Engineering wood structure system

Abstract

An engineered wood structure system comprising a plurality of vertical structural elements (10) comprising: a first support (11) comprised between parallel vertical struts (12) formed by consecutively aligned vertical strut segments (13) connected to each other; a plurality of horizontal structural elements (20, 120) supported on said first support (11), each horizontal structural element comprising an upper horizontal plate (21) and a lower horizontal plate (22) between which at least one second spacer (23) is placed; the horizontal structural elements (20, 120) define at least one structural ply (1), and optionally comprise sheet metal members (30) supported on the horizontal structural elements (20, 120) defining the at least one structural ply (1).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application of "Philem Structure Co., Ltd." with an application date of June 2, 2021, application number 202180040614.0, and invention name "Engineered Wood Structure System". Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to an engineered wood structural system for constructing structures composed primarily or entirely of components formed from engineered wood, the components preferably being connected to one another using a durable, moisture resistant structural adhesive such as polyurethane or other resins. Background Art

[0003] Structural systems formed from engineered wood are known in the art.

[0004] For example, document WO2016191510A1 describes an engineered wood structure system comprising wall panels and beam or plate-like horizontal structural elements. Each beam comprises an upper horizontal plate, a lower horizontal plate and a second spacer located between and attached to the upper and lower horizontal plates. The plate is composed of structural floor levels, each plate being supported on the beam and comprising an upper and lower horizontal plate separated and connected by a second spacer, the second spacer being defined by a first rib and a second rib perpendicular to the first rib. The wall panel has a structure similar to that of the plate, but includes a first support at its upper end, a second support defined by the second spacer of the beam being engaged and supported, defining a structural node for transferring vertical loads from the beam to the wall panel.

[0005] The present solution allows the prefabrication and subsequent assembly of the different construction elements of the structural system.

[0006] The connection between the different structural elements through the structural nodes proposed in this solution allows the transfer of vertical loads, for example from beams to wall panels, but prevents the structural continuity of the panels through the structural nodes and the transfer of bending loads therethrough.

[0007] Furthermore, different horizontal structural elements converging at the same structural node are not connected to each other and it is possible to transfer loads between them or to compensate said loads between the converging horizontal structural elements.

[0008] Furthermore, the proposed connection between the horizontal structural elements and the wall panels is not a rigid connection. Therefore, loads other than vertical loads (such as shear loads, bending loads, or torsion loads) cannot be properly transferred across the different structural elements. According to this solution, vertical loads are transferred through the wall panels, but the beams are stacked on top of the wall panels, interrupting their vertical continuity. This prevents vertical load transfer through the wall panels when three or more structural plate layers are overlapped and supported on the wall panels. If vertical loads cannot be continuously transferred through the structural elements (in this case, the wall panels) intended to transfer vertical loads, the vertical loads supported by the structural elements are reduced, and the size, load resistance, and price of the structural system are negatively affected.

[0009] Document US3866371A also describes an engineered timber structural system comprising vertical structural elements defined by continuous columns, and horizontal structural elements in the form of beams connected to the sides of the vertical structural elements for transferring loads between the converging beams, thereby allowing compensation of said loads, the vertical structural elements passing through the hollow core of the beams.

[0010] Each beam is composed of a left plate and a right plate facing each other, defining between them a space through which the vertical structural elements pass.

[0011] The vertical structural elements defined in this solution have a reduced load resistance before bending forces.

[0012] Furthermore, in the case where beams along a first direction and a second direction (e.g., first and second orthogonal directions) converge on the same vertical structural element, the vertical connectors of the beams along the first direction interfere with and partially interrupt the vertical connectors of the beams along the second direction, and only half of the total vertical height of each vertical connector continuously spans the structural node connected to the opposing beam, negatively impacting the load resistance of the vertical connector and reducing the load transfer between the connected beams. This solution only allows connection between aligned beams, but does not allow for proper load transfer between misaligned beams converging on the same vertical structural element.

[0013] Document US20100275551 describes a connection between two aligned parts of a beam, the connection being achieved by means of finger joints on the facing ends and by means of a lower connector adhered to the lower surface of the beam. In this case, the lower connector is a triangular plate mounted in a complementary groove. In this case, the beam is a solid square beam, which is structurally inefficient and therefore expensive compared to other types of beams. This solution also only involves obtaining a long longitudinal beam formed by a plurality of partial beams glued together, but does not involve the connection of the beam to the vertical structural elements, nor does it involve the load transfer between the convergent beams supported on the vertical structural elements, or the load transfer from the convergent beams to the vertical structural elements.

[0014] Document EP0550803A1 describes a connection system between aligned beams similar to that described in document US20100275551. In this case, the beams are also solid square beams, and the connectors are integrated into the recessed staggered steps of the beams. However, in this document, when applying this solution to the connection between converging beams and vertical structural elements, only vertical connectors formed by vertical plates adhered to the lateral vertical surfaces of the beams and vertical structural elements are proposed, through which bending loads are transmitted, and only connections between aligned beams are allowed, and connections with beams converging from other different directions are not allowed. As mentioned above, engineered timber is more effective in transmitting compression of traction loads than in transmitting bending loads. Therefore, the vertical connectors proposed in this document are not the most efficient way to utilize engineered timber and have a negative impact on the efficiency of the structural system. This document does not propose that the vertical structural elements have continuity in vertical load transmission when multiple overlapping structural plate layers are supported on the vertical structural elements.

[0015] Document EP0079761A1 describes a structural system comprising a beam comprising an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate connected by a second spacer, the ends of which are connected to a vertical structural element comprising a first support supporting the second spacer, but the document does not describe the connection between different beams converging on the same vertical structural element.

[0016] Document FR2613403A1 describes an engineered timber structural system comprising a vertical structural element formed by four L-shaped vertical struts. Vertical flat slats can be inserted between the vertical struts and bolted together to create an articulated joint. This solution does not allow for the interconnection of several horizontal structural segments converging at the same structural node to transmit traction and compression forces.

[0017] Documents FR2133487A1, WO2015011300A1 and WO2015121886A1 also describe other engineered wood structural systems.

[0018] The present invention solves the above-referenced and other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0019] The invention relates to an engineered wood structure system formed by engineered wood components.

[0020] As will be understood, engineered wood is a derived wood product formed by combining or securing together a composite material of wood chips, particles, fibers, veneers, or planks of wood, wood dust, wood flour, or other plant products (such as bamboo) with adhesives. This wood is also known as mass timber, synthetic wood, manufactured wood, or engineered panels.

[0021] The most common types of engineered wood are plywood, which is made up of multiple layers of veneer sheets stacked in opposite directions and bonded together under high temperature and pressure using a durable, moisture-resistant adhesive; laminated veneer lumber (LVL), which is similar to plywood except all the veneers are stacked in the same direction; oriented strand board (OSB), which is made up of wood sheets compressed and glued together in multiple directions; laminated strand lumber (LSL), which is similar to OSB except the sheets are stacked in the same direction; and medium-density fiberboard, which is made up of wood fibers or sawdust that are pressed and glued together. Other types of engineered wood products are often referred to as glued laminated lumber (Glulam), heavy duty timber (EWP), and cross-laminated timber (CLT).

[0022] The purpose of this invention is to describe a structural system using engineered wood as the primary structural component, which includes not only the structural elements but also the connections between these structural elements.

[0023] Preferably, the engineered wood used in the main engineered wood components of the present invention, or at least in the engineered wood components supporting higher loads, has a load resistance of 20 N / mm 2 Up to 40N / mm 2 Maximum compressive strength between and / or up to 8N / mm 2 The adhesive used preferably has a maximum compressive strength equal to or greater than the compressive strength of the attached engineered wood component and a maximum shear strength equal to or greater than the shear strength of the attached engineered wood component after hardening.

[0024] The structural system comprises the following components, which are known in the prior art:

[0025] at least one vertical structural element having a plurality of structural nodes at different vertical positions corresponding to different slab layers, each structural node comprising at least one first support;

[0026] At least one horizontal structural element is used for each structural node, each horizontal structural element is composed of an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate are facing each other, are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, and are rigidly connected to each other by a second spacer included between the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate, and at least one horizontal structural element includes at least one second support, which is supported and vertically overlapped on at least one first support of the vertical structural element.

[0027] Several parallel vertical structural elements (ie several parallel struts) may be connected to each other by means of said horizontal structural elements, thereby defining a structure having several overlapping structural plies.

[0028] Each horizontal structural element includes an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate facing each other and spaced a distance apart. The upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate of each horizontal structural element are rigidly attached to each other via at least one second spacer, transmitting shear forces between the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate, increasing the load resistance of the horizontal structural element, and producing a durable, lightweight, and inexpensive horizontal structural element.

