Combination ladder, ladder components, and related methods

Abstract

The invention relates to a combination ladder, a ladder component and a related method. Ladders and ladder components are described herein, including multipurpose and adjustable ladders. In one embodiment, a ladder comprises: a first assembly having a ladder frame and steps; the second assembly is provided with a ladder frame and stairs; and one or more hinges coupling the first component and the second component together such that the first component and the second component can be positioned relative to each other in at least one position or state and in at least one second position or state. The top cover is coupled to the ladder frame of the first assembly such that the ladder frame of the second assembly does not contact the top cover when the first assembly and the second assembly are in the first position. Each ladder frame of the second assembly is at least partially nested in one of a pair of channels formed in the top cover when the first assembly and the second assembly are in the second position.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese application with application number 201980038098.0, application date June 7, 2019, and title “Combination ladder, ladder components and related methods”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 682,673, filed June 8, 2018, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 732,997, filed September 18, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62,834,076, filed April 15, 2019, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0004] This application is also related to U.S. patent application No. 29 / 679,726 filed on February 8, 2019, U.S. patent application No. 29 / 679,733 filed on February 8, 2019, U.S. patent application No. 29 / 677,352 filed on October 19, 2019, U.S. patent application No. 29 / 667,354 filed on October 19, 2018, U.S. patent application No. 29 / 667,356 filed on October 19, 2018, and U.S. patent application No. 29 / 667,357 filed on October 19, 2018, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Background Art

[0005] The present invention generally relates to various embodiments of ladders, including combination ladders and various ladder components. Ladders are conventionally employed to provide their users with improved access to elevated locations that might otherwise be inaccessible. Ladders come in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as straight ladders, straight telescopic ladders, stepladders, and combination stepladders and telescopic ladders. So-called combination ladders can combine many of the benefits of multiple ladder designs into a single ladder.

[0006] Ladders known as stepladders (sometimes called A-frame ladders) are self-supporting ladders, meaning they do not need to be leaned against a wall, pole, or other structure for stability. Instead, a stepladder can be positioned on the floor (or other similar surface) so that at least three (and typically four) of the stepladder's legs provide a stable support structure for the user to climb, even in an open space (e.g., outside or in the middle of a room) without walls, roofs, poles, or other types of structures necessary for the ladder's stability.

[0007] Ladders, such as combination ladders, are highly utilized by various tradespeople and homeowners. Such ladders are "self-supporting" in one configuration (e.g., in a stepladder configuration), such that they do not require the upper end of the ladder to be positioned against a support structure (e.g., a wall or the edge of a roof). Instead, when in this configuration, combination ladders typically utilize four spaced-apart legs to provide a stable structure and support the ladder and user when placed, for example, on the floor or ground. This enables the ladder user to access elevated areas, even if the area being accessed may be, for example, in the middle of a room, away from a wall, or other potential support structure that would conventionally be required when using a straight or telescoping ladder.

[0008] Combination ladders can be placed in other configurations, including one in which the ladder extends substantially in a single plane, such as a straight ladder or telescoping ladder, thereby providing access to increased heights (compared to when it is in a stepladder configuration), but generally requiring some elevated structure to support the ladder (e.g., the edge of a wall or roof).

[0009] For these and other reasons, combination ladders have become a popular form of ladder and constitute a significant portion of the ladder market.However, there are always areas of potential improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present disclosure describes various embodiments of ladders and ladder components, including adjustable multi-use ladders.

[0011] According to one embodiment, a ladder is provided that includes a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly includes a first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The second assembly includes a second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and at least one rung extending between and coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The ladder further includes a pair of hinges that pivotally couple the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames, such that the first pair of ladder frames can be selectively positioned relative to the second pair of ladder frames in at least a first position, a second position, and a third position. A roof is coupled to the first pair of spaced apart stiles, wherein the first and second pair of spaced apart stiles are in the first position and the second pair of spaced apart stiles do not contact the roof, and wherein each stile of the second pair of spaced apart stiles is at least partially nested within one of a pair of channels formed in the roof when the first and second pair of spaced apart stiles are in the second position.

[0012] In one embodiment, when the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in the third position, the second pair of stiles does not contact the roof.

[0013] In one embodiment, the ladder further includes a selectively positionable stile coupled to at least one of the first assembly, the second assembly, and the top cover.

[0014] In one embodiment, a selectively positionable ladder stile includes a pair of side members and at least one cross member coupled between the pair of side members.

[0015] In one embodiment, the ladder further includes an accessory coupled to the second pair of spaced apart stiles, the accessory including a first pair of engagement surfaces forming an inner 90 degree angle and a second pair of engagement surfaces forming an outer 90 degree angle.

[0016] In one embodiment, the ladder further comprises a pair of legs, each leg of the pair of legs coupled to an associated sash of a second pair of spaced apart sashes, wherein the accessory is coupled to the second pair of sashes at a location between the pair of legs and the at least one rung.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first pair of engagement surfaces includes a first engagement surface and a second engagement surface, and wherein a recess is formed between the first engagement surface and the second engagement surface, the recess including a rear wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall, wherein the first side wall and the second side wall are spaced apart from each other by a distance of approximately 1.5 inches or greater.

[0018] In one embodiment, the accessory is removably coupled to the second pair of stiles.

[0019] In one embodiment, each hinge in the pair of hinges includes: a first locking ring; a second locking ring that is selectively rotatable about an axis relative to the first locking ring; a gear member having at least one cog on a periphery thereof and being axially disposed between the first locking ring and the second locking ring, the gear member having an axially protruding shaft that includes a ramp, an annular recess, and an abutting shoulder between the ramp and the annular recess; and an annular coil spring disposed around a portion of the shaft and configured to contract within the annular recess when the gear member is displaced toward the second locking ring.

[0020] In one embodiment, the first pair of spaced apart stiles exhibit a first width at a first height of the first assembly and a second width at a second height of the first assembly, the second width being greater than the first width.

[0021] In one embodiment, the second pair of spaced apart stiles are substantially parallel to each other.

[0022] In one embodiment, the second component exhibits a width of approximately 14.5 inches or less.

[0023] In one embodiment, the top cover includes a first body portion and a second body portion that is selectively displaceable relative to the first body portion.

[0024] In one embodiment, the ladder further includes a mat provided on a surface of the second body portion.

[0025] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a ladder is provided, comprising a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly comprises a first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames; a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames; and a first pair of legs coupled to the pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The second assembly comprises a second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames extending substantially parallel to one another; at least one rung extending between and coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames; and a second pair of legs coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The ladder further comprises a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames; and a top cap coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The first assembly exhibits a first width adjacent to the pair of hinges and a second width adjacent to the first pair of legs, the second width being greater than the first width.

[0026] In one embodiment, the second component exhibits an overall width of approximately 14.5 inches or less.

[0027] In one embodiment, each of the first pair of spaced apart stiles includes a first portion that is substantially linear and coupled to a hinge of the pair of hinges and a second portion that is flared and extends between the first portion and a foot of the pair of feet.

[0028] In one embodiment, the second portion is arcuate.

[0029] In one embodiment, the first pair of spaced apart ladder stiles are formed from a material comprising fiberglass.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first portions of the first pair of spaced apart stiles are substantially parallel to each other.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first pair of stiles is selectively positionable relative to the second pair of stiles in at least a first position, a second position, and a third position.

[0032] In one embodiment, the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in a first position, the second pair of stiles not contacting the roof, and wherein each stile of the second pair of spaced apart stiles is at least partially nested within one of a pair of channels formed in the roof when the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in the second position.

[0033] In one embodiment, the top cover includes a first body portion and a second body portion that is selectively displaceable relative to the first body portion.

[0034] In one embodiment, the second body portion includes a first substantially planar engagement surface and a pair of protruding members extending away from the substantially planar engagement surface.

[0035] In one embodiment, the pair of protruding members includes: a first protruding member having a first angled surface and a second angled surface; a second protruding member having a third angled surface and a fourth angled surface, wherein the first angled surface and the third angled surface form an inner 90 degree angle relative to each other, and wherein the second angled surface and the fourth angled surface form an outer angle relative to each other.

[0036] In one embodiment, the ladder further comprises a channel disposed between the first protruding member and the second protruding member.

[0037] In one embodiment, the channel exhibits a width of about 1.5 to about 1.625 inches.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a ladder is provided, comprising a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly comprises a first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The second assembly comprises a second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and at least one rung extending between and coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The ladder further comprises a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames, such that the first pair of ladder frames can be selectively positioned relative to the second pair of ladder frames in at least a first position and a second position, wherein the second pair of ladder frames extend from the first pair of ladder frames at an acute angle when in the first position, and wherein the second pair of ladder frames extend from the first pair of ladder frames in a generally parallel direction when in the second position. The ladder further comprises a pair of legs, each of the pair of legs coupled to a lower portion of an associated ladder frame of the second pair of ladder frames. Each leg includes a body having a first side wall, a second side wall, a front wall, and a rear wall, wherein the first side wall, the second side wall, the front wall, and the rear wall define an opening that engages the associated ladder sash; a first surface engaging portion opposite the opening; and a second surface engaging portion extending along the rear wall.

[0039] In one embodiment, the second surface engaging portion forms an acute projection angle with the rear surface of its associated stile.

[0040] In one embodiment, the acute projection angle is between about 14 degrees and about 16 degrees.

[0041] In one embodiment, the acute projection angle is approximately 15 degrees.

[0042] In one embodiment, the ladder further comprises a first buffer portion between the rear wall and the second surface engaging portion.

[0043] In one embodiment, the first wall, the second wall, the front wall, and the rear wall are formed of a first material, and wherein the first surface engaging portion, the second surface engaging portion, and the first buffer portion are formed of a second material that is different from the first material.

[0044] In one embodiment, the second material is overmolded onto the first material.

[0045] In one embodiment, the ladder further includes a third surface engaging portion positioned adjacent the first side wall.

[0046] In one embodiment, the third surface engaging portion is positioned at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the second surface engaging portion.

[0047] In one embodiment, the ladder further includes a fourth surface engaging portion positioned adjacent the second side wall.

[0048] In one embodiment, the fourth surface engaging portion is positioned at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the second surface engaging portion.

[0049] In one embodiment, the first surface engaging portion includes a first set of raised ridges and the second surface engaging portion includes a second set of raised ridges.

[0050] In one embodiment, the first set of ridges extend lengthwise in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first sidewall.

[0051] In one embodiment, the second set of ridges extend lengthwise in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the first set of ridges.

[0052] In one embodiment, the ladder further comprises a top cover coupled to the first pair of spaced apart stiles, wherein the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in a first position and the second pair of spaced apart stiles do not contact the top cover, and wherein each stile of the second pair of spaced apart stiles is at least partially nested in one of a pair of channels formed in the top cover when the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in the second position.

[0053] According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a ladder foot is provided, comprising: a body having a first side wall, a second side wall, a front wall, and a rear wall, wherein the first side wall, the second side wall, the front wall, and the rear wall define an opening that engages an associated ladder sash; a first surface engaging portion that is opposite the opening; and a second surface engaging portion that extends along the rear wall.

[0054] In one embodiment, the second surface engaging portion forms an acute angle with the surface of the rear wall.

[0055] In one embodiment, the acute angle is between about 14 degrees and about 16 degrees.

[0056] In one embodiment, the acute angle is approximately 15 degrees.

[0057] In one embodiment, the ladder foot further includes a third surface engaging portion adjacent the first side wall.

[0058] In one embodiment, the third surface engaging portion forms an angle of approximately 45 degrees with the second surface engaging portion.

