Slip form method for multi-station group cylindrical structures

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-station group barrel-shaped structure sliding mode method which comprises the following steps: S1, determining the construction positions of a plurality of barrel-shaped structures, respectively installing a plurality of sub-sliding modes on the corresponding construction positions, and connecting a main operation platform with the plurality of sub-sliding modes; s4, the hydraulic control system is used for controlling the multiple hydraulic lifting systems, and the multiple sub-slip forms and the main operation platform are synchronously lifted at the preset lifting speed; relates to the field of tubular structure construction. The sub-slip forms are simultaneously mounted on a plurality of construction positions, and the main operation platform is connected with the plurality of sub-slip forms, so that parallel construction of a plurality of cylindrical structures is realized. Compared with a traditional one-by-one construction mode, the method has the advantages that the overall construction period is remarkably shortened, the method is particularly suitable for construction of large-scale cylindrical building groups, and the requirement of modern engineering projects for rapid delivery is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cylindrical structure construction, in particular to a slipform method for multi-station group cylindrical structures. Background Art

[0002] Slipform construction technology is an advanced process widely used in the construction of large concrete structures such as concrete cylindrical structures, chimneys, and high-rise buildings. It can achieve an efficient and continuous construction process through the continuous sliding of the formwork system and the pouring of concrete layer by layer. Traditional slipform construction methods are usually designed for a single structure, using a single slipform device, controlling the rising speed of the formwork through a hydraulic lifting system, and gradually forming the wall of the structure in combination with concrete pouring and vibration processes. However, with the expansion of the scale of modern engineering projects, especially in the fields of grain reserves and chemical raw material storage, multiple concrete cylindrical structures need to be built at the same time to meet storage needs. In the prior art, the construction of multiple cylindrical structures is usually carried out one by one, that is, after completing the slipform construction of a cylindrical structure, the equipment is moved to the next construction location and the construction process is repeated.

[0003] The deficiencies of the existing technology are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the one-by-one construction method leads to a long construction period, and the repeated mobilization of equipment and manpower increases costs, especially in the construction scenario of a group of multi-cylinder structures, which is inefficient. Secondly, the independent operation of multiple slipforms requires multiple control systems and operating platforms, which increases the complexity of the equipment and the difficulty of coordination, and easily leads to uneven construction quality due to asynchronous operation. In addition, the existing slipform construction method lacks a unified hydraulic control system when multiple stations are lifted simultaneously, making it difficult to ensure the consistency of the lifting speed and height of multiple slipforms, which can easily lead to problems such as formwork deviation or cracking of the concrete wall. In response to the demand for simultaneous construction of multi-cylinder structures, although there are some improvement schemes in the existing technology, such as parallel construction through multiple independent slipforms, the problem of coordinated control of the main operating platform and multiple sub-slipforms has not been solved, and the vibration and surface treatment processes during construction are difficult to maintain consistency among multiple stations.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sliding formwork method for multi-station group cylindrical structures that can achieve efficient construction of multiple cylindrical structures at the same time, ensure consistency of construction quality, reduce equipment complexity and construction costs, so as to meet the needs of modern large-scale engineering projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure is provided to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, a sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure is provided.

[0007] The sliding form method of the multi-station group cylindrical structure includes the following steps: S1: Determine the construction locations of multiple cylindrical structures, install multiple sub-slipforms at the corresponding construction locations, and connect the main operating platform to the multiple sub-slipforms; S2: Installing a hydraulic lifting system on each of the sub-slipforms, and installing a hydraulic control system on the main operating platform, wherein the hydraulic control system is capable of controlling multiple hydraulic lifting systems simultaneously; S3: pouring concrete in the formwork system of each sub-slipform, wherein the formwork system is composed of steel formwork, and vibrating and surface treating the concrete in the steel formwork, and forming a cylindrical structure wall after the concrete reaches a predetermined strength; S4: using the hydraulic control system to control the plurality of hydraulic lifting systems to synchronously lift the plurality of sub-sliding forms and the main operating platform at a preset lifting speed; S5: Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the plurality of cylindrical structures reach a predetermined height.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting speed is adjusted according to the setting time of the concrete.

[0009] Preferably, the supporting structure is arranged in the geometric center of the wall of the cylindrical structure, and one end of a plurality of cables is connected to the adjusting mechanism, and the other ends of the plurality of cables are connected to a plurality of open beams in the sub-slip formwork, so that the plurality of cables are kept evenly distributed in a circular shape. The height of the supporting structure is the same as the height of the cylindrical structure, and the hydraulic lifting system can control the adjusting mechanism to be lifted synchronously in the supporting structure when the sub-slip formwork is lifted.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, the vertical state of the open beam in the sub-sliding form is monitored by: S401a: Hang a plumb bob on the top of the open beam of each sub-slipform, and let the plumb bob hang down to the bottom reference point in the middle of the cylindrical structure through a pay-out device; S402a: Using a theodolite, measuring the projection position of the plumb bob and determining the verticality of the open beam by observing the horizontal offset between the plumb bob and the axis of the cylindrical structure; S403a: When it is detected that the verticality deviation of the open-shaped beam exceeds a predetermined threshold, the required tension adjustment value of the cable is calculated through the workstation of the main operating platform, and the adjustment mechanism installed on the supporting structure is used to adjust the tension of the cable connected to the corresponding open-shaped beam to correct the open-shaped beam to a vertical state.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a housing, a plurality of first tensioning mechanisms and a plurality of second tensioning mechanisms; Multiple first tensioning mechanisms are arranged inside the shell, and each first tensioning mechanism is connected to one end of multiple cables. The first tensioning mechanism is used to tighten the cables, and the cables pass through the second tensioning mechanism. The second tensioning mechanism is used to adjust the tensioning angle of the cables.

[0012] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. This invention provides a sliding formwork method for multi-station clustered tubular structures. By simultaneously installing sub-slipforms at multiple construction locations and connecting them to a main operating platform, this method enables the parallel construction of multiple tubular structures. Compared to traditional, piece-by-piece construction methods, this method significantly shortens the overall construction period and is particularly suitable for the construction of large-scale clusters of tubular structures, meeting the demand for rapid delivery in modern engineering projects.

[0013] It should be understood that the contents described in the summary of the invention are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The above and other features, advantages and aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, wherein: Figure 1 A site layout diagram showing a slipform method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional connection structure of an adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 An exploded view of an adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the connection structure of the second tensioning mechanism of the adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the connection structure of the first tensioning mechanism of the adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of a second tensioning mechanism of an adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 A partially enlarged view of a first tensioning mechanism of an adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the connection structure of the auxiliary mechanism of the adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the connection structure of the protection mechanism of the adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the first tensioning mechanism and the second tensioning mechanism of the adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0015] The reference numerals are as follows: 1 - housing, 2 - first motor, 3 - auxiliary mechanism, 301 - connecting member, 302 - annular plate, 303 - protrusion, 304 - roller, 305 - sliding sleeve, 306 - first plate, 4 - protection mechanism, 401 - first protrusion, 402 - second protrusion, 403 - limiting rod, 404 - spring, 5 - connecting mechanism, 501 - second motor, 502 - fourth gear, 503 - second plate, 6 - first tensioning mechanism, 601 - third gear, 602 - first shaft, 603 - first gear, 604 - block, 605 - screw, 606 - sleeve, 607 - second gear, 7 - second tensioning mechanism, 701 - second shaft, 702 - worm, 703 - worm gear, 704 - support, 705 - connecting rod, 706 - side plate, 707 - guide roller, 8 - frame, 9 - pad, 10 - Positioning hole, 11 - Cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In this document, the term "and / or" simply describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-station sliding formwork method for constructing multiple concrete cylindrical structures simultaneously. This method utilizes synchronized operation of multiple sub-sliding forms and a unified main operating platform to achieve an efficient and coordinated construction process. The following describes the construction method in detail, combining specific implementation steps.

