Vibration reduction track considering pressing and shearing coordinated deformation of elastic track bed and working method of vibration reduction track

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibration reduction track considering pressing and shearing coordinated deformation of an elastic track bed and a working method of the vibration reduction track. An elastic track mattress is composed of a side elastic supporting base plate and a bottom elastic supporting base plate. The side elastic supporting base plates are connected with the track plate and the inclined face of the track foundation through mortises, first cavities in damping elastic layers of the side elastic supporting base plates are filled with filling particles, and a plurality of vibration reduction bosses arranged in an array mode are arranged on the bottom face of the bottom elastic supporting base plate located between the bottom face of the track plate and the bottom face of an inverted-trapezoid-shaped groove of the track foundation. A positioning buffer seat in the vibration reduction boss is fixed to the elastic track mattress base body, a conical boss is fixed to the inner wall of a conical hole formed in the positioning buffer seat through a shearing elastic layer, and a second cavity is defined by the elastic track mattress base body, the conical boss, the shearing elastic layer and the positioning buffer seat and filled with phononic crystals. Compared with an existing vibration reduction rail, the vibration reduction rail has better vibration reduction performance and overall stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction of rail transit structures, and particularly relates to a vibration-reducing track that takes into account the coordinated deformation of elastic track pad pressure and shear, and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of urban rail transit, while improving travel convenience, has also brought about environmental vibration and noise pollution issues. When subway trains pass through residential areas, the vibrations and secondary noise they generate can disrupt the lives and sleep of residents along the line. In highly vibration-sensitive areas such as research institutions, hospitals, opera houses, historic buildings, and large shopping malls, the requirements for environmental vibration control are even more stringent.

[0003] As an effective vibration control method, vibration-damping track has been widely used in urban rail transit, and its installation rate continues to increase. However, the widespread use of vibration-damping track not only increases construction costs but also reduces the overall stability of the track structure due to the excessive use of various vibration-damping measures, particularly those achieved by reducing fastener stiffness. This instability further triggers abnormal corrugation between the wheels and rails, exacerbating vehicle-induced environmental vibration and even posing a potential threat to driving safety. Therefore, achieving an effective balance between vibration-damping performance and track structural stability has become a core issue that needs to be addressed in the field of rail transit vibration and noise reduction.

[0004] By moving the vibration reduction part downward, increasing the mass of the vibration-parameters and the damping of the material, and achieving balanced energy transfer up and down, not only can the vibration reduction effect be improved, but the stability of the track structure can also be improved, effectively resolving the contradiction between the track's vibration reduction performance and service performance, improving the track's comprehensive service capacity, reducing the vibration fatigue of the track structure, and contributing to the long-term stability and safe operation of the track system. Among them, compared with fastener-type and sleeper-type vibration reduction tracks, the roadbed-type vibration reduction track has a simpler structure, is easier to construct, has an excellent vibration reduction effect, and has better track stability and comprehensive service performance. It has become the mainstream of high-level vibration reduction measures. However, due to the large mass of the roadbed plate in the roadbed-type vibration reduction track and the elastic roadbed mattress placed at the bottom of the roadbed plate, if the elastic roadbed mattress shows performance degradation, aging, or damage, it is difficult to complete the replacement without stopping the operation. Furthermore, existing patented technologies, such as those in CN202311471629, CN204435131U, and CN206607458U, primarily rely on the compression and deformation of vibration-damping pads and protrusions to absorb and isolate vibrations. This only meets conventional high-level vibration damping requirements and cannot meet the demands of vibration-damping sections that place higher demands on track vibration and noise reduction and overall serviceability. Furthermore, the difficulty of maintenance and repair, as well as structural flaws, of existing technologies limit the full utilization of the advantages of high stability and high vibration damping capabilities of roadbed-type vibration-damping tracks.