[0059] In one embodiment, the ladder foot further includes a first buffer portion between the rear wall and the second surface engaging portion and a second buffer portion between the first side wall and the third surface engaging portion.

[0060] In one embodiment, the first wall, the second wall, the front wall and the rear wall are formed of a first material, and wherein the first surface joint, the second surface joint, the third surface joint, the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion are formed of a second material that is different from the first material.

[0061] In one embodiment, the second material is overmolded onto the first material.

[0062] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, another ladder is provided that includes a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly includes a first pair of spaced-apart ladder sashes and a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder sashes, and the second assembly includes a second pair of spaced-apart ladder sashes and at least one rung extending between and coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder sashes. The ladder further includes a pair of hinges that pivotally couple the first pair of spaced-apart ladder sashes to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder sashes. Each hinge in the pair of hinges includes: a first locking ring; a second locking ring, the second locking ring being selectively rotatable about an axis relative to the first locking ring; a gear member having at least one cog on a periphery thereof and being axially disposed between the first locking ring and the second locking ring, the gear member having an axially protruding shaft, the axially protruding shaft including a ramp, an annular recess, and an abutment shoulder between the ramp and the annular recess; and an annular coil spring disposed around a portion of the shaft and configured to contract within the annular recess when the gear member is displaced toward the second locking ring.

[0063] In one embodiment, the first locking ring further comprises a plurality of radially inwardly extending protrusions, each protrusion comprising a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface, wherein upon relative rotation of the first locking ring and the second locking ring, at least one of the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface engages the at least one cog to axially shift the gear member toward the first locking ring.

[0064] In one embodiment, the pair of hinges are configured to selectively lock the second component relative to the first component in a first position and at least a second position.

[0065] In one embodiment, the second pair of stiles extend at an acute angle from the first pair of stiles when in the first position, and wherein the second pair of spaced apart stiles extend in generally parallel directions from the first pair of stiles when in the second position.

[0066] In one embodiment, the pair of hinges are configured to selectively lock the second assembly in a third position relative to the first assembly, wherein the second pair of spaced apart stiles are positioned adjacent to and extend generally parallel to the first pair of spaced apart stiles.

[0067] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a ladder sash and hinge assembly is provided, the ladder sash and hinge assembly including a first sash, a second sash, and a hinge assembly, the hinge assembly pivotally coupling the first sash and the second sash. The hinge assembly includes: a first locking ring; a second locking ring selectively rotatable about an axis relative to the first locking ring; a gear member having at least one cog on its periphery and axially disposed between the first locking ring and the second locking ring, the gear member having an axially projecting shaft including a ramp, an annular recess, and an abutment shoulder, the abutment shoulder being located between the ramp and the annular recess; and an annular coil spring disposed around a portion of the shaft and configured to contract within the annular recess when the gear member is displaced toward the second locking ring.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first locking ring further comprises a plurality of radially inwardly extending protrusions, each protrusion comprising a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface, wherein upon relative rotation of the first locking ring and the second locking ring, at least one of the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface engages the at least one cog to axially shift the gear member toward the first locking ring.

[0069] In one embodiment, the hinge assembly is configured to selectively lock the first stile relative to the second stile in a first position, a second position, and at least a third position.

[0070] In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, a ladder is provided, comprising a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly comprises a first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The second assembly comprises a second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and at least one rung extending between and coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The ladder further comprises a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames, such that the first pair of ladder frames can be selectively positioned relative to the second pair of ladder frames in at least a first position and a second position, wherein the second pair of ladder frames extend from the first pair of ladder frames at an acute angle when in the first position, and wherein the second pair of ladder frames extend from the first pair of ladder frames in a generally parallel direction when in the second position. A top cover is coupled to the first pair of ladder frames, and an accessory is coupled to the second pair of ladder frames. The attachment includes a first pair of engagement surfaces forming an inner 90 degree angle and a second pair of engagement surfaces forming an outer 90 degree angle.

[0071] In one embodiment, the first pair of engagement surfaces includes a first engagement surface and a second engagement surface, and wherein a recess is formed between the first engagement surface and the second engagement surface, the recess including a rear wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall, wherein the first side wall and the second side wall are spaced apart from each other by a distance of approximately 1.5 inches or greater.

[0072] In one embodiment, the second pair of engagement surfaces includes a third engagement surface and a fourth engagement surface, and wherein the fifth engagement surface extends between the first engagement surface and the third engagement surface, and wherein the sixth engagement surface extends between the second engagement surface and the fourth engagement surface.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first and second pair of engagement surfaces include grooves and ridges extending between an upper surface of the attachment and a lower surface of the attachment.

[0074] In one embodiment, the accessory is removably coupled to the second pair of stiles.

[0075] In one embodiment, the accessory comprises an upper surface having at least one recess formed therein.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in a first position, the second pair of stiles not contacting the roof, and wherein each stile of the second pair of spaced apart stiles is at least partially nested within one of a pair of channels formed in the roof when the first pair of spaced apart stiles and the second pair of spaced apart stiles are in the second position.

[0077] In one embodiment, the top cover includes a front face, a top face, a rear face, and a pair of protruding members extending from the rear face, wherein the pair of protruding members include: a first protruding member having a first angled surface and a second angled surface; and a second protruding member having a third angled surface and a fourth angled surface, wherein the first angled surface and the third angled surface form an inner 90 degree angle relative to each other, and wherein the second angled surface and the fourth angled surface form an outer angle relative to each other.

[0078] In one embodiment, the channel is provided between the first protruding member and the second protruding member.

[0079] In one embodiment, the second assembly further comprises a pair of legs coupled to the second pair of spaced apart stiles, and wherein the accessory is positioned between the pair of legs and the at least one step.

[0080] In one embodiment, the at least one rung includes a second plurality of rungs including a rung proximate the pair of legs, and wherein the accessory is positioned between the pair of legs and the rung proximate the pair of legs.

[0081] In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, an accessory for a ladder is provided. The accessory includes a body having: first and second engagement surfaces forming an inner 90-degree angle; third and fourth engagement surfaces forming an outer 90-degree angle; fifth and sixth engagement surfaces, the fifth and sixth engagement surfaces being substantially coplanar; and a pair of notches sized, shaped, and configured to engage a pair of stiles of a ladder.

[0082] In one embodiment, the accessory further comprises a third recess disposed between the first engagement surface and the second engagement surface, the third recess comprising a rear wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall, wherein the first side wall and the second side wall are spaced apart from each other by a distance of approximately 1.5 inches or greater.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first and second engagement surfaces are each located between the third and fourth engagement surfaces.

[0084] In one embodiment, the fifth engagement surface extends between the first engagement surface and the third engagement surface, and wherein the sixth engagement surface extends between the second engagement surface and the fourth engagement surface.

[0085] In one embodiment, the accessory includes an upper surface having at least one recess formed therein.

[0086] In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, another ladder is provided. The ladder includes a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly includes a first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The second assembly includes a second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames and at least one rung extending between and coupled to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames. The ladder further includes a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first pair of spaced-apart ladder frames to the second pair of spaced-apart ladder frames, such that the first pair of ladder frames can be selectively positioned relative to the second pair of ladder frames in at least a first position and a second position, wherein the second pair of ladder frames extend from the first pair of ladder frames at an acute angle when in the first position, and wherein the second pair of ladder frames extend from the first pair of ladder frames in a substantially parallel direction when in the second position. Additionally, the ladder includes: a pair of extension members slidably coupled to the first pair of ladder sashes; and a top cover coupled to the pair of extension members, wherein the top cover is displaceable between a first top cover position and a second top cover position, wherein in the first top cover position, the top cover is adjacent to the upper ends of the first pair of ladder sashes, and in the second top cover position, the top cover is spaced apart from the upper ends of the first pair of ladder sashes.

[0087] In one embodiment, the ladder further comprises at least one locking mechanism configured to selectively lock at least one of the extension members in at least two different positions relative to the sash of the first pair of sashes with which it is associated.

[0088] In one embodiment, the first capping location and the second capping location are separated by a distance of at least about 1 foot.

[0089] In one embodiment, the depth of an uppermost step of the plurality of steps is greater than the depth of the stiles of the first pair of stiles.

[0090] In yet another embodiment, a ladder is provided that includes a first assembly and a second assembly. The first assembly includes a first pair of spaced-apart stiles and a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart stiles. The second assembly includes a second pair of spaced-apart stiles. The ladder further includes a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first assembly to the second assembly, and a top cover. The top cover includes a first body portion that is coupled to the first assembly, and a second body portion that is pivotally coupled to the first body portion, wherein, when in a first position, the second body portion presents a substantially planar surface for engaging a vertical support structure, and wherein, when in a second position, the second body portion presents at least a pair of angled engagement surfaces for engaging the vertical support structure.

[0091] In one embodiment, the second body comprises at least one canister.

[0092] In one embodiment, the at least one can includes a lid hingedly coupled to the body of the can.

[0093] In one embodiment, the top cover includes a pair of channels formed in the first body portion, the pair of channels including a first channel adjacent a first side of the second body portion and a second channel adjacent a second side of the second body portion, wherein the pair of channels are configured to receive portions of the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles when the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles are rotated to a position such that they extend upwardly beyond the top cover and are substantially parallel to the first pair of spaced apart ladder stiles.

[0094] In one embodiment, the pair of angled surfaces form a 90 degree interior angle.

[0095] In one embodiment, the pair of angled surfaces form an exterior angle of 90 degrees.

[0096] In one embodiment, the second body portion further includes a second pair of angled surfaces forming a 90 degree interior angle.

[0097] In one embodiment, the second body portion further includes a channel disposed between the first protruding member and the second protruding member.

[0098] In one embodiment, the channel exhibits a width of about 1.5 to about 1.625 inches.

[0099] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a top cover is provided. The top cover includes a first body portion and a second body portion, the first body portion being configured to couple with a pair of stiles of a ladder; the second body portion being pivotally coupled to the first body portion, wherein when in a first position, the second body portion presents a substantially planar surface for engaging a vertical support structure, and wherein when in a second position, the second body portion presents at least a pair of angled engagement surfaces for engaging the vertical support structure.

[0100] In one embodiment, the second body includes at least one can, and a lid hingedly coupled to the body of the can.

[0101] In one embodiment, the canopy further includes a pair of channels formed in the first body portion, the pair of channels including a first channel adjacent a first side of the second body portion and a second channel adjacent a second side of the second body portion, wherein the pair of channels are configured to receive portions of the second pair of spaced apart stiles when the second pair of spaced apart stiles are rotated to a position such that they extend upwardly beyond the canopy and are substantially parallel to the first pair of spaced apart stiles.

[0102] In one embodiment, the pair of angled surfaces forms a 90 degree interior angle, and wherein the top cover includes a second pair of angled surfaces forming a 90 degree exterior angle.

[0103] In one embodiment, the second body portion further includes a channel disposed between the first protruding member and the second protruding member, wherein the channel exhibits a width of approximately 1.5 to approximately 1.625 inches.

