Electrode material for purifying and disinfecting drinking water as well as preparation and application of electrode material

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrode material for purifying and disinfecting drinking water as well as preparation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of drinking water purification. An Ag nano structure and an Au nano structure are sequentially constructed on a plastic base material, the electrode material is endowed with excellent antibacterial and catalytic performance, the Ag nano structure is formed through acid treatment and precursor solution soaking, and the preliminary antibacterial performance is endowed; the antibacterial effect is enhanced by micro-emulsion soaking; the microemulsion A and the solution B are mixed to prepare a spraying solution, a stable Au nanostructure is formed after spraying, an electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction is promoted, the H2O2 generation efficiency is improved, hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid and acrylamide are used in cooperation, the Au dosage and the complexing temperature are adjusted, a microcosmic honeycomb structure is formed, and the H2O2 concentration is remarkably improved. The electrode material has antibacterial performance, also has excellent conductivity and catalytic activity, is stable in purification effect before and after use, can be repeatedly used, and has wide application prospects in the fields of drinking water purification and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical advanced oxidation electrode material design and application, and in particular to an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection, and the preparation and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and increased health awareness, the demand for drinking water quality has become increasingly stringent. Drinking water purification technology, a key component in ensuring drinking water safety, has made significant progress in recent years. The variety of purification technologies has gradually increased, and research on filtration and purification materials has continued to deepen, significantly driving the development of drinking water treatment. Currently, there are three main types of purification technologies: 1) Activated carbon filtration technology. Due to its high decontamination efficiency and ease of use, activated carbon technology is widely used in water purification plants and household water purification systems. However, the limited adsorption range of activated carbon directly affects the water purification effect, making it difficult to completely remove all pollutants in the water. In addition, the large pores on the surface of activated carbon can easily become breeding grounds for pathogens and microorganisms over long-term operation, leading to secondary contamination of drinking water. 2) Membrane separation technology. Membrane separation technology is widely used in drinking water purification and includes microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. However, in drinking water purification, when membrane separation technology is used, the problem of membrane fouling is more prominent, which will significantly reduce the filtration performance of the membrane and affect the purification effect; at the same time, the membrane regeneration technology is not mature enough, and the membrane components need to be replaced within a certain period of time, which not only increases the difficulty of operation, but also leads to a significant increase in treatment costs. 3. Chlorine disinfection and ozone disinfection technology are important means of sterilization and disinfection of drinking water. Such technologies can effectively kill bacterial and viral microorganisms in drinking water, thereby preventing the spread of water-borne diseases. However, the application effect of such disinfection methods is affected by many factors, such as water temperature, water turbidity and pH value, chlorine addition amount, and microbial species, which makes it difficult to stably control the disinfection effect; in addition, when applying chlorine disinfection technology, by-products are easily produced. These by-products are potentially harmful to human health and increase the safety risk of drinking water.

