Synchronous pushing and assembling shield tunneling machine and synchronous pushing and assembling construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a synchronous propelling and assembling shield tunneling machine and a synchronous propelling and assembling construction method. The synchronous propelling and assembling shield tunneling machine comprises a cutterhead, a main drive, a front shield, a middle shield, a shield tail, a man gate, a propelling oil cylinder, a thrust transmission device, a segment erector and an excavation face balancing device. The thrust transmission device is composed of a first force transmission ring, an assembling oil cylinder, a force bearing block and the like, and the segment erector is located at the thrust transmission device. The excavation face balancing device comprises a second hydraulic oil cylinder, a third force transmission column, a third hydraulic oil cylinder and a maintaining mechanism. The front end of the thrust transmission device is connected with a thrust oil cylinder, the rear end of the thrust transmission device is connected with the front end face of the assembled duct piece, and thrust is transmitted to the duct piece through the thrust transmission device and borne by friction force between the duct piece and synchronous slurry. And when the shield is propelled, the segment erector completes one-ring assembly. And after one ring is propelled and assembled, the excavation face balancing device is used for achieving connection of the whole ring of pipe pieces and forward movement of the thrust transmission device, propelling and assembling are continued, synchronous propelling and assembling of the shield are achieved, and the construction progress is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to shield design and construction, and in particular to a synchronous pushing and assembling shield machine and a synchronous pushing and assembling construction method. Background Art

[0002] TBMs and shield machines, cutting-edge equipment in today's international tunnel construction, have become the preferred choice for tunnel construction due to their significant advantages—low safety risks, excellent tunnel quality, efficient construction progress, and relatively low costs. TBMs are suitable for hard rock formations. Their thrust is applied to the already excavated tunnel surface, enabling continuous advancement and achieving monthly construction progress exceeding one kilometer. Shield machines, by balancing the water and soil pressure at the front face with the pressure from their soil bunker, are suitable for a wider range of strata and applications than TBMs. However, existing shield machines, due to their thrust acting on the front face of already assembled segments, require alternating advancement and segment assembly. This inability to continuously advance results in relatively slow construction progress. Therefore, some experts and scholars hope to innovate and achieve simultaneous shield advancement and segment assembly to improve shield construction progress.

[0003] Patent application publication number CN115539062A discloses a control method and system for synchronous excavation and splicing propulsion cylinders. During the synchronous splicing process, two high- and low-pressure hydraulic oil sources are used. The high-pressure oil source is used for propulsion during shield excavation, and the low-pressure oil source is used for controlling the extension and retraction of the propulsion cylinders during assembly during the synchronous excavation and splicing process, thereby achieving synchronous excavation and splicing. At the same time, during the synchronous excavation and splicing process, when the cylinders extend and compress the segments for assembly, the pressure of the propulsion cylinders in the synchronous assembly state decreases due to the connection to the low-pressure oil source. The segments being assembled are compressed using an assembly pressure far lower than the pressure of the propulsion cylinders in the propulsion state. During this process, the shield machine continues to advance, preventing the assembly pressure of the segments from affecting the shield machine's posture and excavation direction, thereby improving the construction quality of synchronous excavation and splicing.

[0004] Existing patent applications for simultaneous shield advancement and assembly generally focus on inventions and innovations related to thrust distribution within the propulsion system, enabling segment assembly during advancement by programmatically adjusting thrust distribution. The challenge of simultaneous shield advancement and assembly is to ensure that the thrust of the shield is derived from the already assembled segments, while ensuring that advancement does not affect segment assembly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine and a synchronous pushing and assembling construction method. By providing a set of thrust transmission devices on the shield machine, the thrust required for the shield is transmitted from the front end face of the pipe segment that has been assembled into a ring to the propulsion cylinder, without affecting the assembly of pipe segments by the pipe segment assembly machine.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine includes a cutterhead, a main drive, a front shield, a middle shield, a shield tail, and a man gate. The cutterhead is connected to the main drive, and the front shield, middle shield, and shield tail are arranged in sequence behind the cutterhead. The man gate is also arranged behind the cutterhead. The machine also includes a propulsion cylinder, a thrust transmission device, a segment assembler, and an excavation face balancing device. The propulsion cylinder is arranged behind the cutterhead and connected to the thrust transmission device. The segment assembler is arranged at the thrust transmission device.