[0019] Step 1: Determine the construction location and install the slipform system: Determine the center position and spacing of multiple concrete cylindrical structures based on the design drawings and site conditions. Ensure that the construction area of each cylindrical structure meets the geological bearing capacity requirements and reserve sufficient space for equipment installation and material transportation. Install a sub-slipform system at the construction location of each cylindrical structure. Each sub-slipform system includes a formwork system, a support frame, and a guide device. The formwork system uses high-strength steel formwork, and the inner surface of the steel formwork is polished to ensure a smooth concrete surface. Set up a main operating platform between multiple sub-slipforms. The main operating platform uses a steel structure frame and is fixedly connected to the support frame of each sub-slipform through high-strength connectors (such as bolts or welding). Set up an operating area on the main operating platform for installing control equipment and storing construction materials.

[0020] Step 2: Install the hydraulic lifting system and control system: A hydraulic lifting system is installed on the support frame of each sub-slipform. The hydraulic lifting system includes hydraulic jacks, lifting rods, and guide rails. The hydraulic jacks are fixed to the support frame and connected to the formwork system via lifting rods to ensure the stability of the formwork system during the lifting process. The hydraulic control system is installed on the main operating platform. This system includes a central controller, a hydraulic pump station, and a multi-way valve block. It can be connected to the hydraulic lifting system of each sub-slipform via signal transmission lines or wireless communication modules. The hydraulic control system has a synchronous control function, which can simultaneously adjust the lifting speed and stroke of multiple hydraulic jacks.

[0021] Step 3: Concrete pouring and initial curing: Concrete is poured within the formwork system of each sub-slipform. Before pouring, the steel formwork is checked for verticality and sealing to ensure there are no leaks. Concrete is poured continuously, with a concrete pump delivering it evenly into the formwork system. During the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated with an insert vibrator to eliminate air bubbles and increase density. The vibration time and frequency are controlled to avoid excessive vibration that can cause concrete segregation. After pouring, the concrete surface is smoothed to ensure the appearance quality of the cylindrical structure wall. After the concrete has initially set, it is cured using wet sacks or spray curing to keep the concrete surface moist and prevent cracking. The curing time is determined by the ambient temperature and the concrete mix ratio and is generally 24 to 48 hours.

[0022] Step 4: Synchronous lifting of the sub-sliding form and the main operating platform: Before lifting, the concrete strength is tested using a rebound hammer or sample blocks to ensure it reaches the desired strength (typically above 70% of the design strength). The hydraulic control system activates multiple hydraulic lifting systems, simultaneously raising each sub-slipform and the main operating platform at a preset lifting speed (e.g., 0.2 to 0.5 m / h). During the lifting process, the hydraulic control system monitors the displacement and pressure of each hydraulic jack in real time and automatically adjusts to maintain synchronization. The verticality of the sub-slipforms and the horizontality of the main operating platform are regularly checked during the lifting process. If any deviation is detected, the lifting process is paused and the guide device or hydraulic jack output is adjusted.

[0023] Step 5: Repeat the construction until the desired height: Repeat steps three and four—concrete pouring, curing, strength testing, and simultaneous lifting—until each cylindrical structure reaches its designed height. When the cylindrical structure reaches the top, the slipform lifting is stopped, and the final section of concrete pouring and curing is completed. The top of the cylindrical structure is trimmed, and the sub-slipform system and main operating platform are removed. The hydraulic lifting system and control system are disassembled, the construction site is cleaned, and the equipment is moved to the next construction site or stored.

[0024] In actual use, through the above steps, the sliding formwork method for multi-station cylindrical structures of the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: simultaneous construction of multiple cylindrical structures, significantly shortening the construction period. The main operating platform and hydraulic control system ensure the synchronous lifting of each sub-sliding formwork, reducing construction deviations.

[0025] In this embodiment, the lifting speed is adjusted according to the setting time of the concrete, and the lifting speed is calculated by the formula V=(Hha) / T; wherein V is the template sliding speed, in meters per hour; H is the template height, which refers to the vertical effective forming height of the steel template; h is the thickness of the concrete protective layer, which refers to the thickness of the exposed part of the concrete surface in the steel template; a is the distance between the top of the concrete and the upper edge of the steel template, which refers to the vertical gap between the poured concrete and the upper mouth of the template; T is the time required for the concrete to reach the demolding strength, in hours. The formwork sliding speed, measured in meters per hour, indicates the vertical lifting speed of the sub-sliding formwork and the main operating platform per unit time; the formwork height refers to the vertical effective forming height of the steel formwork, measured in meters, and is usually determined by the design drawings, such as 1.2 meters to 2.0 meters; the thickness of the concrete cover refers to the thickness of the exposed part of the concrete surface inside the steel formwork, measured in meters, and is usually 0.05 meters to 0.1 meters, which is used to protect the steel bars from the external environment; the distance between the top of the concrete and the upper edge of the steel formwork refers to the vertical gap between the poured concrete and the upper mouth of the formwork, measured in meters, and is usually 0.1 meters to 0.2 meters, to ensure the safety and continuity of the pouring operation; the time required for the concrete to reach the demolding strength, measured in hours, is determined according to the concrete mix ratio, ambient temperature and humidity, and is usually 6 hours to 12 hours.

[0026] In actual use, before construction, the steel formwork height H, cover thickness h, and vertical gap a are determined based on the cylindrical structure design requirements and concrete mix ratio. These parameters are verified through on-site measurements and design drawings to ensure accuracy. The concrete demolding strength time T is determined through laboratory block testing or on-site rebound hammer testing. Testing takes environmental factors (such as a temperature of 20°C to 30°C and a relative humidity of 60% to 80%) into account and is adjusted based on real-time monitoring data. An upper limit (e.g., 0.5 m / h) is set for the lifting speed (V) to prevent excessive lifting from causing concrete cracking or formwork system instability. During the lifting process, the verticality of the sub-slipform and the horizontality of the main operating platform are regularly checked. If deviations exceed the allowable range (e.g., verticality deviation of ±5 mm), the lifting is suspended and corrected.

[0027] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the stability and verticality of the sub-sliding form during the lifting process, the present invention designs a support structure and a cable adjustment system. The specific implementation is as follows: Support structure setting: A support structure is set at the geometric center of each cylindrical structure wall. The support structure is made of high-strength steel and is cylindrical or frame-type. Its bottom end is fixed to the embedded parts of the cylindrical structure foundation, and the top height is consistent with the design height of the cylindrical structure (for example, 20 meters to 50 meters) to provide stable support throughout the entire process. The diameter of the support structure is determined according to the inner diameter of the cylindrical structure, usually 10% to 20% of the inner diameter of the cylindrical structure (for example, when the inner diameter of the cylindrical structure is 10 meters, the diameter of the support structure is 1 meter to 2 meters) to ensure that it does not interfere with concrete pouring and formwork operations. A guide rail or slide is set on the outer surface of the support structure to guide the vertical movement of the adjustment mechanism during the lifting process.

[0028] Cable connection and distribution: Multiple cables 11 are made of high-strength steel wire ropes, and the tensile strength of each cable meets the construction load requirements (for example, the load-bearing capacity of a single cable is not less than 50 kilonewtons). One end of each cable is fixed to the adjustment mechanism through a high-strength connector (such as a U-shaped buckle or a clamp), and the other end is connected to the open beam in the formwork system of the sub-slipform. The open beam is a steel transverse member that is evenly distributed on the top of the formwork system of the sub-slipform, and the number is usually 8 to 12 to ensure balanced force. The cables are evenly distributed in a ring shape, and the center of the ring distribution coincides with the geometric center of the wall of the cylindrical structure. The angles between adjacent cables are equal (for example, when there are 12 cables, the angle is 30 degrees) to ensure that the sub-slipform is evenly stressed during the lifting process to avoid deflection.

