.

[0061] like Figure 16 As shown, the drive assembly 8 includes a drive mounting frame 81 fixedly mounted on the bottom outer wall of the dust suppression bin body 2, a drive motor 82 fixedly mounted on the drive mounting frame 81, a fan gear 83 fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 82, a toothed pulley 84 rotatably mounted on the drive mounting frame 81 and arranged on both sides of the fan gear 83, and a driven pulley 85 rotatably arranged on both sides of the bottom outer wall of the dust suppression bin body 2 and fixedly arranged on the end of the rotating shaft 71. The fan gear 83 is alternately meshed with the two toothed pulleys 84 respectively, and the toothed pulley 84 and the driven pulley 85 located on the same side of the fan gear 83 are connected through a belt 86.

[0062] Specifically, the drive mounting frame 81 is a square shell structure with a single-side opening. The edge of the opening side is integrally provided with a flange, which is fixed to the bottom of the rear side wall of the dust suppression chamber body 2 by screws. The drive motor 82 is fixed to the outer surface of the drive mounting frame 81 by screws, and its output shaft is movable through the inner side of the drive mounting frame 81. The sector gear 83 and the toothed pulley 84 are both located on the inner side of the drive mounting frame 81. The toothed pulley 84 is a structure in which a gear and a pulley are integrated. A gear shaft is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the drive mounting frame 81, and the toothed pulley 84 is rotatably mounted on the gear shaft via a bearing. Notches are provided on both side walls of the drive mounting frame 81 to allow the belt 86 to pass through smoothly.

[0063] In this embodiment, the sector gear 83 is designed with an effective engagement angle of 120°. After power transmission is completed within the engagement angle range (0°-120°), torque transmission is automatically cut off in the disengagement range (120°-360°), achieving a single striking cycle. The toothed pulleys 84 on either side operate alternately, forming a bidirectional striking sequence. A belt 86 drives the driven pulley 85 and the toothed pulleys 84. By setting different transmission ratios, intermittent power is transmitted at a reduced frequency to the striking plate 72, thereby intermittently shocking the adsorption filter 42, cleaning the filter and preventing clogging caused by excessive dust absorption. Preferably, in order to adapt to the needs of different materials, the single swing amplitude of the striking plate 72 is adjusted by replacing the sector gear 83 with different wrap angles (the wrap angle range is 120°~180°), and the impact intensity can be adjusted by adjusting the preload force of the rebound spring 75, such as 50~200N. By replacing the striking column 74 with different hardness, the material type of the adsorption filter 42 can be adapted.

[0064] In specific applications, when a material conveying stop signal is received (e.g., when the conveyor belt speed sensor detects a value less than 0.1 m / s for 60 seconds), the cleaning process automatically initiates. The air curtain spray module 3 and the negative pressure adsorption module 4 cease operation, and dust adsorption within the hopper is complete. Due to prolonged operation, a large amount of dust has accumulated on the surface of the adsorption filter 42. At this point, the drive motor 82 provides kinetic energy, driving the filter cleaning modules 7 on both sides to operate alternately, completing the self-cleaning process of the adsorption filter 42 on both sides.

[0065] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A falling material dust suppression device, characterized by: It includes dust suppression silo, blanking module, air curtain spray module, negative pressure adsorption module, alignment module and transportation module; The blanking module is fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin, and the bottom outlet of the blanking module is placed in the upper inner part of the dust suppression bin. The blanking enters the dust suppression bin after being buffered by the blanking module. The air curtain spray module is arranged on both sides of the discharge port at the bottom end of the blanking module and on the inner side of the dust suppression bin body. The negative pressure adsorption module is fixedly arranged on both sides of the dust suppression bin body and is located below the air curtain spray module. The air curtain spray module sprays airflow and the negative pressure adsorption module sucks airflow to form an air curtain structure located outside the blanking. The negative pressure adsorption module filters dust in the airflow. The alignment module is adjustable in angle and is arranged on both inner sides of the dust suppression bin and is located below the negative pressure adsorption module. The surface of the alignment module is tilted downward and is opposite to the bottom end of the air curtain structure, and the bottom end of the surface is located directly above the bottom end outlet of the dust suppression bin. The transport module is arranged directly below the bottom outlet of the dust suppression bin; The blanking module includes a blanking inlet section, a blanking pipe section and a blanking expansion section connected in sequence, the lower half of the blanking pipe section is an inclined pipe, and the bottom end of the blanking expansion section is a trumpet-shaped expansion structure; The air curtain spray module includes two groups of pneumatic nozzles arranged on both outer sides of the bottom end of the blanking expansion section and a pneumatic air knife arranged on the vertical inner wall of the dust suppression bin. The air jets of the pneumatic nozzles are inclined toward the bottom inclined side wall of the dust suppression bin, and the air jets of the pneumatic air knife are arranged vertically downward. An air compressor is fixedly installed on the top of the dust suppression bin, and a gas pipeline connected to the air outlet end of the air compressor is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the dust suppression bin. The air inlet ends of the pneumatic nozzles and the pneumatic air knife are respectively connected to the gas pipeline.

2. The falling material dust suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Horizontally distributed sliding guide rails are fixedly provided on both outer sides of the bottom end of the blanking and expanding section, and sliders are slidably provided on the sliding guide rails. The pneumatic nozzles are correspondingly fixedly provided on the sliders.

3. The falling material dust suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alignment module includes an adjustment support rod arranged on the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body, an alignment plate hinged at the top on the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body, and a friction plate fixedly arranged on the surface of the alignment plate. One end of the adjustment support rod is located in the dust suppression bin body and is in sliding contact with the bottom surface of the alignment plate.

4. The falling material dust suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transport module includes a bracket, a conveyor belt arranged on the top of the bracket, and a roller assembly arranged on the top of the bracket and located outside the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body. The top two side edges of the conveyor belt are respectively clamped between the roller assembly on the corresponding side and the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin body.

5. The falling material dust suppression device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The negative pressure adsorption module includes a sealed cavity fixedly embedded in the bottom side wall of the dust suppression bin, an adsorption filter fixedly arranged at the inner opening of the sealed cavity, a dust collecting hood fixedly arranged at the outer opening of the sealed cavity, and a vacuum pump fixedly arranged on the top of the dust suppression bin and connected to the dust collecting hood.

6. The falling material dust suppression device according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least one filter cleaning module is further provided in the sealed cavity, and a driving component is provided on the outer wall of the dust suppression bin body, and the driving component drives the filter cleaning module to intermittently hit the adsorption filter.

7. The falling material dust suppression device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filter cleaning module includes a rotating shaft rotatably arranged at the bottom of the sealing cavity, a striking plate fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and a pressure column fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing cavity and movably inserted in the striking plate. The top of the striking plate is fixedly connected to the side close to the adsorption filter, and a rebound spring is provided on the outer side of the pressure column. The rebound spring is located on the side of the striking plate away from the adsorption filter.

8. The falling material dust suppression device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a driving mounting frame fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bottom of the dust suppression bin, a driving motor fixedly mounted on the driving mounting frame, a sector gear fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor, a toothed pulley rotatably mounted on the driving mounting frame and arranged on both sides of the sector gear, and a driven pulley rotatably arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the bottom of the dust suppression bin and fixed on the end of the rotating shaft, the sector gears are alternately meshed with the two toothed pulleys respectively, and the toothed pulley and the driven pulley located on the same side of the sector gear are connected by a belt drive.

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