[0029] It will be understood that the word "plate" refers to a flat sheet of material defining two major surfaces of the plate, the major surfaces having the largest surface areas, and four peripheral surfaces connecting the two major surfaces together.

[0030] The length of the plate will be the longest dimension of the major surface, the width of the plate will be the dimension of the major surface perpendicular to the length, and the thickness will be the dimension perpendicular to the length and width.

[0031] It will also be understood that the horizontal or vertical position of a plate or strip refers to the position of its major surface, so a horizontal plate is a plate whose major surface is in a mostly horizontal position. When the element is a complex structural element (e.g. a vertical structural element or a horizontal structural element), the horizontal or vertical direction refers to the direction of its major length.

[0032] Preferably, the first support and the second support are mostly flat and horizontal surfaces facing each other, providing a wide contact area between the first support and the second support to distribute the vertical load transferred from the horizontal structural element to the vertical structural element. Preferably, when the distance between the vertical structural elements is at least 3m, the contact area is at least a few square centimeters, for example more than 10cm 2 or larger than 15cm 2 Preferably, both the first support and the second support are made of engineered wood.

[0033] Preferably, the second support is not defined by a through hole in the horizontal structural element, but by a surface exposed downwards, not facing other surfaces of the same horizontal structural element, since a through hole reduces the load resistance of the horizontal structural element in the most stressed areas and makes the installation process more difficult.

[0034] For example, the second support can be a region or reinforcement area of the lower horizontal plate, or a portion or reinforcement area of the second spacer not covered by the lower horizontal plate, and / or a portion or reinforcement portion of the upper plate extending in a cantilevered manner from the rest of the horizontal structural element.

[0035] The second support may be supported on the first support directly or via intervening elements, such as engineered wood, metal or plastic intervening elements.

[0036] The reinforced area is an area comprising more durable second spacers or more densely packed second spacers than the remainder of the horizontal structural element, and preferably an area where the second spacers completely fill the space between the horizontal lower and upper panels, preferably with engineered wood.

[0037] The horizontal structural element may also include reinforcement in other areas where loads are accumulated or are greater than in other areas. In these areas, reinforcement may be achieved by using thicker or stronger material or by including additional reinforcing layers of material in the upper connector or lower horizontal plate and / or in the ribs forming the second spacer. This is particularly advantageous in areas where bending forces are greatest, such as the central area of a horizontal structural element supported between two or four structural nodes or in the vicinity of said nodes.

[0038] The second support is supported directly on the first support, transferring the vertical loads. The reinforced area may be, for example, an area of the lower horizontal plate or the second spacer, which has an increased thickness compared to other areas of the same element or is formed of a more durable material or a more durable engineered wood.

[0039] Preferably, the upper horizontal plate, the lower horizontal plate and the optional second spacer are formed from engineered wood, and it is also proposed to connect these elements with an adhesive.

[0040] Preferably, the connection between the various elements making up the proposed structural system is achieved by adhesive or by a combination of adhesive and nails or screws. The adhesive distributes the transmitted load over a wide attachment area, avoiding load concentrations that can cause localized damage in engineered wood elements (typically when connections are made with only a few screws or nails).

[0041] Preferably, the adhesive used is a durable, moisture resistant structural adhesive such as polyurethane or other resins such as epoxy.

[0042] Due to the orthogonal nature of wood, engineered wood strips, studs and boards are generally more load-resistant in directions parallel to the major surfaces or major lengths of the elements than in directions perpendicular thereto.

[0043] In the case where the plywood panels are glued in the vertical direction, the difference in load resistance between X and Y is balanced.

[0044] When the load transmitted from the horizontal structural element to the first support is below a certain threshold, the horizontal structural element may be supported on the first support by a second support defined in the lower horizontal plate, compressing the lower horizontal plate in a direction perpendicular to its main surface. When the load transmitted from the horizontal structural element to the first support is above the certain threshold, the second support is preferably defined on the second spacer, which may, for example, include a downwardly projecting protrusion extending through the thickness of the lower horizontal plate, or a portion of the second spacer accessible through an area not covered by the lower horizontal plate.

[0045] The vertical struts constituting the vertical structural element are rigidly connected to one another by intervening first spacers which keep the vertical struts spaced apart from one another and transfer shear forces to one another, thereby increasing the overall load resistance of the vertical structural element.

[0046] The vertical struts are preferably formed from engineered wood and may have a square or rectangular cross-section.

[0047] Preferably, the vertical struts and optionally the first spacers and / or the first supports are formed from engineered wood, and it is also proposed to connect these elements with an adhesive.

[0048] The first support may be included between and attached to vertical surfaces of two vertical pillars facing each other, the first support including an upwardly facing surface, and the second support being supported by a downwardly facing surface thereof.

[0049] This construction concentrates the solid portion of the vertical structural element at its periphery, which provides greater load resistance to bending forces, creates a rigid vertical structural element with low mass and cost, and creates a hollow interior of the vertical structural element.

[0050] The region of the horizontal structural element comprising the second seat is inserted into the hollow interior of the vertical structural element, between two vertical struts facing each other, without interrupting the vertical continuity of said vertical struts.

[0051] The second mount is supported on a first mount that is at least partially contained within a hollow interior of a vertical structural element between vertical struts, transferring vertical loads from the horizontal structural element to the vertical structural element.

[0052] Each vertical structural element will receive vertical loads from all of the horizontal structural elements to which it is attached, accumulating vertical loads from multiple structural slab layers.

[0053] Typically, each vertical structural element is connected at its lower end to a foundation that distributes and transfers all vertical loads of the vertical structural elements to a wider area of the terrain on which the structure is located.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the structural system comprises a plurality of vertical structural elements parallel to one another, each vertical structural element comprising a first support. A plurality of horizontal structural elements are connected to the vertical structural elements via the first support, each connection defining a structural node. Preferably, the plate elements are supported on the horizontal structural elements, the horizontal structural elements defining a plurality of overlapping structural slabs at different slab levels.

[0055] Each of the plurality of horizontal structural elements has a portion included between at least two facing vertical struts and is vertically supported on the first support included between the two facing vertical struts. Preferably, each vertical strut is composed of a plurality of continuous vertical strut segments (formed from vertical lamellae of engineered wood) aligned and rigidly connected to each other by vertical connectors (formed from vertical lamellae of engineered wood), adhered to vertical strut surfaces of adjacent continuous vertical strut segments, or aligned and rigidly connected to each other by complementary recessed staggered steps defined on adjacent ends of two continuous vertical strut segments that overlap and adhere to each other.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one vertical structural element comprises at least one intermediate structural node located in a middle portion thereof, the intermediate structural node being spanned by the vertical strut without interrupting the vertical strut, the vertical structural element extending above and below the intermediate structural node.

[0057] Accordingly, structural nodes can be placed at intermediate positions of vertical structural elements, rather than just at extreme positions, maintaining the structural continuity of the vertical struts above and below the structural node, transferring not only vertical loads but also bending loads, shear loads and torsional loads through said structural node of the vertical structural elements.

[0058] It is also proposed that at least one structural node is spanned by at least one horizontal structural element without interrupting the horizontal structural element and without interrupting the vertical struts, the horizontal structural element comprising portions protruding from the vertical structural element on at least two different sides of the vertical structural element, the at least two different sides being two opposite sides (e.g. left and right sides) or two continuous sides (e.g. front and left sides) of the vertical structural element, and preferably being three or four sides of the vertical structural element.

[0059] According to this, at least one horizontal structural element spans the structural node without interruption, and transmits the load from one protrusion to another protrusion through the structural node, thereby improving the structural performance of the horizontal structural element.

[0060] The above-mentioned consecutive vertical pillar segments are rigidly connected to each other, for example, by the following components:

[0061] end faces of consecutive vertical strut segments attached to each other by adhesive;

[0062] vertical connectors; or

[0063] a vertical connector that partially overlaps and is attached to two consecutive vertical support sections; or

[0064] A vertical connector that partially overlaps and is attached to two consecutive vertical support sections by means of complementary recessed staggered steps; or

[0065] a vertical connector included between two consecutive vertical strut segments and connected to a first spacer rigidly attached to the consecutive vertical strut segments; or

[0066] Complementary recessed staggered steps are defined on the ends of two consecutive vertical strut sections that overlap and attach each other.