[0104] The described embodiments are not mutually exclusive. Rather, various features, components, or elements of one described embodiment may be used in combination with features, components, or elements of other described embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0105] The foregoing and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0106] Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a ladder in a first state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0107] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A front perspective view of the ladder shown in FIG. 1 in a second state;

[0108] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 an enlarged rear perspective view of the ladder shown in FIG;

[0109] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a front perspective view of the ladder shown in FIG. 1 in the third state;

[0110] Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows a lower portion of a ladder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0111] Figures 7 to 10 are various views of a ladder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0112] Figures 11 to 14 are various views of a ladder according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0113] Figures 15A to 18C depicts a top cover of a ladder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0114] Figure 19 and Figure 20 are a perspective view and a rear view, respectively, of a ladder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0115] Figures 21 to 23 yes Figure 19 and Figure 20 Different views of the ladder in different states are shown in FIG;

[0116] Figure 24 is a perspective view of a ladder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0117] Figure 25A and Figure 25B are right and left perspective views of a hinge assembly that may be used with a ladder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0118] Figure 26 yes Figure 25A and Figure 25B A front view of a hinge assembly shown in FIG, with a portion made transparent to depict certain components;

[0119] Figure 27 yes Figure 25A and Figure 25B An exploded view of the hinge assembly shown in FIG;

[0120] Figure 28 yes Figure 25A and Figure 25B A cross-sectional view of the hinge assembly shown in FIG. 1 when in a locked state;

[0121] Figures 29 to 31 yes Figure 25A and Figure 25B ] Various additional views of the hinge assembly are shown in the locked state;

[0122] Figure 32 and Figure 33 yes Figure 25A and Figure 25B A cross-sectional view of the hinge assembly shown in FIG when transitioning from a locked state to an unlocked state;

[0123] Figure 34 yes Figure 25A and Figure 25B A cross-sectional view of the hinge assembly shown in FIG. 1 when in an unlocked state;

[0124] Figures 35 to 37 yes Figure 25A and 25B Various additional views of the hinge assembly shown in the unlocked state;

[0125] Figure 38 shows a portion of a hinge assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0126] Figure 39 is a perspective view of a ladder foot with integrated wall pads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0127] Figure 40 Shown combined with Figure 39 The lower portion of the ladder in the stowed or folded position with the legs shown;

[0128] Figure 41 Shown combined with Figure 39 a lower portion of a ladder with the legs shown, wherein the ladder is in an extended stepladder configuration;

[0129] Figure 42 It is combined Figure 39 a side view of a portion of a ladder with the legs shown in FIG, wherein the ladder is in an extended straight ladder configuration;

[0130] Figure 43 It is combined Figure 39 a perspective view of a portion of a ladder with legs shown in the figure, wherein the ladder is in an extended straight ladder configuration;

[0131] Figure 44 is a perspective view of a ladder component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0132] Figure 45 is a front perspective view of a ladder in a stepladder configuration, wherein Figure 44 The components shown in are attached to the ladder;

[0133] Figure 46 yes Figure 45 A rear perspective view of the ladder shown in FIG when in a stored or folded position;

[0134] Figure 47 yes Figure 45 A front perspective view of the ladder shown in FIG. 1 in its extended state;

[0135] Figure 48 and Figure 49 yes Figure 47 an enlarged view of the upper portion of the ladder shown in FIG;

[0136] Figure 50 is a perspective view of a ladder according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0137] Figure 51 yes Figure 50 an enlarged view of the upper portion of the ladder shown in FIG;

[0138] Figure 52 According to another embodiment of the present invention Figure 50 A perspective view of the ladder shown in FIG, wherein the top cover is in an extended position;

[0139] Figure 53 yes Figure 52 an enlarged view of the upper portion of the ladder shown in FIG;

[0140] Figure 54 is a rear perspective view of an upper portion of a ladder illustrating ladder components according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0141] Figure 55 and Figure 56 yes Figure 54 perspective views of the ladder and components shown in different states or configurations, Figure 57 is a top view of the ladder and components;

[0142] Figure 58 is a top perspective view of a ladder foot with integrated wall pads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0143] Figure 59 yes Figure 58 A bottom perspective view of the support leg shown in FIG;

[0144] Figure 60 It is combined Figure 58 A top view of a ladder with legs shown in FIG, wherein the ladder is in an extended straight ladder configuration and rests against a support member exhibiting an outer corner;

[0145] Figure 61 It is combined Figure 58 A top view of a ladder with legs shown in FIG, wherein the ladder is in an extended straight ladder configuration and rests against a support member exhibiting an internal angle;

[0146] Figure 62is a perspective view of a portion of a ladder incorporating a spreader structure, wherein the ladder is in a stepladder configuration;

[0147] Figure 63 yes Figure 62 a side view of a portion of a ladder shown in , wherein the ladder is in a leaning ladder configuration;

[0148] Figure 64 yes Figure 62 a side perspective view of a portion of a ladder shown in FIG, wherein the ladder is in a straight ladder configuration;

[0149] Figure 65 is a perspective view of a ladder in a stepladder configuration according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0150] Figure 66 yes Figure 65 A perspective view of a ladder in a leaning ladder configuration is shown in FIG;

[0151] Figure 67 yes Figure 65 a perspective view of the ladder shown in another state with the rear assembly extended; and

[0152] Figure 68 yes Figure 65 0010] The ladder is shown in a perspective view in an extended straight ladder configuration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0153] Various embodiments of ladders and ladder components are described herein. The described embodiments are not mutually exclusive. Rather, various features, components, or elements of one described embodiment may be used in combination with features, components, or elements of other described embodiments.

[0154] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , a ladder 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The ladder 100 includes a first assembly 102 having a pair of spaced-apart sashes 104 and a plurality of rungs 106 extending between and coupled to the sashes 104. For convenience, the rungs 106 and sashes 104 of the first assembly 102 may be referred to herein as "front rungs 106" or "front sashes 104," respectively.

[0155] The front steps 106 are spaced apart, substantially parallel to one another, and configured to be substantially horizontal when the ladder 100 is in its intended orientation for use, such that the steps 106 can serve as "steps" for a user to ascend the ladder 100, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In various embodiments, the upper surfaces of the steps 106 can include traction features (e.g., grooves and ridges, gripping strips, or other non-slip features) to provide traction when a user stands on the steps 106. A top cover 110 can be coupled to an upper portion of the front ladder frame 104 and configured to support the weight of a user when the user stands on the top cover 110. The upper surface of the top cover 110 can also include traction or non-slip features to provide traction when the user stands on it.

[0156] The ladder 100 also includes a second assembly 112 having a pair of spaced-apart stiles 114. A plurality of rungs 116 extend between and are coupled to the spaced-apart stiles 114. For convenience, the rungs 116 and stiles 114 of the second assembly may be referred to herein as "rear rungs 116" and "rear stiles 114," respectively. Note that while describing the relative positions of the components of the ladder 100 when in a stepladder configuration, the use of the terms "front" and "rear" herein should not be considered limiting. Rather, the use of "front" and "rear" is for convenience and clarity in describing various components or assemblies of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0157] The rear rungs 116 are spaced apart, substantially parallel to one another, and are configured to be substantially horizontal when the ladder 100 is in the orientation for intended use, such that the rear rungs 116 can serve as "steps" for a user to ascend the ladder 100. In various embodiments, the upper surfaces of the rear rungs 116 (considering the Figure 1 The ladder may be oriented as shown in the figure) and may include traction features (e.g., grooves and ridges, gripping strips, or other non-slip features) to provide traction to a user when standing on the rear rung 116. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the rear rung 116 may include traction features or non-slip features formed on its lower surface (again, as shown). Figure 1 In some embodiments, the second component 112 may include a support structure 117 that is configured to support the ladder 100 when the ladder 100 is in a straight or extended position (such as Figure 2 ), the support structure can be used to, for example, engage a wall, a column, a stud, or a vertical support. In other embodiments, the support structure 117 can be replaced with another step or some other structure such as discussed below.

[0158] The second assembly 112 is pivotally coupled to the first assembly 102 by a pair of hinge assemblies 120 (sometimes referred to herein as "hinges" for simplicity). In the embodiment shown, the hinges 120 are spaced apart from the top cover 110 along the length of the front stile 104 of the first assembly 102. For example, the hinges 120 can be positioned adjacent the step 106 closest to the top cover 110. In one embodiment, this can be approximately 12 inches from the top of the first assembly 102. The hinges 120 are configured to selectively lock the first and second assemblies 102, 112 relative to each other in one or more desired positions. Thus, for example, in Figure 1 , the first and second assemblies 102, 112 are locked such that the rear stile 114 extends at an acute angle relative to the front stile 104, thereby placing the ladder in a stepladder configuration.

[0159] Note that in some embodiments, the ladder 100 does not include any deployer mechanisms (e.g., hinged folding brackets or other structures extending between the first and second components) that are conventionally used to accommodate the folding of the ladder and the "locking" of the first and second components 102, 112 relative to each other in a stepladder configuration. Instead, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, in Figure 1 In the deployed stepladder configuration shown in FIG, locking of the hinge 120 maintains the desired positioning of the first and second components 102 , 112 .

[0160] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the hinge 120 also enables the second assembly 112 to be selectively rotated relative to the first assembly 102 so that the rear sash 114 can be positioned to extend at a substantially 180-degree angle from the front sash 104. In other words, the front and rear sashes 104, 114 extend from each other in a substantially parallel manner, with a substantial portion of the second assembly 112 extending upward and beyond the top cover 110. The hinge 120 can also be configured to lock the first and second assemblies 102, 112 in this relative position (which can be considered a straight ladder configuration), thereby providing the user with the ability to reach an extended height (exceeding the height of a stepladder configuration) when the ladder 100 is leaning against a suitable support surface (e.g., the edge of a wall or roof).

[0161] When the ladder 100 is in a position such as Figure 2 and Figure 3When the vertical ladder is constructed as shown in FIG, portions of the sash 114 of the second assembly 112 are received by and abut one or more surfaces of a channel 122 formed in the rear face of the top cover 110, such that the rear sash 114 (or at least a portion thereof) is nested within the channel 122. As will be described in further detail below, the positioning of a portion of the rear sash 114 within the channel 122 creates a configuration that can be referred to as an open-mortise and through-tenon arrangement. This configuration provides strength and stability to the resulting vertical ladder, with the overlap of the front and rear sashes 104, 114 occurring between the hinge 120 and the channel 122.

[0162] Note that as the second assembly 112 is "flipped up" to a position that places the ladder 100 in a straight ladder configuration (e.g., Figure 2 and Figure 3 ), one of the rear rungs 116 can be aligned with the upper surface of the top cover 110, thereby providing an extended support surface (i.e., the combined surface area of the upper surface of the top cover 110 and the tread surface of the adjacent rung 116) on which a user can stand. Additionally, the other rungs 116 of the second assembly 112 are spaced similarly to the rungs 106 of the first assembly 102, so that when a user ascends and descends the ladder 100, the user can continuously climb from the rungs 106 of the first assembly 102 to the top cover 110 and to the rungs 116 of the second assembly 112 in a continuous and uninterrupted manner and without a change in spacing from one step to another.

[0163] As described above, the hinge 120 may be configured to Figure 2 and 3 122, thereby providing a certain amount of structural rigidity between the two components 102 and 112. Additionally, the rear stiles 114 can each abut the rear surface of their corresponding channel 122, so that forces (e.g., from a user climbing the ladder 100) are transmitted through the first component 102, via the top cover 110, to the rear stiles 114. In addition to this type of force transmission, note that lateral forces (e.g., forces extending in a direction along the axis passing through the two front stiles 104) can also be distributed through the top cover 110, through the side walls of the channel 122, to the rear stiles 114 (or vice versa), and combined with the connection provided by the hinge 120, when in Figure 2 and Figure 3 When constructed as shown in FIG, this again provides the ladder 100 with significant strength and stability.

