Underground pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of drilling engineering, and particularly discloses an underground pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device which comprises a jet element, a piston cylinder, a one-way valve, a cylinder cover and a spray head. An internal flow channel of the jet flow element is a self-excitation type backflow pulse flow channel, and the piston cylinder is connected with the jet flow element, so that water flow periodically moves in the channel, and an obvious wall attachment effect appears. According to the novel underground pulse jet flow nozzle device, the efficiency of construction operation is remarkably improved, the jet flow strength is improved, pressure pulses are absorbed and buffered, the sealing effect of the nozzle device is improved, the service life of the whole nozzle device is prolonged, the adaptability of the nozzle device in the complex environment is enhanced, and the service life of the nozzle device is prolonged. The jet flow intensity is enhanced, a good rock breaking effect is achieved, the overall stability is improved, and the jet flow jet flow device has important significance in improving the working efficiency of underground operation and improving the safety of the working environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering, in particular to an underground pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device. Background Art

[0002] In view of the increasing difficulty of oil drilling tasks and the complex and changeable underground environment, the nozzles commonly used in current drilling operations are mostly used for hydraulic flushing and cooling the drill bit. However, as hydraulic fracturing nozzles, it is difficult to ensure high jet intensity and good stability because they have to consider many downhole factors and their own performance.

[0003] Among drilling and fracturing equipment, the downhole nozzle device is a very common device. It plays a vital role in the drilling process. It is mainly used for breaking the underground rock formation and cleaning the drill cuttings to prevent clogging of the hole wall and drill bit. It also reduces the wear of the nozzle and drill bit to a certain extent, increases their service life, and ensures the efficiency and safety of drilling work.

[0004] The core of a downhole jet nozzle is the nozzle, and the proper functioning of the nozzle is inseparable from the support of the jet element. The jet element generates high pressure, causing a destructive water jet to be ejected from the nozzle. The water jet impacts the rock, creating cracks that facilitate subsequent fracturing operations. In the field of downhole nozzle design, traditional nozzles typically employ a continuous jet method, whereby the fluid is ejected from the nozzle in a stable, continuous flow state, and is ejected through the nozzle hole at a uniform flow rate and velocity. Although this method of operation can achieve the purpose of rock breaking, it suffers from low efficiency, a high nozzle replacement rate, and high costs for hard rock formations.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device, which can achieve the goals of significantly improving the jet intensity of the downhole nozzle, greatly enhancing the stability and effectively reducing the degree of nozzle wear, and has the advantages of optimizing downhole operation effects and extending the service life of the nozzle.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention proposes a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device, including a pulse jet nozzle, wherein the pulse jet nozzle is composed of a jet element, an outer tube, a piston cylinder, a piston, a one-way valve, a throttle disc, a nozzle, a mounting hole, and a cylinder cover. A self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel is provided inside the jet element, and the self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel is a flow channel formed by two side plates, a bottom plate, a cover plate and a wedge tip, and the piston cylinder is connected to the jet element.

[0008] Preferably, the front end of the nozzle is connected to the high-pressure hose and sealed with a rubber ring; the front end of the outer tube is connected to the sleeve connected to the high-pressure water pump and is fastened in the mounting hole by a connecting component; the throttle disc and the nozzle are connected by threads; and the nozzle adopts a concave design.

[0009] Preferably, the geometric parts of the jet element include a main nozzle, a guide section, a control channel, a feedback channel, an oscillation cavity, and an output channel. The angle between the output channel and the side wall, the angle between the output channel and the horizontal plane, the concave wedge radius, and the wall attachment angle will all produce periodic pulse flow impacts during the jet process.

[0010] Preferably, the main nozzle is funnel-shaped and connected to a high-pressure water pipe for receiving water flow and pressurizing it through a piston cylinder; the diversion section is connected to the nozzle opening.