[0067] Accordingly, the connection between the vertical strut segments can be achieved by a vertical connector that is simultaneously adhered to the ends of two consecutive vertical strut segments of the same vertical strut and / or connected to a first spacer that is simultaneously connected to the ends of two consecutive vertical strut segments. In some cases, the first spacer can also serve as a vertical connector. In any case, the connection between consecutive vertical strut segments should be a rigid connection. The vertical connector can be formed from vertical thin sheets of engineered wood, metal and / or carbon fiber.

[0068] Alternatively, the connection between the vertical strut segments can be achieved by direct bonding of two overlapping portions of consecutive vertical strut segments connected to each other, the overlapping portions including complementary recessed staggered steps defining an attachment portion. Each recessed staggered step is defined in a vertical plane parallel to the major surface of the vertical strut, increasing the attachment area over which the two connecting elements are attached together by the adhesive.

[0069] Preferably, each vertical strut segment is comprised between two structural nodes, said attachment between consecutive vertical strut segments being produced in the portions of the vertical structural elements defining the structural nodes.

[0070] It is also proposed that at least a portion of the vertical connectors may include one or more recessed staggered steps that complement and attach to recessed staggered steps included in the successive vertical strut segments connected to each other by the vertical connectors. This connection provides a more even load distribution, increases the connection surface, providing not only vertical but also horizontal connection surfaces on each step, and increases the strength of the connection. While the vertical surfaces ensure separation between the elements, the horizontal surfaces can transmit compressive loads.

[0071] This connection also allows two consecutive vertical strut sections to be flush with the vertical connector when the two consecutive vertical strut sections have the same cross-sectional area.

[0072] Successive strut segments can have the same cross-sectional area, or preferably different cross-sectional areas, to adapt to the vertical loads supported by each strut segment. Strut segments closer to the foundation support greater vertical loads than strut segments closer to the uppermost structural slab. Therefore, it is recommended to always use strut segments with a cross-sectional area equal to or smaller than that of the strut segments of the same vertical structural element positioned below.

[0073] A plurality of horizontal structural elements may be supported on the same structural node, each horizontal structural element comprising at least one second support supported on at least one first support of the structural node.

[0074] In this case, the horizontal structural elements supported on the same structural node will be rigidly connected to each other via upper and / or lower connectors.

[0075] The upper connector is at least partially contained within the hollow interior of the vertical structural element and at least partially overlaps and is attached to all horizontal structural elements supported in the structural node to transfer horizontal traction loads between the upper horizontal plates of the connected horizontal structural elements. Preferably, the upper connector overlaps the ends of all converging horizontal structural elements and is adhered to the upper horizontal plates of the converging horizontal structural elements.

[0076] A lower connector is at least partially contained within the hollow interior of the vertical structural element, positioned between and in direct contact with, or through an intervening hardened adhesive, converging horizontal structural elements, and / or at least partially overlapping and attached to all horizontal structural elements supported in said structural node, and / or at least partially overlapping and attached to a second support of all horizontal structural elements supported in said structural node, to transfer horizontal compressive loads between the lower horizontal plates of the connected horizontal structural elements.

[0077] The lower connector may be formed from engineered wood, metal, or may be a solid block of hardened adhesive.

[0078] For example, the lower connector can be placed between the converging horizontal structural elements and in close contact therewith to transmit horizontal compressive loads therebetween, for example, as a block or inverted frustum of a cone mounted between opposite ends of the converging horizontal structural elements so that the lower connector can be compressed between the opposite ends. It is contemplated that the close contact can be created by intervening a hardened adhesive.

[0079] Similar to the upper connector, the lower connector may also at least partially overlap, be located below and be attached to all horizontal structural elements supported in the structural node to transfer horizontal compressive loads between the horizontal structural elements.

[0080] The lower connector may also be the first support of the vertical structural element when the first support is simultaneously attached to all second supports of all horizontal structural elements supported on the same structural node, transferring horizontal compressive loads between the converging horizontal structural elements.

[0081] For example, the upper and / or lower connectors may comprise a plurality of radial horizontal connecting arms surrounding a central portion contained within the hollow interior of the vertical structural element, each radial horizontal connecting arm being connected to one horizontal structural element, or each radial horizontal connecting arm being attached to one horizontal structural element via complementary recessed staggered steps.

[0082] The upper and / or lower connectors may be formed from engineered wood, metal, and / or carbon fiber.

[0083] When the upper or lower connector comprises several radially horizontal connecting arms and is formed from engineered wood, the connector preferably comprises several overlapping engineered wood layers having different face plate orientations bonded together.

[0084] For example, the horizontal structural element may be a beam or an I-beam having, at each structural node supporting said beam or I-beam, a region comprising at least one second support inserted into the hollow interior of the vertical structural element.

[0085] A beam or I-beam can be a beam that passes through a structural node, with a secondary support formed in the intermediate region of the beam inserted into the hollow interior of a vertical structural element. The beam can pass through multiple aligned structural nodes of different vertical structural elements, with the beam having several secondary supports defined in several intermediate regions that are inserted into the hollow interiors of different vertical structural elements. Beams supported on consecutive aligned vertical structural elements that are adjacent to each other (e.g., less than 1 m or less than 0.5 m) can be considered structural walls, particularly if the spaces between consecutive aligned vertical structural elements are enclosed with vertical wall panels.

[0086] I-beams offer the best use of materials because they are stronger and more durable, use less material and are therefore lighter and less expensive than other types of beams.

[0087] Preferably, the second spacer of the beam or I-beam is one or several central vertical plates, that is to say the plates have their main surfaces in vertical position, connecting the upper and lower horizontal plates together, the main surfaces of which are mostly in horizontal position.

[0088] Alternatively, the second spacer of the beam or I-beam can be formed, for example, from overlapping horizontal slats (e.g., several stacked horizontal panels), and / or several stacked horizontal panels having oriented fibers parallel to each other, and / or several stacked horizontal panels having oriented fibers distributed vertically in a continuous panel; or, can be formed from triangular strips of engineered wood or metal.

[0089] The beam or I-beam may be a post-stressed beam including at least one post-stressed cable between its opposite ends. Alternatively, a plurality of aligned continuous beams may be post-stressed beams including at least one continuous post-stressed cable passing along all of the continuous beams.

[0090] Opposite ends of the at least one beam retain at least one post stress cable in an upper position adjacent to the upper horizontal plate, and a central region of the at least one beam between the opposite ends retains at least one post stress cable in a lower position adjacent to the lower horizontal plate.

[0091] According to this solution, the post-stressing cables cover the entire longitudinal direction of the beam from one end to the opposite end, the post-stressing cables are maintained under tension defining a polygonal or arched shape, the central area of the post-stressing cables is adjacent to the central area of the lower horizontal plate of the beam, and the opposite ends of the post-stressing cables are adjacent to the ends of the upper horizontal plate of the beam, thereby increasing the overall load resistance of the beam.

[0092] Optionally, the plurality of continuous beams are post-stressed beams, comprising at least one continuous post-stressing cable passing along all of the continuous beams, with opposite ends of each beam maintaining the at least one post-stressing cable in an upper position adjacent to the upper horizontal plate, and a central region of each beam located between the opposite ends maintaining the at least one post-stressing cable in a lower position adjacent to the lower horizontal plate, allowing the use of the same post-stressing cable for post-tensioning the plurality of continuous beams.

[0093] Alternatively, the plurality of continuous beams are post-stressed beams, each beam comprising at least one cable sleeve, the opposite ends of each beam maintaining the at least one cable sleeve in an upper position adjacent to the upper horizontal plate, and a central region of each beam located between the opposite ends maintaining the at least one cable sleeve in a lower position adjacent to the lower horizontal plate, wherein each cable sleeve of each beam is connected to a cable sleeve of a continuous beam of the plurality of continuous beams via a sleeve connector, and wherein the plurality of continuous beams comprise at least one continuous post-stressed cable passing through corresponding cable sleeves along all of the continuous beams, the cable sleeves being connected to each other via the sleeve connector.

[0094] In this way, cable sleeves can be pre-installed on each beam and, once the beams are installed, the cable sleeves can be connected to each other via sleeve connectors and the post-stressing cables can then be inserted through the cable sleeves and post-tensioned.

[0095] Alternatively, the horizontal structural element may be a plate having a region including at least one second seat inserted into the hollow interior of the vertical structural element, the plate including, at each structural node supporting the plate, at least one vertical through-hole adjacent to the second seat, through which a vertical strut of the vertical structural element passes.

[0096] The sheet material can be supported simultaneously on several structural nodes of different vertical structural elements, with the sheet material including a portion having at least one secondary support inserted into the hollow interior of each vertical structural element. The sheet material will include at least one vertical through-hole adjacent to each secondary support, through which a vertical support of the vertical structural element passes.