[0008] The thrust transmission device includes a force transmission ring 1, an assembled oil cylinder, a load-bearing block, a hydraulic oil cylinder 1 and a force transmission ring 2. One end of the assembled oil cylinder is fixed to the force transmission ring 1, the force transmission ring 1 is connected to the force transmission ring 2, the force transmission ring 2 is used to fix the hydraulic oil cylinder 1, the end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1 is fixed to the load-bearing block, and a spacing space is set between the load-bearing block and the assembled oil cylinder;

[0009] The excavation surface balancing device includes hydraulic cylinder 2, force transmission column 3, hydraulic cylinder 3, and a holding mechanism. The holding mechanism is arranged at the end of hydraulic cylinder 2. Hydraulic cylinder 2 is installed on force transmission column 3. The side of force transmission column 3 is connected to the end of hydraulic cylinder 3.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, a connection structure is provided on the front shield or the middle shield, and the propulsion cylinder is provided on the connection structure. As a preferred embodiment, a crossbeam is provided inside the middle shield, and a longitudinal beam is provided at the rear of the crossbeam, and a hydraulic cylinder three is fixed on the beam.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the propulsion cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the front shield and the middle shield and passes through the M-beam.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, a mounting cavity is provided on the force transmission column three, and the hydraulic cylinder two is fixed at the bottom of the mounting cavity.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the holding mechanism includes a vacuum suction cup, a suction cup seal and a shear column. The vacuum suction cup is fixed to the end of the second hydraulic cylinder, and the vacuum suction cup is provided with a suction cup seal and a shear column.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the shear column is fixed to the vacuum suction cup and is arranged in the middle of the working surface of the vacuum suction cup. As a preferred embodiment, a force transmission column 1 and an intermediate column are arranged between the force transmission ring 1 and the force transmission ring 2, the force transmission ring 1 is fixed to the force transmission column 1, and the intermediate column is arranged between the force transmission column 1 and the force transmission ring 2.

[0015] A synchronous pushing and assembling construction method is based on the above-mentioned synchronous pushing and assembling shield machine; it includes the following contents:

[0016] Start shield tunneling and assembly steps:

[0017] The main drive drives the cutterhead to rotate and cut the soil; the thrust cylinder applies thrust, which is transmitted to the front end of the assembled segment through the thrust transmission device; at the same time, the segment assembler assembles the segments to be assembled in the space between the thrust transmission device, completing the assembly of a ring of segments;

[0018] Preparation steps for connecting the segments and moving the thrust transmission device forward: When the shield tunnel has advanced one segment length and the segments to be assembled are completed, the advancement is stopped; the excavation face balancing device is started, and the thrust cylinder is depressurized to the excavation face balancing force level; the hydraulic cylinder is retracted, so that the bearing block is separated from the front end of the assembled segment;

[0019] Segment ring connection steps: All assembly cylinders extend synchronously to push the segment to be assembled backward; use the guide rod to insert the tapered hole 1 of the segment to be assembled and the tapered hole 2 of the assembled segment to achieve precise alignment; the segment to be assembled and the assembled segment are fastened together with the inter-ring segment bolts;

[0020] The thrust transmission device moves forward by the following steps: the thrust transmission device moves forward by the distance of one segment; the hydraulic cylinder extends, the thrust cylinder is energized, and the force is transmitted through the thrust transmission device, so that the bearing block presses against the front end surface of the assembled segment;

[0021] Steps to resume synchronous pushing and assembly: turn off the excavation face balancing device; pressurize the thrust cylinder to the target thrust, and continue to synchronously push and assemble the next ring of segments.

[0022] As a preferred method, the working process of the excavation face balancing device includes:

[0023] Hydraulic cylinder three extends to adjust the longitudinal position of the vacuum suction cup; the fine-tuning cylinder adjusts the rotation position of the vacuum suction cup so that it is aligned with the inner surface of the assembled segment; hydraulic cylinder two extends and pressurizes the suction cup to seal and press the assembled segment, and at the same time the shear column is inserted into the positioning hole; the vacuum suction cup is started, and the thrust of the propulsion cylinder is reduced to the balancing force of the excavation surface and then continues to reduce the thrust. At the same time, hydraulic cylinder three increases the equivalent force, and finally the thrust of the propulsion cylinder is reduced to 0. The force of hydraulic cylinder three is equal to the balancing force of the excavation surface, and the conversion of the balancing force of the excavation surface is completed.

[0024] As a preferred method, the following guiding and alignment operations are performed during the connection process between the segment rings:

[0025] Guide rod pre-positioning: Pre-install the guide rod in the second tapered hole of the assembled segment so that the tapered head of the guide rod protrudes from the front end of the assembled segment; when assembling the segments, the assembled segments need to be moved backward so that part of the tapered head of the guide rod enters the first tapered hole of the segment to be assembled, thus forming a pre-positioning;

[0026] Synchronous backward movement and alignment: All assembly cylinders extend synchronously at a speed of 0.5-1.0mm / s to push the entire ring of segments to be assembled backward; the tapered head of the guide rod continues to be inserted into the tapered hole of the segment to be assembled, and the radial deviation is accurately aligned through the self-correction of the tapered surface;

[0027] Eliminate the gap between rings: Continue to move the segment to be assembled backward until its rear end face fits with the front end face of the assembled segment;

[0028] Fast bolt tightening: When the segments are fully fitted, all segment bolts between rings are tightened synchronously using an automatic wrench.