[0005] To further improve the vibration damping performance of ballast-type vibration-damping track, common measures include combining ballast-type vibration-damping track with fastener-type and sleeper-type vibration-damping track, or further reducing the support stiffness of the elastic ballast pad. While these solutions effectively address the vibration and noise issues associated with rail transit operations, they inevitably lead to excessive track structure displacement, which in turn affects the stability and overall service performance of the ballast-type track. Furthermore, the shear modulus of the elastic ballast pad is much smaller than the compression modulus. Under train loads, the track slab is more susceptible to vertical vibration-damping displacement, allowing the elastic ballast pad to participate in more vibration-damping deformation, fully utilizing its vibration-damping capacity. However, if only the shear deformation of the elastic ballast pad is considered, while its vibration-damping capacity is significantly improved, the reduction in overall track stiffness will inevitably undermine the stability and overall service safety of the track system. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively consider the synergistic effects of the compression and shear deformation of the elastic ballast pad in the vibration-damping design of ballast-type vibration-damping track to simultaneously improve its vibration-damping performance and stability.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an elastic mattress vibration-damping track with a higher vibration damping level, which takes into account low-frequency vibration damping, high stability of the overall track structure, easy maintenance, replacement and reduced life cycle costs, so as to meet the current urban rail transit's higher requirements for high-level vibration damping and be suitable for future subway operations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to provide a vibration-damping track and a working method thereof that takes into account the pressure and shear coordinated deformation of an elastic track mattress.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The invention provides a vibration-damping track with coordinated deformation under pressure and shearing of an elastic track mattress, comprising a track plate, an elastic track mattress and a track foundation.

[0010] The cross-sectional shape of the track plate perpendicular to the track laying direction is an inverted trapezoid. A plurality of pairs of rail support platforms equidistantly arranged along the track laying direction are fixed to the top of the track plate. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the track plate are provided with a plurality of transverse dovetail grooves equidistantly arranged from top to bottom along the corresponding inclined surfaces.

[0011] The elastic track mattress consists of side elastic support pads and bottom elastic support pads, and there are two symmetrically arranged side elastic support pads. The side elastic support pads of the two elastic track mattresses are respectively arranged on the outside of the inclined surfaces on both sides of the track plate, and the bottom elastic support pads are both arranged at the bottom of the track plate. The side elastic support pad includes a transverse dovetail belt, a longitudinal dovetail belt and a damping elastic layer. The damping elastic layer includes a panel, an intermediate fiber skeleton and filling particles. The intermediate fiber skeleton is arranged parallel to the inclined surface of the corresponding side of the track plate. A plurality of slots covering the entire intermediate fiber skeleton are opened on the intermediate fiber skeleton. Panels are fixed on both sides of the intermediate fiber skeleton. Each slot and the two panels form a cavity. Each cavity is filled with a plurality of filling particles. The filling particles are a core-shell structure. The transverse dovetail belt and the longitudinal dovetail belt are fixed to the two panels respectively, and the transverse dovetail belt is closer to the track plate than the longitudinal dovetail belt. The side of the transverse dovetail belt away from the panel is provided with a plurality of transverse dovetail tenons integrally formed and equidistantly arranged. Each transverse dovetail tenon is embedded in a transverse dovetail groove on the corresponding inclined surface of the track plate. The side of the longitudinal dovetail belt away from the panel is provided with a plurality of inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenons integrally formed and equidistantly arranged along the track laying direction.

[0012] The bottom elastic support pad comprises a horizontally arranged elastic mattress base and a plurality of vibration-damping bosses arranged in an array on the bottom surface of the elastic mattress base. The outer end of the elastic mattress base is fixed to the bottom end of the side elastic support pad. The elastic mattress base is composed of a puncture-resistant layer, a woven fabric layer, and a rubber layer stacked and fixed in sequence from top to bottom. The vibration-damping bosses include a conical boss, a shear elastic layer, a positioning buffer seat, and a phononic crystal. The positioning buffer seat is fixed to the rubber layer and has a conical hole formed in it. The shear elastic layer is a truncated conical annular structure. The outer curved surface of the shear elastic layer is fixed to the inner wall of the conical hole, and the inner curved surface is fixed to the outer curved surface of the conical boss. A gap is formed between the top of the conical boss and the rubber layer. The rubber layer, conical boss, shear elastic layer, and positioning buffer seat together form a second cavity, which is filled with a phononic crystal.

[0013] An inverted trapezoidal groove is provided on the track base, and a plurality of inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail grooves are provided on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the inverted trapezoidal groove and are arranged at equal distances along the track laying direction. Each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenon is embedded in an inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove on the same side of the inverted trapezoidal groove, and the widths of each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove and each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenon decrease from top to bottom.

[0014] Preferably, the track slab is made of concrete and steel bars by casting through a mold.

[0015] Preferably, the inner core of the filling particles is a metal particle, and the outer shell is a viscoelastic damping layer.

[0016] Preferably, the puncture-proof layer is made of a polyurethane matrix material reinforced with aramid fibers, and the woven fabric layer is made of nylon or fiber materials.

[0017] Preferably, the transverse dovetail tenon is connected to the corresponding transverse dovetail groove by adhesive.

[0018] Preferably, an integrally formed anti-slip stop is provided at the bottom end of the inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove.