[0097] In this case, the secondary spacers can include one or more central vertical panels, or multiple central vertical panels arranged in orthogonal directions, and / or rigid foam rigidly connecting the upper and lower horizontal panels. A central vertical panel is a panel whose major surface is in the vertical direction. Alternatively, these secondary spacers can be stacked horizontal panels in one or two orthogonal directions.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the sheet material may be a post-stressed sheet material comprising a plurality of sheet material post-stressed cables arranged parallel to each other or in two cross directions.

[0099] Alternatively, the plurality of aligned continuous sheets may be post-stress sheets comprising a plurality of continuous sheet post-stress cables arranged parallel to each other or in two intersecting directions, at least a portion of the plurality of sheet post-stress cables passing along all of the continuous sheets.

[0100] Preferably, in at least one structural node, the upper and lower horizontal plates of at least one horizontal structural element connected to the structural node are spaced apart from the vertical struts of the vertical structural element by a gap distance, and the first and second supports are configured to reduce or avoid the transfer of bending forces, thereby forming an articulated joint between the horizontal and vertical structural elements. In this case, vertical loads are transferred from the horizontal structural element to the vertical structural element via the second support, which overlaps and is supported on the first support of the vertical structural element, but does not provide a rigid attachment, thereby avoiding the transfer of bending forces.

[0101] When the horizontal structural elements are attached to the upper and lower connectors, the upper and lower connectors are also spaced apart from the vertical struts by the gap distance, thereby preventing bending forces from being transferred therethrough.

[0102] A person skilled in the art will be fully aware of various different connections that will avoid the transmission of bending forces. For example, to avoid the transmission of bending forces, the first support and the second support provide for the transmission of forces in the vertical descending direction, but completely or largely block or prevent the transmission of forces in the vertical ascending direction or in the horizontal direction.

[0103] Alternatively, in at least one structural node, an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate of at least one horizontal structural element connected to the structural node are connected to opposite vertical sides of a vertical strut, respectively, to transmit bending forces to the vertical strut, thereby forming a rigid connection between the horizontal structural element and the vertical structural element. The connection can be produced directly, or by means of an upper connector and / or a lower connector and / or by means of a hardened adhesive that fills the gap distance.

[0104] When the horizontal structural elements are connected to the upper and lower connectors, which may also be attached to opposing vertical sides of the vertical struts, a pair of opposing horizontal forces are transmitted to transfer the bending forces to the vertical structural elements.

[0105] In this case, the lower horizontal plate or the lower connecting member attached to the lower horizontal plate will be pressed against the vertical side of one or more vertical pillars of the vertical structural element, transmitting horizontal compressive force thereto, and the upper horizontal plate or the upper connecting member connected to the upper horizontal plate will be pressed against the other vertical side of one or more vertical pillars, the vertical side being opposite to the vertical side attached to the aforementioned lower horizontal plate, transmitting a horizontal compressive force opposite to and higher than the aforementioned horizontal compressive force thereto. The pair of opposing horizontal forces transmits a bending force to the vertical pillars, creating a rigid attachment between the horizontal structural element and the vertical structural element.

[0106] In this case, the first support and the second support may be configured to avoid transmitting bending forces or to transmit bending forces.

[0107] According to some examples of this embodiment, the opposite vertical sides that receive the horizontal compressive force are vertical sides facing each other in the hollow interior of the vertical structural element, vertical sides of two different vertical pillars, or opposite vertical sides of the same vertical pillar, or vertical sides of different vertical pillars, and the vertical sides are located on the periphery of the vertical structural element.

[0108] According to one embodiment, at least one horizontal structural element may be supported simultaneously on multiple structural nodes of different vertical structural elements.

[0109] Horizontal structural elements of the same ply can be laterally adjacent panels. These adjacent panels can be connected to each other, for example, by attachment of:

[0110] The peripheral region of the upper horizontal plate of one sheet material is directly attached in a stacked manner to the peripheral region of the upper horizontal plate of another laterally adjacent sheet material by complementary staggered steps or by intervening joint connections to transfer horizontal loads; and / or

[0111] The peripheral area of the upper horizontal plate of one sheet is directly attached to the peripheral area of the upper horizontal plate of another laterally adjacent sheet in a stacked manner by complementary staggered steps or by intervening joint connections to transfer horizontal traction loads, and the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of one sheet is attached to the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of another laterally adjacent sheet to transfer horizontal loads.

[0112] In this manner, different horizontal structural elements (typically different sheet materials) of the same ply can be attached transversely to one another to form a continuous ply. The attachment between adjacent horizontal structural elements provides structural continuity, increasing the performance of the horizontal structural elements due to load transfer between them. When the horizontal structural elements are sheet materials, the connection can be made directly through the peripheral areas of the adjacent sheet materials or through joint connections that connect the adjacent sheet materials together.

[0113] The sheet can be connected to the adjacent sheet only through the peripheral regions at opposite ends thereof, thereby obtaining a sheet having one-way structural continuity with the adjacent sheet. Alternatively, the sheet can be connected to the adjacent sheet through the peripheral regions on all four sides of the sheet, thereby obtaining two-way structural continuity with the adjacent sheet.

[0114] Regardless of whether the horizontal structural element is a plate or a beam, an additional embodiment is proposed. This embodiment can be implemented independently of the above embodiments (i.e., the vertical structural element is different from the above embodiments, or the connection between the horizontal structural element and the vertical structural element is different from the above connection), or can be freely combined with any of the proposed embodiments to provide different solutions and can serve as the basis for separate applications. This embodiment is directed to an engineered wood structural system formed by engineered wood components, including:

[0115] a plurality of horizontal structural elements separated by a gap distance, each horizontal structural element comprising at least one second support supported and vertically overlapped on at least one first support of one vertical structural element, each horizontal structural element consisting of an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate facing each other, spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, and rigidly connected to each other by a second spacer included between the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate;

[0116] At least one plate segment is placed between the horizontal structural elements and supported on the horizontal structural elements, the plate segment covering the gap distance between the horizontal structural elements and defining a plate layer, the plate segment consisting of an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate facing each other, spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, and rigidly connected to each other by a third spacer included between the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate.

[0117] The third spacer may have the same possible embodiments as the second spacer described above.

[0118] At least one panel segment may be supported on the horizontal structural element by a third support included in the panel segment. The third support may be:

[0119] The peripheral regions of the upper horizontal plates of the panel segments are directly attached to the upper horizontal plates of the surrounding horizontal structural elements by complementary staggered steps or by joint connections to transfer horizontal traction loads; and / or

[0120] The peripheral regions of the upper horizontal plates of the panel segments are directly attached to the upper horizontal plates of the surrounding horizontal structural elements by means of complementary staggered steps or by means of joint connections to transfer horizontal traction loads, and the peripheral regions of the lower horizontal plates of the panel segments are directly attached to the peripheral regions of the lower horizontal plates of the surrounding horizontal structural elements by means of complementary staggered steps or by means of intervening connections to transfer horizontal compression loads; and / or

[0121] The peripheral regions of the upper horizontal plates of the panel segments are directly attached to the upper horizontal plates of other adjacent panel segments by complementary staggered steps or by joint connections to transfer horizontal traction loads, the panel segments being supported on at least one horizontal structural element;

[0122] The peripheral area of the upper horizontal plate of the plate segment is directly attached to the upper horizontal plate of other adjacent plate segments by complementary staggered steps or by joint connectors to transfer horizontal traction loads, the plate segment is supported on at least one horizontal structural element, and the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of the plate segment is directly attached to the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of the adjacent plate segment by complementary staggered steps or by intervening connectors to transfer horizontal compression loads.

[0123] Each panel segment can be attached to the horizontal structural element by a third support that vertically overlaps and is connected to the horizontal structural element. For example, the third support can be a region or reinforcement region of a lower horizontal plate of the panel segment, or an exposed portion of a third spacer that overlaps and is attached to an upper horizontal plate of at least one horizontal structural element, or an upwardly exposed surface of the horizontal structural element.

[0124] When the horizontal structural elements are plates, the upper horizontal plate of the intervening plate segments may be flush with the upper horizontal plate of the flat plate.The connection may be produced by partially overlapping peripheral areas of the plates connected to each other, for example by staggered steps.

[0125] A panel segment may be connected to an adjacent panel only via the peripheral regions at opposite ends thereof, thereby providing a panel segment having one-way structural continuity with the adjacent panel. Alternatively, a panel segment may be connected to an adjacent panel via the peripheral regions on all four sides of the panel segment, thereby providing a two-way structural continuity with the adjacent panel.