[0164] refer to Figure 4The second assembly 112 can be selectively positioned relative to the first assembly in a storage or leaning configuration, wherein the rear sash 114 is positioned adjacent to and extends substantially parallel to the front sash 104. In this configuration, no portion of the second assembly extends upwardly beyond (or otherwise contacts) the top cover 110, as occurs in a straight ladder configuration. In this configuration, the ladder 100 can be stored in a relatively compact space, or it can be used to lean against a support surface or object (e.g., a wall or pole), thereby placing the user closer to the support surface. As will be discussed in further detail below, a cushion or other resilient and / or non-marking material can be located on the back surface of the top cover 110 to engage with a support surface (e.g., a wall) so that the ladder does not scratch or otherwise damage the support surface.

[0165] The first and second assemblies 102, 112 may additionally include feet 130 and 132 formed at or coupled to the ends of the front and rear sashes 104, 114, respectively. The feet 130 and 132 may be configured to engage a support surface, such as the ground, when in the stepladder configuration, while the feet 132 may also be configured to engage a support surface, such as a wall, when in the straight ladder configuration.

[0166] The legs 130 and 132 can have any of a variety of configurations, depending on, for example, the type of environment in which the ladder is intended to be used. For example, the legs 130 and 132 can be formed from a plastic or polymer material and configured with a plurality of ridges, nubs, or other engagement features configured to provide increased friction between the ladder and a relatively rigid support surface (e.g., concrete, tile, or wood). Additionally or alternatively, the legs 130 and 132 can include features such as barbs or other sharp protrusions configured to dig into a relatively soft support surface (e.g., dirt or grass). In some embodiments, the legs can be configured as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,016,434 to Moss et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In other embodiments, the legs can be configured as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15,897,995, filed on February 15, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As will be discussed in further detail below, in some embodiments, the legs may be configured to be selectively positionable relative to their associated stiles.

[0167] In some embodiments, the ladder 100 may include other components, including, for example, various support members or other structural components. For example, one or more support members may be used to provide increased strength, rigidity, and / or durability to the ladder. In one example, referring to Figures 1 to 6 In one embodiment, a bracket member 140 can be coupled between a ladder sash (e.g., front ladder sash 104) and its associated step (e.g., front step 106). This bracket 140 can be coupled to various components through mechanical fastening, material bonding, adhesives, or other techniques. In one particular example, the bracket can be fastened to one component (e.g., to step 106) via mechanical fasteners while being coupled to another component (e.g., to front ladder sash 104) simply by wrapping around that component. Some potential examples of brackets and techniques for coupling the bracket to associated components are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 952,437, filed on April 13, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0168] In some embodiments, a mechanism or assembly 144 configured as a last step indicator can be incorporated into or otherwise associated with the lowest rung (e.g., the lowest rung 106 of the first assembly 102) or ladder. Assembly 144 can be configured such that when a user is descending ladder 100 and places their weight on the lowest rung, an alert (e.g., an audible, light, or vibration signal) is provided to the user, indicating that this is the last rung in their descent and that their next "step down" will be onto a supporting surface (e.g., the floor or ground). Some examples of mechanisms or assemblies used as last step indicators are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 849,917, filed on September 10, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0169] The first and second assemblies 102, 112 can be formed from a variety of materials and using a variety of manufacturing techniques. For example, in one embodiment, the front and rear sashes 104, 114 can be formed from a composite material, such as fiberglass, while the steps 106, 116 and other structural components can be formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the top cover 110 can be formed from a plastic material and can be molded. In other embodiments, the assemblies 102 and 112 (and their various components) can be formed from a variety of other materials, including, for example, other composite materials, plastics, polymers, metals, and metal alloys.

[0170] Note that in some embodiments, the front ladder sashes 104 may be tapered, angled, or curved such that the lowermost portions of the two front ladder sashes 104 are spaced further apart from each other than the uppermost portions of the two front ladder sashes 104. In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As best shown in FIG, the front sash 104 exhibits a curved geometry at at least the lower portion of the sash, thereby curving outwardly toward one another. This may be the case even in embodiments where the sash 104 is formed from a composite material, such as, for example, fiberglass. The curved portion of the front sash 104 at its lower end provides a widened base, which increases the lateral stability of the ladder 100. Additionally, the straight or parallel portion at the upper end of the front sash 104 enables the hinge 120 to be assembled to two parallel components, thereby preventing binding of the hinge 120 when the second assembly 112 is transitioned between its different positions or states.

[0171] Note that in other embodiments, the first assembly 102 and / or the second assembly 112 can each include ladder frames that are straight and parallel to one another; ladder frames that are straight and flared (e.g., lower portions of the ladder frames are farther apart than upper portions of the ladder frames); ladder frames that curve with a change in angle; ladder frames that curve with a curved portion; or some combination thereof.

[0172] Now refer to Figures 7 to 10 In some embodiments, the ladder 100 can include a component (such as a retractable ladder sash 150) that extends from the top cover 110 and can help a user maintain their balance and stability when standing on one of the upper steps 106 of the first assembly 102. The ladder sash 150 can include a cross member 152 coupled between a pair of spaced-apart legs 154. The cross member 152 can include a surface that generally matches or mirrors an upper surface of the top cover 110 (e.g., in terms of traction or anti-slip features or materials) so that it is substantially integral with the top cover 110 when in the storage position. The ladder sash 150 can be retracted in the storage position or configuration (see Figure 7 ) and an extended or expanded position or configuration (see Figures 8 to 10 ). In some embodiments, the ladder sash 150 can be maintained in the extended position by a locking mechanism (e.g., a spring-biased button, a pawl mechanism, a latch, etc.). In other embodiments, the ladder sash 150 can be maintained in the extended position by, for example, friction or a biasing force exhibited between the legs 154 and adjacent surfaces of the top cover 110. Figure 7 , when the sash 150 is in the stored or retracted position, the legs 154 can extend downwardly along the inner surface of the front sash 104 through one or more of the steps 106. In some embodiments, the front sash 104 of the first assembly 102 can be formed as a channel (e.g., a C-shaped channel), with the legs 154 positioned within a hollow or recessed portion of the channel to keep the legs 154 out of the path of the user's feet as the user climbs the steps 106 of the first assembly 102.

[0173] In some embodiments, the feet of one or both of the components 102 and 112 may be selectively positionable by the user. Figures 11 to 14 The legs 132 coupled to the ends of the rear ladder sashes 114 can each include a coupling portion 160 coupled to the associated rear ladder sash 114. The legs 132 can also each include a lateral extension portion 162 extending laterally away from the associated rear ladder sash 114, and a surface engagement portion 164 configured to engage a support surface. The legs 132 can each be independently rotatable about an axis extending substantially along the length of the associated rear ladder sash 114, and can each be locked or maintained in various positions by a detent mechanism, a button lock, a clamping mechanism, or various other mechanisms or devices.

[0174] refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 When the ladder is in the stepladder configuration, the foot 132 can be positioned relative to the rear sash 114 such that the surface-engaging portion 164 is positioned laterally outward from the rear sash 114 (e.g., at 180 degrees) and such that the foot engages a support surface (e.g., the ground, floor, or other generally horizontal structure) at a width greater than the width of the rear sash 114. In some embodiments, the surface-engaging portion 164 can extend within substantially the same plane as the associated rear sash 114, thereby maximizing the width over which the surface-engaging portion 164 engages the support surface. Thus, for example, in some embodiments, the rear sash 114 can exhibit a width of approximately 14.5 inches or less (and in some embodiments, 14 inches or less), while the foot 132 can be configured to exhibit a width of approximately 18 to approximately 24 inches or more, thereby providing considerable stability to the ladder 100 when used in the stepladder configuration.

[0175] In some embodiments, the legs 132 may be Figure 11 and Figure 12 1 and 2. The rear stile 114 may be rotated to a position approximately 90 degrees in either rotational direction from the position shown in FIG. Note that in embodiments where the rear stile 114 is configured to exhibit a width of 14.5 inches or less, the second assembly 112 may be placed between adjacent studs of a typical wall construction (prior to installation of sheet rock or other surface), thereby enabling a user to get closer to the wall (e.g., when the second assembly 112 is being passed through the space between two adjacent studs, the top cover 110 is moved closer to the wall), thereby providing enhanced access to a desired work location.

[0176] The legs 132 can also be rotated and locked in other positions. Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown in FIG, when the ladder is in the straight ladder configuration, it may be desirable in some cases to rotate the legs 132 so that the surface-engaging portions 164 extend generally inward (generally toward each other) from the rear sash 114, but at an angle (e.g., in a direction back toward the first assembly 102) relative to the plane in which the rear sash 114 extends. Thus, the surface-engaging portions 164 can be configured to generally mimic or function as V-shaped rungs when the ladder 100 is in the straight ladder configuration, for engaging a pole (e.g., an electric pole, telephone pole, etc.) or other vertical structure. In one embodiment, the legs 132 can be rotated so that the surface-engaging portions 164 extend at an angle of between approximately 20 degrees and approximately 45 degrees relative to the plane in which the rear sash 114 extends. Of course, the legs 132 can also be positioned at other angular positions.

[0177] In some embodiments, the legs 132 can be configured to be rotated and locked into a plurality of angular positions such that the surface engaging portions 164 extend generally outwardly from the rear stile 114 (away from each other) but relative to the plane in which the rear stile 114 extends (such as in a plane extending from the rear stile 114). Figure 14 102). The surface engaging portion 164 can then be used as a wall standoff, providing increased width contact with a wall (or gutter or other supporting structure) when the ladder 100 is in the straight ladder configuration. In one embodiment, the legs 132 can be rotated so that the surface engaging portion 164 extends at an angle between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 45 degrees relative to the plane in which the rear sash 114 extends. In some embodiments, the legs 132 can be rotated so that the surface engaging portion 164 extends directly toward each other (extending at 0 degrees) to minimize the width of the legs 132 in certain situations (including for storage or transport). Of course, the legs 132 can also be positioned at other angles.

[0178] Note that because surface-engaging portion 164 can engage a variety of different structures (e.g., the ground, a pole, a wall, etc.), surface-engaging portion 164 can include various surfaces (e.g., 164A, 164B, and 164C) having grooves, ribs, or other traction features formed therein. Thus, for example, first surface 164A can be configured to engage a pole or other vertical structure when in the straight ladder configuration, second surface 164B can be configured to engage a gutter or wall when in the straight ladder configuration, and third surface 164C can be configured to engage the ground when in the stepladder configuration.

[0179] Now refer to Figures 15A to 18C, the top cover 110 may include a variety of features. For example, as previously described, a pair of channels 122 may be formed in the rear portion of the top cover 110, the channels 122 being sized and configured to receive portions of the rear sash 114 therein when the ladder 100 is placed in the straight ladder configuration. When in the straight ladder configuration, the bottom (or innermost) surface 170A of each channel 122 may contact a surface 172A of the associated rear sash 114 (e.g., see FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Additionally, the side surfaces 170B and 170C can be configured to provide lateral support by engaging corresponding side surfaces 172B and 172C, respectively, of the associated rear sash 114. Thus, for example, if a force is applied to the ladder 100 in a lateral direction (e.g., as Figure 2 170B), a small amount of lateral deflection may occur in the rear sash 114 (and / or the front sash 104), with the side surfaces 170B and 170C acting as stops or abutment members to limit further lateral deflection or displacement of the rear sash 114 relative to the front sash 104 due to the nesting of the rear sash 114 within the channel 122.

