Elastic anti-vibration cushion layer of ballastless track, preparation method and installation method of elastic anti-vibration cushion layer

Abstract

The invention discloses an elastic anti-vibration cushion layer of a ballastless track, a preparation method of the elastic anti-vibration cushion layer and an installation method of the elastic anti-vibration cushion layer. Comprising a first cushion layer located between the upper portions of longitudinally adjacent limiting grooves, second cushion layers located on the two transverse sides of the upper portions of the limiting grooves and groove cushion layers located on the surface sides of the limiting grooves. The first cushion layer and the second cushion layer are filled with magnetic fluid and polystyrene foam which are independently arranged in a closed mode, and magnet exciting coils which can regulate and control a magnetic field and enable the rigidity of the magnetic fluid to be variable are correspondingly arranged at the bottoms of the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer. And the groove cushion layer is filled with rubber particles. According to the stress characteristics of the anti-vibration cushion layer, the defects that a traditional cushion layer is uniform in rigidity and cannot be regulated and controlled in real time can be obviously overcome, the energy absorption capacity is improved due to different rigidities, the impact load of a train can be absorbed and dissipated, and the anti-vibration cushion layer has good anti-vibration and noise-reduction performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration reduction technology, belongs to the field of rail transportation engineering, and particularly relates to an elastic vibration reduction pad for a ballastless track, a preparation method and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ballastless track has excellent anti-settling and deformation properties, high anti-freezing safety, good stability, and less subsequent maintenance work. Its track is not easy to move, there are no stones, and there is no ballast splashing. This greatly improves the safety of high-speed train operation and has therefore been widely used in the field of high-speed railways.

[0003] An elastic vibration-damping pad is installed between the ballastless track's slab 41 and base plate 42. Its main function is to absorb and transmit the impact load from the train, dissipating some of the energy through its own deformation. At the same time, it fully supports the slab 41, that is, it can withstand the vertical and horizontal forces from the slab 41 and transmit them to the base plate 42 and the limit device, thereby dispersing the train load.

[0004] However, the elastic vibration-damping pad between the trackbed slab 41 and the base plate 42 of existing ballastless track still has the following problems: 1. The protrusions on the lower portion of the trackbed slab 41 match the limiting grooves 43 on the upper portion of the base plate 42 to achieve positional restraint. When the trackbed slab 41 is subjected to a large load, the loads at different locations vary. That is, the dynamic impact load in the middle region between the limiting grooves 43 is greater, while the forces on the sides are relatively smaller. Conventional elastic vibration-damping pads primarily use a single structure and material, such as a rubber or polyurethane pad. This stiffness not only fails to effectively dissipate the load transmitted from above, but can also lead to stress concentration and local fatigue. Furthermore, the uniformity of stiffness results in a single main frequency, which cannot cover the broadband characteristics of wheel-rail vibration, resulting in insufficient attenuation of high-frequency vibrations and poor low-frequency impact cushioning. 2. Conventional elastic vibration-damping pads cannot be adjusted according to the compressive load conditions, and the vibration absorption and energy absorption effect of the material itself through deformation is limited. For example, when a rubber pad with a void structure is used, its deformation is large and the density of the single particle filling is low, resulting in a decrease in vibration damping effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an elastic vibration-damping pad for ballastless track. According to the stress characteristics of the pad, it can not only significantly improve the defects of traditional pads with uniform stiffness and inability to be adjusted in real time, but also improve the energy absorption capacity with different stiffness, absorb and dissipate the impact load of the train, and have good vibration and noise reduction performance.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an elastic vibration-damping pad for ballastless track, which is made of rubber material and laid between the track bed plate and the base plate, and comprises:

[0007] a first cushion layer, located above and between the longitudinally adjacent limiting grooves;

[0008] The second cushion layer is located on both sides of the upper side of the limiting groove;

[0009] A groove cushion layer is located on the surface side of the limiting groove;

[0010] The first cushion layer and the second cushion layer are filled with independently arranged magnetic fluid and foam glue, and the bottom is provided with an excitation coil that can adjust the magnetic field and make the magnetic fluid stiffness variable;

[0011] The groove pad is filled with rubber particles.

[0012] In some examples of the present invention, the first cushion layer, the second cushion layer, and the groove cushion layer are respectively provided with a plurality of first core holes, second core holes, and third core holes arranged at intervals;

[0013] Magnetic fluid and foaming glue are filled in the first core hole and the second core hole, and rubber particles are filled in the third core hole.