[0126] When the horizontal structural element is a beam, the upper horizontal plates of the intervening plate segments may overlap and be attached to the upper horizontal plates of the beam, and preferably, the upper horizontal plates of adjacent plate segments placed on opposite sides of the same beam may be connected to each other, transferring traction loads between the adjacent plate segments.

[0127] In this case, the plate segment can be connected to the adjacent plate segment only through the peripheral regions at its opposite ends, thereby obtaining a plate segment having one-way structural continuity with the adjacent plate segment. Alternatively, the plate segment can be connected to the adjacent plate segment through the peripheral regions on all four sides of the plate segment, thereby obtaining two-way structural continuity with the adjacent plate segment.

[0128] The upper horizontal plate of a plate segment is directly connected to the upper horizontal plate of an adjacent plate segment by means of complementary overlapping staggered steps provided in the peripheral area of the upper horizontal plate or by means of connectors to transfer horizontal traction loads therebetween, and / or the lower horizontal plate of a plate segment is directly connected to the lower horizontal plate of an adjacent plate segment by means of complementary overlapping staggered steps provided in the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate or by means of connectors to transfer horizontal compression loads therebetween.

[0129] The plate segment may be supported on the upper horizontal plate of the horizontal structural element by a third support defined in the downwardly facing surface of the upper horizontal plate of the plate segment and / or on the lower horizontal plate of the horizontal structural element by a third support and / or on the second spacer of the horizontal structural element.

[0130] When the panel segment is supported on the beam, the panel segment may be positioned above the beam with a third support defined in the lower horizontal plate of the panel segment or in the third spacer, the third support being supported on and attached to the upper horizontal plate of the beam.

[0131] Alternatively, the beam can be at least partially embedded in the structural slab, thereby reducing the overall thickness, and adjacent slab segments on opposite sides of the beam can be directly connected to each other by providing complementary overlapping staggered steps in the peripheral region of the upper horizontal plate or by connectors to transfer horizontal tensile loads therebetween. The lower horizontal plate of a slab segment can also be directly attached to the lower horizontal plate of an adjacent slab segment by providing complementary overlapping staggered steps in the peripheral region of the lower horizontal plate or by connectors to transfer horizontal compressive loads therebetween. The connectors can be integrated into the beam or can extend through the beam.

[0132] The construction of beams, plates, plate segments and their connection via peripheral areas can be implemented independently of the connection of horizontal structural elements to vertical structural elements, so these features can serve as the basis for divisional applications.

[0133] Preferably, the vertical structural element has a square or rectangular cross-section defined by two vertical struts, each strut covering two corners of the vertical structural element, thereby defining two entrances to the hollow interior of the structural node. Two different horizontal structural elements can be inserted into the hollow interior through the entrances, or a single horizontal structural element can pass through the hollow interior and extend through the two entrances.

[0134] Alternatively, the vertical structural element is defined by three vertical struts, one vertical strut covering two corners of the vertical structural element, and the other two vertical struts being placed on the remaining two corners of the vertical structural element, defining three entrances to the hollow interior of the structural node.

[0135] Optionally, the vertical structural element is defined by four vertical struts positioned at four corners of the vertical structural element, the vertical struts defining four entrances to the hollow interior of the structural node.

[0136] Some engineered wood components connected to each other may have tolerance gaps between them, either filled with hardened adhesive with a tolerance gap of up to 25 mm when no shear load is transferred through the hardened adhesive, or filled with hardened adhesive with a tolerance gap of up to 1 mm when shear load is transferred through the hardened adhesive.

[0137] It should be understood that reference geometric positions (eg, parallel, perpendicular, tangential, etc.) allow for ±5° deviations from the theoretical position defined by that term.

[0138] Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the following embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0139] The foregoing and other advantages and features will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of embodiments, which description is by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0140] Figure 1A a perspective view of a building using the engineered wood structural system of the present invention in construction, the view showing a square matrix of sixteen vertical structural elements connected together to support a first structural deck completely covered by panel segments and to support a beam matrix of a second structural deck overlapping the first structural deck, with vertical structural elements projecting upwardly from the second structural deck to support a beam matrix of a third structural deck;

[0141] Figure 1B shows a perspective view of a building using the engineered wood structural system under construction, wherein one half of the building has independent vertical structural elements and the other half of the building has structural walls formed from aligned vertical structural elements, according to one embodiment;

[0142] Figure 1C A perspective view of a building using the engineered wood structural system in construction according to an embodiment is shown, wherein the horizontal structural elements are panels, each panel being connected to one or two structural nodes and including panel segments interposed therebetween and supported to the structural nodes, the panels defining decks;

[0143] Figure 2A shows a beam comprising two parallel central vertical sheets according to one embodiment;

[0144] Figure 2B Shown Figure 2A Exploded view of the beam;

[0145] Figure 3A Shown Figure 2A An alternative embodiment of the beam shown includes post-stressed cables included between two parallel central vertical plates;

[0146] Figure 3B yes Figure 3A Exploded view of

[0147] Figure 4is an exploded and perspective view of a vertical structural element segment comprising four vertical strut segments, a vertical structural element spacer, and four first supports for receiving and supporting four converging beams;

[0148] Figure 5A a perspective view showing an assembly step of a node of a structural system, wherein two aligned beams are connected to a vertical structural element segment, the vertical structural element segment comprising two vertical support segments and two first supports, wherein one beam is connected to one of the first supports and is separated for clarity;

[0149] Figure 5B Shown Figure 5A Another assembly step of the same node is shown, wherein both converging beams are supported on the first support, and wherein the upper connecting member, the lower connecting member and the subsequent vertical structural element segments are shown in an exploded view;

[0150] Figure 5C Shown fully assembled Figure 5A and Figure 5B A node is shown in which two consecutive vertical structural element segments have respective vertical strut segments adhered to one another, thereby creating a continuous vertical structural element;

[0151] Figure 6A Shows the following nodes except Figure 5B a comparable view wherein four converging beams are supported on four first supports of a common vertical structural element segment, wherein consecutively aligned vertical strut segments are connected to one another by four vertical connectors around a node;

[0152] Figure 6B Shown Figure 6A a fully assembled node shown wherein two consecutive vertical structural element segments have respective vertical strut segments adhered to one another by said vertical connectors, thereby creating a continuous vertical structural element;

[0153] Figure 6C Shown through Figure 6B a vertical cross-section of two vertical connectors of the illustrated structural node, wherein vertical load transfer through one of a plurality of said vertical connectors is illustrated as a vertical arrow, and wherein a tolerance gap between the vertical connector and the vertical structural element segment is illustrated as filled with a hardened adhesive;

[0154] Figure 6D Shown through Figure 6B a horizontal cross-section of a lower connector of a structural node shown, wherein compression of the lower connector by four converging lower horizontal plates is shown as arrows, and wherein a tolerance gap between the lower connector and the horizontal structural element is shown filled with hardened adhesive;

[0155] Figure 6E Shown through Figure 6B a horizontal cross-section of an upper connector of a structural node shown in , wherein the traction load on the right side is greater than the traction load on the left side, resulting in a net right side traction load that is transmitted by the vertical connector to two vertical struts on the left side of the vertical structural element, and wherein the tolerance gap between the upper connector and the vertical struts is shown filled with hardened adhesive;

[0156] Figure 6F Shown Figure 6A an alternative embodiment in which the first mount projects outwardly from the vertical structural element and the spaces between the converging horizontal structural elements are slightly larger, including a larger lower connector;

[0157] Figure 6G shows an alternative embodiment Figure 6A The illustrated node, according to this embodiment, the vertical connector does not include a staggered step configuration, and according to this alternative embodiment, the second spacer of the horizontal structural element is an overlapping horizontal plate stacked between the upper and lower plates;

[0158] Figure 6H shows an alternative embodiment Figure 6A The illustrated node, according to this embodiment, the vertical connectors and the upper and lower connectors are formed of metal or carbon fiber and do not include a staggered step configuration, and according to this alternative embodiment, the second spacer of the horizontal structural element is an overlapping horizontal plate stacked between the upper and lower plates;

[0159] Figure 7A A perspective view showing the steps of assembling a node of a structural system, wherein a plate comprises a lower horizontal plate, an upper horizontal plate and a second spacer defined by cross ribs, the plate comprising four vertical through-holes in its center and connected to a vertical structural element segment, the vertical structural element segment comprising four vertical support segments, one support segment for each vertical through-hole, and four first supports;