[0003] As an environmentally friendly, strong oxidant, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has shown tremendous potential for application in disinfection, water treatment, chemical engineering, and even energy. Its reaction products are only H2O and O2, which do not introduce new pollutants, aligning with the concept of green environmental development. In drinking water treatment, electrochemical oxygen reduction (O2) produces H2O2 through a reduction reaction at the cathode. When H2O2 reaches high concentrations, it can effectively oxidize and degrade organic matter in water, demonstrating excellent drinking water treatment capabilities. Furthermore, the O2 reduction process also produces a variety of oxygen-active species, which are beneficial for removing organic matter such as viruses and microorganisms from drinking water, providing a new and effective approach for drinking water purification. Although electrochemical H2O2 production technology has made considerable progress, existing electrode materials still have significant limitations, hindering its further development in drinking water purification. Currently, carbon-based materials such as carbon felt, activated carbon fiber, and graphite felt are commonly used as electrode materials for H2O2 production due to their excellent conductivity, ease of availability, and commercial availability. However, due to the low oxygen reduction reaction activity of these materials, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide they produce is limited, restricting their promotion and application in the field of electrochemical drinking water treatment. In addition, existing electrode materials generally have poor antibacterial properties and are difficult to effectively kill microorganisms in water, further limiting their promotion and application in the field of electrochemical drinking water treatment. Therefore, the development of a new electrochemical oxygen reduction H2O2 production electrode material is of great significance to promote its promotion and application in electrochemical drinking water purification technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the current technical status that existing electrochemical oxygen reduction electrode materials for producing H2O2 have low oxygen reduction reaction activity in drinking water purification, resulting in limited H2O2 concentration; and poor antibacterial properties, making it difficult to effectively kill microorganisms in water; these problems limit their effectiveness in drinking water purification and application promotion. The present invention provides an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection, as well as its preparation and application, which solves the problems of insufficient activity and poor antibacterial properties of oxygen reduction electrodes for producing hydrogen peroxide, and effectively improves the effect of drinking water treatment technology based on electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection, comprising: S1, placing the plastic substrate into an acid solution for heating and soaking, and drying to obtain a pretreated substrate; The plastic substrate is any one of engineering plastics (ABS), PP, PV and PE; S2, soaking the pretreated substrate in a precursor mixed solution and vacuum drying to obtain a dry substrate; the precursor mixed solution is obtained by heating and stirring a metal silver salt, an organic solvent, isopropyl alcohol, and a dispersant in a vacuum; the metal silver salt is any one of silver nitrate, silver sulfate, and silver chloride; the organic solvent is any one of dichloropropane, dichloromethane, and trichloroethane, or a combination of two thereof; and the dispersant is any one of polycarboxylate, ethylene glycol, or isopropylamine; S3, adding the dry substrate into the microemulsion, soaking, and vacuum drying to obtain an antibacterial substrate; the microemulsion is obtained by ultrasonically vibrating a mixed solution of glucose, tartaric acid, and a precursor; S4, mixing microemulsion A and solution B to prepare a spray solution; The microemulsion A is obtained by heating and stirring a metal gold salt, a metal complexing agent, and citric acid; the metal gold salt is any one of chloroauric acid, gold chloride, and potassium chloroaurate; the metal complexing agent is any one of isopropyl alcohol, diethyl phthalate, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, dihydroxyethylglycine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or a combination of two thereof; The solution B is obtained by dissolving sodium nitrite, acrylamide and Nafion solution in deionized water; S5, spraying the spraying liquid onto the antibacterial substrate, microwave drying, and freeze drying to obtain an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection.

[0006] In S1, the heating temperature is 40°C to 80°C, and the soaking time is 10 min to 30 min.

[0007] In S2, the mass ratio of the metal silver salt to the organic solvent, isopropyl alcohol and dispersant is 1-3:1-10:3-5:2-6.

[0008] Furthermore, the dispersant is ethylene glycol oxalate.

[0009] In S3, the mass ratio of the glucose, tartaric acid and precursor mixed solution is 1-6:1-3:2-12.

[0010] In S4, the mass ratio of the metal gold salt, the metal complexing agent and the citric acid is 10-15:1-6:3-6; the mass ratio of the sodium nitrite, acrylamide and the Nafion solution is 1-3:1-10:3-6.

[0011] In S4, the mass ratio of the microemulsion A to the solution B is 1:140-150.

[0012] Furthermore, the concentration of the Nafion solution is 5%, and the solvent is perfluorosulfonic acid.

[0013] In S5, the microwave drying is performed for 0.5 h to 2 h under the conditions of an Ar gas flow rate of 5 L / min to 20 L / min, a microwave power of 500 W to 1500 W, and a temperature of 80° C. to 150° C.

[0014] In S5, the freeze drying is performed at a power of 500 W to 1200 W and a temperature of -20°C to -10°C for 10 min to 30 min.

[0015] The electrode material for purifying and disinfecting drinking water is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0016] The specific surface area of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection is 1800 m 2 / g~3200 m 2 / g, the hydrophilic angle is 60°~80°, the porosity is 75%~90%, the average pore size is 0.14 μm~3.5 μm, and the pore volume is 0.15 cm 3 / g~0.65cm 3 / g.