[0014] In some examples of the present invention, the depths of the first core hole and the second core hole both extend in the longitudinal direction;

[0015] The third core hole of the bottom pad layer in the groove pad layer extends in the longitudinal direction, and the third core hole of the peripheral pad layer extends along the circumference of the groove pad layer;

[0016] In cross section, the first core hole is a quadrilateral, with two sides of the quadrilateral first connected to form an angle toward the cross section thickness, and then connected to each other at the end side to form an arrow shape;

[0017] The second core hole and the third core hole are hexagonal, two sides of the hexagon are parallel and spaced apart in the cross-sectional thickness, and the other sides are connected in pairs to the ends of the two parallel sides to form a funnel shape;

[0018] In the cross-sectional thickness of the corresponding cushion layer, the plurality of first core holes, the second core holes, and the third core holes are arranged at intervals; in the cross-sectional length of the first cushion layer, adjacent first core holes are inverted and arranged at intervals;

[0019] In the cross-sectional length of the corresponding cushion layer, adjacent second core holes and third core holes are arranged at intervals and staggered.

[0020] In some examples of the present invention, along the cross-sectional length of the corresponding cushion layer, at least one group of first core holes, second core holes, and third core holes arranged side by side are in a complete state, and the first core holes, second core holes, and third core holes at other edge positions are partially spaced in distribution;

[0021] The magnetic fluid is located in the complete first core hole and the second core hole, and the foaming glue is located in the partial space of the first core hole and the second core hole.

[0022] In some examples of the present invention, the rubber particles include coarse rubber particles with a particle size of 4-7 mm and fine rubber particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm;

[0023] Among them, the ratio of coarse rubber particles to fine rubber particles in terms of filling amount is: 1.4-1.6;

[0024] The inner wall of the third core hole is coated with epoxy resin adhesive.

[0025] In some examples of the present invention, one end of the first core hole, the second core hole, and the third core hole is closed and the other end is open, and the open end is sealed by a rubber seal.

[0026] In some examples of the present invention, the foam glue is polyurethane foam glue;

[0027] The magnetic fluid consists of surface-modified Fe3O4 particles and fluorine-containing lubricating oil, and the filling rate in the first core hole and the second core hole is greater than or equal to 98%.

[0028] In some examples of the present invention, multiple groups of excitation coils are provided at the bottom of the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer, each group of excitation coils forms an independent closed loop, and circuit slots are reserved on the same side of the corresponding cushion layer;

[0029] The current flowing into each set of excitation coils is controlled by a controller.

[0030] A method for preparing an elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1, making a forming mold for the first cushion layer, the second cushion layer, and the groove cushion layer;

[0032] Pour EPDM rubber into the corresponding mold, and demould it after molding to obtain the corresponding cushion layer;

[0033] Using EPDM rubber as raw material, coarse rubber particles and fine rubber particles of different particle sizes, as well as rubber seals, are prepared;

[0034] S2, filling the first core hole of the arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure of the first cushion layer with magnetic fluid and foam glue, filling the second core hole of the funnel negative Poisson's ratio structure of the second cushion layer with magnetic fluid and foam glue, and filling the third core hole of the funnel negative Poisson's ratio structure of the groove cushion layer with coarse rubber particles and fine rubber particles;

[0035] After filling is completed, the first core hole, the second core hole, and the third core hole are sealed with rubber seals;

[0036] S3, arranging the excitation coil at the bottom of the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer, and connecting the wire of the excitation coil to the controller, which is used to control the magnitude of the input current.

[0037] A method for installing an elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Lay the first cushion layer on the base plate and between the upper and lower limiting grooves adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction; Lay the second cushion layer on the base plate and on both sides of each limiting groove in the transverse direction;

[0039] After the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer are laid, their edges can be aligned with the upper edge of the limiting groove;

[0040] Step 2: Lay the bottom surface of the groove cushion layer on the bottom end of the limiting groove, and lay the two horizontal surfaces and the two vertical surfaces on the horizontal surfaces and the vertical surfaces of the limiting groove respectively;

[0041] The transverse surface and the longitudinal surface of the groove cushion layer are in close contact with each other, and the transverse surface, the longitudinal surface and the bottom surface are in close contact with each other;

[0042] Step 3: Place the roadbed plate on the vibration damping pad, and make the protrusion of the roadbed plate match the limiting groove of the base plate;

[0043] Finally, the excitation coil wires at the bottom of the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer are led out, and current is passed through the controller.