[0029] Adjustment Mechanism Design and Installation: The adjustment mechanism is located within the support structure and utilizes a steel frame. It is connected to the support structure's guide rails via pulleys or rollers, ensuring vertical movement along the support structure during lifting. The bottom of the adjustment mechanism is connected to a hydraulic lifting system, which includes a dedicated hydraulic jack to drive the adjustment mechanism for synchronous lifting.

[0030] Synchronous Lifting and Adjustment: During the lifting of the sub-slide, the hydraulic control system simultaneously drives the hydraulic lifting system of the sub-slide and the hydraulic jack of the adjustment mechanism, causing the adjustment mechanism and the sub-slide to lift synchronously at the same speed (e.g., 0.2 to 0.5 m / h). During the lifting process, the adjustment mechanism uses a tensioning device to monitor and adjust the tension of each cable in real time. Tension sensors are installed at the cable connection points and transmit monitoring data to the central controller of the hydraulic control system. If the tension deviation of a cable exceeds a set threshold (e.g., ±5%), the tensioning device automatically adjusts the cable length to maintain balanced tension. The verticality of the sub-slide is regularly checked (e.g., every 1 meter of lifting) using a laser rangefinder or theodolite. If the verticality deviation exceeds ±5 mm, the lifting is suspended and the cable tension is fine-tuned using the adjustment mechanism to correct the deviation.

[0031] Through the above-described embodiments, the support structure and cable adjustment system of the present invention effectively ensures the stability of the sub-slipforms during multi-station slipform construction. The support structure provides reliable geometric center positioning, while the evenly distributed cables ensure balanced force distribution across the sub-slipforms. The synchronized lifting and tension adjustment features of the adjustment mechanism further enhance construction precision and safety. This system is applicable to concrete cylindrical structures of varying diameters and heights, demonstrating strong versatility and industrial applicability.

[0032] In this embodiment, the present invention monitors and corrects the vertical state of the splayed beam in the sub-sliding form in real time by the following method. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Setting up the plumb bob monitoring device: A pay-off device is installed at the top center of the open beam of each sub-slipform. The pay-off device uses a high-precision reel with a built-in wire rope. A plumb bob is connected to the end of the wire rope with a mass of 0.5 kg to 1 kg to ensure that it can hang stably under wind interference. The plumb bob is suspended vertically through the pay-off device, and its lower end hangs down to the reference point at the bottom of the cylindrical structure. The reference point is located at the geometric center of the foundation of the cylindrical structure and is fixed by embedded steel plates or marking points. The positioning accuracy is controlled within plus or minus 2 mm to ensure consistency with the axis of the cylindrical structure. The pay-off device is equipped with a tension adjustment function to keep the tension of the wire rope constant between 5 Newtons and 10 Newtons to avoid the deviation of the plumb bob due to relaxation or vibration.

[0033] Verticality Measurement: A high-precision theodolite (with an accuracy of at least 1 arc second) is used to measure the projected position of a plumb bob. The theodolite is placed at a fixed observation point outside the cylindrical structure, at a known distance from the cylindrical axis (e.g., 10 to 20 meters) and secured by a tripod to eliminate vibration. The horizontal offset between the plumb bob's lower end and a reference point at the bottom of the cylindrical structure is measured using the theodolite to calculate the verticality deviation of the truss beam. The offset is defined as the horizontal distance between the plumb bob's projected point and the reference point, measured in millimeters. The verticality deviation is calculated by dividing the offset by the plumb bob's hanging height. Specifically, the offset (in meters) is divided by the vertical distance from the top of the truss beam to the reference point (in meters), and then the inverse tangent is taken to obtain the deviation angle (in degrees). The predetermined threshold for verticality deviation is set at ±5 mm (corresponding to an angle of approximately 0.01 degrees, depending on the height of the cylindrical structure). If the offset exceeds this threshold, a correction procedure is triggered.

[0034] Tension adjustment calculation: Verticality deviation data is transmitted in real time to the workstation on the main operating platform via a wireless transmission module or signal line. The workstation has a built-in calculation module that calculates the tension value of the cable 11 that needs to be adjusted based on the direction and magnitude of the deviation. The tension adjustment value is calculated based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium, taking into account the stress state of the truss beam and the geometric distribution of the cable. The calculation method is as follows: the tension adjustment value is equal to the tension adjustment coefficient multiplied by the projected component of the verticality deviation in the direction of the cable, and then multiplied by the cosine value of the angle between the cable and the deviation direction. Among them, the tension adjustment coefficient is determined by the cable material and the mass of the truss beam, with a typical value of 1000 Newtons per meter; the projected component unit is meter; and the angle unit is degree. The calculation results are displayed on the workstation interface for the operator to confirm, or directly transmitted to the adjustment mechanism for automatic adjustment.

[0035] Cable tension correction: The adjustment mechanism is installed inside the support structure and is equipped with multiple hydraulic cable tensioners, one for each cable. The tensioner receives the tension adjustment value transmitted by the workstation and precisely adjusts the cable length through hydraulic drive, with a control accuracy of plus or minus 1 mm. During the correction process, the adjustment mechanism prioritizes adjusting the cable tension corresponding to the direction of deviation. For example, if the yoke is tilted in a certain direction, the tension of the cable on the opposite side is increased, and the tension of the cable on the same side is reduced until the plumb bob projection is aligned with the reference point. After the correction is completed, the verticality is measured again using the theodolite to confirm that the deviation has dropped below the threshold. If the requirements are still not met, the calculation and adjustment steps are repeated until the yoke is restored to a vertical state.

[0036] Frequency and Safety Assurance of Monitoring and Correction: Verticality monitoring is conducted every 0.5 to 1 meter of lift or every four hours, with the specific frequency adjusted based on construction speed and environmental conditions (such as wind speed). In the event of strong winds (over 10 meters per second) or abnormal vibration, lifting is suspended and monitoring frequency is increased. The payout device and plumb bob are regularly inspected to ensure that the wire rope is free of wear and the plumb bob is free of deflection. Theodolite calibration is performed weekly, with an accuracy error controlled within ±1 mm. If the verticality deviation exceeds the safety limit (e.g., ±10 mm), the system automatically suspends hydraulic lifting and issues an alarm through the main operating platform, prompting the operator to perform manual inspection and correction.

[0037] Through the above-described embodiments, the present invention's method for monitoring and correcting the verticality of a truss beam enables high-precision, real-time monitoring and rapid adjustment. The combined plumb bob and theodolite measurement method is simple and reliable. The automatic adjustment function of the workstation's tension calculation and adjustment mechanism improves correction efficiency, ensuring verticality and construction quality of the sub-slipforms during multi-station slipform construction. This method is simple to operate, applicable to the construction of concrete cylindrical structures of varying scales, and possesses high industrial applicability.