[0160] Figure 7B Shown fully assembled Figure 7A a node as shown wherein two consecutive vertical structural element segments have respective vertical strut segments adhered to each other by said vertical connectors, thereby creating a continuous vertical structural element;

[0161] Figure 8A Shows the equivalent except for the following nodes Figure 5B The illustrated embodiment wherein three beams converge on a common vertical structural element segment comprising three first supports, two aligned beams and one beam perpendicular to the other two beams, and wherein the upper connector comprises three horizontal connecting arms;

[0162] Figure 8B Shown Figure 8A The node shown also includes a vertical connector shown in an exploded position, the vertical connector being adhered to the vertical strut surfaces of two consecutive vertical strut segments of the vertical structural element;

[0163] Figure 9A A perspective view of a beam matrix having one sheet segment formed from three sheet segments installed therein is shown, with the central sheet segment shown in exploded view;

[0164] Figure 9B Shown with the exception of three plate segments mounted on a matrix of beams Figure 9A The same situation is shown with the second rib joint and the upper sheet joint in exploded view;

[0165] Figure 9C is an exploded cross-sectional view of a beam and two adjacent plate segments supported on the beam;

[0166] Figure 9D Except in the assembled position Figure 9C The same view, wherein the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal thin plate of two adjacent plate segments are connected to each other;

[0167] Figure 9E 、 Figure 9F and Figure 9G The cross-sections of three alternative embodiments of two adjacent sheet segments supported on a beam are shown, differing from Figure 9D The embodiment shown;

[0168] Figure 10 a perspective view showing a beam matrix of a structural slab including a schematic diagram of tensioning cables after arranging the slab within the structural slab, with only the first and second ribs of each slab segment shown for clarity;

[0169] Figure 11 A perspective view of a structural wall is shown, comprising a beam supported on a plurality of aligned vertical structural elements, each vertical structural element comprising two vertical struts and two vertical connectors, the beam comprising a reinforcement portion with an additional lower horizontal plate for a door opening, and having one end of the beam connected to two other beams by upper and lower connectors.

[0170] In the attached drawings, the surfaces where the adhesive was applied are shaded. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0171] The foregoing and other advantages and features will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of embodiments, which description is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0172] According to one embodiment, the engineered wood structural system of the present invention can be used to construct multi-story buildings having multiple stacked structural decks (e.g., between five and twenty decks), wherein each vertical structural element 10 is a separate vertical structural element connected to two, three, or four horizontal structural elements 120, 20, which converge at the structural nodes of the vertical structural elements 10 in each deck in the form of beams 20. In these buildings, the structural nodes are preferably rigid joints connecting the beams and vertical structural elements together. Similarly, the horizontal structural elements can be one or more panels 120 connected to the structural nodes of the vertical structural elements 10.

[0173] Alternatively, a building may include rigid elements that cover the entire height of the building, such as a rigid core (typically a staircase or elevator casing) or diagonal elements that connect some structural nodes of different floors together.

[0174] The proposed engineered timber structural system can also be used to construct multi-story buildings (such as balloon or platform frame buildings) having structural walls formed by a series of parallel aligned vertical structural elements supporting a continuous horizontal structural element in the form of beams or panels.

[0175] like Figure 1B As shown, the proposed engineered timber structural system also allows for a hybrid structure combining structural walls (formed by aligned vertical structural elements supporting a beam) and independent vertical structural elements, in which case the structural walls can serve as the rigid core of the independent vertical structural elements, in which case the rigidity of the structural nodes is optional.

[0176] exist Figure 1A In FIG, an example of a partially constructed building is shown, wherein all horizontal structural elements are horizontal beams 20 orthogonal to one another, defining a square matrix of beams 20 for each structural slab.

[0177] like Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, each beam 20 includes an upper horizontal plate 21 and a lower horizontal plate 22, which are parallel to each other. The upper and lower horizontal plates are spaced a certain distance apart and connected to each other by a second spacer 23. In this embodiment, the second spacer is two parallel central vertical plates, which are perpendicular to and adhered to the upper and lower horizontal plates 21 and 22, thereby providing an I-beam 20 with a double central vertical plate. This shape has an optimal relationship between load resistance, cost and weight.

[0178] In this embodiment, the upper horizontal plate 21 and the lower horizontal plate 22 (which primarily resist loads parallel to their main longitudinal directions) are formed of chip laminated lumber.

[0179] The two parallel central vertical panels each have two ends 23a. Each end 23a (formed in this example from durable engineered wood such as plywood) is adjacent to one vertical structural element 10 of the support beam 20, and the remaining portion of the two parallel central vertical panels between the two ends 23a is formed in this example from cheaper and more durable engineered wood (such as oriented strand board) because the load on this central portion is much less than the load in the ends 23a.

[0180] For example, Figure 4 and Figure 5A As shown, each vertical structural element 10 comprises a first support 11 for each horizontal structural element supported on the vertical structural element 10 , and the horizontal structural element comprises a second support configured to be supported on the first support 11 .

[0181] When the reduced load is transferred from the horizontal structural elements to the vertical structural elements 10, for example when the beam 20 is supported on a plurality of aligned vertical structural elements 10, e.g. Figure 11 As shown, the beam 20 may be supported on the first seat 11 of each vertical structural element 10 by means of a second seat defined in the lower horizontal plate 22 , compressing said lower horizontal plate 22 in the vertical direction, which is suboptimal but sufficient to resist this reduced load.

[0182] When the load transferred from the beam 20 to the vertical structural element 10 is large, for example, when a beam 3 to 8 meters long is supported on the vertical structural element 10 at only its two ends, the ends 23 a of the two central vertical plates of each beam 20 are vertically supported on the first supports 11, and the vertical load is transferred from the beam 20 to the vertical structural element 10 in a direction parallel to the main surfaces of the central vertical plates, which is optimal for load transfer.

[0183] Since this load transfer generates compressive and shear loads on the ends 23a of the central vertical panels, the ends 23a are preferably made of an engineered wood material (eg, plywood) that includes veneer fibers in different directions.

[0184] In the example shown in the figures, each first support 11 may comprise two vertical, parallel plates perpendicular to the central vertical plate to be supported, each plate comprising a central recess between two horizontal support areas. Each support area is intended to come into contact with one of the two central vertical plates of the beam 20 to be supported, and the central recess is intended to receive the end 22a of the lower horizontal plate 22 of the beam 20 supported on the first support 11, preventing contact between the end 22a and the first support 11. Alternatively, the first support 11 is an engineered wood block attached to a vertical support.

[0185] According to the embodiment shown in the figures, each vertical structural element 10 includes a plurality of vertical struts 12 continuous along the entire longitudinal direction of the building, the vertical struts 12 being spaced apart in the horizontal direction by vertical structural element spacers 14 placed between and adhered to the struts 12, thereby creating a hollow vertical structural element 10. The spacing between the struts 12 of the vertical structural element 10 allows the ends of all beams converging on the vertical structural element 10 (including the ends 23a of the corresponding central vertical plates) to be inserted into the spaces between the struts 12 of the vertical structural element 10, thereby ensuring vertical continuity of the struts 12 around the ends of the beams 20.

[0186] A first support 11 is also included between and adhered to the struts 12, which is interposed between and connected to the struts 12 within the hollow vertical structural element, thereby allowing loads to be transferred from the beam 20 to the vertical structural element 10 in an area near the geometric center of the vertical structural element 10, thereby reducing bending loads generated on the vertical structural element 10.

[0187] The load transferred from the beam 20 to the vertical structural element 10 through the first support 11 is concentrated on the pillar 12 , accumulated from a plurality of structural slabs, and conducted to the foundation supporting the vertical structural element 10 .

[0188] The plurality of beams 20 of the same structural layer that converge on the same vertical structural element 10 are connected to each other at least by upper connecting members 40 and lower connecting members 50. Figures 5B to 8B shown.

[0189] The upper connector 40 is a flat horizontal thin plate comprising as many horizontal connecting arms 41 as beams 20 of the same structural layer converge on the vertical structural element 10 , and the angular distribution of the horizontal connecting arms 41 is consistent with the angular distribution of the beams 20 converge on the vertical structural element 10 .

[0190] Each horizontal connecting arm 41 is adhered to the end 21a of the upper horizontal plate 21 of one beam 20 supported on the vertical structural element 10. The upper connector 40 transmits loads between the upper horizontal plates 21 of all beams 20 converging on the vertical structural element 10.