[0011] Preferably, the control channel is used to control the water flow and divert the water flow to the two side walls; the feedback channel is used to control and adjust the pulse behavior of the jet; the oscillation cavity is connected to the feedback channel and is used to receive the fluid in the feedback channel; the output channel is an output flow channel formed by splicing two side plates, and the lower end of the output channel is connected to the piston cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the piston cylinder consists of a cylinder body and a piston, a channel end is provided on the side of the piston cylinder, the piston is fixedly connected to a piston rod, the piston performs reciprocating motion in the cylinder body, and the cylinder body and the piston constitute the actuator of the pulse jet nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, the piston head is provided with a threaded groove, the interior of the piston is provided with a flow channel, and a one-way valve is installed at the channel end and the flow channel end of the piston; a limit screw is used for the bottom dead point position of the piston, and stroke positioning is performed, and the limit screw structure is composed of a cross countersunk hole and an end thread; the surface of the thick section of the piston is provided with a spiral groove structure, and cooperates with the inner surface of the cylinder body.

[0014] Preferably, the cylinder cover is connected to the inner surface of the cylinder body through threads to form a closed chamber; the lower surface of the jet element and the upper surface of the cylinder structure cooperate with each other and are sealed by threads through three mounting holes.

[0015] Preferably, the cylinder cover blocks the inner hole of the cylinder body of the piston cylinder, the inner hole of the cylinder cover is provided with a spiral groove and is sealed by the thread groove, and the center hole of the cylinder cover and the piston rod are surface-matched to form a kinematic pair.

[0016] Preferably, the jet element, outer tube and nozzle are made of hard alloy; the piston cylinder is made of carbon steel and is nitrided to prevent rust; the piston is hard chrome plated.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention proposes a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The jet element of the present invention adopts a self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel design, which makes the water flow periodically move in the channel, resulting in a significant wall-attached effect, significantly improving the jet strength and rock-breaking effect. This design not only increases the jet strength, but also makes the jet more destructive, able to more effectively impact and break the underground rock formation. Through the synergistic effect of the jet element and the piston cylinder, the water flow is further pressurized during the process of flowing through the device, thereby increasing the impact force and penetration of the jet and further enhancing the rock-breaking effect.

[0019] (2) The device structure of the present invention is rationally designed, the connections between the components are simple and reliable, and it is easy to disassemble and repair. At the same time, the use of standardized connection methods such as threaded connections facilitates the replacement of damaged components and reduces maintenance costs.

[0020] (3) The device provided by the present invention has significant jet strength and rock-breaking effect, thereby enabling faster completion of underground rock fracture work and improving the efficiency of drilling operations. By optimizing the structural design and material selection of the jet element, the present invention effectively reduces the degree of nozzle wear and reduces the frequency of nozzle replacement, thereby reducing operating costs and improving operational safety.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 2. It is a full cross-sectional schematic diagram of a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 1. It is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a jet element used on a cylinder Φ120 type pulse jet nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cylinder structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 1 is a schematic diagram of the piston structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the limit screw structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the nozzle structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a throttle disc provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Reference numerals

[0032] 1. Fluidic element; 2. Outer tube; 3. Piston cylinder; 4. Piston; 5. One-way valve; 6. Throttle disc; 7. Nozzle; 8. Mounting hole; 9. Cylinder head; 10. Main nozzle; 11. Control channel; 12. Feedback channel; 13. Output channel; 14. Guide section; 15. Oscillation chamber; 16. Piston cylinder inlet; 17. Inlet; 18. Piston cylinder upper channel; 19. Cylinder head side channel; 20. Cylinder chamber; 21. Piston cylinder lower channel; 22. Inner thread groove of end cover hole; 23. Outer thread groove of cylinder head; 24. End cover hole; 25. Piston rod end face flow channel opening; 26. Valve body; 27. Piston head thread groove; 28. Piston rod inner flow channel; 29. Cross countersunk hole; 30. End thread; 31. Injection channel; 32. Nozzle male thread; 33. Inner cone of nozzle end face; 34. Throttle disc inlet; 35. Inner thread groove of throttle disc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and purposes of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0035] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the present invention provides an embodiment of a downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device, including a pulse jet nozzle, which is composed of a jet element 1, an outer tube 2, a piston cylinder 3, a piston 4, a one-way valve 5, a throttle disc 6, a nozzle 7, a mounting hole 8, and a cylinder cover 9.