[0017] The above-mentioned electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection is used in drinking water purification, wherein the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection serves as a cathode.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: The present invention provides a method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection, and proposes a new method for preparing an electrode material. The method sequentially constructs Ag nanostructures and Au nanostructures on a plastic substrate through a series of carefully designed steps, thereby giving the electrode material excellent antibacterial and catalytic properties. Through acid treatment and immersion in a precursor solution, Ag ions form uniformly dispersed Ag nanostructures on the surface of the substrate, giving the electrode material preliminary antibacterial properties; the dry substrate is immersed in a microemulsion obtained by ultrasonically oscillating a mixed solution of glucose, tartaric acid and a precursor, and the glucose and tartaric acid produce a synergistic antibacterial effect with the Ag nanostructure, further enhancing the electrode material's ability to kill microorganisms and improving the drinking water purification and disinfection effect; microemulsion A (containing a metal gold salt, a metal complexing agent and citric acid) is mixed with solution B (containing sodium nitrite, acrylamide and Nafion solution) to prepare a spray solution, which is sprayed on the antibacterial substrate to form a stable Au nanostructure. The Au nanostructure has good catalytic activity, can promote the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction, and improve the in-situ generation efficiency of H2O2; the use of the metal complexing agent and acrylamide It helps Au ions form a stable crystalline structure, prevents the agglomeration and shedding of Au nanoparticles, and increases the stability of the catalytic layer; Ag nanostructures can effectively kill microorganisms in drinking water, and Au nanostructures can promote electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions, generate highly oxidizing hydrogen peroxide in situ, and further oxidize and decompose organic pollutants, providing a basis for drinking water purification and disinfection; the nanoscale active catalytic layer is uniformly loaded in the porous structure, improving oxygen adsorption and electrical conductivity, and facilitating the efficient production of H2O2; microwaves are combined with freeze-drying to increase the material reaction interface and microchannel structure, enhance the active sites of the catalytic reaction, improve the efficiency of oxygen reduction to produce H2O2, and enhance the drinking water purification effect; the entire preparation method has clear steps and is relatively simple to operate. It does not require complex equipment and harsh reaction conditions, is easy to achieve industrial production, and has broad application prospects.

[0019] Furthermore, by using hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid and acrylamide in combination, adjusting the Au dosage, and making Au appear in a stable crystal form to form a microscopic honeycomb structure through complexation reaction, and at the same time adjusting the complexation temperature, the prepared electrode material achieved a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1335 mg / L within 1 hour; the present electrode material also has antibacterial properties. The prepared electrode material was immersed in Staphylococcus aureus culture medium for 60 minutes, and the average reduction value of the number of recovered growing bacteria per milliliter reached 99.9%. It has good antibacterial and bactericidal properties and can kill bacteria in the drinking water purification process.

[0020] The electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection provided by the present invention utilizes a plastic substrate to swell with a high-temperature solvent, thereby retaining Ag ions on the plastic surface. The infiltrated portion is embedded in the plastic surface like a rivet, making the inner layer structure dense. The outer layer forms an Au nano-electrocatalytic active layer through a complex reduction reaction. The material not only has excellent conductivity and catalytic activity, but also provides more electron transfer space and electrocatalytic active sites through the high dispersion and spatiality of metal nanomaterials, significantly improving the efficiency of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction to produce H2O2, and having a high-efficiency drinking water disinfection and purification function. The purification effect is stable before and after use, which is conducive to repeated use and reduces the cost of use.

[0021] The application of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection provided by the present invention has the ability to efficiently produce H2O2 and purify and disinfect drinking water, and the removal effect before and after use is stable, which is conducive to multiple reuse, providing broad application prospects for the material in the fields of drinking water purification, environmental protection, energy, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a surface electron microscope scan of the electrode material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the electrode material prepared in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of hydrogen peroxide production between the electrode material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention and commercial traditional carbon-based materials; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the effect of the electrode material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention in treating drinking water; Figure 5 Comparison chart of continuous operation capability test of the electrode material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] If no specific experimental steps or conditions are specified in the examples, the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in this field can be used. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all commercially available conventional reagents.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all experimental raw materials used are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0026] Specific surface area: refers to the total surface area per unit mass of a substance. The commonly used detection method is the BET method.