[0038] In this embodiment, during the multi-station slipform construction process, in order to ensure the stability of the sub-slipform and maintain the construction accuracy of the cylindrical structure wall, the present invention uses the following method to monitor and correct the vertical state of the split beam in the sub-slipform in real time. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Installation of vertical rulers: A set of vertical rulers is fixed on the outside of the splayed beam of each sub-slip formwork. The vertical rulers are made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and the length covers the full height of the splayed beam (for example, 1.5 meters to 2 meters). The surface of the ruler is engraved with millimeter-level scales with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 mm. The vertical rulers are evenly distributed along the height of the splayed beam, with one ruler set every 0.3 meters to 0.5 meters, and the number is 4 to 6, depending on the height of the splayed beam. The rulers are fixed to the outside of the splayed beam by high-strength bolts or welding to ensure that there is no looseness. The vertical rulers are aligned with the preset reference line on the inside of the cylindrical structure wall. The reference line is marked on the inside of the cylindrical structure wall by a laser line projector, located on the geometric axis plane of the cylindrical structure wall, and the accuracy is controlled within plus or minus 2 mm to ensure consistency with the design axis.

[0039] Verticality Measurement: From the main operating platform, a high-precision optical rangefinder (with an accuracy of at least ±1 mm and a range covering the inner diameter of the cylindrical structure, e.g., 5 to 20 meters) is used to measure the horizontal distance between the vertical scale and the reference line. The optical rangefinder is mounted on a workstation bracket on the main operating platform, and a pan / tilt table is used to align each vertical scale point one by one. The horizontal offset between the vertical scale and the reference line is measured in millimeters for each open beam at different heights (e.g., every 0.5 meters). This offset is directly captured from the optical rangefinder and recorded in the workstation's data acquisition system.

[0040] Verticality deviation is calculated as the ratio of the offset to the scale height. Specifically, the offset (in meters) is divided by the vertical distance (in meters) between the scale height and the bottom of the cylindrical structure. The inverse tangent is then taken to obtain the deviation angle (in degrees). A predetermined threshold is set at plus or minus 5 mm (corresponding to an angle of approximately 0.01 degrees, depending on the height of the cylindrical structure). If the offset of any scale exceeds this threshold, a correction procedure is triggered.

[0041] Tension adjustment calculation: The offset data is transmitted in real time to the workstation on the main operating platform via a wireless transmission module or signal line. The workstation has a built-in calculation module that calculates the tension value of the cable 11 that needs to be adjusted based on the offset direction and size. The tension adjustment value is calculated based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium, taking into account the stress state of the truss beam and the geometric distribution of the cable. The calculation method is as follows: the tension adjustment value is equal to the tension adjustment coefficient multiplied by the projected component of the vertical deviation in the direction of the cable, and then multiplied by the cosine value of the angle between the cable and the deviation direction. Among them, the tension adjustment coefficient is determined by the cable material and the mass of the truss beam, with a typical value of 1000 Newtons per meter; the projected component unit is meter; and the angle unit is degree. The calculation results are displayed on the workstation interface for the operator to confirm, or directly transmitted to the adjustment mechanism for automatic adjustment.

[0042] Cable tension correction: The adjustment mechanism is installed inside the support structure and is equipped with multiple hydraulic cable tensioners, one for each cable. The tensioner receives the tension adjustment value transmitted by the workstation and precisely adjusts the cable length through hydraulic drive, with a control accuracy of plus or minus 1 mm. During the correction process, the adjustment mechanism prioritizes adjusting the cable tension corresponding to the offset direction. For example, if the yoke is tilted in a certain direction, the tension of the cable on the opposite side of that direction is increased, and the tension of the cable on the same side is reduced until the offset of each vertical scale and the reference line returns to within the threshold. After the correction is completed, the optical rangefinder is used to measure the offset of each vertical scale again to confirm that the deviation has dropped to less than plus or minus 5 mm. If the requirements are still not met, repeat the calculation and adjustment steps until the yoke is restored to a vertical state.

[0043] Frequency of monitoring and correction and safety assurance: Verticality monitoring should be conducted every 0.5 to 1 meter of lift, or every four hours. The specific frequency should be adjusted based on the construction speed and environmental conditions (such as wind speed or vibration). In the event of strong winds (over 10 meters per second) or abnormal vibration, the lift should be suspended and the monitoring frequency increased.

[0044] Through the above-described embodiments, the present invention's method for monitoring and correcting the vertical state of a truss beam enables high-precision, real-time monitoring and rapid adjustment. The measurement method, combining a vertical scale with an optical rangefinder, is simple to operate and highly accurate. The automatic adjustment function of the workstation's tension calculation and adjustment mechanism improves correction efficiency, ensuring verticality and construction quality of the sub-slipforms during multi-station slipform construction. This method is applicable to the construction of concrete cylindrical structures of varying scales and possesses high industrial applicability and reliability.

[0045] During the multi-station slipform construction process, in order to ensure the stability of the sub-slipform and maintain the construction accuracy of the cylindrical structure wall, the present invention uses the following method to monitor and correct the vertical state of the truss beam in the sub-slipform in real time. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Installation of the horizontal marker: A horizontal marker is fixed at the center of the top of the truss beam of each sub-slipform. The horizontal marker is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel, with a length of 0.5 to 1 meter and a diameter of 20 to 30 mm. The surface is coated with high-contrast markings (such as red and white scales) to facilitate optical observation. The geometric center of the horizontal marker is aligned with the geometric center of the truss beam using a high-precision positioning device, and the installation error is controlled within plus or minus 1 mm. The marker is fixed to the top of the truss beam with bolts or clips to ensure that there is no loosening or deviation during the lifting process. Reflective marking points are set at both ends of the horizontal marker to enhance visibility in different lighting conditions, making it suitable for day and night construction environments.

[0046] Verticality Measurement: From the main operating platform, a total station is used to observe the tilt angle of the horizontal pole relative to a preset reference line at the top of the support structure. This preset reference line is located in a horizontal plane at the top of the support structure and is marked with a laser line projector with an accuracy of ±2 mm, ensuring it is perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical structure. An optical observation device is fixed to a stable bracket on the main operating platform. A pan-tilt head is used to align the two end marks of the horizontal pole and measure the pole's tilt angle relative to the reference line in degrees. The tilt angle is calculated by dividing the height difference (in meters) between the two end marks and the reference line by the pole length (in meters) and taking the inverse tangent of the value to obtain the tilt angle. The predetermined threshold for verticality deviation is ±0.01 degrees (corresponding to an endpoint offset of approximately ±0.17 mm for a 1-meter pole length). If the tilt angle exceeds this threshold, a correction procedure is triggered.

[0047] Tension adjustment calculation: The tilt angle data is transmitted in real time to the workstation on the main operating platform via a wireless transmission module or signal line. The workstation has a built-in calculation module that calculates the tension value of the cable 11 that needs to be adjusted based on the tilt direction and angle. The tension adjustment value is calculated based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium, taking into account the stress state of the splayed beam and the geometric distribution of the cable. The calculation method is as follows: the tension adjustment value is equal to the tension adjustment coefficient multiplied by the projection component of the tilt angle in the direction of the cable, and then multiplied by the cosine value of the angle between the cable and the tilt direction. Among them, the tension adjustment coefficient is determined by the cable material and the mass of the splayed beam, with a typical value of 1000 Newtons per degree; the projection component unit is degree; the angle unit is degree. The calculation result is displayed on the workstation interface for the operator to confirm, or directly transmitted to the adjustment mechanism for automatic adjustment.

[0048] Cable tension correction: The adjustment mechanism is installed inside the supporting structure and is equipped with multiple hydraulic cable tensioners, with one tensioner corresponding to each cable. The tensioner receives the tension adjustment value transmitted by the workstation and accurately adjusts the cable length through hydraulic drive, with a control accuracy of plus or minus 1 mm. During the correction process, the adjustment mechanism gives priority to adjusting the cable tension corresponding to the tilt direction. For example, if the horizontal benchmark is tilted in a certain direction, indicating that the splayed beam deviates from the vertical state, the tension of the cable on the opposite side of the direction is increased, and the tension of the cable on the same side is reduced until the benchmark returns to a horizontal state. After the correction is completed, the optical observation equipment is used again to measure the tilt angle of the horizontal benchmark to confirm that the deviation is reduced to less than plus or minus 0.01 degrees. If the requirements are still not met, repeat the calculation and adjustment steps until the splayed beam returns to a vertical state.