[0019] Preferably, a drainage ditch is provided on the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal groove.

[0020] Preferably, the side elastic support pad and the bottom elastic support pad, the anti-puncture layer, woven cloth layer and rubber layer of the elastic mattress base, the conical boss of the vibration-damping boss, the shear elastic layer and the positioning buffer seat, and the rubber layer and the positioning buffer seat are all bonded into one through a rubber vulcanization process.

[0021] The present invention considers the working method of the vibration-damping track with elastic mattress pressure and shear coordinated deformation, which is specifically as follows:

[0022] The train load is transmitted to the track plate through each rail support platform, and is dispersed through the track plate into lateral pressure acting on the side elastic support pads of each elastic track mattress and vertical pressure acting on the bottom elastic support pads of each elastic track mattress.

[0023] The lateral pressure is transmitted to the track foundation in turn through the transverse dovetail belt, damping elastic layer and longitudinal dovetail belt of the elastic support pad on the elastic mattress, and is attenuated layer by layer. When the damping elastic layer is subjected to lateral pressure, the fiber reinforced skeleton and each panel in the damping elastic layer produce shear deformation, consuming part of the lateral pressure. Relative slip occurs between each filling particle and the intermediate fiber skeleton, and collision friction occurs between each filling particle. The Coulomb damping effect generated by the friction interface and the local resonance between the core and the shell of each filling particle consume vibration energy above 20Hz. At the same time, the inertia of the discrete particle group The intrinsic mass block effect excites anti-phase resonant waves, forming a local mass-spring subsystem adapted to the input vibration spectrum, attenuating vibrations below 20 Hz and improving the broadband vibration isolation efficiency of the damping elastic layer; the vertical pressure is transmitted to the track foundation in turn through the elastic mattress base and each vibration-damping boss of the bottom elastic support pad on the elastic mattress, and the rubber layer of the elastic mattress base and the conical boss of each vibration-damping boss produce compression deformation, absorbing part of the vertical pressure and performing vibration reduction; the side elastic support pads and the bottom elastic support pads jointly realize the first-level compression and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction of the elastic mattress.

[0024] Preferably, when the vibration-damping boss is subjected to vertical pressure, the rubber layer and the conical boss produce compression deformation, causing the second cavity to compress and deform. The conical boss and the rubber layer contact the two ends of the phononic crystal, and the second cavity produces vertical support stiffness. Friction energy consumption occurs between the scattering particles in the phononic crystal, accompanied by the elastic wave band gap effect of the phononic crystal, which suppresses the vibration energy. As the vertical pressure increases, the second cavity is further compressed and deformed, the contact area between the conical boss and the rubber layer and the phononic crystal increases, the friction energy consumption and elastic wave band gap effect of the phononic crystal scattering particles are enhanced, and the vibration reduction performance is improved. When the vertical pressure increases to the limit state, the conical boss reaches the compression limit and enters the overload protection stage. At this time, the overall stiffness of the conical boss is non- Linear enhancement characteristics, the second compression rate of the cavity is improved, the phononic crystal scatterer produces a secondary resonance response, the elastic wave band gap effect is further enhanced, and the vibration reduction performance is further improved; at the same time, since the shear elastic layer is a truncated cone-shaped annular structure, the bottom diameter of the shear elastic layer is larger than the top diameter. When the shear elastic layer is subjected to vertical pressure, it produces vertical compression deformation and radial shear deformation, absorbs part of the vertical pressure, and performs vibration reduction; the compression deformation of the conical boss and the shear deformation of the shear elastic layer work together to achieve secondary pressure and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction of the elastic mattress; among them, the shear elastic layer not only bears the vertical pressure, but also bears the vertical load and lateral load imposed by the conical boss, and at the same time the positioning buffer seat positions and buffers the conical boss and the shear elastic layer.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. Compared with the existing vibration-damping track, the present invention has better vibration-damping performance and overall stability. Specifically, the present invention provides composite support for the side and bottom of the track plate through the obliquely arranged side elastic support pads and the horizontally arranged bottom elastic support pads in each elastic track mattress, so that the train load is dispersed through the track plate into lateral pressure acting on each side elastic support pad and vertical pressure acting on each bottom elastic support pad. Moreover, since the two sides of the side elastic support pads are connected to the track plate and the track foundation through tongue and groove, the lateral pressure causes the intermediate fiber skeleton of the damping elastic layer in the middle of the side elastic support pads and each panel to shear deformation, thereby consuming part of the lateral pressure and reducing vibration. At the same time, relative slip occurs between each filling particle and the intermediate fiber skeleton in each cavity on the damping elastic layer, and collision friction occurs between each filling particle. The Coulomb damping effect generated by the friction interface and the local resonance between the core and the shell of each filling particle consume the medium and high frequency vibration energy, and the inertial mass block effect of the discrete particle group excites the anti-phase resonant wave, forming a local mass-spring subsystem adapted to the input vibration spectrum, consuming low-frequency vibration energy, thereby realizing the broadband vibration attenuation effect from high frequency to low frequency of the damping elastic layer, and improving the broadband vibration isolation efficiency of the elastic mattress. In addition, the vertical pressure makes the rubber layer of the elastic mattress matrix in the bottom elastic support plate and each damping The vibration boss is compressed and deformed, absorbing part of the vertical pressure and reducing vibration, thereby realizing the first-level compression and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction function of the elastic mattress; further, when the vertical pressure acts on the bottom elastic support pad, the rubber layer and each conical boss are compressed and deformed, the conical boss and the rubber layer are in contact with the two ends of the phononic crystal, and each cavity is compressed and deformed to generate vertical support stiffness. At the same time, the low-frequency vibration energy is consumed by the friction energy dissipation function of the scattering particles of the phononic crystal and the elastic wave band gap effect. As the vertical pressure increases, the overall stiffness of the vibration-damping boss is enhanced, and the friction energy dissipation function and the elastic wave band gap effect of the scattering particles of the phononic crystal are enhanced, thereby realizing the self-restraint of the vibration-damping boss under dynamic working conditions. Adaptive stiffness and attenuation vibration frequency adjustment. In addition, the shear elastic layer produces vertical compression deformation and radial shear deformation under the action of vertical pressure, absorbs part of the vertical pressure, reduces vibration, and thus realizes the secondary pressure and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction function of the elastic track mattress. Through the dual pressure and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction and the broadband vibration reduction of the damping elastic layer and the phononic crystal, the elastic track mattress has better vibration reduction performance, which improves the comfort, safety and environmental adaptability of the entire track during operation. The tongue and groove connection between the two sides of the side elastic support pad and the track plate and track foundation, as well as the support stiffness provided by the vibration-damping bosses on the bottom elastic support pad, makes the entire track have better stability.