[0191] According to a preferred embodiment shown in the figures, the end portion 21a of each upper horizontal plate 21 and the horizontal connecting arm 41 adhered thereto include complementary recessed staggered steps that couple and adhere to each other, each step being a plane parallel to the upper major surface of the upper horizontal plate 21. The connection via the recessed staggered steps creates a distributed load transfer and also allows the upper connecting member 41 to be flush with the upper major surface of the upper horizontal plate 21 of the beam 20. The upper connecting member 40 is preferably formed of an engineered wood material (e.g., plywood) having facesheet fibers oriented in different directions.

[0192] The lower connector 50 includes a tapered block, such as an inverted truncated pyramid, and is tightly inserted in a descending direction between the ends 22a of the lower horizontal plates 22 of the beams 20 of the same structural slab layer that converge on the same vertical structural element 20. The lower connector 50 transfers load between the lower horizontal plates 22 of the converging beams 20 of the same structural slab layer.

[0193] Each lower horizontal plate 22 may include a reinforcement adhered to the end 22 a of the beam 20 between the two central vertical plates, increasing the thickness and load resistance of the end 22 a of the lower horizontal plate 22 in contact with the lower connecting member 50 .

[0194] like Figure 5B 、 Figure 6A and Figure 8A As shown, between the ends of the convergent beams 20, the lower connecting member 50 is a tapered block that is inserted into the center of the hollow vertical structural element 10 defined between the vertical struts 12 constituting the vertical structural element 10, and the lower connecting member 50 is compressed between the ends 22a of the lower horizontal plates 22 of the convergent beams 20 of the same structural plate layer.

[0195] Optionally, each beam 20 may also be connected to the vertical structural element 10 by at least one vertical connector 60 formed of vertical engineered wood veneers, such as 7A to 8B shown.

[0196] Each vertical connection piece 60 is adhered to a vertical strut surface 10 a of a vertical strut 12 of the vertical structural element 10 below and above the structural node.

[0197] The vertical connectors 60 transfer shear, bending and torsional loads from the beams 20 to the struts 12 of the vertical structural elements 10 and are preferably made of engineered wood (eg, plywood) including facesheet fibers in varying orientations.

[0198] Each strut 12 of the single continuous vertical structural element 10 is generally composed of a plurality of continuous vertical strut segments 13 rigidly connected to each other, the height of each vertical strut segment 13 being the same as the distance between the continuous structural slabs.

[0199] according to Figure 5B and Figure 5C In the embodiment shown, two consecutive vertical column segments 13 constituting the same column 12 include complementary recessed staggered steps at both ends thereof, which are coupled and adhered to each other, thereby providing vertical continuity and vertical transfer of loads.

[0200] according to Figures 7A to 8B In the alternative embodiment shown, two consecutive vertical strut segments 13 constituting the same strut 12 are connected to each other by a vertical connector 60 which is adhered to the vertical strut surface 10a of the vertical strut segment 13 placed below the beam 20 and the vertical strut surface 10a of the vertical strut segment 13 placed above the beam 20.

[0201] Preferably, each of the vertical strut segments 13 is connected to the vertical connector 60 by complementary recessed staggered steps parallel to the vertical strut surfaces 10a included in the vertical strut segments 13 and the vertical connector 60 to provide distributed load transfer. The complementary recessed staggered steps provide vertical continuity and vertical transfer of loads.

[0202] In some cases, it is preferred to connect together vertical strut sections 13 of different cross-sectional areas (typically lower vertical strut sections 13 having larger cross-sectional areas to carry larger cumulative loads) to create a vertical structural element 10 of increased cross-section and increased load resistance.

[0203] All embodiments described with respect to the connection between one or several beams 20 and a structural node of a vertical structural element 10 also apply to the connection between one or several plates 120 and a structural node of a vertical structural element 10, e.g. Figure 7A and Figure 7B shown.

[0204] In these examples, the plate 120 includes in its central region as many (in this example, four) square vertical through-holes as the vertical struts at which the vertical structural elements are supported, with branch portions defined between the through-holes. The branch portions are received in the hollow interiors of the vertical structural elements. It will be apparent that when several plates 120 are supported at the same structural node, the number of vertical through-holes on each plate 120 will only be a fraction of the total number of vertical struts of the supported vertical structural elements, and the through-holes will be adjacent to the edges or corners of the plate 120.

[0205] exist Figure 7A and Figure 7BIn the illustrated example, the second spacers 23 of the plate 120 are an array of cross ribs, and the second support includes a region where the second spacers are more densely distributed. In this example, the upper plate of the horizontal structural element further includes a reinforcement defined by a thickened portion of the upper plate, coinciding with the branching portions defined between the vertical through-holes, to improve the upper plate's resistance to horizontal loads in this region.

[0206] The frame defined between four orthogonal beams 20 of the same structural slab is covered by slab sections 30 supported on said beams 20 .

[0207] Each plate segment 30 includes an upper horizontal plate 33 and a lower horizontal plate 34 parallel to each other, and is connected to each other by first ribs 31 parallel to each other and second ribs 32 perpendicular to the first ribs 31, with the first ribs 31 and the second ribs 32 interposed between the upper horizontal plate 33 and the lower horizontal plate 34.

[0208] The upper horizontal plate 33 is larger than the footprint of the hollow space defined between the beams 20 supporting the plate segments 30. The upper horizontal plate 33 includes a peripheral area supported on and adhered to the upper horizontal plates 21 of the beams 20.

[0209] The upper horizontal plates 33 are connected to the upper horizontal plates 33 of the adjacent plate segments 30, for example, by means of complementary recessed staggered steps provided in the peripheral regions of the upper horizontal plates 33 of the two upper horizontal plates 33 of the adjacent plate segments 30 being connected to each other, or by means of upper thin plate connectors 36 adhered to the peripheral regions of the upper horizontal plates 33 of the two upper horizontal plates 33 of the adjacent plate segments 30 being connected to each other. In this case, the upper thin plate connectors 36 are elongated slats connecting the peripheral regions of the two upper horizontal plates 33 together, preferably inserted into recessed regions of the peripheral regions and flush with the upper horizontal plates 33, as shown in FIG1 .

[0210] The lower horizontal plate 34 has an area equal to or smaller than the footprint of the hollow space defined between the beams 20 supporting the plate sections 30. The lower horizontal plate 34 includes a peripheral region adhered to the surrounding beams 20, preferably to the central vertical plate surrounding the beams 20, by lower sheet connectors 35, which in this example are strips adhered to the peripheral region of the lower horizontal plate 34, for example, by complementary recessed staggered steps adhered to each other and to the central vertical plate.

[0211] In this embodiment, the at least one central vertical plate of the beam 20 is two parallel central vertical plates that include a compression structure therebetween to transfer loads from the lower thin plate connectors 35 of two different sheet segments adhered to opposite sides of the same beam 20. In this example, the compression structure is a transverse rib between the two parallel central vertical plates, perpendicular to the two central vertical plates, and parallel to and preferably coplanar with the lower horizontal plates 34 of two adjacent sheet segments 30.

[0212] The proposed plate segment 30 can be divided into three adjacent and coplanar plate segments 30a, 30b and 30c, each of which occupies approximately one-third of the total area of the plate segment 30, and each of the plate segments 30a, 30b and 30c includes a portion of the upper horizontal plate 33, a portion of the lower horizontal plate 34, multiple first ribs 31 and a portion of all second ribs 32, and the three plate segments 30a, 30b and 30c are connected to each other by plate joints.

[0213] For each single second rib 32 , each plate joint includes an upper thin plate joint, a lower thin plate joint, and a second rib joint.

[0214] In the connection area adjacent to the edge between two adjacent plate segments 30a, 30b, 30c connected to each other, the upper thin plate joint includes an upper thin plate joint connector 37, which is adhered to two adjacent parts of the upper horizontal plate 33, for example by complementary recessed staggered steps arranged in the connection area of the upper thin plate joint connector 37 and the adjacent upper horizontal plate, and the complementary recessed staggered steps are coupled and adhered to each other.

[0215] In the connection area adjacent to the edge between two adjacent sheet sections 30a, 30b, 30c connected to each other, the lower sheet joint includes complementary recessed staggered steps provided on two adjacent portions of the lower horizontal plate 34, which couple and adhere to each other.

[0216] Alternatively, the lower sheet joint comprises a lower sheet connecting piece adhered to two adjacent portions of the lower horizontal plate 34 in a connection area adjacent to an edge between two adjacent sheet segments 30a, 30b, 30c connected to each other.

[0217] In the connection area adjacent to the edge between two adjacent sheet segments 30a, 30b, 30c connected to each other, each second rib joint includes complementary recessed staggered steps provided on two adjacent portions of the second rib 32, which couple and adhere to each other.