[0027] Porosity refers to the percentage of pore volume in a material to the total volume. It can be measured using mercury intrusion or gas adsorption combined with relevant models. Mercury intrusion measures the volume of mercury that enters the pores at different pressures, which yields a pore diameter distribution and, in turn, porosity.

[0028] Pore volume refers to the total volume of pores per unit mass of a material and can also be measured using mercury intrusion or gas adsorption. During mercury intrusion testing, the total volume of mercury that enters the sample's pores is measured and divided by the sample's mass to determine the pore volume.

[0029] 1. Specific implementation cases Example 1 This embodiment provides an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection. The specific preparation process is as follows: The ABS substrate was placed in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution, heated at 40°C for 10 min, and dried at 80°C to prepare a pretreated substrate. 2 g of silver nitrate, 2 g of dichloropropane, 9 mL of isopropyl alcohol, and 4 g of ethylene glycol oxalate were mixed and heated at 70°C for 2 h to obtain a mixture. The mixture was placed in a reactor and reacted at 300°C for 1 h at a pressure of 2 MPa to obtain a precursor mixed solution. The pretreated substrate was immersed in the precursor mixed solution for 1 h and then vacuum dried at 80°C for 30 min to obtain a dry substrate. 4 g of glucose and 4 g of tartaric acid were weighed and added to 14 mL of the precursor mixture solution. Ultrasonic vibration was then applied to obtain a microemulsion. The dry substrate was soaked in the microemulsion for 1.5 h and then vacuum-dried at 80 °C for 2 h to obtain the antibacterial substrate. Weigh 5 g of potassium chloroaurate, 0.5 g of hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and 1.5 g of citric acid, mix them, and ultrasonically stir them at 70 °C for 0.5 h to obtain microemulsion A. Weigh 4 g of sodium nitrite, 4 g of acrylamide, and 12 mL of Nafion solution (5% fluorosulfonic acid by mass) and dissolve them in deionized water to 1 L to obtain solution B. Slowly add microemulsion A to solution B and stir evenly to obtain a spray solution.

[0030] The spray liquid was sprayed onto the antibacterial substrate and then subjected to microwave drying and freeze drying in sequence. The microwave drying conditions were: 500 W, 80 °C, and Ar gas flow rate of 5 L / min for 0.5 h; the freeze drying conditions were: 500 W, -20 °C for 10 min to obtain the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection.

[0031] See attached Figure 1 The microstructure of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment was tested using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 1 It can be seen that the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment has a unique microscopic honeycomb structure. This honeycomb structure has obvious differences between the inner and outer layers. The inner layer structure is dense, which provides a stable skeleton support for the entire electrode material and ensures the structural integrity of the material during the electrochemical reaction process; the outer layer forms an Au nano-electrocatalytic active layer through a complex reduction reaction. The active layer is tightly combined with the inner layer to jointly construct a stable porous network; the surface of the honeycomb structure is evenly loaded with a large number of particles with a diameter of 200 nm. The presence of these particles further increases the surface roughness and the number of active sites of the material, providing more channels for oxygen transmission, so that oxygen can reach the reaction sites faster and more efficiently, thereby facilitating the electrochemical reaction and significantly improving the electrochemical H2O2 production performance of the material.

[0032] The specific surface area of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment was tested using a specific surface area analyzer and was 2000 m 2 / g, the porosity of the electrode material tested by mercury intrusion method is 75%, the hydrophilic angle is 70°, the average pore size is 0.24 μm, and the pore volume of the electrode material tested by mercury intrusion method is 0.45 cm 3 / g.

[0033] In summary, this embodiment successfully prepared an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection with excellent H2O2 production performance. The electrode material exhibits good hydrophilicity, electron transfer performance and dielectric transport performance in drinking water treatment. The good hydrophilicity enables the material to better contact with water, improving the adsorption and catalytic efficiency of pollutants in the water; the excellent electron transfer performance ensures the efficient conduction of the electrochemical reaction, can quickly convert electrical energy into chemical energy, and produce enough H2O2 for disinfection and purification. The dielectric transport performance ensures the smooth transmission of reactants and products within the material, improving the overall efficiency of the reaction; this electrode material with excellent H2O2 production performance provides new ideas and methods for the development of the drinking water treatment field.