[0027] 2. The present invention adopts two elastic track mattresses arranged in an open symmetrical manner. When the elastic track mattress needs to be replaced, the track plate does not need to be lifted as a whole, and only one side needs to be lifted up for replacement, which improves maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, a drainage ditch is provided on the track foundation, which has good drainage performance and can avoid the potential impact of accumulated water on the entire track. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the track plate in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic mattress of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the side elastic support pad of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the damping elastic layer of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the AA section;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the track foundation in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention considers the vibration-damping track with elastic track mattress in terms of pressure and shear coordinated deformation, and includes a track plate 1, an elastic track mattress 2 and a track foundation 3.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the cross-section of the track slab 1 perpendicular to the track laying direction is an inverted trapezoid. Multiple pairs of rail supports 11 are fixed to the top of the track slab 1, equidistantly spaced along the track laying direction. The rail supports 11 are connected to the rails via fasteners. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the track slab 1 are each provided with multiple transverse dovetail grooves 12, equidistantly spaced from top to bottom along the corresponding inclined surfaces. These dovetail grooves 12 connect to the elastic track mattress 2, providing lateral support for the track slab 1 and achieving lateral vibration reduction. The track slab 1 is cast using concrete and steel bars in a mold.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, the elastic mattress 2 is composed of a side elastic support pad 21 and a bottom elastic support pad 22, and there are two symmetrically arranged, and the side elastic support pads 21 of the two elastic mattresses 2 are respectively arranged on the outside of the inclined surfaces on both sides of the track plate 1, and the bottom elastic support pads 22 are both arranged at the bottom of the track plate 1. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the side elastic support pad 21 includes a transverse dovetail belt 211, a longitudinal dovetail belt 212 and a damping elastic layer 213; the damping elastic layer 213 includes a panel 2131, an intermediate fiber skeleton 2132 and filling particles 2133, the intermediate fiber skeleton 2132 is arranged parallel to the inclined surface of the corresponding side of the track plate 1, and a plurality of notches covering the entire intermediate fiber skeleton are opened on the intermediate fiber skeleton 2132, and the two sides of the intermediate fiber skeleton 2132 are fixed to the two parallel panels 2131, and each notch and the two panels 2131 enclose a cavity, each cavity Each panel 2131 is filled with a plurality of filling particles 2133. The transverse dovetail band 211 and the longitudinal dovetail band 212 are fixed to the two panels 2131, respectively. The transverse dovetail band 211 is closer to the track plate 1 than the longitudinal dovetail band 212. The side of the transverse dovetail band 211 away from the panel 2131 is provided with a plurality of integrally formed transverse dovetail tenons arranged equidistantly. The side of the longitudinal dovetail band 212 away from the panel 2131 is provided with a plurality of integrally formed inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenons arranged equidistantly along the track laying direction. Each transverse dovetail tenon is embedded in a transverse dovetail groove 12 on the corresponding inclined surface of the track plate 1. The filling particles 2133 are of a core-shell structure, with the core being metal particles and the outer shell being a viscoelastic damping layer. The intermediate fiber skeleton 2132 and each panel 2131 are both made of high-strength, lightweight materials, such as aluminum-lithium alloy, titanium-aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, beryllium alloy, or titanium alloy, to provide support stiffness.