[0049] Frequency and safety assurance of monitoring and correction: Verticality monitoring is performed every 0.5 to 1 meter of lifting or every 4 hours, with the specific frequency adjusted according to construction speed and environmental conditions (such as wind speed or vibration). In the event of strong winds (wind speed exceeding 10 meters per second) or abnormal vibration, lifting is suspended and the monitoring frequency is increased. Horizontal poles and optical observation equipment are regularly inspected to ensure that the poles are firmly fixed and the marking points are clear. Observation equipment is calibrated weekly, with the angular error controlled within plus or minus 1 arc second. If the tilt angle exceeds the safety limit (for example, plus or minus 0.02 degrees), the system automatically suspends hydraulic lifting and issues an alarm through the main operating platform, prompting the operator to perform manual inspection and correction.

[0050] Through the above-described embodiments, the present invention's method for monitoring and correcting the verticality of a truss beam enables high-precision, real-time monitoring and rapid adjustment. The measurement method, combining a horizontal bar with optical observation equipment, is highly accurate and easy to operate. The automatic adjustment function of the workstation's tension calculation and adjustment mechanism improves correction efficiency, ensuring verticality and construction quality of the sub-slipforms during multi-station slipform construction. This method is applicable to the construction of concrete cylindrical structures of varying scales and possesses high industrial applicability and reliability.

[0051] During the multi-station slipform construction process, in order to ensure the stability of the sub-slipform and maintain the construction accuracy of the cylindrical structure wall, the present invention uses the following method to monitor and correct the vertical state of the truss beam in the sub-slipform in real time. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Setting Visual Reference Points: A set of symmetrical visual reference points is set at the junction of the truss beam and the steel formwork of each sub-slipform. Each set contains 4 to 6 reference points, evenly distributed around the truss beam. The reference points are marked with high-contrast reflective markers (such as red or yellow fluorescent paint, 20 mm to 30 mm in diameter) to enhance visibility and adapt to varying lighting conditions. The reference points are pre-calibrated to the geometric axis of the cylindrical structure using a laser locator, with a calibration error controlled to within ±1 mm. This calibration process is performed after the sub-slipform is installed to ensure that the reference points are aligned with the axis of the cylindrical structure in the same vertical plane. A fixed scale line on the inside of the cylindrical structure wall serves as the measurement reference. The scale line is made of a wear-resistant metal strip (10 mm to 20 mm wide) bolted to the inside of the steel formwork. The scale line is located every 0.5 meters along the height of the cylindrical structure, with a scale accuracy of ±0.5 mm.

[0052] Verticality Measurement: Construction personnel, operating from the main operating platform, use a high-precision goniometer (with an angular measurement accuracy of at least 1 arc second and a range of 0 to 360 degrees) to measure the angular deviation of visual reference points relative to fixed scale lines on the inner wall of the cylindrical structure. The goniometer is mounted on a stable bracket on the main operating platform and uses a rotating lens to align with each visual reference point. The measurement process involves observing the relative position of each reference point and its corresponding scale line, and recording the inclination angle of the line connecting the reference points relative to the scale line in degrees. The angular deviation is calculated by dividing the horizontal offset between the reference point and the scale line by the measured height. Specifically, the inverse tangent of the offset (in meters) is divided by the vertical distance (in meters) from the reference point to the scale line to obtain the angular deviation. The predetermined threshold for verticality deviation is set at ±0.01 degrees (corresponding to an offset of approximately ±0.17 mm at a height of 1 meter). If the angular deviation of any reference point exceeds this threshold, a correction procedure is triggered.

[0053] Tension adjustment calculation: Angular deviation data is transmitted in real time to the workstation on the main operating platform via a wireless transmission module or signal line. The workstation has a built-in calculation module that calculates the tension value of the cable 11 that needs to be adjusted based on the deviation direction and angle. The tension adjustment value is calculated based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium, taking into account the stress state of the yoke and the geometric distribution of the cable. The calculation method is as follows: the tension adjustment value is equal to the tension adjustment coefficient multiplied by the projected component of the angular deviation in the direction of the cable, and then multiplied by the cosine value of the angle between the cable and the deviation direction. Among them, the tension adjustment coefficient is determined by the cable material and the mass of the yoke, with a typical value of 1000 Newtons per degree; the projected component unit is degree; the angle unit is degree.

[0054] Cable tension correction: The adjustment mechanism is installed inside the support structure and is equipped with multiple hydraulic cable tensioners, one for each cable. The tensioner receives the tension adjustment value transmitted by the workstation and precisely adjusts the cable length through hydraulic drive, with a control accuracy of plus or minus 1 mm. During the correction process, the adjustment mechanism prioritizes adjusting the cable tension corresponding to the direction of deviation. For example, if the reference point shows that the yoke is tilted in a certain direction, the tension of the cable on the opposite side of the direction is increased, and the tension of the cable on the same side is reduced until the angular deviation between the reference point and the scale line returns to within the threshold. After the correction is completed, the goniometer is used to measure the angular deviation of each visual reference point again to confirm that the deviation has dropped to less than plus or minus 0.01 degrees. If the requirements are still not met, the calculation and adjustment steps are repeated until the yoke returns to a vertical state.

[0055] Through the above-described embodiments, the present invention's method for monitoring and correcting the verticality of a truss beam enables high-precision, real-time monitoring and rapid adjustment. The combined measurement method of visual reference points and a goniometer provides high accuracy and ease of operation. The automatic adjustment function of the workstation's tension calculation and adjustment mechanism improves correction efficiency, ensuring verticality and construction quality of the sub-slipforms during multi-station slipform construction. This method is applicable to the construction of concrete cylindrical structures of varying scales and possesses high industrial applicability and reliability.

[0056] In this embodiment, the housing 1 serves as the main frame of the adjustment mechanism. A housing 1 includes a housing cavity for mounting multiple first tensioning mechanisms 6 and second tensioning mechanisms 7. The housing 1 includes multiple through-holes for cables 11 to pass through and connect to external mechanisms. Multiple first tensioning mechanisms 6 are disposed within the housing cavity of the housing 1, each of which is fixedly connected to one end of a cable 11. The first tensioning mechanisms 6 are used to apply tension to tighten the cables 11, thereby adjusting the tension of the cables 11. Multiple second tensioning mechanisms 7 are also disposed within the housing cavity of the housing 1, located between the first tensioning mechanisms 6 and the through-holes of the housing 1. Each second tensioning mechanism 7 cooperates with a cable 11 to adjust the tension angle of the cable 11 to accommodate different motion trajectories or force transmission directions. One end of each cable 11 is connected to the corresponding first tensioning mechanism 6, and the other end passes through the corresponding second tensioning mechanism 7 and the through-holes of the housing 1 to connect to an external actuator or load.

[0057] In actual use, the first tensioning mechanism 6 and the second tensioning mechanism 7 work together through a control system to ensure that the tensioning force and tensioning angle of the cable 11 meet the design requirements. For example, when the external load changes, the first tensioning mechanism 6 can quickly adjust the tensioning force, and the second tensioning mechanism 7 can simultaneously adjust the tensioning angle to maintain system stability and motion accuracy.

[0058] In this embodiment, the backing plate 9 is a flat plate with a plurality of positioning holes 10 machined therein. The positioning holes 10 are preferably circular or rectangular through-holes and are regularly arranged along the surface of the backing plate 9 to position and guide the movement of the first tensioning mechanism 6. A frame 8 is disposed above each positioning hole 10. The frame 8 is a supporting structure and is fixedly connected to the backing plate 9 by bolts or welding to support the first tensioning mechanism 6.