[0044] Compared with the existing technology, the elastic vibration-damping pad of the ballastless track is enclosed and filled with independently arranged magnetic fluid and foam glue in the first and second pad layers. By externally controlling the excitation coil, the size of the magnetic field can be adjusted according to the load conditions, thereby achieving the variable stiffness effect of the internally filled magnetic fluid. This can significantly improve the defects of the traditional pad layer in uniform stiffness and inability to be adjusted in real time, greatly enhance the vibration reduction effect, and achieve vibration control and energy dissipation in a wider frequency range. At the same time, the foam glue cushions low-frequency impacts and better absorbs energy and reduces vibration. In addition, the groove pad is filled with rubber particles, and different materials are used for vibration reduction at different positions, which can further adjust the stiffness of the vibration-damping pad.

[0045] Since the first cushion layer has an arrow-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure, and the second cushion layer and the groove cushion layer have hexagonal negative Poisson's ratio structures, on the one hand, the stiffness of the corresponding cushion layer can be adjusted by using different structures at different positions based on the arrow-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure and the hexagonal negative Poisson's ratio structure. Different stiffness can better dissipate the upper impact load according to the stress conditions of the cushion layer, reducing stress concentration and local fatigue risks. On the other hand, the negative Poisson's ratio structure is filled with corresponding materials. Through the deformation of the structure and material, a synergistic effect is achieved between them, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the impact load of the train and avoid track damage. It is suitable for use in slab ballastless track.

[0046] A method for preparing an elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track comprises preparing molds for a first pad, a second pad, and a grooved pad, and then performing molding and demoulding to obtain the corresponding pads. The pads are prepared in blocks, which facilitates transportation and installation, enables local repair and replacement, and has greater versatility. This effectively avoids the defect of requiring overall replacement of the integrated pad due to small-area damage during use, thereby saving later repair and manufacturing costs.

[0047] A method for installing an elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track comprises laying a first pad, a second pad, and a groove pad of a modular structure on a base plate in sequence, then placing a track bed plate on the vibration-damping pad, and matching the protrusions of the track bed plate with the limiting grooves of the base plate. While ensuring load bearing and elastic vibration damping, the construction is convenient and quick, avoiding the long construction time caused by traditional paving using concrete, asphalt mixture, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional front view of the present invention at the limiting groove;

[0050] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first cushion layer in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is an enlarged front view of the first core hole of the first cushion layer in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the second cushion layer in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is an enlarged front view of the second core hole of the second cushion layer in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is an enlarged front view of the third core hole of the groove cushion layer of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the rubber seal and the corresponding cushion layer in the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9 is a top view of the arrangement of the excitation coil in the present invention;

[0057] In the figure: 100, vibration damping pad;

[0058] 10. first cushion layer, 11. first core hole;

[0059] 20. second cushion layer, 21. second core hole;

[0060] 30. groove cushion layer, 31. third core hole;

[0061] 41. Roadbed plate, 42. Base plate, 43. Limiting groove;

[0062] 51. Magnetic fluid, 52. Foaming glue;

[0063] 60, rubber particles, 61, coarse rubber particles, 62, fine rubber particles;

[0064] 70. Rubber seals;

[0065] 80. Excitation coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. The same figure marks in the drawings represent the same parts. It should be noted that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "a" or "an" do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Words such as "include" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0068] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention relates to an elastic vibration-damping pad for ballastless track. The vibration-damping pad 100 is made of rubber material and is laid between the track bed plate 41 and the base plate 42. The pad comprises:

[0069] The first cushion layer 10 is located above and between the longitudinally adjacent limiting grooves 43;

[0070] The second pad layer 20 is located on the upper peripheral side of the limiting groove 43;

[0071] The groove pad 30 is located on the surface side of the limiting groove 43;

[0072] The first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20 are enclosed and filled with independently arranged magnetic fluid 51 and foam glue 52, and the bottom is provided with an excitation coil 80 that can adjust the magnetic field and make the stiffness of the magnetic fluid 51 variable;

[0073] The groove pad 30 is filled with rubber particles 60;

[0074] Specifically, spaced limiting grooves 43 are provided between the track bed plate 41 and the base plate 42. The limiting grooves 43 are square, that is, a protrusion is provided at the lower portion of the track bed plate 41, and a limiting groove 43 matching the protrusion is provided at the upper portion of the base plate 42, and adjacent limiting grooves 43 are defined to be arranged longitudinally.