[0039] The bottom elastic support pad 22 is composed of a horizontally arranged elastic mattress base 221 and a plurality of vibration-damping bosses 222 arranged in an array on the bottom surface of the elastic mattress base 221. The outer end of the elastic mattress base 221 is fixed to the bottom end of the side elastic support pad 21, and the elastic mattress base 221 is composed of an anti-puncture layer 2211, a woven cloth layer 2212 and a rubber layer 2213 stacked and fixed in sequence from top to bottom. Figure 6As shown, the anti-puncture layer 2211 adopts a polyurethane matrix material reinforced by aramid fiber, which has high dynamic impact strength, can effectively avoid wear and damage after long-term use, and enhance the wear resistance and protection of the upper end surface of the elastic mattress base 221. The woven cloth layer 2212 adopts nylon or fiber material, which can improve the structural strength of the elastic mattress base 221 and protect the rubber layer 2213 from external damage. The rubber layer 2213 can not only buffer the impact of the inverted cone-shaped boss 2221 and the positioning buffer seat 2223, but also slowly release the vibration energy generated by the track plate. The anti-puncture layer 2211, the woven cloth layer 2212 and the rubber layer 2213 form a rigid-flexible coupled gradient transition system, so that when the track as a whole is subjected to the train load, the bottom elastic support pad 22 can still maintain good stable deformation.

[0040] The vibration-damping boss 222 includes a conical boss 2221, a shear elastic layer 2222, a positioning buffer seat 2223 and a phononic crystal 2224. The positioning buffer seat 2223 is fixed to the rubber layer 2213, and a conical hole is opened on the positioning buffer seat 2223. The shear elastic layer 2222 is a truncated conical annular structure. The outer arc surface of the shear elastic layer 2222 is fixed to the inner wall of the conical hole, and the inner arc surface is fixed to the outer arc surface of the conical boss 2221. There is a gap between the top of the conical boss 2221 and the rubber layer 2213. The rubber layer 2213, the conical boss 2221, the shear elastic layer 2222 and the positioning buffer seat 2223 together form cavity two, and the phononic crystal 2224 is filled in the cavity two. The phononic crystal 2224 utilizes the periodic structure and elastic wave band gap characteristics to further improve the vibration reduction function of the elastic mattress. The elastic modulus of the shear elastic layer 2222 is smaller than the elastic modulus of the conical boss 2221 and the positioning buffer seat 2223 , and rubber can be used to make the shear elastic layer 2222 more susceptible to shear deformation.

[0041] like Figure 7 As shown, an inverted trapezoidal groove is provided on the track foundation 3, and the inclined surfaces on both sides of the inverted trapezoidal groove are provided with a plurality of inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail grooves 31 equidistantly arranged along the track laying direction, and each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenon is embedded in an inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove 31 on the same side of the inverted trapezoidal groove, and the width of each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove and each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenon decreases from top to bottom, and an integrally formed anti-slip stopper 32 is provided at the bottom end of each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove 31 to prevent each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenon from sliding downward, thereby realizing accurate positioning and fixation of the elastic track mattress, and at the same time enhancing the connection firmness of each longitudinal dovetail belt 212 with the track foundation 3, preventing each longitudinal dovetail belt 212 from slipping due to long-term load, thereby ensuring the safety and durability of the entire track during use, and further improving the stability of the entire track.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the side elastic support pad 21 and the bottom elastic support pad 22, the anti-puncture layer 2211, the woven cloth layer 2212 and the rubber layer 2213 of the elastic mattress base 221, the conical boss 2221 of the vibration-damping boss 222, the shear elastic layer 2222 and the positioning buffer seat 2223, and the rubber layer 2213 and the positioning buffer seat 2223 are all bonded into one through a rubber vulcanization process, thereby improving the structural strength and reliability of the elastic mattress 2 and further enhancing the overall stability of the track.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the transverse dovetail tenon is connected to the corresponding transverse dovetail groove 12 by adhesive.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, a drainage ditch 33 is provided on the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal groove for drainage.