[0180] Also as previously described, a cushion or pad 180 or other structure may be positioned along the rear face of the canopy 110 so that the canopy 110 may be leaned or pressed against, for example, a wall when used in the leaning configuration. Figures 15A to 18C As seen in FIG, the top cover 110 may include a first body portion 182 coupled to the front ladder frame 104, and a second body portion 184 (which may include removable attachments) that is selectively positionable (and lockable) relative to the first body portion 182. For example, the second body portion 184 may be positioned in a first position such that a surface 186 (on which a cushion or pad 180 may be located) is positioned generally adjacent to a rear face 188 of the first body portion 182. Note that in some embodiments, the surface 186 and the adjacent rear face 188 may be angled relative to each other (e.g., an angle greater than 180 degrees when measured from the surface 186 to the rear face 188). In some embodiments, the rear face 188 may be angled such that, when in the straight ladder position or configuration, it abuts against a surface of the rear rung 116, thereby providing enhanced strength and rigidity to the ladder 100. In other embodiments, a gap or small space may exist between the rear face 188 and the adjacent rear rung 116.

[0181] In some embodiments, the second body portion 184 can be pivotally coupled to the first body portion 182 via a pivot structure such that the second body portion 184 can rotate relative to the first body portion 182 to at least a second position. Figure 15B and Figure 15CAs seen in FIG, the pivot structure may include a pair of locking buttons 190 having keyed or geared portions 193 configured to engage corresponding openings 195 (e.g., openings sized and shaped to receive portions of the keyed portions 193) formed in the first body portion 182 of the top cover 110. When the keyed portions 193 are engaged in the corresponding openings 195, as shown in FIG. Figure 15B and Figure 15C As shown in (note that Figure 15C The top cover 110 is depicted with the second body portion 184 removed for clarity. The second body portion 184 is locked in place and prevented from rotating relative to the first body portion 182. However, when the locking button is axially displaced along the pivot axis, disengaging the keyed portion 193 from the opening 195 (see FIG. Figure 16B and 16C --in, Figure 16C The top cover 110 is depicted with the second body portion 184 removed for clarity), the second body portion 184 and the locking button can be rotated relative to the first body portion 182, such as Figure 16A As described in .

[0182] When the second body portion 184 is rotated to the second position (eg, such as Figure 17 ), and when keyed portion 193 is aligned with a corresponding feature in opening 195, locking button 190 can be axially displaced by a biasing member 197 (such as a spring) so that keyed portion 193 engages opening 195 and second portion 184 is locked in place relative to first portion 182 in the second position.

[0183] like Figure 17 , when the second body portion 184 is rotated to the second position, various features of the second body portion 184 can protrude outwardly from the rear face 188 of the first body portion 182. For example, the second body portion 184 can include a pair of protruding structures 192, thereby providing a first pair of angled engagement surfaces 194A and 194B, a second pair of angled engagement surfaces 196A and 196B, and a channel 198 adjacent to and between the first pair of engagement surfaces 194A and 194B.

[0184] With the second body portion 184 selectively locked in the second position by the locking button 190 (or by other suitable mechanisms or structures, such as a detent mechanism, a latch, a friction arrangement, etc.), the first pair of angled engagement surfaces 194A and 194B can be positioned and oriented to define an interior angle of a desired magnitude (e.g., approximately 90 degrees) therebetween. The second pair of engagement surfaces 196A and 196B can be positioned and oriented to define an exterior angle of a desired magnitude (e.g., approximately 90 degrees). In some embodiments, a cushion or pad 199 can be placed on each of the engagement surfaces 194A, 194B, 196A, and 196B, such as Figure 17 The best seen.

[0185] See also Figure 18A , when used in a leaning configuration (see, for example, Figure 4 ), the ladder 100 can be leaned against an exterior wall corner 200 such that the first pair of engagement surfaces 194A and 194B each engage an adjacent wall 202A and 202B forming the exterior corner 200, thereby providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and enabling a user to move laterally closer to the wall.

[0186] See also Figure 18B When used in the leaning configuration, the ladder 100 can lean against an interior wall corner 204 such that the second pair of engagement surfaces 196A and 196B each engage an adjacent wall 206A and 206B forming the interior corner 204, again providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and enabling a user to move laterally closer to the wall.

[0187] Further, when used in the leaning configuration, the ladder 100 can be supported against a vertical support structure, such as a stud 208 of a framed wall (e.g., a vertically oriented 2x4, 2x6, etc.), by positioning the stud 208 within the channel 198, thereby providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and enabling a user to move laterally closer to the wall. Thus, in some embodiments, the channel 198 can be configured to exhibit a width between its sidewalls of approximately 1.5 inches or slightly greater (e.g., approximately 1.5625 to approximately 1.625 inches), thereby providing a snug fit within the channel 198 for a standardized stud.

[0188] The top cover 110 may also include other features, including, for example, an opening 210 for placing a tool or other component therein (e.g., a screwdriver, a hammer handle, etc.), a recess 212 for holding tools or supplies (e.g., nails or screws), or features for coupling accessories to the top cover. In some embodiments, such features may be formed in the first body portion 182, the second body portion 184, or both.

[0189] Reference Figures 19 to 23 In some embodiments, the ladder 100 can include a ladder frame member 220 that can be selectively positioned. In one example, the ladder frame member 220 can include a pair of side members 222, wherein each side member 222 is rotatably coupled to an associated one of the rear ladder frames 114. The side members 222 can extend a majority of the length of the rear ladder frames 114. In one embodiment, a cross member 224 can extend between and couple to the side members 222. When the ladder frame member 220 is in a Figures 19 to 21 , at least some of the cross members 224 can be spaced apart from one another so that they are positioned adjacent to the associated rear steps 116. These cross members 224 can serve as "depth extensions" for the rear steps 116, providing increased surface area on which a user can stand.

[0190] like Figure 22 As seen in FIG, the ladder frame member 220 can be rotated upward relative to the rear ladder frame 114 so that a majority (e.g., half or more) of the ladder frame member 220 extends upward above the top cover 110. The ladder frame member 220 can be locked relative to the first and second assemblies 102 and 112 (e.g., by a detent mechanism, a latch, a locking hinge, an interference fit with the top cover 110, or other features) in this position or other positions. When locked in Figure 22 , the ladder frame member 220 provides a stabilizing device for the user to grasp while they are, for example, standing on the front step 106. This enables the user to stand on higher steps of the ladder more safely than without such a ladder frame member 220.

[0191] When the sash member 220 is positioned in the "stored" position relative to the rear sash 114, such as Figure 19 As shown in FIG21, the ladder 100 can still be placed in other configurations (such as a straight ladder or a leaning ladder configuration). Figure 23 , the ladder frame member 220 can be rotated with the second assembly 112 relative to the first assembly 102 into a straight ladder configuration in which at least some of the cross members 224 are aligned with the rear steps 116, enabling a user to climb and stand on the rear steps 116 while the cross members 224 provide an increased surface area on which they can stand.

[0192] Brief Reference Figure 24 In other embodiments, similar to reference Figures 19 to 23The ladder frame member 230 of the ladder frame member shown and described in the figure can be associated with the first assembly 102 instead of the second assembly 112. For example, the ladder frame member 230 is pivotally or rotatably coupled to the front ladder frame 104 and can be selectively moved from the front assembly 102 to the ladder frame 104. Figure 24 The position shown in FIG is rotated to an upright position so that a substantial portion thereof extends upward and above the top cover (similar to Figure 22 220). As with Figures 19 to 23 As with the embodiment shown and described, the ladder frame member 230 can include side members 232 and cross members 234 extending between and coupled to the side members 232. At least some of the cross members 234 can be aligned with the associated front steps 106, thereby acting as depth extenders and providing an increased surface area on which a user can stand. As with the ladder frame member 220 described above, the ladder frame member 230 can be locked into different positions by an appropriate mechanism.

[0193] Now refer to Figures 25A to 38 , the hinge assembly 120 is shown. The hinge assembly 120 includes a first mounting leg 250 and a second mounting leg 252. In some embodiments, the first mounting leg 250 can be configured for fixed coupling with the first assembly 102 (e.g., directly coupled to the associated front ladder sash 104). The second mounting leg 252 can be configured for fixed coupling with the second assembly (e.g., directly coupled to the associated rear ladder sash 114). As will be described below, the first leg 250 and the second leg 252 can selectively rotate relative to each other about an axis 240 and can be locked relative to each other in a variety of different positions.

[0194] Figure 27 An exploded view of the hinge assembly 120 and its various components, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is depicted. In one embodiment, the first leg 250 may include a plate member 250A and a locking ring 250B fixedly coupled thereto. Similarly, the second leg 252 may include a plate member 252A and a locking ring 252B fixedly coupled thereto. A gear member 256 (e.g., a member having one or more protruding cogs 258 extending from its periphery) and a biasing member (such as a spring 260) are positioned between the two locking rings 250B and 252B. The gear member 256 includes a shaft member 262 that extends along the rotational axis 240 of the hinge assembly 120 and, in some embodiments, may extend at least partially through an opening in the second locking ring 252B. In other embodiments, the second locking ring 252B may not have an opening, and the shaft 262 may not extend beyond the second locking ring 252B.

[0195] Hinge pin 264 extends along rotational axis 240 through openings in plates 250A and 250B, locking rings 252A and 252B, and gear member 256. A nut 266 or other fastener may be coupled to pin 264 to couple the components together.

[0196] A detent member or mechanism can be associated with the gear member 256 to retain the gear member 256 in a desired position along the axis 240 between the two locking rings 252A and 252B, as will be described in further detail below. In some embodiments, the detent mechanism can include an annular coil spring 268 (sometimes referred to as a canted spring) positioned in a recessed portion of the second locking plate 252B adjacent to the associated plate member 252A (although other configurations are contemplated for the location of the spring and associated structure). The actuation button 270 can have a first portion 270A located exterior to the first plate member 250A and have at least another portion 270B thereof (e.g., an axial finger) extending through the plate member 250A and the retainer member 171 (also located within the second locking plate 252B). Figure 26 ) and is configured to establish contact with the gear member 256. In addition to the pin 264 and nut 266, various fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, rivets, clips, washers, etc.) can be used to couple the components of the hinge assembly together.

[0197] In operation, the two legs 250 and 252 can be locked at a given angular orientation relative to each other, such as in Figure 25A and 25B or in various other locations. Figures 28 to 31 As shown in , when the hinge assembly 120 is in the locked state, the gear member 256 is axially positioned so that one or more of its cogs 258 are partially disposed in the associated recess 272 of the first locking ring 250B and partially disposed in the associated recess 274 of the second locking ring 252B - the two recesses 272 and 274 being aligned with each other. Thus, the cogs 258 provide an interference structure, thereby preventing the first and second locking rings 250B, 252B from rotating relative to each other about the axis 240. Figure 28 As best seen in FIG, when in the locked position, the gear member 256 is axially biased against the inner surface 276 of the first locking ring 250B by the biasing spring 260. The biasing spring 260 can be positioned between the second locking ring 252B and the gear member 256 and, in some embodiments, is concentrically positioned about the shaft member 262 of the gear member 256.

[0198] Reference Figure 32 and Figure 33When the user desires to unlock the hinge 120 and rotate the leg members 250 and 252 to a different relative position, a force is applied to the button 270 in an axial direction toward the gear member 256, as indicated by arrow 280. This force overcomes the biasing force of the spring 260 and achieves displacement of the button 270 toward the second locking ring 252B, and thus achieves displacement of the gear member 256 toward the second locking ring 252B. For example, Figure 32 and Figure 28 For comparison, Figure 32 250B. Similarly, the gap 282 between the gear member 256 and the inner surface 276 of the first locking ring 250B is shown in FIG. Figure 32 The gap shown in Figure 33 The gap 282 is enlarged in FIG. 2 to illustrate a further displacement of the gear member 256 along the axis 240 away from the inner surface 276 of the first locking ring. Figure 32 and Figure 33 , one can see that the shaft member 262 is displaced along the axis 240 through the opening 284 of the second locking ring 252B and toward the second plate member 252A.