[0059] Multiple first tensioning mechanisms 6 are disposed within the housing 1. Each first tensioning mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to one end of a cable 11 and is used to apply tension to adjust the tension of the cable 11. Each first tensioning mechanism 6 includes the following components: a first shaft 602 is a rotating shaft, one end of which is fixedly connected to a screw 605. The first shaft 602 is rotatably connected to the frame 8 via a bearing or a sleeve to achieve smooth rotation. The screw 605 is coaxially connected to the first shaft 602 and has an external thread on its surface for transmitting rotational motion. The sleeve 606 is a hollow structure with an internal thread on its inner wall that matches the external thread of the screw 605. The sleeve 606 is threadedly connected to the screw 605. When the screw 605 rotates, the sleeve 606 moves axially along the screw 605, thereby adjusting the tension of the cable 11. The clamping block 604 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sleeve 606, preferably by welding or bolting. The bottom of the block 604 is provided with a raised structure that slidably engages with the positioning hole 10 on the backing plate 9, ensuring that the sleeve 606 can move stably along the axial direction of the positioning hole 10 and preventing rotation or deviation. One end of the cable 11 is fixed to the block 604, and the axial movement of the sleeve 606 can achieve the tightening or loosening of the cable 11.

[0060] Multiple second tensioning mechanisms 7 are disposed within the housing cavity of the housing 1. These mechanisms are used to adjust the tension angle of the cable 11 to accommodate different force transmission directions. Each second tensioning mechanism 7 comprises the following components: a side plate 706, a flat support structure, for mounting guide rollers 707. The ends of the side plate 706 are rotatably connected to the guide rollers 707 via bearings or sleeves. The guide rollers 707 are arranged in parallel, with the cable 11 passing through the gaps between adjacent guide rollers 707. The guide rollers 707 are preferably made of a wear-resistant material (such as nylon or stainless steel) with a smooth surface to reduce friction loss in the cable 11. A connecting rod 705 is hinged at one end to the side plate 706 and at the other end to the support 704, transmitting the angle adjustment force. The connecting rod 705 is preferably a rod-shaped structure with adjustable length to accommodate various installation requirements. The support 704 is fixed to the bottom of the housing 1 and rotatably connected to the housing 1 via a bearing or hinge.

[0061] During actual use, the first shaft 602 is driven to rotate, driving the screw 605 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the screw 605 causes the sleeve 606 to move along the axial direction of the screw 605, and the block 604 slides in the positioning hole 10 to maintain stable movement. The movement of the sleeve 606 then pulls the cable 11, thereby tightening or loosening the cable 11. The tension sensor can monitor the tension of the cable 11 in real time and adjust the output of the drive device through feedback from the control system to maintain the preset tension. The cable 11 passes between multiple guide rollers 707. It is worth noting that the number of guide rollers 707 is preferably three. The cable 11 passes between the three guide rollers 707, and the three guide rollers 707 are distributed in a triangular shape. Its extension direction is adjusted as the angle of the guide roller 707 changes, thereby achieving precise control of the tensioning angle. The advantages are as follows: the threaded transmission of the screw 605 and the sleeve 606 and the sliding fit between the clamping block 604 and the positioning hole 10 ensure precise control of the tensioning force; the rotation design of the guide roller 707 and the support 704 enables fine adjustment of the angle.

[0062] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism further includes a first motor 2. The first tensioning mechanism 6 further includes a first gear 603, a second gear 607, and a third gear 601. The second tensioning mechanism 7 further includes a second shaft 701, a worm 702, and a worm wheel 703. The first motor 2 is fixedly mounted within the housing 1 and is preferably a servo motor. Its output shaft is connected to the third gear 601 via a gear transmission or a coupling, and is used to drive the first tensioning mechanism 6 and the second tensioning mechanism 7.

[0063] In the first tensioning mechanism 6, the first gear 603 and the third gear 601 are both fixedly connected to the first shaft 602, preferably secured by a key connection or interference fit. The first gear 603 is located inside the frame 8 and meshes with the second gear 607 to transmit rotational power. The third gear 601 is located above the frame 8. The second gear 607 is fixedly connected to the second shaft 701, preferably secured by a key connection or bolts, to transmit power to the second tensioning mechanism 7.

[0064] In the second tensioning mechanism 7, the second shaft 701 is a rotating shaft coaxially fixedly connected to the worm 702, preferably secured by a key or bolts. The worm 702 is meshed with a worm wheel 703, which is fixedly connected to a support 704, preferably secured by bolts or welding. The rotation of the worm 702 drives the worm wheel 703, which in turn drives the support 704 to rotate around the bottom of the housing 1. This, through the connecting rod 705 and side plate 706, changes the inclination angle of the guide roller 707, thereby adjusting the tension angle of the cable 11.

[0065] In actual use, the second motor 501 is started, and the output end of the second motor 501 drives the connecting member 301 to rotate, which in turn drives the first shaft 602 and the screw 605 to rotate, thereby adjusting the tension of the cable 11. At the same time, the first gear 603 drives the second gear 607 and the second shaft 701 to rotate, and the second shaft 701 drives the worm 702 to rotate. Through the engagement of the worm 702 and the worm gear 703, the support 704 is driven to rotate, thereby changing the tension angle of the cable 11.

[0066] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism also includes an auxiliary mechanism 3, a protective mechanism 4, and a coupling mechanism 5, which are used to enhance the adjustment mechanism's motion stability, protect transmission components, and achieve efficient power transmission. The auxiliary mechanism 3 includes an annular plate 302, a connector 301, a sleeve 305, a first plate 306, a roller 304, and a plurality of protrusions 303. The coupling mechanism 5 includes a fourth gear 502, a second plate 503, and a second motor 501.

[0067] The annular plate 302 is a circular ring-shaped structure, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the pad 9 by bolts or welding. A plurality of protrusions 303 are provided on the inner or outer side of the annular plate 302. The protrusions 303 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular plate 302, and each protrusion 303 corresponds to the position of a frame 8. The protrusions 303 are preferably rectangular or trapezoidal protrusions with a smooth surface to reduce friction. The roller 304 is a circular roller that can roll between the surface of the annular plate 302 and the protrusions 303. The roller 304 is rotatably connected to the first plate body 306 by a bearing or a shaft pin to ensure the smoothness of rolling. The first plate body 306 is a flat plate structure, one end of which is provided with a slide groove, which slides with the sleeve 305. The sleeve 305 is a hollow sleeve structure, which is fixedly connected to the connecting member 301, preferably fixed by bolts or welding. The connecting member 301 is a rod-shaped or plate-shaped structure, one end of which is connected to the sleeve 305 and the other end is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 2, preferably via a coupling. The first motor 2 is fixedly mounted in the housing cavity of the housing 1 and is preferably a servo motor, fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by bolts. The auxiliary mechanism 3 provides guidance and support for the output of the first motor 2 through the rolling of the roller 304 on the annular plate 302 and the protrusion 303, and the sliding fit between the sleeve 305 and the first plate 306, thereby enhancing transmission stability. The protective mechanism 4 is arranged between the first plate 306 and the second plate 503 to ensure normal engagement.

[0068] The connecting mechanism 5 is used to transmit the power of the second motor 501 to the first tensioning mechanism 6 to assist in adjusting the tension of the cable 11. The connecting mechanism 5 includes a fourth gear 502, a second plate 503 and a second motor 501. The second plate 503 is a flat plate structure, which is fixedly connected to the housing of the second motor 501 by bolts or welding. The second motor 501 is preferably a servo motor, which is fixedly installed in the accommodating cavity of the housing 1, and its output shaft is rotatably connected to the second plate 503 through a bearing or a sleeve. The end of the output shaft of the second motor 501 is fixedly connected to the fourth gear 502. The fourth gear 502 can be meshed with the first gear 603 in the first tensioning mechanism 6 to transmit the rotational power of the second motor 501.