[0075] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the vibration-damping pad 100 is a rubber pad with a uniform cross-sectional thickness and is laid between the track bed plate 41 and the base plate 42. According to the stress characteristics of the pad at different positions, the vibration-damping pad 100 is divided into three pads, each of which can be suitable for different loads to avoid stiffness consistency; wherein, the first pad 10 is located between the longitudinally adjacent limiting grooves 43 and can be a rectangular block; the second pad 20 is located on the upper and circumferential sides of the limiting groove 43, that is, the second pad 20 includes two lateral sides and one longitudinal side located above the limiting groove 43. It can be understood that the second pad 20 is a rectangular block, and a slot for placing the limiting groove 43 is opened in the middle of one long side of the block; the groove pad 30 is a surface wrapped around the limiting groove 43, that is, the surface is composed of the circumference and bottom of the limiting groove 43, and the circumference of the limiting groove 43 is composed of two longitudinal sides and two lateral sides;

[0076] The magnetic fluid 51 and the foam glue 52 are respectively filled in the first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20 and are separated from each other. Preferably, the foam glue 52 is polyurethane foam glue 52, and the magnetic fluid 51 is composed of surface-modified Fe3O4 particles and fluorine-containing lubricating oil.

[0077] The first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20 are provided with an excitation coil 80 at the bottom. Figure 9As shown, multiple groups of excitation coils 80 are provided at the bottom of the first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20, and each group of excitation coils 80 can constitute an independent closed loop, and a circuit slot is reserved on the same side of the corresponding cushion layer; after power is turned on, the excitation coil 80 generates a magnetic field. When the vibration damping cushion layer 100 is subjected to an upper load, the strength of the magnetic field is adjusted by changing the current of the excitation coil 80 in real time, thereby changing the viscosity of the magnetic fluid 51, and adjusting the damping force of the structure in real time, thereby achieving vibration control and energy dissipation in a wider frequency range, and the grouped independent excitation coils 80 can also achieve stiffness adjustment of different parts; preferably, two groups of excitation coils 80 are provided at the bottom of the first cushion layer 10 in the horizontal direction, and three groups of excitation coils 80 are provided at the bottom of the second cushion layer 20, and the three groups of excitation coils 80 are respectively located on both sides of the horizontal direction and one side of the longitudinal direction above the limiting groove 43, and constitute an independent closed loop;

[0078] This is an elastic vibration-damping pad for ballastless track. In the first pad 10 and the second pad 20, independently arranged magnetic fluid 51 and foam glue 52 are sealed and filled. By externally controlling the excitation coil 80, the magnetic field size can be adjusted according to the load conditions, thereby achieving the variable stiffness effect of the internally filled magnetic fluid 51. This can significantly improve the defects of uniform stiffness and inability to be controlled in real time in traditional pads, greatly enhance the vibration reduction effect, and achieve vibration control and energy dissipation in a wider frequency range. At the same time, the foam glue 52 buffers low-frequency impacts and better absorbs energy and reduces vibration. In addition, the groove pad 30 is filled with rubber particles 60. Using different materials for vibration reduction at different positions can further adjust the stiffness of the vibration-damping pad 100.

[0079] In some examples of the present invention, Figures 2 to 7 As shown, the first cushion layer 10, the second cushion layer 20, and the groove cushion layer 30 are respectively provided with a plurality of first core holes 11, second core holes 21, and third core holes 31 arranged at intervals;

[0080] The magnetic fluid 51 and the foaming glue 52 are filled in the first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21, and the rubber particles 60 are filled in the third core hole 31;

[0081] Specifically, the hole depths of the first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 are determined based on the distance between the longitudinally adjacent limiting grooves 43; the groove pad 30 is located on the surface side of the limiting groove 43 and is composed of four circumferential surfaces and a bottom surface. Therefore, the hole depth of the third core hole 31 is determined based on the size of the limiting groove 43, and the hole depth direction of the third core hole 31 on the bottom surface is also longitudinal, and the third core holes 31 on the four circumferential surfaces are correspondingly arranged circumferentially.

[0082] The filling rate of the magnetic fluid 51 in the corresponding first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 is ≥98%;

[0083] In this example, magnetic fluid 51, foam glue 52, and rubber particles 60 are filled in the corresponding core holes, which can separate the corresponding filling materials, make the filling materials more evenly distributed, cover a wider vibration transmission path, and improve the vibration reduction effect.