[0218] Optionally, in the connection area adjacent the edge between two adjacent panel segments 30a, 30b, 30c connected to each other, each second rib joint includes a second rib connector 39, in this case a small flat piece of engineered wood adhered to two adjacent portions of the second rib 32, thereby providing structural continuity between the portions of the second rib 32 connected therethrough.

[0219] Typically, three panel segments 30a, 30b, and 30c are installed adjacent to each other, supported on surrounding beams 20 by the peripheral regions of upper horizontal panels 33, and the corresponding lower horizontal panel sections are connected to each other via lower thin-plate joints. Next, portions of the second ribs 32 of the different panel segments 30a, 30b, and 30c are connected to each other via second rib joints. Finally, the upper horizontal panel sections are connected to each other via upper thin-plate joint connectors 37 adhered thereto.

[0220] According to another embodiment, each plate segment 30 is a post-stress plate segment that includes a plurality of plate post-stress cables 73 parallel to the first rib 31, each plate post-stress cable 73 extending through the plate segment 30 under tension, having opposite ends adjacent to a peripheral region of the upper horizontal plate 33, and having a central region adjacent to the lower horizontal plate 34 of the plate segment 30, thereby increasing the overall structural load resistance of the plate segment 30.

[0221] Optionally, the plate segment further includes a plurality of plate post-stress cables 73 parallel to the second ribs 32 , thereby providing bidirectional post-tensioning of the plate segment 30 .

[0222] When a plurality of consecutive plate segments 30 are post-stressed plate segments, at least a portion of the plurality of plate post-stress cables 73 may be continuous along all of the consecutive plate segments 30. In this case, the plate post-stress cables 73 extend from one plate segment 30 to an adjacent one above the beam 20 between the adjacent plate segments 30.

[0223] Another attempt was to insert the plate post-stress cables 73 into plate cable sleeves, with each plate segment 30 including one plate cable sleeve for each plate post-stress cable 73 to re-traverse its path, and the plate cable sleeves of adjacent plate segments 30 being connected to each other by sleeve connectors, which are placed above the beams 20 between the adjacent plate segments 30. In this way, the plate cable sleeves can be installed in the plate segments before the plate segments 30 are installed in the structural system, and once in place, they are connected to each other by the sleeve connectors.

[0224] In a similar manner, each beam 20 may be a post-stress beam including at least one post-stress cable 70 between opposite ends thereof, the opposite ends of the at least one beam 20 maintaining the at least one post-stress cable 70 in an upper position adjacent to the upper horizontal plate 21, and a central region of the at least one beam 20 located between the opposite ends maintaining the at least one post-stress cable 70 in a lower position adjacent to the lower horizontal plate 22. Figure 3A and Figure 3B In the illustrated example, the post-stressing cable 70 is positioned between two parallel central vertical plates, and the beam 20 includes three cable retainers positioned between and perpendicular to the two parallel central vertical plates. One cable retainer is located in the center of the beam, retaining the post-stressing cable 70 at its lower end, while two cable retainers are located at opposite ends of the beam, retaining the post-stressing cable 70 at their respective upper ends, forming a V-shaped post-stressing cable 70.

[0225] Furthermore, the plurality of continuous beams 20 may include at least one continuous post-stress cable 70 passing along all of the continuous beams 20. Alternatively, the continuous post-stress cable 70 may be inserted into a cable sleeve pre-installed on each beam 20, with the cable sleeves of all the continuous beams 20 being connected to each other via sleeve connectors.

[0226] It is understood that various parts of one embodiment of the present invention may be freely combined with parts described in other embodiments, even if the combination is not explicitly described, as long as such combination is harmless.

[0227] It is understood that various parts of one embodiment of the present invention may be freely combined with parts described in other embodiments, even if the combination is not explicitly described, as long as the combination is within the scope of the claims and the combination is harmless.

[0228] The different sub-elements that make up the proposed engineered timber structural system can be manufactured individually in a factory, transported to the building site, and then assembled together and connected using adhesives to obtain the structure.

[0229] For example, the sub-elements constituting the proposed system may include horizontal structural elements, plate segments and vertical structural element segments corresponding to part of the vertical structural elements 10, each vertical structural element segment including at least one structural node, an upper connector and a lower connector.

Claims

1. An engineered wood structure system, comprising engineered wood components, wherein the engineered wood structure system comprises the following components: at least one vertical structural element having a plurality of structural nodes at different vertical positions corresponding to different slab layers; a plurality of horizontal structural members made of engineered wood, each of the horizontal structural members consisting of an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate facing each other, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate being vertically spaced apart from each other and rigidly connected to each other via a second spacer included between the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate; It is characterized by: Multiple horizontal structural elements of the same plate layer are laterally adjacent plate materials, which are connected to each other by adhering the peripheral area of the upper horizontal plate of one plate material to the peripheral area of the upper horizontal plate of another laterally adjacent plate material, and the adhesion between adjacent upper horizontal plates of adjacent plates is directly achieved by complementary staggered steps or by joint connections adhered to the peripheral areas of the connection to each other to transfer horizontal loads.

2. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 1, wherein: The vertical structural element comprises at least one first support at each structural node, and wherein the at least one horizontal structural element supported at each structural node comprises at least one second support supported and vertically superimposed on the at least one first support of the vertical structural element.

3. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 1, wherein: The plurality of horizontal structural elements of the same plate layer are laterally adjacent plates and are also connected to each other by attaching the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of one laterally adjacent plate to the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of another laterally adjacent plate to transfer horizontal loads.

4. An engineered timber structural system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The plate is a post-stressed plate comprising a plurality of plate post-stressed cables arranged parallel to each other or in two intersecting directions; or The panels are a plurality of aligned continuous post-stress panels comprising a plurality of continuous panel post-stress cables arranged parallel to each other or in two intersecting directions, at least some of the panel post-stress cables passing along all of the continuous panels.

5. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: The second spacer includes one or several central vertical plates, and / or several central vertical plates arranged in orthogonal directions, and / or hard foam rigidly connecting the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate, and / or several stacked horizontal plates, and / or several stacked horizontal plates with oriented fibers parallel to each other, and / or several stacked horizontal plates with oriented fibers distributed in the vertical direction in a continuous plate.

6. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 2, wherein: The second support is an area or reinforced area of the lower horizontal plate and / or a part or reinforced portion of the second spacer not covered by the lower horizontal plate and / or a part or reinforced portion of the upper plate extending in a cantilevered manner from the rest of the horizontal structural element, and wherein the second support is supported on the first support directly or via an intervening element or an engineered wood, metal or plastic intervening element.

7. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 2, wherein: In at least one structural node, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate connected to at least one horizontal structural element of the structural node are spaced apart from the vertical structural element by a gap distance, and the first support and the second support are configured to reduce or avoid the transmission of bending forces, defining a hinged joint between the horizontal structural element and the vertical structural element.

8. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 2, wherein: In at least one structural node, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate of at least one horizontal structural element connected to the structural node are respectively connected to opposite vertical sides of the vertical structural element in direct contact or by a hardened adhesive, transferring bending forces to the vertical structural element, defining a rigid joint between the horizontal structural element and the vertical structural element.

9. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: The horizontal structural elements of the same plate layer are separated by a gap distance, and the gap distance is covered by one or several plate segments supported on the horizontal structural elements around the gap distance, each plate segment includes an upper horizontal plate and a lower horizontal plate facing each other, the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate are spaced from each other in the vertical direction and rigidly connected to each other by a third spacer, and the third spacer is included between the upper horizontal plate and the lower horizontal plate of the plate segment.

10. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 9, wherein: The peripheral areas of the upper horizontal plates of the plate segments are directly attached to the upper horizontal plates of the surrounding horizontal structural elements and / or to the upper horizontal plates of adjacent plate segments by means of complementary staggered steps or by means of joint connections of the upper horizontal plates adhered in the connection areas adjacent to the edges between two adjacent plate segments connected to each other, in order to transfer horizontal traction loads.

11. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 10, wherein: The peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of the panel segment is directly attached to the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate of the surrounding horizontal structural elements and / or the lower horizontal plate of the adjacent panel segment by complementary staggered steps or by intervening connectors adhered to the peripheral area of the lower horizontal plate to transfer horizontal compressive loads.

12. The engineered wood structural system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: The engineered wood elements are connected to each other with a tolerance gap therebetween filled with a hardened adhesive, or with a tolerance gap therebetween of up to 25 mm filled with a hardened adhesive when no shear load is transferred through the hardened adhesive, or with a tolerance gap therebetween of up to 1 mm filled with a hardened adhesive when a shear load is transferred through the hardened adhesive.

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