[0045] The present invention considers the working method of the vibration-damping track with elastic mattress pressure and shear coordinated deformation, which is specifically as follows:

[0046] The train load is transmitted to the track plate 1 through each rail support platform 11, and is dispersed through the track plate 1 into lateral pressure acting on the upper side elastic support pads 21 of each elastic track mattress 2 and vertical pressure acting on the lower bottom elastic support pads 22 of each elastic track mattress 2.

[0047] The lateral pressure is transmitted to the track foundation 3 in turn through the transverse dovetail belt 211, the damping elastic layer 213 and the longitudinal dovetail belt 212 of the elastic support pad 21 on the elastic mattress 2, and is attenuated layer by layer. When the damping elastic layer 213 is subjected to lateral pressure, the fiber reinforced skeleton 2132 and each panel 2131 in the damping elastic layer 213 produce shear deformation, consuming part of the lateral pressure, and relative slip occurs between each filling particle 2133 and the intermediate fiber skeleton 2132. Collision friction occurs between each filling particle 2133, and the Coulomb damping effect generated by the friction interface and the local resonance between the core and the shell of each filling particle 2133 consume the medium and high frequency vibration energy above 20Hz. At the same time, the inertial mass block effect of the discrete particle group excites the anti-phase resonant wave, forming a resonance wave with the input vibration. The local mass-spring subsystem with dynamic spectrum adaptation significantly improves the broadband vibration isolation efficiency of the damping elastic layer, and has an outstanding attenuation effect on low-frequency vibrations below 20 Hz, thereby realizing the shear energy dissipation function and cross-band energy dissipation function of the damping elastic layer 213; the vertical pressure is transmitted to the track foundation 3 in turn through the elastic mattress base 221 and each vibration-damping boss 222 of the bottom elastic support pad 22 on the elastic mattress 2, and the rubber layer of the elastic mattress base 221 and the conical boss 2221 of each vibration-damping boss 222 produce compression deformation, absorb part of the vertical pressure, and perform vibration reduction. Through the joint action of the side elastic support pad 21 and the bottom elastic support pad 22, the bottom surface and the inclined surface of the track plate 1 are compositely supported, realizing the first-level compression and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction of the elastic mattress 2.

[0048] Among them, the two side inclined surfaces of the track plate 1 are connected to the corresponding transverse dovetail belts 211 through transverse dovetail grooves and transverse dovetail tenons, and the two side inclined surfaces of the inverted trapezoidal groove are connected to the corresponding longitudinal dovetail belts 212 through inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail grooves and inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenons. The side elastic support pads 21 of each elastic road mattress 2 form a geometric self-locking connection with the roadbed plate 1 and the track foundation 3, respectively, which improves the overall stability and structural reliability of the track and ensures the reliability of interface mechanical transmission. At the same time, since the elastic road mattress base 221 is a rigid-flexible coupling gradient transition system composed of an anti-puncture layer 2211, a woven cloth layer 2212 and a rubber layer 2213 stacked in sequence from top to bottom, the elastic road mattress base 221 can still maintain good stable deformation when the track as a whole is subjected to train loads.