[0084] In some examples of the present invention, the depths of the first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 both extend in the longitudinal direction;

[0085] The third core holes 31 of the bottom pad layer in the groove pad layer 30 extend in the longitudinal direction, and the third core holes 31 of the peripheral pad layer extend along the circumference of the groove pad layer 30;

[0086] In cross section, the first core hole 11 is a quadrilateral, wherein two sides of the quadrilateral are first connected to form an angle toward the cross section thickness, and then connected to each other at the end side to form an arrow shape;

[0087] The second core hole 21 and the third core hole 31 are hexagonal, with two sides of the hexagon being parallel and spaced apart in the cross-sectional thickness, and the other sides being connected in pairs to the ends of the two parallel sides to form a funnel shape;

[0088] In the cross-sectional thickness of the corresponding cushion layer, the plurality of first core holes 11, the second core holes 21, and the third core holes 31 are arranged at intervals; in the cross-sectional length of the first cushion layer 10, adjacent first core holes 11 are inverted and arranged at intervals;

[0089] In the cross-sectional length of the corresponding cushion layer, the adjacent second core holes 21 and third core holes 31 are arranged at intervals and staggered;

[0090] Specifically, the cross section of the corresponding cushion layer is a cross section perpendicular to the hole depth direction;

[0091] The hole depths of the first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 are determined based on the distance between the adjacent limiting grooves 43 in the longitudinal direction; the groove pad 30 is located on the surface side of the limiting groove 43 and is composed of four circumferential surfaces and a bottom surface. Therefore, the hole depth of the third core hole 31 is determined based on the size of the limiting groove 43, and the hole depth direction of the third core hole 31 on the bottom surface is also longitudinal, and the third core holes 31 on the four circumferential surfaces are arranged circumferentially accordingly;

[0092] like Figure 4 As shown, the arrow shape of the first core hole 11 is equivalent to the middle part of the base of the triangle being bent toward the center of the triangle, thereby forming a quadrilateral; Figure 5 As shown, the funnel shape of the second core hole 21 and the third core hole 31 is equivalent to the two sides of a rectangle being bent toward the center of the rectangle to form a hexagon;

[0093] In terms of quantity and distribution, along the cross-sectional length, adjacent first core holes 11 are inverted and spaced apart, i.e., the arrows of the first core holes 11 face upward, while the arrows of the adjacent first core holes 11 face downward, and they are spaced apart in sequence; adjacent second core holes 21 and third core holes 31 are staggered, i.e., the second core holes 21 and the third core holes 31 have the same hole shape, arrangement direction, and size. When one of the second core holes 21 is arranged normally, the adjacent second core holes 21 are staggered up and down by a certain distance and spaced apart.

[0094] Affected by the thickness of the corresponding cushion layer and the size of the corresponding core holes, in the cross-sectional thickness of the corresponding cushion layer, at least one group of first core holes 11, second core holes 21, and third core holes 31 arranged side by side are in a complete state, and a portion of the first core holes 11, second core holes 21, and third core holes 31 at other edge positions can be retained in the cushion layer thickness distribution. It can be understood that the thickness of the vibration-damping cushion layer 100 is determined according to the actual design, and the core holes in the corresponding cushion layer can be adjusted in the cross-sectional thickness. For example, when the thickness of the vibration-damping cushion layer 100 is large, the number of core holes in the cushion layer in the cross-sectional thickness is large. In the cross-sectional section of this example, a group of first core holes 11, second core holes 21, and third core holes 31 arranged side by side are selected to be in a complete state, which can be arranged in multiple groups;

[0095] Preferably, the magnetic fluid 51 is located in the complete first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21, and the foam glue 52 is located in the first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 in the partial space. That is, the purpose is to make the magnetic fluid 51 in the complete first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 play a leading role, so as to achieve variable stiffness, while the foam glue 52 in the first core hole 11 and the second core hole 21 in the partial space can assist in buffering low-frequency impact and better absorb energy and reduce vibration.

[0096] In this example, the special structure and arrangement of the first core hole 11, the second core hole 21, and the third core hole 31 enable the first cushion layer 10 to have an arrow-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure, while the second cushion layer 20 and the groove cushion layer 30 have a hexagonal negative Poisson's ratio structure. By setting the negative Poisson's ratio structure to expand laterally when under pressure (or contract laterally when under tension), the filling material can produce multi-directional deformation, and the coupling effect of structural deformation and material shear deformation further enhances the vibration reduction effect.