[0036] The jet element 1, outer tube 2 and nozzle 7 are made of cemented carbide, which is resistant to high pressure and wear. The piston cylinder 3 is made of carbon steel and is nitrided to prevent rust. The piston 4 is hard chrome-plated on the surface (thickness is 0.03-0.05mm) to improve the wear resistance of the piston 4 under high-intensity impact. The front end of the nozzle 7 is connected to the high-pressure hose and sealed with a rubber ring. The front end of the outer tube 2 is connected to the sleeve connected to the high-pressure water pump and is fastened to the mounting hole 8 by the connecting component.

[0037] A self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel is provided inside the jet element 1 , and the self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel is composed of two side plates, a bottom plate, a cover plate and a wedge tip. The piston cylinder 3 is connected to the jet element 1 .

[0038] The geometric components of the fluidic element 1 include a main nozzle 10, a flow guide 14, a control channel 11, a feedback channel 12, an oscillation chamber 15, and an output channel 13. The flow guide 14 is connected to the nozzle opening 10. During operation, the fluid is squeezed through the inlet and reaches extremely high velocities in the flow guide. The angles between the output channel 13 and the sidewall, the angle between the output channel 13 and the horizontal plane, the wedge radius, and the wall angle all generate periodic pulsed flow during the jetting process.

[0039] The main nozzle 10 is connected to the high-pressure water pipe and is used to receive water flow and increase pressure through the piston cylinder. The main nozzle 10 has a funnel-shaped structure and is subjected to greater pressure when entering the inlet of the diversion section, thereby achieving extremely high speed.

[0040] The control channel 11 is used to control the water flow and divert the water to the walls on both sides; the feedback channel 12 is used to control and adjust the pulse behavior of the jet; the oscillation cavity 15 is connected to the feedback channel 12 and is used to receive the fluid in the feedback channel; the output channel 13 is an output flow channel formed by splicing the two side plates, and the lower end of the output channel 13 is connected to the piston cylinder 3.

[0041] The piston cylinder 3 consists of a cylinder body and a piston 4. A channel end is provided on the side of the piston cylinder. The piston 4 is fixedly connected to a piston rod. The piston 4 reciprocates in the cylinder body. The cylinder body and the piston 4 constitute the actuator of the pulse jet nozzle.

[0042] The lower surface of the fluidic element 1 and the upper surface of the cylinder structure cooperate with each other and are sealed by three mounting holes 8 using threads.

[0043] A flow channel 28 is provided inside the piston 4, and a one-way valve 5 is installed at both the piston channel end and the flow channel end 28 for the fluid in the piston cylinder 2 to flow in. The thick section of the piston 4 is provided with a spiral groove structure, which cooperates with the inner surface of the cylinder body.

[0044] The end of the channel is provided on the side of the piston cylinder 3, which is used to balance the pressure in the cylinder and discharge excess fluid. The one-way valve 5 is installed at the end channel to ensure that the fluid does not flow back when the fluid pressure disappears or reverses; the end of the flow channel inside the piston rod is equipped with a one-way valve to prevent backflow when the piston moves.

[0045] The bottom dead center of the piston 4 is positioned by a limit screw and is used for stroke positioning. The limit screw structure is composed of a cross countersunk hole 29 and a terminal thread 30.