[0199] Reference Figures 34 to 37 When the gear member 256 has been sufficiently displaced along the axis 240, the cog 258 becomes axially displaced and disengages the recess 272 of the first locking ring 250B while being further displaced into the recess 274 of the second locking ring 252B. Figure 36 and Figure 37 As shown in FIG, the cog 258 can be completely positioned within the recess 274 of the second locking ring 252B, while Figure 34 Gear member 256 is shown axially positioned to contact inner surface 290 of second locking ring 252B. Of course, other configurations are contemplated in which the cogs are disengaged from recess 272 of first locking ring 250B without necessarily abutting any axial surface (e.g., inner surface 290) of second locking ring 252B.

[0200] When in this position, the shaft member 262 has been displaced so that the first ramp portion 292 is displaced through the opening 284 of the second locking ring 252B and over the annular spring 268 (which may be axially held in place by a washer or other structure), which radially contracts around the annular recess 294 of the shaft and abuts against a shoulder 296 positioned between the ramp portion 292 and the recess. The annular spring thus holds the shaft member 262 and the gear member 256 in place. Figures 34 to 37268 (thereby keeping the hinge assembly "unlocked") until action is taken to release the shaft member 262 and the gear member 256 from this position, as will be described below. Note that the configuration of the shaft member 262 and the annular spring 268 acts as a pawl or pawl-like mechanism in retaining the gear member 256 in the desired position until a prescribed force is applied to the gear member to release it. In other embodiments, other locking mechanisms (including other pawl arrangements) may be used to retain the gear member 256 in the desired position during operation of the hinge.

[0201] Reference Figure 38 , the first locking ring 250B may include a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially inwardly extending protrusions 300, each of which may include a pair of ramped or angled surfaces 302. One or more of the cogs 258 of the gear member 256 may additionally include chamfers 304 (which may be referred to as circumferentially oriented chamfers) formed at or near their radially outermost extents, which are positioned and oriented to engage the ramped surfaces 302. When the hinge assembly 120 is in the unlocked state (e.g., see Figures 34 to 37 ) and as the leg members 250 and 252 rotate relative to each other, the ramp surface 302 of the radial protrusion 300 engages the cog 258 (e.g., with the chamfered portion 304), thereby pushing the gear member 256 axially back toward the first locking ring 250B until the shaft member 262 is retracted a sufficient distance to be released from the annular spring 262 (placing the gear member 256 in a position similar to Figure 33 252 relative to each other, some of the recesses 272 of the first locking ring 250B become aligned with the cogs 258 of the gear member 256, and the spring 260 forces the gear member 256 further axially toward the first locking ring 250B, thereby locking the two leg members 250 and 252 from moving relative to each other. The hinge 120 can be repeatedly unlocked, rotated, and locked using a similar sequence of events, thereby enabling the leg members 250 and 252 to be selectively locked in a variety of different relative positions, including those corresponding to a stepladder configuration, a straight ladder configuration, and a leaning ladder or storage ladder configuration.

[0202] Note that in other embodiments, other hinge assemblies may be used with the ladder 100. Other non-limiting examples of hinges that may be used with the ladders described herein are set forth in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 622,343, filed June 14, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 514,348, filed June 2, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0203] Reference Figures 39 to 43, a foot 132 is shown according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The foot 132 may include a body portion 320 having an opening 322 formed therein to receive a portion of a ladder frame (e.g., the ladder frame 114 of the second assembly 112). In one embodiment, the opening 322 may be configured to receive a ladder frame having a rectangular or square profile, such as Figure 39 In other embodiments, the opening may be configured to receive other profiles or cross-sectional shapes, including, for example, ladder stiles having a C-shaped or H-shaped cross-sectional profile.

[0204] The foot includes a first surface engaging portion 324, which may be referred to as a horizontal surface engaging portion, and a second surface engaging portion 326, which may be referred to as a vertical surface engaging portion. Each of the first surface engaging portion 324 and the second surface engaging portion 326 may be configured to engage a support surface and inhibit movement of the foot 132 (and, therefore, the ladder) relative to the support surface. The surface engaging portions 324 and 326 may include various surfaces having grooves, ribs, or other adhesion friction features formed therein. For example, the first surface engaging portion 324 may include a plurality of ribs or ridges 328 extending across the width "W" of the foot 132 (e.g., extending in a direction parallel to or substantially parallel to the axis of the two feet 132 extending through the ladder 100). Adjacent ridges or ribs 328 may define parallel grooves extending therebetween. Thus, when the ladder 100 is in the stepladder position (e.g., as Figure 41 ), the first surface engaging portion 324 will help to resist sliding or slipping relative to the ground or other supporting surface in a direction substantially perpendicular to the length of the ribs or ridges 328. Note that the overall surface geometry of the first surface engaging portion 324 can be arcuate, such as shown in the figures, or can be generally flat or planar, or exhibit some other geometry.

[0205] Additionally, in one embodiment, the second surface engaging surface 326 can include a plurality of ribs or ridges 330 extending along a length "L" in a direction substantially perpendicular to the ribs or ridges 328 of the first surface engaging portion 324. Note that the second surface engaging portion 326 can extend the entire height of the adjacent rear wall 346. In other words, the second surface engaging portion 326 can extend downward from the substantially upper end of the leg 132 (along the plane in which the opening 322 is located) to the first surface engaging portion 324.

[0206] The second set of ribs or ridges 330 may also define generally parallel grooves between adjacent ridges 330 and be configured to prevent or hinder sliding or slipping relative to a vertical wall or other support surface in a direction substantially perpendicular to the length of the ribs or ridges 330. Thus, when the ladder 100 is in the straight ladder configuration ( Figure 42 and Figure 43 ), the second surface engaging portion 326 can rest against the wall (or other supporting structure) and prevent "sideways" sliding along the surface of the wall. Of course, other anti-slip features and other orientations or arrangements of anti-slip features are also contemplated as being formed in the surface engaging portion (e.g., a pattern of raised protrusions having circular, diamond, or other polygonal geometries).

[0207] Body 320 may be defined by spaced-apart side walls 340 and 342, a front wall 344 extending between the side walls, and a rear wall 346 spaced from front wall 344 and extending between the side walls (note that "front" and "rear" are used merely for convenience in designating the different walls and should not be considered limiting). A thickened portion 348 (also referred to as a bumper portion) is positioned adjacent to rear wall 346 of body 320. Similarly, a thickened or bumper portion 350 may be positioned at the bottom of leg 132, opposite opening 322, and below the bottom (not shown) of body 320, coupled to at least one of walls (340, 342, 344, 346) or any combination thereof (including all of them). Thickened or bumper portions 348 and 350 may comprise a material that is softer and more flexible than the material of body 320 (e.g., walls 340, 342, 344, 346, and the bottom). In some embodiments, thickened portions 348 and 350 may comprise a non-marking rubberized or elastomeric material overmolded onto a plastic body material. In other embodiments, the entire foot 132 may be formed as a unitary, uniform component (or substantially a unitary, uniform component) comprising a non-marking rubberized or elastomeric material. The ridges and grooves of surface-engaging portions 324 and 326 may be formed in the surfaces of thickened portions 348 and 350, respectively.

[0208] The second surface engaging portion 326 (associated with a thickened or cushioned portion 348 located along the rear wall 346 of the body 320) can be configured to present a surface that is oriented at a desired angle relative to the longitudinal length of the ladder frame to which it is coupled. Thus, for example, when the ladder 100 is in the straight ladder configuration and placed against a wall or other vertical support surface 360 (e.g., Figure 42), the second surface engaging portion 326 can form a projected angle α relative to the rear surface 362 of the associated rear ladder sash 114. In some embodiments, angle α can be between approximately 13 and 17 degrees. In some embodiments, angle α can be between approximately 14 and 16 degrees. In one embodiment, angle α can be approximately 15 degrees. In other words, the second surface engaging portion 326 can be angled such that a surface plane of the second surface engaging portion 326 is parallel or substantially parallel to the vertical support surface 360 when the ladder is positioned against the vertical support at a desired angle.

[0209] In some embodiments, the legs 132 can be coupled to the rear ladder sash 114 via fasteners (e.g., rivets, screws, etc.). In other embodiments, the legs 132 can be coupled to the rear ladder sash 114 via an adhesive. In other embodiments, the legs 132 can be coupled to the rear ladder sash 114 via a press fit, an interference fit, or via overmolding techniques. In one embodiment, the legs 132 can be coupled to the rear ladder sash 114 using the techniques and configurations described in U.S. Provisional Patent No. 62 / 732,997, filed on September 18, 2018, entitled “COMBINATION LADDERS AND FOOT FOR COMBINATION LADDERS,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0210] Now refer to Figure 44 , showing an accessory 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the accessory 400 can be configured as shown in U.S. Design Patent Application No. 29 / 667,357, filed on October 19, 2018, entitled “Accessory for Ladder,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0211] The accessory 400 may include various features, including, for example, hooks, slots, and / or openings (generally designated 402) for placing or attaching tools or other components therein (e.g., a screwdriver, a hammer handle, a lanyard attached to a power tool, a cord, etc.), recesses 404 for holding tools or supplies (e.g., nails or screws), and / or features for coupling the accessory to the top cover. In one embodiment, a recess may be formed for holding a tablet or smartphone or other type of communication device. For example, Figure 44As shown in FIG, one of the recesses (404A) may exhibit a shape and size for holding a cup or paint can, but may also include an adjacent recess 406 on a first side and one or more notches 408 aligned with the recess 406, the recesses and notches being collectively and cooperatively sized and shaped to receive an electronic tablet or smart phone, thereby enabling the tablet or smart phone to be positioned or propped up in a viewing mode for a user to view or observe (e.g., watch a "how to" video) while standing on the ladder.

[0212] The accessory 400 may include a pair of recesses or notches 410 formed in the body for receiving a ladder sash (eg, ladder sash 114 of the second assembly 112) for coupling the accessory 400 to the ladder. Figures 45 to 48 , the accessory 400 can be coupled to the ladder sash 114 of the second assembly 112 adjacent the leg 132 of the second assembly 112. In some cases, the accessory 400 can be positioned adjacent the rung 116 closest to the leg 132. For example, the accessory 400 can be removably coupled to the sash 114 of the second assembly 112 (using a removable screw, bolt, or latch arrangement) and then used or removed as needed by a user of the ladder. In some cases, the accessory 400 can be positioned adjacent to the rung 116 or even in place of such a rung and effectively secured to the sash 114 of the second assembly 112 such that the user cannot easily remove the accessory 400 in a non-destructive manner (e.g., by drilling through rivets or other fasteners or by breaking an adhesive or material bond between the accessory and the sash). Thus, when the ladder 100 is in the stepladder configuration ( Figure 45 ) or storage structure ( Figure 46 ), the accessory is positioned toward the "bottom" of the second component 112. Additionally, as Figure 45 and Figure 46 As seen in FIG. 1 , the size, shape, and position of the accessory 400 are configured so that when placed in the storage position ( Figure 45 ), the accessory 400 does not interfere between the second component 112 and the first component 102.

[0213] refer to Figures 47 to 49 When the ladder 100 is in the extended position, the accessory may be positioned near the foot 132 , adjacent to the uppermost rung 116 (eg, between the uppermost rung 116 and the foot 132 ).