[0097] That is, the middle area (first cushion layer 10) subjected to greater stress adopts an arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure, which can have extremely high resistance to dynamic impact loads, while the two sides of the limiting groove 43 and the surface side of the limiting groove 43, where the stress is relatively small, use a hexagonal negative Poisson's ratio structure. Different structures are used in different positions to adjust the stiffness of the corresponding cushion layer. Different stiffness can better dissipate the upper impact load and reduce stress concentration and local fatigue risks.

[0098] Taking the first cushion layer 10 as an example, when the middle area is subjected to a large load, on the one hand, it can rely on the arrow-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure to absorb energy and reduce vibration, and on the other hand, it relies on the filled magnetic fluid 51 and foam glue 52 to perform a damping mechanism to coordinate vibration reduction. Through the deformation of the structure and material, the coordinated two-way energy dissipation between them is achieved, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the impact load of the train and avoid damage to the track. It is suitable for the use of slab ballastless track.

[0099] In some examples of the present invention, the rubber particles 60 include coarse rubber particles 61 with a particle size of 4-7 mm and fine rubber particles 62 with a particle size of 1-3 mm;

[0100] The filling ratio of the coarse rubber particles 61 to the fine rubber particles 62 is 1.4-1.6.

[0101] The inner wall of the third core hole 31 is coated with epoxy resin adhesive;

[0102] Specifically, the filling rubber particles 60 are dual-graded rubber particles 60. Preferably, the particle size of the coarse rubber particles 61 is 5 mm, the particle size of the fine rubber particles 62 is 2 mm, and the filling ratio is 1.5;

[0103] In this example, dual-graded rubber particles 60 are used. By filling coarse rubber particles 61 and fine rubber particles 62, the density can be improved, and epoxy resin adhesive is coated on the inner wall of the third core hole 31 so that the rubber particles 60 are bonded to the third core hole 31, greatly improving the interface bite performance.

[0104] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, one end of the first core hole 11, the first core hole 11, and the third core hole 31 are closed and one end is open, and the open end is sealed by a rubber seal 70;

[0105] Specifically, the thickness of the vibration damping pad 100 is uniform. To ensure that the corresponding core holes are filled with different types of materials and to facilitate assembly, the first pad 10, the second pad 20, and the groove pad 30 adopt a modular structure. The filling materials in each pad are independent of each other, and the corresponding core holes are blind hole structures with one end closed.

[0106] A rubber seal 70 that matches the cross section of the corresponding cushion layer is attached to the open end of the corresponding core hole. That is, cyanoacrylate, a special glue for EPDM rubber, is applied to the rubber seal 70 and the cross section of the corresponding cushion layer to achieve mutual bonding and seal the corresponding cushion layer.

[0107] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 5 As shown, the length of the pads on both sides of the groove pad 30 is greater than the length of the pads on both sides of the longitudinal direction;

[0108] Specifically, the cross-sectional form and size of the groove pad 30 are consistent;

[0109] Under the premise of ensuring the shape and arrangement of the third core hole 31, in order to facilitate the filling of materials in the groove gasket 30, the groove gasket 30 is divided into 5 parts, namely the two longitudinal sides and the two transverse sides of the periphery, and the bottom side. Each side is prepared independently and then assembled to increase the overall applicability. In order to ensure that there is no gap between the transverse side and the longitudinal side, the length of the transverse side gaskets in the groove gasket 30 is greater than the length of the longitudinal side gaskets.

[0110] The present invention relates to a method for preparing an elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0111] S1, using 3D printing technology to physically print the first cushion layer 10, the second cushion layer 20, and the groove cushion layer 30, and using the reverse molding technology to make the molding molds of the corresponding cushion layers;

[0112] Pour EPDM rubber into the corresponding mold and perform demoulding after molding;

[0113] Using EPDM rubber as a raw material, coarse rubber particles 61 and fine rubber particles 62 of different particle sizes, as well as a rubber seal 70 are prepared;

[0114] S2, filling the magnetic fluid 51 and the foam glue 52 into the first core hole 11 of the arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure of the first cushion layer 10, filling the magnetic fluid 51 and the foam glue 52 into the second core hole 21 of the funnel negative Poisson's ratio structure of the second cushion layer 20, and filling the coarse rubber particles 61 and the fine rubber particles 62 into the third core hole 31 of the funnel negative Poisson's ratio structure of the groove cushion layer 30;

[0115] After filling is completed, the first core hole 11, the second core hole 21, and the third core hole 31 are sealed by a rubber seal 70;

[0116] Specifically, the coarse rubber particles and the fine rubber particles are evenly mixed in a filling ratio of 6:4. First, epoxy resin adhesive is sprayed on the inner wall of the third core hole 31 of the groove cushion layer 30 to make it evenly adhere to the inner wall of the hole, and then the mixed rubber particles are filled.