[0046] Cylinder head 9 is threadedly connected to the inner surface of the cylinder body, forming a closed chamber. The piston rod mates with the end cap hole 24, which is sealed by a threaded groove 22. Cylinder head 9 blocks the inner bore of piston cylinder 3. The inner bore of the cylinder head is provided with a spiral groove. The center hole of cylinder head 9 and the piston rod form a kinematic pair.

[0047] In the embodiment of this device, the main nozzle width is the basic size, and other dimensional parameters are in a certain proportional relationship with the main nozzle width. The jet element length is 120 mm, the jet element width is 90 mm, the inlet height is 28 mm, the inlet width is 50 mm, the feedback channel height is 24 mm, the feedback channel width is 10 mm, the wall attachment angle is 20°, the outlet height is 24, and the outlet width is 17.

[0048] In practical applications, these dimensions are fixed and are the dimensions of each part of the jet element. They are the optimal values obtained through numerical simulation and response surface optimization, which can ensure a sufficiently large pulsation amplitude. Although the jet element size is fixed, it can be connected to the outer tube through connectors of different diameters.

[0049] In the implementation of this device, when the high-pressure water pump delivers high-pressure water to the high-pressure water pipe, the jet element 1 closely connected to the high-pressure water pipe will further pressurize the high-pressure water in a vortex flow from the funnel-shaped main nozzle port 10 to the guide section 14. The guide section 14 delivers the high-pressure water to the control channel 11, the feedback channel 12 and the oscillation cavity 15. During this period, the fluid in the oscillation cavity 15 produces a wall adhesion effect and switches the flow.

[0050] According to the working characteristics of this pulsed high-pressure water jet device, the working variables involved are substituted and the problem is simplified using dimensional analysis. During the calculation process, the fluid in the device is set to water, and the jet process is expressed by the equation: Where Sr is the Strouhal number, Eu is the Euler number, Ma is the Mach number, Re is the Reynolds number, Fr is the Froude number, ι is the nozzle width, d is the diameter of the feedback channel, and θ is the angle between the walls on both sides of the oscillation chamber.

[0051] Among them, when the pulse nozzle is working, the influence of gravity on the flow domain is very small, and the Mach number is also small, so the influence of gravity and Mach number on the wall-attachment switching flow can be ignored. The influence of pressure, viscous resistance and inertial force on the unsteady flow in the flow domain of the nozzle is more obvious, so the equation of the jet process is simplified to The Strouhal number is related to the Euler number, the nozzle structure size and the Reynolds number; while the Euler number is related to the Reynolds number and the nozzle structure size. Under this water jet nozzle structure, the higher the jet velocity, the stronger the entrainment effect and the more obvious the wall adhesion effect.

[0052] The high-pressure water flows back in the feedback channel 12 and flows back to the oscillation chamber 15 to generate wall-attached water flow. The jet is rotated in the two output channels of the jet element 1, which has a stronger pulse effect and jet intensity than the general nozzle device. Since the high-pressure water in the oscillation chamber 15 adheres to the wall, it can absorb the huge impact force brought about by the operation, further improving the stability of the device.

[0053] In this device implementation, the piston cylinder 3 and piston 4 further pressurize the water flow. When piston 4 is operating, high-pressure water flows from two output channels 13 through piston cylinder inlets 16 and 17 into the upper and lower channels 18 and 21 of the piston cylinder. The piston reciprocates within the cylinder chamber 20, and the liquid in the cylinder is discharged through the flow channel 28 in the piston rod. Excess liquid is discharged through the channel 19 on the side of the cylinder head. A check valve installed at the end prevents liquid backflow. The piston head is equipped with a threaded groove 27, which provides internal pressure sealing during the reciprocating motion of piston 4.

[0054] In specific applications, you can design the bottom dead point position on the piston according to your needs, and install limit screws for stroke positioning. Depending on the difficulty of the operation, the dead point position is different, and the position of the limit screw is also different, which can be set by yourself.