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment provides an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection. The specific preparation process is as follows: The PP substrate was placed in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution, heated at 80°C for 30 minutes, and dried at 80°C to obtain a pretreated substrate.

[0035] 5 g of silver nitrate, 5 g of dichloropropane, 15 mL of isopropyl alcohol, and 10 g of ethylene glycol oxalate were mixed and heated at 120 °C with stirring for 5 h to obtain a mixture. The mixture was placed in a reactor and reacted at 500 °C at a pressure of 6 MPa for 3 h to obtain a precursor mixed solution. The pretreated substrate was immersed in the precursor mixed solution for 1 h and then vacuum dried at 80 °C for 30 min to obtain a dry substrate.

[0036] 3 g of glucose and 4 g of tartaric acid were weighed and added to 10 mL of the precursor mixture solution. The mixture was ultrasonically shaken to obtain a microemulsion. The dry substrate was soaked in the microemulsion for 0.5 h and then vacuum-dried at 80 °C for 2 h to obtain the antibacterial substrate. Weigh 15 g of potassium chloroaurate, 3 g of hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and 3 g of citric acid, mix them, heat to 120 °C and stir ultrasonically for 2 h to obtain microemulsion A. Weigh 3 g of sodium nitrite, 10 g of acrylamide, and 15 mL of Nafion solution (5% fluorosulfonic acid by mass) and dissolve them in deionized water to 1 L to obtain solution B. Slowly add microemulsion A to solution B and stir evenly to obtain a spray solution.

[0037] The spray solution was sprayed onto an antibacterial substrate and then subjected to microwave drying and freeze drying, respectively. Microwave drying conditions were: 1500W, 150°C, and an Ar gas flow rate of 20 L / min for 2 h. Freeze drying conditions were: 1200W, -10°C for 30 min, to obtain an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection.

[0038] See attached Figure 2 , is a physical picture of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment. Figure 2 It can be seen that the surface of the electrode material used for drinking water purification and disinfection is uniformly rough. The evenly distributed rough structure on the surface of the material increases its surface area, providing more adsorption sites for oxygen molecules. Oxygen molecules are more likely to stay on the surface of the material and adsorb. This adsorption effect is crucial for electrocatalytic reactions because it can promote effective contact between oxygen molecules and the active sites of the catalyst, thereby improving the H2O2 production performance; the rough surface structure also helps to improve the stability of the catalyst, which can reduce the shedding and agglomeration of the catalyst during the reaction.

[0039] Further testing showed that the specific surface area of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment was 1800 m2 / g, the hydrophilic angle is 75°, the porosity is 88%, the average pore diameter is 0.16 μm, and the pore volume is 0.25 cm 3 / g.

[0040] In summary, the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment has a uniformly rough surface structure and specific properties such as specific surface area, hydrophilic angle, porosity, average pore size, and pore volume, and exhibits good performance and stability in the electrocatalytic H2O2 production reaction. Its surface structure increases the adsorption sites of oxygen molecules, promoting effective contact between oxygen molecules and the active sites of the catalyst; its hydrophilicity is conducive to the wetting and diffusion of reactants; and its pore structure provides channels and more active sites for the reaction, while also improving the stability of the material. These characteristics make this electrocatalyst potentially valuable for application in related electrocatalysis fields.