[0117] When sealing the core hole of the corresponding cushion layer, cyanoacrylate, a special glue for EPDM rubber, is used to paint the rubber seal 70 and the cross section of the corresponding cushion layer, and then the two are bonded together;

[0118] S3, placing the excitation coil 80 at the bottom of the first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20, and connecting the wire of the excitation coil 80 to the controller, which is used to control the magnitude of the current;

[0119] This preparation method demolds the first cushion layer 10, the second cushion layer 20, and the groove cushion layer 30 one by one, and adopts a block-type preparation method for the cushion layer, which is convenient for transportation and installation, can realize local repair and replacement, has stronger versatility, and effectively avoids the defect of the traditional integrated cushion layer that needs to be replaced as a whole due to small area damage during use, thereby saving later maintenance costs.

[0120] The present invention relates to a method for installing an elastic vibration damping pad of a ballastless track, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0121] Step 1: Lay the first cushion layer 10 on the base plate 42 and between the upper and lower adjacent limiting grooves 43 in the longitudinal direction;

[0122] Lay the second cushion layer 20 on the base plate 42 and on both sides of each limiting groove 43;

[0123] After the first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20 are laid, their edges can be aligned with the upper edge of the limiting groove 43;

[0124] Step 2: Lay the bottom surface of the groove pad 30 on the bottom end of the limiting groove 43, and lay the two horizontal and vertical surfaces on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the limiting groove 43 respectively;

[0125] The transverse surface and the longitudinal surface of the groove pad 30 are in close contact with each other, and the transverse surface, the longitudinal surface and the bottom surface are in close contact with each other;

[0126] Step 3: Place the roadbed plate 41 on the vibration-damping pad 100 , and make the protrusion of the roadbed plate 41 match the limiting groove 43 of the base plate 42 ;

[0127] Finally, the wires of the excitation coil 80 at the bottom of the first cushion layer 10 and the second cushion layer 20 are led out and current is passed through the controller. It should be noted that the controller is a synonym for a control unit or a control system and does not represent a specific model.

[0128] The above describes in detail an exemplary implementation of an elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track proposed by the present invention with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, without departing from the concept of the present invention, various modifications and variations can be made to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and various combinations of the various technical features and structures proposed by the present invention can be made without exceeding the scope of protection of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An elastic vibration-damping pad for a ballastless track, wherein the vibration-damping pad (100) is laid between a track bed plate (41) and a base plate (42), and is characterized in that: The vibration-damping cushion layer (100) is made of rubber material. include: A first cushion layer (10) is located above and between longitudinally adjacent limiting grooves (43); The second cushion layer (20) is located on both sides of the upper side of the limiting groove (43); A groove pad (30) is located on the surface side of the limiting groove (43); The first cushion layer (10) and the second cushion layer (20) are enclosed and filled with independently arranged magnetic fluid (51) and foam glue (52), and the bottom is provided with an excitation coil (80) capable of regulating the magnetic field and making the stiffness of the magnetic fluid (51) variable; The groove cushion layer (30) is filled with rubber particles (60).

2. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cushion layer (10), the second cushion layer (20), and the groove cushion layer (30) are respectively provided with a plurality of first core holes (11), second core holes (21), and third core holes (31) arranged at intervals; The magnetic fluid (51) and the foaming glue (52) are filled in the first core hole (11) and the second core hole (21), and the rubber particles (60) are filled in the third core hole (31).

3. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hole depths of the first core hole (11) and the second core hole (21) both extend in the longitudinal direction; The third core hole (31) of the bottom pad layer in the groove pad layer (30) extends in the longitudinal direction, and the third core hole (31) of the peripheral pad layer extends along the circumference of the groove pad layer (30); In cross section, the first core hole (11) is a quadrilateral, wherein two sides of the quadrilateral are first connected to form an angle toward the cross section thickness, and then connected to each other at the end side to form an arrow shape; The second core hole (21) and the third core hole (31) are hexagonal, two sides of the hexagon are parallel and spaced apart in the cross-sectional thickness, and the other sides are connected in pairs to the ends of the two parallel sides to form a funnel shape; In the cross-sectional thickness of the corresponding cushion layer, a plurality of first core holes (11), second core holes (21), and third core holes (31) are arranged at intervals; in the cross-sectional length of the first cushion layer (10), adjacent first core holes (11) are inverted and arranged at intervals; In the cross-sectional length of the corresponding cushion layer, adjacent second core holes (21) and third core holes (31) are arranged at intervals and staggered.

4. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to claim 3, characterized in that: On the cross-sectional length of the corresponding cushion layer, at least one group of first core holes (11), second core holes (21), and third core holes (31) arranged side by side are in a complete state, and the first core holes (11), second core holes (21), and third core holes (31) at other edge positions retain some space in distribution; The magnetic fluid (51) is located in the complete first core hole (11) and the second core hole (21), and the foaming glue (52) is located in the partial space of the first core hole (11) and the second core hole (21).

5. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The rubber particles (60) include coarse rubber particles (61) with a particle size of 4-7 mm and fine rubber particles (62) with a particle size of 1-3 mm; The ratio of the coarse rubber particles (61) to the fine rubber particles (62) in terms of filling amount is 1.4-1.6; The inner wall of the third core hole (31) is coated with epoxy resin adhesive.

6. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: One end of the first core hole (11), the first core hole (11), and the third core hole (31) is closed and the other end is open, and the open end is sealed by a rubber seal (70).

7. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to claim 6, characterized in that: The foam glue (52) is polyurethane foam glue (52); The magnetic fluid (51) is composed of surface-modified Fe3O4 particles and fluorine-containing lubricating oil, and the filling rate in the first core hole (11) and the second core hole (21) is greater than or equal to 98%.

8. The elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of excitation coils (80) are provided at the bottom of the first cushion layer (10) and the second cushion layer (20), each group of excitation coils (80) forming an independent closed loop, and circuit slots are reserved on the same side of the corresponding cushion layers; The current flowing into each set of excitation coils (80) is controlled by a controller.

9. A method for preparing the elastic vibration damping pad of ballastless track according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, making a forming mold for a first cushion layer (10), a second cushion layer (20), and a groove cushion layer (30); Pour EPDM rubber into the corresponding mold, and demould it after molding to obtain the corresponding cushion layer; Using EPDM rubber as a raw material, coarse rubber particles (61) and fine rubber particles (62) of different particle sizes, as well as a rubber seal (70) are prepared; S2, filling the magnetic fluid (51) and the foamed rubber (52) into the first core hole (11) of the arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure of the first cushion layer (10), filling the magnetic fluid (51) and the foamed rubber (52) into the second core hole (21) of the funnel negative Poisson's ratio structure of the second cushion layer (20), and filling the coarse rubber particles (61) and the fine rubber particles (62) into the third core hole (31) of the funnel negative Poisson's ratio structure of the groove cushion layer (30); After the filling is completed, the first core hole (11), the second core hole (21), and the third core hole (31) are sealed by a rubber seal (70); S3, arranging the excitation coil (80) at the bottom of the first cushion layer (10) and the second cushion layer (20), and connecting the wire of the excitation coil (80) to a controller, which is used to control the magnitude of the input current.

10. A method for installing an elastic vibration damping pad for ballastless track according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Lay the first cushion layer (10) on the base plate (42) and between the upper and lower limit grooves (43) adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction; Lay the second cushion layer (20) on the base plate (42) and on both sides of each limit groove (43) in the transverse direction; After the first cushion layer (10) and the second cushion layer (20) are laid, their edges can be aligned with the upper edge of the limiting groove (43); Step 2: Lay the bottom surface of the groove pad (30) on the bottom end of the limiting groove (43), and lay the two transverse surfaces and the two longitudinal surfaces on the transverse surfaces and longitudinal surfaces of the limiting groove (43) accordingly; The transverse surface and the longitudinal surface of the groove pad (30) are in close contact with each other, and the transverse surface, the longitudinal surface and the bottom surface are in close contact with each other; Step 3: placing the roadbed plate (41) on the vibration-damping pad (100) and making the protrusion of the roadbed plate (41) match the limiting groove (43) of the base plate (42); Finally, the wires of the excitation coil (80) at the bottom of the first cushion layer (10) and the second cushion layer (20) are led out, and current is passed through the controller.

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