[0069] In actual use, the first motor 2 is activated, and its output drives the sleeve 305 through the connector 301. The sleeve 305 slides along the groove of the first plate 306, and the roller 304 on the first plate 306 rolls between the surface of the annular plate 302 and the protrusion 303. The corresponding arrangement of the protrusion 303 and the frame 8 ensures that the movement trajectory of the roller 304 aligns with the layout of the first tensioning mechanism 6, thereby providing stable guidance and support for the output of the first motor 2. The first plate 306 is connected to the second plate 503 via the protective mechanism 4. The second motor 501 is activated, and its output shaft drives the fourth gear 502 to rotate. The fourth gear 502 meshes with the first gear 603, transmitting the power of the second motor 501 to the first tensioning mechanism 6, which in turn assists in rotating the first shaft 602, further adjusting the tension of the cable 11. The first motor 2 provides stable power output through the auxiliary mechanism 3, driving the first and second tensioning mechanisms 6 and 7 to adjust the tension and angle of the cable 11. The second motor 501 assists the first tensioning mechanism 6 in adjusting the tensioning force through the coupling mechanism 5. The control system coordinates the speed and direction of the first and second motors 2 and 501 according to the required operating conditions, ensuring precise matching of the tensioning force and angle of the cable 11. This embodiment significantly improves the motion accuracy, stability, and durability of the adjustment mechanism through the guiding support of the auxiliary mechanism 3, the shock absorption protection of the protection mechanism 4, and the auxiliary power transmission of the coupling mechanism 5. It is suitable for adjusting cable tension under high loads and complex operating conditions. Because each protrusion 303 corresponds to the position of the third gear 601, when the roller 304 contacts the protrusion 303, the third gear 601 can mesh with the fourth gear 502. The third and fourth gears 601 and 502 utilize a standard involute gear design, preferably a spur or helical gear, to ensure smooth and reliable meshing. The two gears have the same module, pressure angle, and number of teeth. The module is preferably between 1.5 and 3, and the pressure angle is 20° to ensure contact strength and transmission efficiency during meshing. The gear tooth profiles undergo precision machining (such as hobbing or grinding), with a surface roughness controlled below Ra0.8 to reduce friction and wear during meshing. The gear tooth tip and root diameters are designed to account for clearance during disengagement and re-engagement. The tip diameter is slightly smaller than the standard value (for example, the addendum height coefficient is 0.9) to reduce the risk of tooth tip interference caused by slight positional deviations when the gears approach. Furthermore, the tooth widths of the two gears are appropriately widened (for example, 8 to 10 times the module) to increase the meshing contact area and enhance stability during re-engagement. At the moment the third gear 601 and the fourth gear 502 begin to mesh, the initial contact between the tooth tips and the tooth grooves generates an impact force due to slight positional deviations or speed differences in the gear tooth profiles. A spring 404 is mounted on the limit rod 403, with its ends respectively abutting or securing the first protrusion 401 (connected to the first plate 306) and the second protrusion 402 (connected to the second plate 503).When the fourth gear 502 approaches the third gear 601, the compression or extension of the spring 404 absorbs the initial impact energy of engagement, reducing the transient contact force between the gears. For example, the spring constant of the spring 404 can be designed to be between 10 and 50 N / mm, and the compression controlled between 2 and 5 mm to ensure sufficient cushioning. This cushioning effect effectively prevents wear and chipping of the gear teeth due to impact, protecting the surface integrity of the third and fourth gears 601 and 502.

[0070] In this embodiment, the protective mechanism 4 is disposed between the first plate 306 and the second plate 503. It assists in achieving stable meshing between the fourth gear 502 in the coupling mechanism 5 and the first gear 603 in the first tensioning mechanism 6, while also absorbing vibration and shock to protect the transmission components. The protective mechanism 4 comprises a first protrusion 401, a second protrusion 402, a stopper rod 403, and a spring 404. The first protrusion 401 is fixedly attached to the surface of the first plate 306, preferably by bolts or welding. It is a rectangular or cylindrical protrusion with a through-hole on its surface for engagement with the stopper rod 403. The second protrusion 402 is fixedly attached to the surface of the second plate 503, preferably by bolts or welding. It is similar in shape to the first protrusion 401 and also has a through-hole. The stopper rod 403 is a cylindrical rod with one end fixedly attached to the through-hole of the second protrusion 402, preferably by threading or interference fit. The other end passes through the through-hole of the first protrusion 401 and is capable of sliding relative to the first protrusion 401. Spring 404 is a compression spring that is sleeved onto limiting rod 403. Its ends abut or are fixedly connected to first protrusion 401 and second protrusion 402, respectively, preferably by snap fastening or welding. Spring 404 provides elastic cushioning during the relative motion between first plate 306 and second plate 503, preventing excessive impact when fourth gear 502 engages first gear 603.

[0071] In actual use, the protective mechanism 4 operates as follows: When the second motor 501 drives the fourth gear 502 to rotate and mesh with the first gear 603, the first plate 306 and the second plate 503 may move relative to each other due to vibration or positional deviation caused by the gear meshing. The limiting rod 403 slides within the through-hole of the first protrusion 401, limiting the relative displacement direction of the first plate 306 and the second plate 503, ensuring the meshing alignment of the fourth gear 502 and the first gear 603. The spring 404 compresses or stretches when vibration or impact occurs, absorbing excess force and reducing the impact load between the first protrusion 401 and the second protrusion 402, thereby protecting the stability of the gear meshing and the connection strength between the first plate 306 and the second plate 503. Through the guiding action of the limiting rod 403 and the buffering action of the spring 404, the protective mechanism 4 effectively improves the precision and reliability of the meshing between the fourth gear 502 and the first gear 603, thereby extending the service life of the transmission components.

[0072] It is worth noting that the angle design of screw 605 and worm 702 is specifically designed so that when screw 605 is driven to rotate and indirectly tighten cable 11, worm 702, in conjunction with other components, drives side plate 706 and other structures toward the geometric center of backing plate 9. Reversing the output of second motor 501 releases the cable. This allows the second tensioning mechanism 7 to tighten cable 11 while simultaneously tightening it. Conversely, when releasing the cable, the second tensioning mechanism 7 simultaneously releases it. Through the linkage between worm 702 and side plate 706 and other components, the second tensioning mechanism 7 simultaneously drives side plate 706 and guide roller 707 toward the geometric center of backing plate 9 when screw 605 tightens cable 11, thereby tightening the angle of cable 11. Conversely, when second motor 501 reverses and releases cable 11, the second tensioning mechanism 7 simultaneously releases the angle of cable 11. This synchronization ensures that the tensioning force and tensioning angle of the cable 11 are always coordinated during the dynamic adjustment process, avoiding uneven force distribution or motion deviation caused by a single adjustment, and improving the motion accuracy and stability of the adjustment mechanism. The setting of the second tensioning mechanism 7 allows the tensioning angle of the cable 11 to be adaptively adjusted as the tensioning force changes. Through the meshing transmission of the worm 702 and the worm wheel 703, the side plate 706 and the guide roller 707 can achieve precise angle adjustment in three-dimensional space to adapt to complex motion trajectories and multi-directional force transmission requirements. This flexibility makes the adjustment mechanism suitable for a variety of working conditions, such as cable transmission scenarios with high loads, dynamic changes or complex paths.