[0041] Example 3 This embodiment provides an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection. The specific preparation process is as follows: The PE substrate was placed in concentrated sulfuric acid solution, heated at 50°C for 20 min, and dried at 80°C to prepare a pretreated substrate. 10 g of silver nitrate, 12 g of dichloropropane, 30 mL of isopropyl alcohol, and 20 g of ethylene glycol oxalate were mixed, added, and heated and stirred at 80° C. for 3 h to obtain a mixture, which was placed in a reactor and reacted at a pressure of 4 MPa and 250° C. for 1.5 h to obtain a precursor mixed solution; a pretreated substrate was placed in the precursor mixed solution and soaked for 1 h, and then vacuum dried at 80° C. for 30 min to obtain the dried substrate; 6 g of glucose and 8 g of tartaric acid were weighed and added to 18 mL of the precursor mixture solution. Ultrasonic vibration was applied to obtain a microemulsion. The dry substrate was soaked in the microemulsion for 1 hour and then vacuum-dried at 80°C for 2 hours to obtain the antibacterial substrate. Weigh 30 g of potassium chloroaurate, 5 g of hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and 10 g of citric acid, mix them, heat to 120 °C and stir ultrasonically for 2 h to obtain microemulsion A. Weigh 12 g of sodium nitrite, 12 g of acrylamide, and 40 mL of Nafion solution (5% fluorosulfonic acid by mass) and dissolve them in deionized water to 1 L to obtain solution B. Slowly add microemulsion A to solution B and stir evenly to obtain a spray solution.

[0042] The spray solution was sprayed onto an antibacterial substrate and then subjected to microwave drying and freeze drying, respectively. Microwave drying conditions were: 550W, 100°C, and an Ar gas flow rate of 12 L / min for 1.6 h. Freeze drying conditions were: 600W, -15°C for 12 min, to obtain an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection.

[0043] Further testing showed that the specific surface area of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this embodiment was 2800 m 2 / g, the hydrophilic angle is 63°, the porosity is 79%, the average pore diameter is 0.16 μm, and the pore volume is 0.55 cm 3 / g.

[0044] The electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in this example and traditional carbon-based electrode materials (commercial carbon felt material, commercial activated carbon fiber and commercial graphite felt, purchased from Shanghai Qijie Carbon Co., Ltd.) were used as cathodes (electrode area 10 cm 2 ), the common metal electrode titanium plate in the market is used as the anode (electrode area 10 cm 2 The electrode spacing was 0.5 cm, the potential was set to 5 V, and the electrode material prepared by the present invention for drinking water purification and disinfection was compared with commercial carbon-based materials (including carbon felt, activated carbon fiber and graphite felt). A two-hour oxygen reduction in situ H2O2 production experiment was conducted, and the H2O2 production was observed and recorded. The specific results are shown in the attached Figure 3 .

[0045] By the attached Figure 3 The data shows that during the two-hour oxygen reduction reaction, the H2O2 production of the electrode material prepared using the present invention reached 1335 mg / L, while the H2O2 production of the other three traditional carbon-based materials was 65 mg / L, 108 mg / L and 138 mg / L, respectively. The H2O2 production of the electrode material of the present invention was increased by 10-20 times compared with the traditional materials. This significant difference indicates that the electrode material prepared by the present invention shows an absolute advantage in the in-situ production of H2O2 by oxygen reduction. This is mainly attributed to the unique catalytic performance and optimized structure of the electrode material prepared by the present invention. The unique structure provides more active sites, which is conducive to the transmission of electrons and the stability of reaction intermediates, thereby improving the efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction and significantly increasing the H2O2 production.

[0046] The electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in Example 3 of the present invention and the traditional carbon-based electrocatalyst material (commercial carbon felt material, commercial activated carbon fiber and commercial graphite felt, purchased from Shanghai Qijie Carbon Co., Ltd.) are respectively the cathode (electrode area 15 cm 2 ), the common metal electrode titanium plate in the market is the anode (electrode area 15 cm 2, purchased from Shaanxi Baoji Taisheng Metal Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.03 g of sodium sulfate was added to 500 mL of water from a water source reservoir in Shaanxi as the experimental water sample. The prepared cathode and anode were installed in the electrochemical reaction device with an electrode spacing of 1 cm. The power supply was connected to form a closed circuit between the electrode and the power supply. The potential was set to 5 V and the experiment was started. During the experiment, the experimental conditions were kept stable and the experimental time was set to 60 min. The TOC content of the water sample was determined using a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. The TOC removal rate was calculated according to the formula: TOC removal rate (%) = (initial TOC value - TOC value after reaction) / initial TOC value × 100%. The TOC removal rate was observed and recorded. For details, see the attached Figure 4 shown.