[0049] Furthermore, when the vibration-damping boss 222 is subjected to vertical pressure, the rubber layer 2213 and the conical boss 2221 are compressed and deformed, causing the second cavity to be compressed and deformed. The conical boss 2221 and the rubber layer 2213 contact the two ends of the phononic crystal 2224, and the second cavity generates vertical support stiffness. Friction energy is consumed between the scattering particles in the phononic crystal 2224, accompanied by the elastic wave band gap effect of the phononic crystal, which suppresses the vibration energy and effectively expands the vibration reduction bandwidth. As the vertical pressure increases, the second cavity is further compressed and deformed, the contact area between the conical boss 2221 and the rubber layer 2213 and the phononic crystal 2224 increases, the friction energy consumption and elastic wave band gap effect of the scattering particles in the phononic crystal 2224 are enhanced, and the vibration reduction performance is improved. When the vertical pressure increases to the limit state, the conical boss 2221 reaches the compression limit and enters the overload protection stage. At this time, the overall stiffness of the conical boss 2221 presents nonlinear The enhanced characteristics of the cavity second compression rate are improved, the phononic crystal scatterer produces a secondary resonance response, the elastic wave band gap effect is further enhanced, and the vibration reduction performance is further improved; therefore, the present invention can adaptively adjust the stiffness and damping under dynamic working conditions, thereby effectively improving the vibration reduction effect and environmental adaptability; at the same time, since the shear elastic layer 2222 is a truncated (removed tip) conical ring structure, the bottom end diameter of the shear elastic layer 2222 is larger than the top end diameter, which not only enhances the support force for vertical pressure, but also provides a larger lateral deformation space. When the shear elastic layer 2222 is subjected to vertical pressure, it produces vertical compression deformation and radial shear deformation, absorbs part of the vertical pressure, and performs vibration reduction; through the coordinated vibration reduction of the compression deformation of the conical boss 2221 and the shear deformation of the shear elastic layer 2222, the secondary pressure and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction of the elastic mattress 2 is realized, and the vibration reduction effect is further improved by the phononic crystal 2224.

[0050] Among them, the shear elastic layer 2222 not only bears vertical pressure, but also bears the vertical load and lateral load applied by the conical boss 2221, further improving the overall stiffness and durability of the vibration-damping boss. At the same time, the positioning buffer seat 2223 effectively positions and buffers the conical boss 2221 and the shear elastic layer 2222, thereby improving the overall stability and vibration damping performance of the vibration-damping boss 222, thereby further improving the overall vibration damping performance and overall stability of the track.

Claims

1. A vibration-damping track that takes into account the coordinated deformation of pressure and shear of an elastic track mattress, including a track plate, an elastic track mattress, and a track foundation, characterized by: The inclined surfaces on both sides of the track plate are provided with a plurality of transverse dovetail grooves arranged equidistantly from top to bottom along the corresponding inclined surfaces; The elastic road mattress is composed of a side elastic support pad and a bottom elastic support pad, and is provided with two symmetrically arranged side elastic support pads, and the side elastic support pads of the two elastic road mattresses are respectively arranged on the outside of the inclined surfaces on both sides of the track plate, and the bottom elastic support pads are both arranged at the bottom of the track plate; the side elastic support pads include a transverse dovetail belt, a longitudinal dovetail belt and a damping elastic layer, and the damping elastic layer includes a panel, an intermediate fiber skeleton and filling particles, the intermediate fiber skeleton is arranged parallel to the inclined surface on the corresponding side of the track plate, and a plurality of notches are provided on the intermediate fiber skeleton that cover the entire intermediate fiber skeleton, and the two sides of the intermediate fiber skeleton are provided with a plurality of notches that cover the entire intermediate fiber skeleton. Panels are fixed on both sides, and each notch and the two panels enclose a cavity, and each cavity is filled with a plurality of filling particles, and the filling particles are a core-shell structure; the transverse dovetail belt and the longitudinal dovetail belt are fixed to the two panels respectively, and the transverse dovetail belt is closer to the track plate than the longitudinal dovetail belt, and the side of the transverse dovetail belt away from the panel is provided with a plurality of transverse dovetail tenons integrally formed and equidistantly arranged, each transverse dovetail tenon is embedded in a transverse dovetail groove on the corresponding inclined surface of the track plate, and the side of the longitudinal dovetail belt away from the panel is provided with a plurality of inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenons integrally formed and equidistantly arranged along the track laying direction; The bottom elastic support pad is composed of a horizontally arranged elastic mattress base and a plurality of vibration-damping bosses arranged on the bottom surface of the elastic mattress base and arranged in an array; the outer end of the elastic mattress base is fixed to the bottom end of the side elastic support pad, and the elastic mattress base is composed of an anti-puncture layer, a woven cloth layer and a rubber layer stacked and fixed in sequence from top to bottom; the vibration-damping boss includes a conical boss, a shear elastic layer, a positioning buffer seat and a phononic crystal, the positioning buffer seat is fixed to the rubber layer, and a conical hole is opened on the positioning buffer seat, the outer arc surface of the shear elastic layer is fixed to the inner wall of the conical hole, the inner arc surface is fixed to the outer arc surface of the conical boss, and there is a gap between the top of the conical boss and the rubber layer, the rubber layer, the conical boss, the shear elastic layer and the positioning buffer seat together form a cavity two, and the cavity two is filled with phononic crystals; The track base is provided with an inverted trapezoidal groove, and the inclined surfaces on both sides of the inverted trapezoidal groove are provided with multiple inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail grooves equidistantly arranged along the track laying direction, and each inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail tenon is embedded in an inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove on the same side of the inverted trapezoidal groove.

2. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track slab is made of concrete and steel bars by casting through a mold.

3. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner core of the filling particles is metal particles, and the outer shell is a viscoelastic damping layer.

4. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-puncture layer adopts a polyurethane matrix material reinforced by aramid fibers, and the woven fabric layer adopts nylon or fiber materials.

5. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse dovetail tenon is connected to the corresponding transverse dovetail groove by adhesive.

6. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: An integrally formed anti-slip stop is provided at the bottom end of the inverted trapezoidal longitudinal dovetail groove.

7. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drainage ditch is provided on the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal groove.

8. The vibration-damping track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side elastic support pad and the bottom elastic support pad, the anti-puncture layer, woven cloth layer and rubber layer of the elastic mattress base, the conical boss of the vibration-damping boss, the shear elastic layer and the positioning buffer seat, and the rubber layer and the positioning buffer seat are all bonded into one through a rubber vulcanization process.

9. The method for operating a vibration-damping track according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The details are as follows: The train load is transmitted to the track slab through multiple pairs of rail bearing platforms fixed on the top of the track slab and arranged equidistantly along the track laying direction, and is dispersed through the track slab into lateral pressure acting on the elastic support pads on the side of each elastic track mattress and vertical pressure acting on the elastic support pads on the bottom of each elastic track mattress; The lateral pressure is transmitted to the track foundation in turn through the transverse dovetail belt, damping elastic layer and longitudinal dovetail belt of the elastic support pad on the elastic mattress, and is attenuated layer by layer. When the damping elastic layer is subjected to lateral pressure, the fiber reinforced skeleton and each panel in the damping elastic layer produce shear deformation, consuming part of the lateral pressure. Relative slip occurs between each filling particle and the intermediate fiber skeleton, and collision friction occurs between each filling particle. The Coulomb damping effect generated by the friction interface and the local resonance between the core and the shell of each filling particle consume vibration energy above 20Hz. At the same time, The inertial mass effect of the time-discrete particle group excites anti-phase resonant waves, forming a local mass-spring subsystem adapted to the input vibration spectrum, attenuating vibrations below 20 Hz; the vertical pressure is transmitted to the track foundation in sequence through the elastic mattress base and each vibration-damping boss of the bottom elastic support pad on the elastic mattress, and the rubber layer of the elastic mattress base and the conical boss of each vibration-damping boss produce compression deformation, absorbing part of the vertical pressure and performing vibration reduction; the side elastic support pads and the bottom elastic support pads jointly realize the first-level compression and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction of the elastic mattress.

10. The method for operating a vibration-damping track taking into account the coordinated deformation of elastic mattress pressure and shear according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the vibration-damping boss is subjected to vertical pressure, the rubber layer and the conical boss produce compression deformation, causing the second cavity to compress and deform. The conical boss and the rubber layer contact the two ends of the phononic crystal, and the second cavity produces vertical support stiffness. Friction energy consumption occurs between the scattering particles in the phononic crystal, accompanied by the elastic wave band gap effect of the phononic crystal, which suppresses the vibration energy. As the vertical pressure increases, the second cavity is further compressed and deformed, and the contact area between the conical boss and the rubber layer and the phononic crystal increases. The friction energy consumption and elastic wave band gap effect of the phononic crystal scattering particles are enhanced, and the vibration reduction performance is improved. When the vertical pressure increases to the limit state, the conical boss reaches the compression limit and enters the overload protection stage. At this time, the overall stiffness of the conical boss is nonlinear. Enhanced characteristics, the second compression rate of the cavity is improved, the phononic crystal scatterer produces a secondary resonance response, the elastic wave band gap effect is further enhanced, and the vibration reduction performance is further improved; at the same time, since the shear elastic layer is a truncated cone-shaped annular structure, the bottom diameter of the shear elastic layer is larger than the top diameter. When the shear elastic layer is subjected to vertical pressure, it produces vertical compression deformation and radial shear deformation, absorbs part of the vertical pressure, and performs vibration reduction; the compression deformation of the conical boss and the shear deformation of the shear elastic layer work together to achieve secondary pressure and shear coordinated deformation vibration reduction of the elastic mattress; among them, the shear elastic layer not only bears the vertical pressure, but also bears the vertical load and lateral load imposed by the conical boss, and at the same time the positioning buffer seat positions and buffers the conical boss and the shear elastic layer.

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