[0029] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: a set of thrust transmission devices is installed, the front end of which is connected to the thrust cylinder, and the rear end is connected to the front end surface of the pipe segment that has been assembled into a ring. The thrust of the thrust cylinder is directly transmitted to the front end surface of the pipe segment that has been assembled into a ring through the thrust transmission device, and is transmitted backward. The final thrust is provided by the friction between the pipe segment that has been assembled into a ring and the solidified synchronous slurry. The pipe segment assembly machine is located at the thrust transmission device, and assembles a ring of pipe segments during the shield advancement process. After the shield is advanced and the pipe segments are assembled into a ring, the excavation surface balancing device is used to assist in connecting the pipe segments to be assembled into a ring with the pipe segments that have been assembled into a ring. The thrust transmission device is moved forward a distance of one ring, and continues to advance and assemble with the pipe segments. This cycle is repeated to achieve synchronous advancement and assembly of the shield and improve the progress of shield construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] To reveal the technical details of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings involved in the embodiments. It should be emphasized that these drawings only illustrate several embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as defining the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can deduce other relevant drawings based on these drawings without engaging in creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main machine during the shield synchronous pushing and assembling process;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shield machine before the shield machine is pushed together synchronously;

[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of thrust transmission device;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a detailed view of the rear end components of the thrust transfer device;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation face balancing device;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the segment guidance during assembly;

[0037] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection between rings and ring segments.

[0038] In the figure, 1-cutterhead, 2-front shield, 3-thrust cylinder, 4-main drive, 5-middle shield, 6-man gate, 7-M-beam, 8-girder, 9-thrust transmission device, 10-segment assembly machine, 11-segments to be assembled, 12-shield tail, 13-shield tail sealing brush, 14-assembled segments, 15-excavation face balancing device, 16-screw conveyor, 17-rear gate, 18-belt, 101-force transmission ring 1, 102-assembly Cylinder, 103-force transfer column one, 104-load-bearing block, 105-hydraulic cylinder one, 106-force transfer column two, 107-intermediate column, 108-force transfer ring two, 201-vacuum suction cup, 202-suction cup seal, 203-shear column, 204-fine-tuning cylinder, 205-hydraulic cylinder two, 206-force transfer column three, 207-hydraulic cylinder three, 301-tapered hole one, 302-guide rod, 303-tapered hole two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0040] In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the aid of accompanying drawings. However, please be aware that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific forms shown herein. Rather, it should be understood to encompass various variations, equivalents, and / or alternatives to the embodiments of the present disclosure. In describing the drawings, the same reference numerals will be used to indicate similar components.

[0041] In this disclosure, terms are used to illustrate specific embodiments and do not constitute limitations of this disclosure. In this context, the use of the singular also encompasses the plural, unless the text clearly indicates otherwise. In the process of explanation, it should be understood that terms such as "including" or "having" are intended to indicate the presence of a feature, quantity, step, operation, structural component, part, or combination thereof, and do not preclude the possibility or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, structural components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0042] It should be understood that while the following description provides extensive specific details intended to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the example embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the example embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. For example, systems may be presented in block diagram form to avoid excessive detail that would obscure the clarity of the examples. In other cases, unnecessary details regarding well-known processes, structures, and techniques may be omitted to maintain clarity of the examples.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, a synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine includes a cutterhead 1, a main drive 4, a front shield 2, a middle shield 5, a shield tail 12, and a man gate 6. The cutterhead 1 is connected to the main drive 4. The front shield 2, the middle shield 5, and the shield tail 12 are sequentially arranged behind the cutterhead 1. The man gate 6 is also arranged behind the cutterhead 1. The machine also includes a propulsion cylinder 3, a thrust transmission device 9, a segment assembler 10, and an excavation face balancing device 15. The propulsion cylinder 3 is arranged behind the cutterhead 1 and connected to the thrust transmission device 9. The segment assembler 10 is arranged at the thrust transmission device 9.

[0044] The thrust transmission device 9 includes a force transmission ring 101, an assembled oil cylinder 102, a load-bearing block 104, a hydraulic oil cylinder 105 and a force transmission ring 2 108. One end of the assembled oil cylinder 102 is fixed to the force transmission ring 101. The force transmission ring 101 is connected to the force transmission ring 2 108. The force transmission ring 2 108 is used to fix the hydraulic oil cylinder 105. The end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 105 is fixed to the load-bearing block 104. A spacing space is set between the load-bearing block 104 and the assembled oil cylinder 102.