[0055] In the implementation of this device, due to the influence of the pressure in the cylinder 20 and the reciprocating motion of the piston 4, the piston rod performs piston motion in the closed environment of the outer tube 2, the cylinder head 9 and the throttle disc 6. The bottom of the piston compresses the liquid to the inlet 34 of the throttle disc, further pressurizing the internal flow channel of the piston 4, so that it generates a high-pressure water jet at the injection channel 31.

[0056] In the implementation of this device, the high-pressure water jet enters the throttle disc 34, and the liquid is further pressurized and jetted to the injection channel 31 through the conical surface. The throttle disc 35 and the nozzle male thread 32 are threadedly connected to facilitate disassembly and assembly; the inner cone 33 of the nozzle end face adopts an inward concave design to prevent blockage and residue when breaking rocks, reduce turbulence, and stabilize the injection.

[0057] Therefore, the present invention provides an underground pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device, which shows significant beneficial effects in terms of jet intensity, stability, sealing, service life and operating efficiency, and is of great significance for improving the safety and efficiency of underground operations.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device, characterized in that: It includes a pulse jet nozzle, which consists of a jet element, an outer tube, a piston cylinder, a piston, a one-way valve, a throttle disc, a nozzle, a mounting hole, and a cylinder cover. A self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel is provided inside the jet element. The self-excited wall-attached pulse flow channel is a flow channel formed by two side plates, a bottom plate, a cover plate and a wedge tip. The piston cylinder is connected to the jet element.

2. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the nozzle is connected to the high-pressure hose and sealed with a rubber ring; the front end of the outer tube is connected to the sleeve connected to the high-pressure water pump and is fastened in the mounting hole by a connecting component; the throttle disc and the nozzle are connected by threads; the nozzle adopts a concave design.

3. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geometric parts of the jet element include a main nozzle, a guide section, a control channel, a feedback channel, an oscillation cavity, and an output channel. The angle between the output channel and the side wall, the angle between the output channel and the horizontal plane, the concave wedge radius, and the wall attachment angle will all produce periodic pulse flow impacts during the jet process.

4. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main nozzle is a funnel-shaped structure, connected to a high-pressure water pipe, and is used to receive water flow and increase pressure through a piston cylinder; The guide section is connected to the nozzle opening.

5. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control channel is used to control the water flow and divert the water flow to the two side walls; the feedback channel is used to control and adjust the pulse behavior of the jet; the oscillation cavity is connected to the feedback channel and is used to receive the fluid in the feedback channel; the output channel is an output flow channel formed by splicing the two side plates, and the lower end of the output channel is connected to the piston cylinder.

6. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston cylinder consists of a cylinder body and a piston. A channel end is provided on the side of the piston cylinder. The piston is fixedly connected to a piston rod. The piston reciprocates in the cylinder body. The cylinder body and the piston constitute the actuator of the pulse jet nozzle.

7. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The piston head is provided with a threaded groove, the interior of the piston is provided with a flow channel, and a one-way valve is installed at the end of the channel and the end of the flow channel of the piston; a limit screw is used for the bottom dead point position of the piston and stroke positioning is performed, and the limit screw structure is composed of a cross countersunk hole and an end thread; the surface of the thick section of the piston is provided with a spiral groove structure, and cooperates with the inner surface of the cylinder body.

8. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cylinder cover is connected to the inner surface of the cylinder body through threads to form a closed chamber; the lower surface of the jet element and the upper surface of the cylinder body structure cooperate with each other and are sealed by threads through three mounting holes.

9. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder cover blocks the inner hole of the cylinder body of the piston cylinder. The inner hole of the cylinder cover is provided with a spiral groove and is sealed by the thread groove. The center hole of the cylinder cover is surface-matched with the piston rod to form a kinematic pair.

10. The downhole pulse high-pressure water jet nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet element, outer tube and nozzle are made of hard alloy; the piston cylinder is made of carbon steel and is nitrided to prevent rust; the surface of the piston is hard chrome plated.

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