[0214] Attachment 400 may include various features for engaging a support surface (e.g., a wall, a post, or other structure). For example, attachment 400 may include a first pair of angled engagement surfaces 420A and 420B positioned and oriented to define an interior angle of a desired magnitude (e.g., approximately 90 degrees) therebetween. The attachment may also include a second pair of engagement surfaces 422A and 422B positioned and oriented to define an exterior angle of a desired magnitude (e.g., approximately 90 degrees). A third set of engagement surfaces 424A and 424B may be located between associated ones of the angled engagement surfaces (e.g., engagement surface 424A between angled surfaces 420A and 422A).

[0215] When the ladder 100 is used in the extended configuration, the ladder 100 can be leaned against an outside corner of a wall, such that the first pair of engagement surfaces 420A and 420B each engage an adjacent wall forming an outside corner (as described above with respect to the embodiment of the top cover), thereby providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and allowing the user to move laterally closer to the wall. Furthermore, when the ladder 100 is leaning against an inside corner of a wall, the second pair of engagement surfaces 420A and 420B each engage an adjacent wall forming an inside corner (as described above with respect to the embodiment of the top cover), again providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and allowing the user to move laterally closer to the wall. Similarly, when the ladder 100 is leaning against a flat wall or support structure, the third engagement surfaces 424A and 424B can engage the flat surface to provide stable support.

[0216] In some embodiments, the engagement surfaces can be configured with ribs and grooves to provide traction or gripping surfaces. In some embodiments, additional pads or cushions can be placed on each of the engagement surfaces. Thus, the engagement surfaces can be configured to provide added traction or stability when engaging a support surface, as well as to avoid damaging or marking the support surface with which they engage.

[0217] In addition, a notch or recess 426 can be positioned in the center of the attachment, between the first angled engagement surfaces 420A and 420B, so that the ladder 100 can be supported against a vertical support structure, such as a stud of a framed wall (e.g., a vertically oriented 2×4 or 2×6), by positioning the stud within the notch or recess 426, thereby providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and enabling a user to move laterally closer to the wall. Thus, in some embodiments, the channel 426 can be configured to exhibit a width of approximately 1.5 inches or slightly greater (e.g., approximately 1.5625 to approximately 1.625 inches) between its side walls, thereby providing a snug fit within the channel 426 for a standardized stud.

[0218] Now refer to Figures 50 to 53 , a ladder 100 is shown according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The ladder 100 can be constructed generally similar to the other embodiments described herein, but also includes a height-adjustable top cover 110. The top cover 110 is coupled to a pair of extension members 440. Each extension member 440 is slidably coupled to an upper portion of an associated front ladder frame 104 of the first assembly 102. In one embodiment, the sliding member 440 can be at least partially disposed within a channel or recess formed by the front ladder frame 104 (e.g., in a hollow portion that can form a c-shaped channel of the ladder frame). A locking mechanism 442 can be used to selectively lock the extension member 440 in a desired position relative to the front ladder frame 104. For example, in one embodiment, the locking mechanism can include a pin that extends through its associated front ladder frame 104 and selectively extends into and retracts out of an opening or recess formed in the extension member 440. Thus, the top cover 110 can be locked in a folded or retracted position, such as Figure 50 and Figure 51 , so that the ladder functions similarly to the previous embodiments. However, the user can selectively actuate the locking mechanism 442 to release the extension member 440, shift the top cover upward to the extended position, and then release or re-actuate the locking mechanism 442 to selectively lock the top cover in the new extended position, as shown in FIG. Figure 52 and Figure 53 Of course, the top cover can be positioned and selectively locked in Figures 50 to 53 Various additional heights between the two positions shown (e.g., partial extensions).

[0219] When placed in an extended position (such as Figure 52 and Figure 53 ), the top cover 110 can be used as a work surface for a user standing on the upper step 106 of the first assembly 102 or as a stabilizing structure. Figure 52 and Figure 53As shown in FIG, the uppermost step 106 of the first assembly 102 can be configured to have an increased surface area for a user to stand on. For example, the uppermost step 106 can include a portion 106A that extends beyond the edge of the front stile 104 of the first assembly 102 and extends toward the second assembly 112. In some embodiments, the increased surface area of the step 106 and the highly extended top cover 110 can provide a more comfortable and / or more stable structure to work from.

[0220] Now refer to Figures 54 to 57 According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a roof 110 is shown and described having a second body portion 460 or attachment. The roof 110 can include a first body portion 182 coupled to the front ladder frame 104 (or to an extension member such as described above) and a second body portion 460 (which can include a removable attachment). The first body portion 182 is coupled to the front ladder frame 104 (or to an extension member such as described above), and the second body portion 460 is selectively positionable (and lockable) relative to the first body portion 182. For example, the second body portion 460 can be positioned in a first position such that a surface 462 (on which a cushion or pad 464 can be located) is positioned generally adjacent to the rear face 188 of the first body portion 182. Note that in some embodiments, the surface 462 and the adjacent rear face 188 can be angled relative to each other (e.g., an angle greater than 180 degrees when measured from the surface 462 to the rear face 188), as has been described with respect to other embodiments herein. In some embodiments, when in the straight or extended configuration, the rear face 188 may be angled so that it bears against the surface of the rear rung 116, thereby providing increased strength and rigidity to the ladder 100. In other embodiments, there may be a gap or small space between the rear face 188 and the adjacent rear rung 116.

[0221] In some embodiments, the second body portion 460 can be pivotally coupled to the first body portion 182 via a pivot structure (e.g., such as associated with the locking button 190 described previously herein) such that the second body portion 460 can be rotated to at least a second position relative to the first body portion 182. Figure 55 ), the second portion 184 can be locked in place relative to the first portion 182.

[0222] like Figure 55As seen in FIG, when the second body portion 460 is rotated to the second position, various features of the second body portion 460 can protrude outwardly from the rear face 188 of the first body portion 182. For example, the second body portion 460 can include a pair of protruding bodies or structures 470, thereby providing a first pair of angled engagement surfaces 472A and 472B, a second pair of angled engagement surfaces 474A and 474B, and a channel 476 adjacent to and between the first pair of engagement surfaces 472A and 472B (see also FIG. Figure 57 ).

[0223] When the second body portion 460 is selectively locked in the second position by the locking button 190 (or by other suitable mechanisms or structures, such as a detent mechanism, a latch, a friction arrangement, etc.), the first pair of angled engagement surfaces 472A and 472B can be positioned and oriented to define an inner angle of a desired size (e.g., approximately 90 degrees) therebetween. The second pair of engagement surfaces 474A and 474B can be positioned and oriented to define an outer angle of a desired size (e.g., approximately 90 degrees). In some embodiments, a cushion or pad can be placed on the engagement surface.

[0224] As with the previously described embodiments, when used in the leaning configuration, the ladder 100 can be leaned against an outside wall corner such that the first pair of engagement surfaces 472A and 472B each engage an adjacent wall forming the outside corner, thereby providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and allowing a user to move laterally closer to the wall. Additionally, the ladder 100 can be leaned against an inside wall corner such that the second pair of engagement surfaces 474A and 474B each engage an adjacent wall forming the inside corner, thereby again providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and allowing a user to move laterally closer to the wall.

[0225] Further, when used in the leaning configuration, the ladder 100 can be supported against a vertical support structure, such as a stud or post or pole of a framed wall (e.g., a vertically oriented 2x4, 2x6, etc.), by positioning the stud within the channel 476, thereby providing balance and stability to the ladder 100 and enabling the user to get closer to the wall laterally. Thus, in some embodiments, the channel 476 can be configured to exhibit a width between its sidewalls of approximately 1.5 inches or slightly greater (e.g., approximately 1.5625 to approximately 1.625 inches), thereby providing a snug fit within the channel 476 for a standardized stud.

[0226] When the second body portion 460 is in the first position (see Figure 54), the pads 464 and / or surface 462 can rest against a generally planar support surface to provide stability to the ladder 100 when in the leaning configuration.

[0227] like Figure 56 and Figure 57 , it is additionally noted that the protruding body or structure 470 can be configured as a container having a substantially hollow interior space 480 or cavity and a removable lid 482. In one embodiment, the lid 482 can be coupled to the protruding structure 470 via a hinge 484. Thus, the second body portion 460 can serve a variety of functions, including providing a convenient storage space for supplies, tools, or other resources, which can remain within the container even when the ladder 100 is not in use or is being transported or stored.

[0228] Reference Figures 58 to 61 , a foot 132 is shown according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The foot 132 may include a body portion 500 having an opening 502 formed therein to receive a portion of a ladder sash (e.g., the ladder sash 114 of the second assembly 112). In one embodiment, the opening 502 may be configured to receive a ladder sash having a rectangular or square profile. In other embodiments, the opening may be configured to receive ladder sashes having other profiles or cross-sectional shapes, including, for example, ladder sashes having a C-shaped or H-shaped cross-sectional profile.

[0229] The foot 132 includes a first surface engaging portion 504 (which may be referred to as a horizontal surface engaging portion), a second surface engaging portion 506 (which may be referred to as a planar vertical surface engaging portion), and a third surface engaging portion 508 (which may be referred to as an angled or corner surface engaging portion). Each of the first surface engaging portion 504, the second surface engaging portion 506, and the third surface engaging portion 508 may be configured to engage a support surface and inhibit movement of the foot 132 (and, therefore, the ladder) relative to the support surface. The surface engaging portions 504, 506, and 508 may include various surfaces having grooves, ribs, or other traction features formed therein. For example, the first surface engaging portion 504 may include a plurality of ribs or ridges 510 extending across the width "W" of the body 500 (e.g., extending in a direction parallel to or substantially parallel to the axis extending through the two legs 132 of the ladder 100). Adjacent ridges or ribs 510 may define parallel grooves extending therebetween. Thus, when the ladder 100 is in the stepladder position, the first surface engaging portion 504 will help prevent slipping or sliding relative to the ground or other supporting surface in a direction substantially perpendicular to the length of the ribs or ridges 510. Note that the overall surface geometry of the first surface engaging portion 504 can be planar (with the peaks of the ridges extending to a common plane) (as shown in the figures), or can be generally curved, or exhibit some other geometric shape.

[0230] Additionally, in one embodiment, the second engaging surface 506 can include a plurality of ribs or ridges 512 extending along a length "L" in a direction substantially perpendicular to the ribs or ridges 510 of the first surface engaging portion 504. In one embodiment, the second surface engaging portion 506 can extend downwardly from a generally upper end of the leg 132 (along the plane of the opening 502) to the first surface engaging portion 504.

[0231] The second set of ribs or ridges 512 may also define generally parallel grooves between adjacent ridges 512 and be configured to prevent or hinder sliding or slipping relative to a vertical wall or other supporting surface in a direction substantially perpendicular to the length of the ribs or ridges 512. Thus, when the ladder 100 is in the straight ladder configuration (such as previously described above with respect to the vertical ladder configuration), the second set of ribs or ridges 512 may also define generally parallel grooves between adjacent ridges 512 and be configured to prevent or hinder sliding or slipping relative to a vertical wall or other supporting surface in a direction substantially perpendicular to the length of the ribs or ridges 512. Figure 42 and Figure 43 As described above, the second surface engaging portion 506 can rest against a wall (or other supporting structure) and prevent "sideways" sliding along the surface of the wall. Of course, other anti-slip features and other orientations or arrangements of anti-slip features are also contemplated as being formed in the surface engaging portion (e.g., a pattern of raised protrusions having circular, diamond, or other polygonal geometries).

[0232] The third engaging surface 508 can be oriented generally at an angle relative to the second engaging surface 506. For example, in one embodiment, the third engaging surface 508 can be oriented generally at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the second engaging surface. In one embodiment, the third engaging surface 508 can include a plurality of ribs or ridges 514 extending along its length in a direction substantially parallel to the ribs or ridges 512 of the second surface engaging portion 504. In one embodiment, the third surface engaging portion 508 can extend downward from the generally upper end of the leg 132 (along the plane of the opening 502) to the first surface engaging portion 504.