[0045] The excavation face balancing device 15 includes a hydraulic cylinder 205, a force transmission column 3 206, a hydraulic cylinder 3 207, a holding mechanism (see Figure 5 ), the holding mechanism is arranged at the end of the hydraulic cylinder 205, the hydraulic cylinder 205 is installed on the force transmission column 3 206, and the side of the force transmission column 3 206 is connected to the end of the hydraulic cylinder 3 207.

[0046] When the shield machine is in operation, the main drive 4 first drives the cutterhead 1 to rotate, cutting the soil into the soil bin. The thrust cylinder 3 is activated, and the thrust transmission device 9 transmits the thrust to the front end of the assembled segments 14, pushing the shield machine forward as a whole. During the propulsion process, the space between the bearing block 104 and the assembly cylinder 102 provides sufficient operating space for segment assembly. At this time, the segment assembly machine 10 is activated and the prefabricated segments are assembled in sequence into the shield tail, completing the propulsion of one ring of segments and the assembly of one ring of segments.

[0047] This synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine achieves smooth propulsion of the shield machine through the synergistic effect of the propulsion cylinder 3 and the thrust transmission device 9. The design of the excavation face balancing device 15 effectively solves the balance problem of the excavation face when the pipe segment 11 to be assembled is connected with the assembled pipe segment 14 and the thrust transmission device 9 moves forward, preventing the collapse of the excavation face soil and ensuring construction safety. The setting of the assembly cylinder 102 and the pipe segment assembly machine 10 realizes the assembly of the pipe segments. The spacing between the load-bearing block 104 and the assembly cylinder 102 provides sufficient operating space for the assembly of the pipe segments, which is convenient for the precise positioning and assembly of the pipe segments.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, thrust cylinders 3 are installed inside the front shield 2 and middle shield 5 and pass through the P-shaped beam 7. The thrust of thrust cylinders 3 acts on bearing ring 101 and is transmitted to the front end of the assembled segment 14 via thrust transmission device 9. The number of thrust cylinders 3 is not limited by the segment assembly points; it can be used as long as the shield turning requirements and maximum thrust requirements are met.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, a 3D-shaped beam 7 is installed within the central shield 5. A longitudinal beam 8 is mounted behind the 3D-shaped beam 7, and a hydraulic cylinder 207 is fixed to the beam 8. The 3D-shaped beam 7 and longitudinal beam 8 within the central shield 5 enhance the structural stability and load-bearing capacity. The fixed hydraulic cylinder 207 provides force transmission for the excavation face balancing device 15. The excavation face balancing force is transmitted through the shield machine, beam 8, hydraulic cylinder 207, force transmission column 206, and vacuum suction cup 201, ultimately to the shear force of the shear column 203 and the friction force of the vacuum suction cup 201, ensuring the balance of the excavation face.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, a mounting cavity is provided on force transmission column 3 206, and hydraulic cylinder 205 is fixed to the bottom of the mounting cavity. By providing a mounting cavity on force transmission column 3 206, hydraulic cylinder 205 can be firmly fixed in place, ensuring accurate extension and retraction of vacuum cup 201.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the holding mechanism includes a vacuum cup 201, a cup seal 202, and a shear column 203. The vacuum cup 201 is fixed to the end of a second hydraulic cylinder 205, and the cup seal 202 and shear column 203 are provided on the vacuum cup 201. The holding mechanism ensures stability during operation. The cup seal 202 prevents air leakage, while the shear column 203 enhances the cup's shear resistance and improves the excavation surface balancing force provided by the holding mechanism.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the shear column 203 is fixed to the vacuum cup 201 and is disposed in the middle of the working surface of the vacuum cup 201. Fixing the shear column 203 in the middle of the working surface of the vacuum cup 201 can more effectively resist the shear force generated during operation, thereby improving the stability of the holding mechanism and the reliability of the operation.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, force transmission column 103 and intermediate column 107 are provided between force transmission ring 101 and force transmission ring 2 108. Force transmission ring 101 is fixed to force transmission column 103, and intermediate column 107 is provided between force transmission column 103 and force transmission ring 2 108. The provision of force transmission column 103 and intermediate column 107 effectively transmits force and ensures that force is evenly distributed between force transmission ring 101 and force transmission ring 2 108. This structure can ensure the distance between the two rings, thereby improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

[0054] A synchronous pushing and assembling construction method is based on the above-mentioned synchronous pushing and assembling shield machine; it includes the following contents:

[0055] Start shield tunneling and assembly steps:

[0056] The main drive 4 drives the cutterhead 1 to rotate and cut the soil; the propulsion cylinder 3 applies thrust, which is transmitted to the front end of the assembled segment 14 through the thrust transmission device 9; at the same time, the segment assembler 10 assembles the segments 11 to be assembled in the space between the thrust transmission device 9, completing the assembly of a ring of segments;

[0057] Steps for preparing the segment connection and forward movement of the thrust transmission device 9: When the shield tunnel has advanced one segment length and the segment 11 to be assembled is completed, the advancement is stopped; the excavation face balancing device 15 is activated, and the thrust cylinder 3 is depressurized to the excavation face balancing force value; the hydraulic cylinder 105 is retracted, so that the bearing block 104 is separated from the front end face of the assembled segment 14;

[0058] Segment ring connection steps: All assembly cylinders 102 are extended synchronously to push the segment 11 to be assembled backward; the guide rod 302 is inserted into the tapered hole 1 301 of the segment 11 to be assembled and the tapered hole 2 303 of the assembled segment 14 to achieve precise alignment; the segment 11 to be assembled is fastened to the assembled segment 14 by inter-ring bolts;

[0059] Thrust transmission device 9 moves forward: the thrust transmission device 9 moves forward by a distance of one segment ring; the hydraulic cylinder 105 extends, the propulsion cylinder 3 is forced, and the force is transmitted through the thrust transmission device 9, so that the bearing block 104 presses against the front end surface of the newly assembled segment 14;

[0060] Resume synchronous pushing and assembling steps: close the excavation face balancing device 15, the vacuum suction cup 201 stops working and retracts; pressurize the propulsion cylinder 3 to the target thrust, and continue to synchronously push and assemble the next ring of segments.

[0061] The synchronous push-and-assemble construction method achieves simultaneous excavation and assembly by simultaneously advancing and assembling the shield machine: the main drive 4 drives the cutterhead 1 to rotate and cut the soil, the thrust cylinder 3 applies thrust, and the segment assembler 10 assembles the segments 11 to be assembled within the spacing of the thrust transmission device 9. This collaborative operation significantly shortens the construction period and improves overall construction efficiency. In particular, the design of the thrust transmission device 9 ensures that the thrust is stably and evenly transmitted to the front end of the assembled segments 14, ensuring the continuity and stability of the construction process.

[0062] Through precise control of the thrust transmission device 9, the assembly cylinder 102 extends, pushing the segment 11 to be assembled backward. Guide rods 302 are inserted into the tapered holes to achieve precise alignment, ensuring accurate connection between the segment rings. Furthermore, the inter-ring bolt fastening (existing technology, not described here) further enhances the connection strength between the segment rings and the stability of the tunnel. This precise construction method ensures construction quality and reduces subsequent maintenance costs.

[0063] The excavation face balancing device 15 plays a key role in connecting the segment rings and advancing the thrust transmission device 9. By activating the excavation face balancing device 15, the thrust of the propulsion cylinder 3 is converted into the forward force of the excavation face balancing device 15, effectively avoiding construction safety issues caused by insufficient excavation face balancing pressure. Furthermore, the coordinated action of the hydraulic cylinders ensures a smooth transition of the load-bearing block 104 from the front face of the segment, further enhancing construction safety.

[0064] When a traditional shield machine is excavating a tunnel, the thrust cylinder 3 directly acts on the front end face of the assembled segment 14 to provide the thrust required for propulsion. However, this method has a significant problem: since the propulsion and segment assembly processes must be performed alternately, construction efficiency is limited. Specifically, when the thrust cylinder 3 pushes the shield machine forward, the segments cannot be assembled at the same time; conversely, when the segments are assembled, the thrust cylinder 3 needs to stop pushing, which greatly reduces the construction progress. The main reason for introducing the thrust transmission device 9 is to achieve synchronous shield propulsion and segment assembly, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0065] The thrust transmission device 9 allows the shield machine's propulsion and segment assembly processes to proceed relatively independently. By smoothly transmitting the force of the propulsion cylinder 3 to the front face of the assembled segment 14 via the thrust transmission device 9, without directly affecting the operation of the segment assembly machine 10 during the assembly process, true synchronous propulsion and assembly are achieved. The thrust transmission device 9 ensures that the force is more evenly distributed across the entire front face of the assembled segment 14, rather than being concentrated at a few specific points. This uniform pressure distribution helps reduce local stress concentration on individual segments and improves the safety and stability of the structure. Because the thrust transmission device 9 can provide continuous and stable thrust support without affecting segment assembly, it helps better control the shield machine's posture and ensure the quality of tunnel formation. In certain special situations (such as encountering high-resistance geological conditions), relying directly on the propulsion cylinder 3 to apply excessive pressure may cause damage to the thrust transmission device 9. In this case, propulsion and assembly can be performed alternately, with the thrust transmitted directly through the segment to be assembled 11, avoiding the risks of directly applying excessive pressure to the thrust transmission device 9. In a preferred embodiment, the working process of the excavation face balancing device 15 includes:

[0066] Hydraulic cylinder three 207 extends to adjust the longitudinal position of the vacuum suction cup 201; the fine-tuning cylinder 204 adjusts the rotation position of the vacuum suction cup 201 so that it is aligned with the inner surface of the assembled pipe segment 14; the hydraulic cylinder two 205 extends and pressurizes so that the suction cup seal 202 presses the inner surface of the assembled pipe segment 14, and the shear column 203 is inserted into the positioning hole; the vacuum suction cup 201 is started, and the thrust of the propulsion cylinder 3 is reduced to the excavation surface balancing force and then continues to reduce the thrust. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder three 207 increases the equivalent force, and finally the thrust of the propulsion cylinder 3 is reduced to 0. The force of the hydraulic cylinder three 207 is equal to the excavation surface balancing force, and the conversion of the excavation surface balancing force is completed.

[0067] Hydraulic cylinder three 207 extends to adjust the longitudinal position of the vacuum suction cup 201 to ensure that the suction cup can accurately align with the target position. Next, the rotational position of the vacuum suction cup 201 is finely adjusted by the fine-tuning cylinder 204 so that it is completely aligned with the inner surface of the assembled pipe segment 14 to ensure the sealing effect. Then, hydraulic cylinder two 205 extends and applies pressure to tightly seal the vacuum suction cup 201 against the assembled pipe segment 14. At the same time, the shear column 203 is inserted into the positioning hole to further enhance the stability and accuracy of the device. Subsequently, the vacuum suction cup 201 device is started (the vacuum suction cup 201 is connected to the vacuum pumping device) to suck out the air between the vacuum suction cup 201 and the inner surface of the assembled pipe segment 14 (the vacuum pumping port is set on the vacuum suction cup 201). At this time, after the thrust of the propulsion cylinder 3 drops to the excavation surface balancing force, the thrust continues to drop. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder three 207 increases the equivalent force. When the thrust of the propulsion cylinder 3 drops to 0, the force of the hydraulic cylinder three 207 and the excavation surface balancing force reach a balanced state (maintained), and the conversion of the excavation surface balancing force is completed.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, during the connection process between the segment rings, the following guiding and alignment operations are performed:

[0069] Pre-positioning of the guide rod 302: The guide rod is pre-installed in the second tapered hole 303 of the assembled segment 14 so that the tapered head of the guide rod 302 protrudes from the front end of the assembled segment 14. When assembling the segments, the segment 11 to be assembled is moved backward so that a portion of the tapered head of the guide rod 302 enters the first tapered hole 301 of the segment 11 to be assembled, thereby achieving pre-positioning.

[0070] Synchronous backward movement and alignment: All assembly cylinders 102 extend synchronously at a speed of 0.5-1.0 mm / s to push the segment 11 to be assembled backward in an entire ring; the conical head of the guide rod 302 continues to be inserted into the conical hole 301 of the segment 11 to be assembled, and the radial deviation is accurately aligned through the self-correction of the conical surface;

[0071] Eliminate the gap between the rings: Continue to move the segment 11 to be assembled until its rear end face fits with the front end face of the assembled segment 14;

[0072] Fast bolt tightening: When the segments are fully fitted, all inter-ring bolts are tightened synchronously using an automatic wrench.

[0073] During the connection process between the segments, the above-mentioned guide alignment operation is performed. The pre-positioning step of the guide rod 302 ensures that the guide rod 302 is accurately installed in the tapered hole of the assembled segment 14. At the same time, during the segment assembly, the front end of the guide rod 302 has entered the tapered hole of the segment to be assembled 11, providing accurate guidance for subsequent alignment. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, both ends of the guide rod 302 are tapered. Corresponding tapered holes 1 301 and 2 303 are provided on the segment to be assembled 11 and the assembled segment 14, respectively. The synchronized backward movement and alignment step achieves smooth backward movement of the segment to be assembled 11 by the simultaneous extension of all assembly cylinders 102. The tapered head of the guide rod 302 smoothly inserts into the tapered hole of the segment to be assembled 11. The self-correcting function of the tapered surface quickly and accurately eliminates radial deviation, ensuring precise alignment between the segments. This step significantly improves connection efficiency and reduces operational difficulty.