[0073] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slipform method for multi-station group cylindrical structures, used for simultaneously constructing multiple concrete cylindrical structures, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Determine the construction locations of multiple cylindrical structures, install multiple sub-slipforms at the corresponding construction locations, and connect the main operating platform to the multiple sub-slipforms; S2: Installing a hydraulic lifting system on each of the sub-slipforms, and installing a hydraulic control system on the main operating platform, wherein the hydraulic control system is capable of controlling multiple hydraulic lifting systems simultaneously; S3: pouring concrete in the formwork system of each sub-slipform, wherein the formwork system is composed of steel formwork, and vibrating and surface treating the concrete in the steel formwork, and forming a cylindrical structure wall after the concrete reaches a predetermined strength; S4: using the hydraulic control system to control the plurality of hydraulic lifting systems to synchronously lift the plurality of sub-sliding forms and the main operating platform at a preset lifting speed; S5: Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the plurality of cylindrical structures reach a predetermined height.

2. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting speed is adjusted according to the setting time of the concrete.

3. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure is set in the geometric center of the wall of the cylindrical structure, and one end of a plurality of cables (11) is connected to the adjustment mechanism, and the other ends of the plurality of cables (11) are connected to a plurality of open beams in the sub-slip formwork, so that the plurality of cables (11) are uniformly distributed in a circular shape. The height of the support structure is the same as the height of the cylindrical structure, and the hydraulic lifting system can control the adjustment mechanism to be lifted synchronously in the support structure when the sub-slip formwork is lifted.

4. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the vertical state of the open beam in the sub-sliding mold is monitored by: S401a: Hang a plumb bob on the top of the open beam of each sub-slipform, and let the plumb bob hang down to the bottom reference point in the middle of the cylindrical structure through a pay-out device; S402a: Using a theodolite, measuring the projection position of the plumb bob and determining the verticality of the open beam by observing the horizontal offset between the plumb bob and the axis of the cylindrical structure; S403a: When it is detected that the verticality deviation of the open beam exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the tension adjustment value of the required cable (11) is calculated by the workstation of the main operating platform, and the tension of the cable (11) connected to the corresponding open beam is adjusted by using the adjustment mechanism installed on the support structure to correct the open beam to a vertical state.

5. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the vertical state of the open beam in the sub-sliding mold is monitored by: S401b: Fixing a set of vertical rulers on the outer side of the yoke beam of each sub-sliding form, wherein the vertical rulers are evenly distributed along the height direction of the yoke beam and aligned with the preset reference lines on the inner side of the cylindrical structure wall; S402b: Using an optical distance meter from the main operating platform to measure the horizontal distance between the vertical ruler and the reference line, and recording the offset of each of the opening beams at different heights; S403b: When it is detected that the offset of the open beam exceeds a predetermined threshold, the required tension adjustment value of the cable (11) is calculated by the workstation of the main operating platform, and the tension of the cable (11) connected to the corresponding open beam is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to correct the open beam to a vertical state.

6. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the vertical state of the open beam in the sub-sliding mold is monitored by: S401c: Fixing a horizontal bar on the top of the splayed beam of each sub-sliding form, wherein the center of the horizontal bar is aligned with the geometric center of the splayed beam; S402c: Using optical observation equipment from the main operating platform to observe the inclination angle of the horizontal pole relative to a preset reference line at the top of the support structure, to determine the verticality deviation of the truss beam; S403c: When the tilt angle exceeds a predetermined threshold, the tension of the cable (11) connected to the open beam is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to correct the vertical state, and after the adjustment, step S402c is repeated to verify the correction effect.

7. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the vertical state of the open beam in the sub-sliding mold is monitored by: S401d: Setting a set of symmetrical visual reference points at the connection between the open beam of each sub-slip form and the steel formwork, wherein the reference points are pre-calibrated with the axis of the tubular structure through markings; S402d: The construction worker on the main operating platform uses a goniometer to measure the angular deviation of the visual reference point relative to the fixed scale line on the inner side of the cylindrical structure wall, and records the vertical offset of the open beam; S403d: Based on the angle deviation data of step S402d, the tension adjustment value of the cable (11) is calculated by the workstation of the main operating platform, and the tension of the cable (11) is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to correct the open beam.

8. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism comprises a housing (1), a plurality of first tensioning mechanisms (6), and a plurality of second tensioning mechanisms (7); A plurality of the first tensioning mechanisms (6) are arranged inside the housing (1), and each of the first tensioning mechanisms (6) is respectively connected to one end of a plurality of the cables (11). The first tensioning mechanism (6) is used to tension the cables (11), and the cables (11) pass through the second tensioning mechanism (7). The second tensioning mechanism (7) is used to adjust the tensioning angle of the cables (11).

9. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a pad (9), a plurality of frames (8) and a plurality of positioning holes (10), wherein the pad (9) is connected to the inner wall of the shell (1), the plurality of positioning holes (10) are processed on the pad (9), a frame (8) is provided above each of the positioning holes (10), and the plurality of frames (8) are connected to the pad (9), and the first tensioning mechanism (6) includes a first shaft (602), a screw (605), a sleeve (606) and a clamping block (604); The first shaft (602) is connected to the screw (605), the screw (605) is threadedly connected to the sleeve (606), the sleeve (606) is connected to the clamping block (604), the clamping block (604) is slidably connected to the positioning hole (10), the first shaft (602) is rotationally connected to the frame (8), and the clamping block (604) is connected to the cable (11); The second tensioning mechanism (7) comprises a side plate (706), a plurality of guide rollers (707), a connecting rod (705) and a support (704); The side plate (706) is rotatably connected to the plurality of guide rollers (707), the cable (11) passes between the plurality of guide rollers (707), the side plate (706) is connected to the support (704) via the connecting rod (705), and the support (704) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the shell (1).

10. The sliding form method for a multi-station group cylindrical structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a first motor (2), and the first tensioning mechanism (6) further includes a first gear (603), a second gear (607), and a third gear (601); The second tensioning mechanism (7) further includes a second shaft (701), a worm (702), and a worm wheel (703); The first gear (603) and the third gear (601) are both connected to the first shaft (602), the first gear (603) is arranged inside the frame (8), the third gear (601) is arranged above the frame (8), the first gear (603) is meshed and connected with the second gear (607), the second gear (607) is connected to the second shaft (701), the second shaft (701) is connected to the worm (702), the worm (702) is meshed and connected with the worm wheel (703), and the worm wheel (703) is connected to the support (704); It also includes auxiliary agencies (3), protection agencies (4) and bridging agencies (5); The auxiliary mechanism (3) comprises an annular plate (302), a connecting member (301), a sliding sleeve (305), a first plate body (306), a roller (304) and a plurality of protrusions (303); The connection mechanism (5) comprises a fourth gear (502), a second plate (503) and a second motor (501); The annular plate (302) is connected to the pad (9), the annular plate (302) is connected to the plurality of protrusions (303), the plurality of protrusions (303) correspond to the plurality of frames (8), the roller (304) can move on the plurality of protrusions (303) and the annular plate (302), the roller (304) is rotatably connected to the first plate (306), the first plate (306) is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve (305), the sliding sleeve (305) is connected to the connecting member (301), the connecting member (301) is connected to the output end of the first motor (2), and the first motor (2) is connected to the housing (1); The first plate (306) is connected to the second plate (503) via the protection mechanism (4); the second plate (503) is connected to the second motor (501); the output end of the second motor (501) is rotationally connected to the second plate (503); the output end of the second motor (501) is connected to the fourth gear (502); and the fourth gear (502) is capable of meshing with the first gear (603); The protection mechanism (4) is used to assist the fourth gear (502) and the first gear (603) to complete the meshing action.

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