[0233] The third set of ribs or ridges 514 may also define generally parallel grooves between adjacent ridges 514 and be configured to inhibit or resist sliding or slipping relative to a vertical wall or other support surface in a direction generally perpendicular to the length of the ribs or ridges 514. In one embodiment, the feet 132 may be positioned on the rear sash 114 of the ladder so that the third engagement surfaces 508 face generally inwardly (toward each other) such that when the ladder is in the straight configuration, the third engagement surfaces 508 may engage an adjacent wall 516 (or other support structure) forming an outer 90 degree angle, e.g., Figure 60 In another embodiment, the legs 132 can be positioned on the rear stile 114 of the ladder so that the third engagement surfaces 508 face generally outward (toward each other) such that when the ladder is in the straight configuration, the third engagement surfaces 508 can engage an adjacent wall 518 (or other support structure) forming an interior 90-degree angle, as shown in FIG. Figure 61 The legs 132 are removable from the rear stile 114 to accommodate changes in the engagement of the interior and exterior corners.

[0234] In other embodiments, the foot 132 may include a fourth engagement surface positioned such that the second engagement surface 506 is located between the third engagement surface 508 and the fourth engagement surface. The fourth engagement surface may be configured substantially similarly to the third engagement surface 508 and oriented substantially at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the third engagement surface such that a single foot may be used to engage a flat, vertically planar surface (see FIG. Figure 42 ), external angles (see Figure 60 ) and internal angles (see Figure 61 ).

[0235] For embodiments having three or four (or more) engagement surfaces, the legs 132 may be generally configured similarly to those described above with respect to Figures 39 to 42 A foot described in terms of material, wall section, thickening or buffering, etc.

[0236] refer to Figures 62 to 64, the ladder 100 is shown having a deployer structure 540. The deployer structure 540 may include a generally U-shaped rod or hoop having a pair of laterally spaced legs 542 and an end or connecting leg 544 extending between the laterally spaced legs 542. Each of the laterally spaced legs 542 may have its end 546 hingedly or pivotally coupled to the first assembly 102 via an associated bracket 548. The deployer structure may include a laterally outwardly extending bend 550 formed in each of the laterally spaced legs 542. The connecting leg 544 may have a discrete section 552 configured to exhibit a width that is less than the width of the space between the rear ladder sashes 114. When the ladder 100 is in the stepladder configuration, such as Figure 62 As shown in FIG, the deployant structure 540 extends rearwardly from the first assembly 102 and surrounds the second assembly 112. The deployant structure 540 serves to reinforce the locking hinge mechanism 120 and prevent the second assembly 112 from splaying relative to the first assembly 102. If the second assembly 112 attempts to splay relative to the first assembly 102, the connecting portion 544 will catch on a portion of an abutting bracket 560 that protrudes rearwardly from the rear surface of the rear stile 114, preventing the deployant structure from sliding further upwardly on the rear stile 114, thereby preventing the second assembly 112 from splaying relative to the first assembly 102 when the ladder 100 is in the stepladder configuration.

[0237] Thus, in the case of larger ladders (eg, 8-foot ladders or taller when in a stepladder configuration), the spreader structure 540 can provide additional strength and stability to the ladder 100 .

[0238] like Figure 63 As seen in FIG, when the ladder 100 is in the leaning or storage configuration, the deployer structure 540 pivots to fold against the second assembly 112, with the separate portion 552 connecting the legs 544 extending between the rear stiles 114. Additionally, when the ladder 100 is in the straight ladder configuration, as shown Figure 64 , the deployer structure 540 pivots upwardly so that the laterally extending curved portion 550 passes over the hinge mechanism 120 (and any associated brackets). Again, the discrete portion 552 connecting the legs 544 extends between the rear stiles 114. Thus, the deployer structure 540 can automatically pivot as the ladder 100 transitions from the straight ladder configuration to the stepladder configuration and then to the leaning configuration.

[0239] Now refer to Figures 65 to 68, a ladder 600 is shown according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The ladder 600 is constructed generally as described with respect to the ladder 100 described above, including a first assembly 102 coupled to a second assembly 112 via a hinge 120. The ladder 600 may further include a top cover 110 and other features such as those described above. However, the second assembly 112 may be configured to have an inner ladder frame assembly 602 having a pair of ladder frames 604 and a plurality of rungs 606 and an outer ladder frame assembly 612 having a pair of ladder frames 614 and a plurality of rungs 616. The outer assembly 612 is slidably coupled to the inner ladder frame assembly 602. Thus, the inner ladder frame assembly 602 and the outer ladder frame assembly 612 may be folded, such as Figure 65 (and Figure 66 ), most, if not all, of the steps 606 of the inner ladder frame assembly 602 and most, if not all, of the steps 616 of the outer ladder frame assembly 612 are aligned in pairs so as to act as a single "step" when a user stands on the steps 606 and 616.

[0240] The outer component 612 may extend from the inner component 602, such as Figure 67 and 68 , to adjust the length of the second assembly 612. For example, when in the stepladder configuration, the second assembly 612 can be extended for use on stairs or some other uneven support surface. Additionally, when in the straight ladder or extended configuration, such as Figure 68 , second assembly 602 can be extended to achieve a greater height. Second assembly 612 can be adjusted to several different heights, where each height corresponds to an adjustment increment equal to the spacing between adjacent rungs (e.g., between adjacent rungs 606 of inner assembly 602 or between adjacent rungs 616 of outer assembly 612).

[0241] The adjustment mechanism 620 (also referred to as a locking mechanism) can be used to selectively release the outer ladder frame assembly 612 from the inner ladder frame assembly 602 and selectively lock or maintain the inner and outer ladder frame assemblies 602 and 612 relative to each other. Examples of locking mechanisms and related inner / outer assembly configurations are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 8,186,481, issued on May 29, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0242] Although the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed. Additionally, the features, components, and elements of one embodiment may be combined with the features, components, and elements of other embodiments without limitation. The present invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A ladder comprising: A first component, the first component comprising: The first pair of spaced stiles, a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder stiles, A second component, the second component comprising: The second pair of spaced stiles, a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first component to the second component; A top cover, comprising: a first body portion coupled to the first assembly; and a second body portion pivotally coupled to the first body portion and pivotable between a first position relative to the first body portion and a second position relative to the first body portion, the second body portion being lockable in at least the first position; the second body portion including a substantially planar surface and at least a pair of angled engagement surfaces; wherein, when in the first position, the second body portion is angled relative to the first body portion so that the substantially planar surface engages a vertical support structure, and Wherein, when in the second position, the second body is angled relative to the first body portion so that the at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces engages a vertical support structure.

2. The ladder according to claim 1, wherein The second body includes at least one tank.

3. The ladder according to claim 2, wherein: The at least one can includes a lid hingedly coupled to a body of the at least one can.

4. The ladder according to claim 1, wherein The top cover includes a pair of channels formed in the first body portion, the pair of channels including a first channel adjacent a first side of the second body portion and a second channel adjacent a second side of the second body portion, wherein the pair of channels are configured to receive portions of the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles when the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles are rotated to a position such that they extend upwardly beyond the top cover and are substantially parallel to the first pair of spaced apart ladder stiles.

5. The ladder according to claim 1, wherein The at least one pair of angled surfaces forms a 90 degree interior angle.

6. The ladder according to claim 1, wherein The at least one pair of angled surfaces forms a 90 degree exterior angle.

7. The ladder according to claim 6, wherein The second body portion also includes a second pair of angled surfaces forming a 90 degree interior angle.

8. The ladder according to claim 7, wherein The second body portion also includes a channel disposed between the first protruding member and the second protruding member.

9. The ladder according to claim 8, wherein The channel exhibits a width of about 1.5 to about 1.625 inches.

10. A ladder comprising: A first component, the first component comprising: The first pair of spaced stiles, a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder stiles, A second component, the second component comprising: The second pair of spaced stiles, a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first component to the second component; A top cover, comprising: a first body portion coupled to the first assembly; and a second body portion coupled to the first body portion and capable of pivoting relative to the first body portion between a first position and a second position, the second body portion having: a first end having a substantially planar surface, and a second end having at least a pair of angled engagement surfaces, the second end being positioned on the second body portion opposite the first end; wherein, when in said first position, said second body portion presents said substantially planar surface for engagement with a vertical support structure, and Wherein, when in the second position, the second body presents the at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces for engaging with a vertical support structure.

11. The ladder according to claim 10, wherein The second body includes at least one tank.

12. The ladder according to claim 11, wherein The at least one can includes a lid hingedly coupled to a body of the at least one can.

13. The ladder according to claim 10, wherein The top cover includes a pair of channels formed in the first body portion, the pair of channels including a first channel adjacent a first side of the second body portion and a second channel adjacent a second side of the second body portion, wherein the pair of channels are configured to receive portions of the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles when the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles are rotated to a position such that they extend upwardly beyond the top cover and are substantially parallel to the first pair of spaced apart ladder stiles.

14. The ladder according to claim 10, wherein The at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces forms a 90 degree interior angle.

15. The ladder according to claim 10, wherein The at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces forms a 90 degree exterior angle.

16. The ladder according to claim 15, wherein The second body portion also includes a second pair of angled engagement surfaces forming a 90 degree interior angle.

17. The ladder according to claim 10, wherein The second body portion also includes a channel disposed between angled engagement surfaces of the pair of angled engagement surfaces.

18. The ladder according to claim 10, wherein The second body portion is rotatable approximately 180 degrees relative to the first body portion between the first position and the second position.

19. A ladder comprising: A first component, the first component comprising: The first pair of spaced stiles, a plurality of rungs extending between and coupled to the first pair of spaced-apart ladder stiles, A second component, the second component comprising: The second pair of spaced stiles, a pair of hinges pivotally coupling the first component to the second component; A top cover, comprising: a first body portion coupled to the first assembly; and a second body portion pivotally coupled to the first body portion, the second body portion comprising a substantially planar surface and at least a pair of angled engagement surfaces; wherein, when in the first position, the second body portion presents the substantially planar surface for engagement with a vertical support structure, and the at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces is positioned below the first body portion; and wherein when in the second position the second body presents the at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces for engagement with a vertical support structure and the substantially planar surface is positioned below the first body portion.

20. The ladder of claim 19, wherein The second body includes at least one tank.

21. The ladder of claim 19, wherein When in the second position, the second body portion is spaced below a top surface of the first body portion.

22. The ladder of claim 19, wherein The top cover includes a pair of channels formed in the first body portion, the pair of channels including a first channel adjacent a first side of the second body portion and a second channel adjacent a second side of the second body portion, wherein the pair of channels are configured to receive portions of the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles when the second pair of spaced apart ladder stiles are rotated to a position such that they extend upwardly beyond the top cover and are substantially parallel to the first pair of spaced apart ladder stiles.

23. The ladder of claim 19, wherein: The at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces forms a 90 degree interior angle.

24. The ladder of claim 19, wherein The at least one pair of angled engagement surfaces forms a 90 degree exterior angle.

25. The ladder of claim 24, wherein The second body portion also includes a second pair of angled engagement surfaces forming a 90 degree interior angle.

26. The ladder of claim 25, wherein The second body portion also includes a channel disposed between angled engagement surfaces of the pair of angled engagement surfaces.

27. The ladder of claim 26, wherein The channel exhibits a width of about 1.5 to about 1.625 inches.

Images