[0074] The inter-ring gap elimination step effectively eliminates inter-ring gaps by continuing to move the segment to be assembled 11 backward until it fully fits the assembled segment 14, enhancing the stability and sealing of the segment connection. This step is of great significance for improving the overall strength and durability of the tunnel structure. The rapid bolt tightening step uses an automatic wrench to simultaneously tighten all inter-ring bolts when the segments are fully fitted, ensuring the firmness and reliability of the connection. This step further enhances the stability and safety of the segment connection, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the tunnel.

[0075] In one embodiment, the shield machine is advanced and assembled simultaneously. Figure 1 As shown, the synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine consists of a cutter head 1, a main drive 4, a front shield 2, a middle shield 5, a shield tail 12, a man gate 6, a propulsion cylinder 3, a thrust transmission device 9, a segment assembler 10, an excavation face balancing device 15, a screw conveyor 16, a belt 18 (located below the rear gate 17 of the screw conveyor 16), a shield tail sealing brush 13, a rear supporting trolley and other components.

[0076] The process of synchronous advancement and assembly of the shield is as follows: the electric or hydraulic drive drives the cutter head 1 to turn left or right through the main drive 4, and different thrusts are applied to the thrust cylinders 3 at different positions, and the thrust transmission device 9 acts on the front end surface of the assembled segments 14 to achieve the advancement and turning of the shield. At the same time, the segment assembler 10 assembles the segments 11 to be assembled in sequence in the shield tail 12. When the shield has excavated a ring of segment length and the segments 11 to be assembled are assembled, the advancement is stopped, and the excavation face balancing device 15 is started. The segments 11 to be assembled and the assembled segments 14 in the shield tail 12 are connected ring to ring through segment bolts, and then the thrust transmission device 9 is moved forward by a ring of segments and pressed against the front end surface of the assembled segments 14 (such as Figure 2 ), and finally close the excavation face balancing device 15, and continue to carry out the synchronous advancement and assembly of the shield, and repeat this cycle to achieve the synchronous advancement and assembly of the shield.

[0077] The thrust transmission device 9 is composed of the following components and works: Figure 3 As shown, the thrust transmission device 9 is composed of a force transmission ring 101, an assembled oil cylinder 102, a force transmission column 103, an intermediate column 107, a force transmission ring 108, a force transmission column 106, a hydraulic oil cylinder 105, a load-bearing block 104 and other components. Each component is connected together by welding or bolting. It is required that the thrust value transmitted can reach the normal propulsion force, and the rigidity and strength meet the requirements of the specification. Figure 4 As shown, the load-bearing block 104 of the rear end component of the thrust transfer device 9 is composed of multiple blocks to achieve the effect of uniform force on the front end surface of the assembled pipe segment 14. The lower part without the load-bearing block 104 is mainly used for the transportation of the pipe segment 11 to be assembled and as a passage for personnel and equipment.

[0078] The thrust transmission device 9 operates as follows: During shield advancement, the force of the thrust cylinder 3 acts on force transmission ring 1 101, then through force transmission column 1 103, intermediate column 107, force transmission ring 2 108, force transmission column 2 106, and load-bearing block 104, acting on the front end face of the assembled segment 14. Before the shield advances, hydraulic cylinder 1 105 extends, pushing load-bearing block 104 forward to the front end face of the assembled segment 14. The thrust cylinder 3 then extends, causing it to bear against the front end face of the assembled segment 14.

[0079] The assembly cylinders 102 are fixed behind the force transfer ring 101 and are evenly arranged in a circular pattern, with their number matching the segment assembly points. For example, a conventional segment shield machine with an inner diameter of 5.4m and an outer diameter of 6m requires 10 sets of assembly cylinders 102 evenly arranged at a 36-degree angle. The segments 11 to be assembled are assembled into a ring using the segment assembly machine 10 and the assembly cylinders 102 in the space between force transfer column 103 and force transfer column 2 106, outside the intermediate column 107.

[0080] After the shield advances one ring and the segments 11 to be assembled are complete, the excavation face balancing device 15 is activated, the thrust cylinder 3 is depressurized, hydraulic cylinder 105 retracts, and the bearing block 104 retracts to the inner surface of the segment to be assembled. All assembly cylinders 102 extend, pushing the segments 11 to be assembled backward in a ring, connecting them to the assembled segments 14, and tightening all ring bolts.

[0081] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the rear end face of the segment to be assembled 11 and the front end face of the already assembled segment 14 are respectively designed with a first tapered hole 301 and a second tapered hole 303. During segment assembly, a guide rod 302 is inserted into the two tapered holes, pushing the segment to be assembled 11 backwards a full circle to precisely align it with the already assembled segment 14, allowing the segment bolts to be properly inserted.

[0082] Notes on the design of thrust transmission device 9:

[0083] (1) The clearance between the assembly cylinder 102 and the bearing block 104 must meet the requirements of the segment assembly machine 10 for assembling segments, especially the capping block needs to be pushed radially outward and then moved longitudinally backward. The clearance is generally more than 300 mm longer than the length of one ring of segments.