[0047] By the attached Figure 4 The data shows that the electrode material prepared by the present invention achieves a TOC removal rate of 99% when treating drinking water. Compared with commercial cathodes (carbon felt, activated carbon fiber and graphite felt, purchased from Shanghai Qijie Carbon Co., Ltd.), the TOC removal rates are only 14.6%, 16.5% and 18.9%. This shows that the electrode material prepared by the present invention shows significant advantages as a cathode material in removing total organic carbon (TOC) from drinking water, and the treatment efficiency is much higher than that of commercial cathode materials, which proves that the electrode material prepared by the present invention is highly efficient in treating drinking water and has broad application prospects in the field of drinking water treatment.

[0048] The electrode material prepared in the present invention for drinking water purification and disinfection was tested for its reusability. The electrode material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention and the commercial graphite felt material were used as cathodes (electrode area 10 cm 2 , purchased from Shanghai Qijie Carbon Co., Ltd.), the common metal electrode titanium mesh on the market is used as the anode (electrode area 10 cm 2 , purchased from Shaanxi Baoji Yongji Metal Technology Co., Ltd.), the electrode spacing was 0.4 cm, 0.02 g of sodium sulfate was added to 500 mL of water from a reservoir in Shaanxi, the potential was 5 V, and repeated experiments on TOC removal were carried out for 9 times.

[0049] By the attached Figure 5 The data show that the TOC removal rate of the electrode material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention is relatively stable in 9 repeated experiments and remains at a high level, which shows that the electrode material has good reusability and durability, can continuously and efficiently purify drinking water during long-term use, and can maintain stable performance in 9 consecutive treatment experiments.

[0050] The electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared in Example 3 of the present invention, commercial carbon-based materials [commercial carbon felt material (Comparative Example 4), commercial activated carbon fiber (Comparative Example 5) and commercial graphite felt (Comparative Example 6), purchased from Shanghai Qijie Carbon Co., Ltd.] and ABS substrate (Comparative Example 7) were tested for their bactericidal performance. The initial inoculum concentration was 1.0×10 5 CFU / mL - 1.0×10 6 The inoculated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus within the CFU / mL range. The prepared electrode material was immersed in a culture dish containing bacterial solution. The growth of the inoculated bacteria was arrested during the immersion time. The average reduction in the number of bacteria per milliliter that resumed growth was recorded at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes.

[0051] Table 1: Antibacterial performance test of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4-7

[0052] As shown in Table 1, the bactericidal effect of the electrode material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention is much better than that of the comparative example material as time goes on. At 5 minutes, the electrode material of Example 3 can reduce the average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria per milliliter by 95.6, while the reduction values of Comparative Examples 4-6 are all between 10-17.4, and Comparative Example 7 (ABS substrate) has almost no bactericidal effect, with a reduction value of 0. As time goes by to 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes, the bactericidal effect of the electrode material of Example 3 is further improved. At 30 minutes and 60 minutes, the bactericidal effect of the electrode material of Example 3 is further improved. min, the reduction value reaches 99.9, while the bactericidal effect of the comparative material is not significantly improved and always remains at a low level; Example 3 is compared with Comparative Examples 4-6: the bactericidal performance of the electrode material prepared by the present invention is significantly better than that of the commercial carbon-based materials on the market at each time point, indicating that the electrode material of the present invention introduces components or structures with high-efficiency antibacterial properties during the preparation process, so that it has a stronger killing ability against Staphylococcus aureus; Example 3 is compared with Comparative Example 7: the ABS substrate has almost no antibacterial property, while the electrode material of Example 3 has excellent antibacterial property, indicating that a series of modifications on the ABS substrate (such as the addition of organic solvents and Ag, the formation of Au nanolayers, etc.) play a key role in improving the antibacterial property of the material.

[0053] Analysis of the antibacterial mechanism: With the addition of organic solvents and Ag, the antibacterial properties of the electrode material are significantly affected. The use of non-polar organic solvents causes the plastic surface to swell, allowing silver ions to better penetrate the plastic surface. After the low-boiling point solvent evaporates, the silver ions remain on the plastic surface, and the penetrated portion is embedded in the plastic surface like a rivet. Elemental silver is then modified with the ABS substrate surface through a reduction reaction. The rivet-like structure increases the bonding strength with the plastic, while reducing the difficulty of Au loading. The catalytic activity is increased by increasing the formation of an Au nanolayer on the outer layer. The use of elemental silver improves the antibacterial properties of the substrate and enhances the drinking water treatment performance of the electrode material. In summary, the electrode material prepared by the present invention for drinking water purification and disinfection demonstrates excellent bactericidal properties, effectively killing Staphylococcus aureus in a short period of time and significantly outperforming commercially available carbon-based materials and ABS substrates. It also significantly enhances treatment efficiency by increasing H₂O₂ production and operates efficiently and stably. The preparation of the electrode material by the present invention is simple, making it suitable for industrial promotion and application.

[0054] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection, characterized in that: include: S1, placing the plastic substrate into an acid solution for heating and soaking, and drying to obtain a pretreated substrate; The plastic substrate is any one of ABS, PP, PV and PE; S2, soaking the pretreated substrate in a precursor mixed solution and vacuum drying to obtain a dry substrate; the precursor mixed solution is obtained by heating and stirring a metal silver salt, an organic solvent, isopropyl alcohol, and a dispersant in a vacuum; the metal silver salt is any one of silver nitrate, silver sulfate, and silver chloride; the organic solvent is any one of dichloropropane, dichloromethane, and trichloroethane, or a combination of two thereof; and the dispersant is any one of polycarboxylate, ethylene glycol, or isopropylamine; S3, adding the dry substrate into the microemulsion, soaking, and vacuum drying to obtain an antibacterial substrate; the microemulsion is obtained by ultrasonically vibrating a mixed solution of glucose, tartaric acid, and a precursor; S4, mixing microemulsion A and solution B to prepare a spray solution; The microemulsion A is obtained by heating and stirring a metal gold salt, a metal complexing agent, and citric acid; the metal gold salt is any one of chloroauric acid, gold chloride, and potassium chloroaurate; the metal complexing agent is any one of isopropyl alcohol, diethyl phthalate, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, dihydroxyethylglycine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or a combination of two thereof; The solution B is obtained by dissolving sodium nitrite, acrylamide and Nafion solution in deionized water; S5, spraying the spraying liquid onto the antibacterial substrate, microwave drying, and freeze drying to obtain an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection.

2. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the heating temperature is 40°C to 80°C, and the soaking time is 10 min to 30 min.

3. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the mass ratio of the metal silver salt to the organic solvent, isopropyl alcohol and dispersant is 1-3:1-10:3-5:2-6.

4. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the mass ratio of the glucose, tartaric acid and precursor mixed solution is 1-6:1-3:2-12.

5. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the mass ratio of the metal gold salt, the metal complexing agent and the citric acid is 10-15:1-6:3-6; the mass ratio of the sodium nitrite, acrylamide and the Nafion solution is 1-3:1-10:3-6.

6. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the mass ratio of the microemulsion A to the solution B is 1:140-150.

7. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the microwave drying is performed for 0.5 h to 2 h under the conditions of an Ar gas flow rate of 5 L / min to 20 L / min, a microwave power of 500 W to 1500 W, and a temperature of 80° C. to 150° C.

8. The method for preparing an electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the freeze drying is performed at a power of 500 W to 1200 W and a temperature of -20°C to -10°C for 10 min to 30 min.

9. An electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific surface area of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection is 1800 m 2 / g~3200 m 2 / g, the hydrophilic angle is 60°~80°, the porosity is 75%~90%, the average pore size is 0.14 μm~3.5 μm, and the pore volume is 0.15 cm 3 / g~0.65 cm 3 / g.

10. Use of the electrode material for drinking water purification and disinfection according to claim 9 in drinking water purification, characterized in that: The electrode material for purifying and disinfecting drinking water serves as a cathode.

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