[0084] (2) The extension length of the assembling cylinder 102 must meet the requirement that when the entire ring of the assembled segment 11 is moved backward, the net distance between the assembling cylinder 102 and the front end surface of the assembled segment 14 must be less than the length of one ring of the segment.

[0085] (3) The position of the intermediate column 107 should avoid the beam 8, the screw conveyor 16, the segment assembly machine 10 and the space required for assembling the segments.

[0086] (4) When designing the thrust transmission device 9, the passage for personnel and materials should be considered. For example, the front part is designed to be a plurality of force transmission columns 103 instead of a closed force transmission ring, and the lower part of the rear part is designed without a load-bearing block 104.

[0087] The structure and working principle of the excavation face balancing device 15

[0088] When the load-bearing block 104 retracts and the segment 11 to be assembled moves backward, there is no supporting force between the shield propulsion cylinder 3 and the segment. At this time, if there is no force acting on the shield machine, the shield machine will move backward, the soil bin pressure will decrease, and the balance of the shield excavation face will be broken, posing a safety risk. Therefore, an excavation face balancing device 15 is designed.

[0089] The excavation face balancing device 15 consists of a vacuum suction cup 201, a suction cup seal 202, a shear column 203, a fine-tuning cylinder 204, a second hydraulic cylinder 205, a third force transmission column 206, and a third hydraulic cylinder 207. The rodless cavity of the third hydraulic cylinder 207 is fixed to the beam 8, and the rod cavity is connected to the third force transmission column 206.

[0090] The working principle of the excavation face balancing device 15: After the shield machine is synchronously advanced by a distance and a ring of segments is assembled, the thrust of the thrust cylinder 3 is unloaded until the force is equal to the excavation face balancing force, the hydraulic cylinder three 207 is extended or retracted (to adjust the longitudinal position of the vacuum suction cup 201), the fine-tuning cylinder 204 is extended or retracted (to adjust the rotation position of the vacuum suction cup 201), so that the vacuum suction cup 201 is aligned with the inner surface of the single assembled segment 14, the hydraulic cylinder two 205 is extended and a certain force is applied, the suction cup seal 202 is pressed against the inner surface of the assembled segment 14, and at the same time the shear column 203 is extended into the positioning hole of the assembled segment 14. Start the vacuum suction cup 201, and then the hydraulic cylinder three 207 continues to extend to increase the force, and the propulsion cylinder 3 reduces the force at the same time. Finally, the thrust of the propulsion cylinder 3 is reduced to 0, and the force of the hydraulic cylinder three 207 is equal to the balancing force of the excavation surface. At this point, the conversion of the balancing force of the excavation surface is completed (the force transmitted from the propulsion cylinder 3 to the load-bearing block 104 acting on the front end face of the assembled pipe segment 14 is converted to the friction force of the suction of the vacuum suction cup 201 and the shear force of the shear column 203 and transmitted to the assembled pipe segment 14). Then, the thrust transmission device 9 is used to connect the pipe segment 11 to be assembled and the assembled pipe segment 14. The thrust transmission device 9 is then moved forward by the length of the pipe segment, and the load-bearing block 104 is supported on the front end face of the pipe segment 11 to be assembled. After the thrust cylinder 3 adds thrust to reach the balanced force of the excavation surface, the vacuum suction cup 201 is closed, the hydraulic cylinder 205 retracts, the vacuum suction cup 201 is separated from the inner surface of the assembled pipe segment 14, and the shield continues to advance and assemble synchronously.

[0091] Advantages and precautions of simultaneous advancement and assembly of shield machines.

[0092] (1) By designing the thrust transmission device 9 so that the propulsion and assembly are independent of each other, the shield machine can be propulsed and assembled synchronously.

[0093] (2) The force exerted by the thrust cylinder 3 on the assembled segments 14 through the thrust transmission device 9 is stable and balanced, the shield posture is easy to control, and the segments are well stressed.

[0094] (3) The design bearing capacity of the thrust transmission device 9 only needs to be higher than the normal thrust of the shield. In special cases (such as when the shield is wrapped and the required thrust is particularly high), the segments to be assembled 11 can be assembled first and connected to the assembled segments 14 before advancing. The high thrust acts directly on the front end of the segments to be assembled 11 through the thrust cylinder 3, the force transmission ring 101, and the assembly cylinder 102. In this way, the original excavation and assembly cycle process is carried out without the thrust transmission device 9 having to bear a large transmission force.

[0095] (4) The load-bearing blocks 104 in the thrust transmission device 9 must ensure that there is at least one block on each segment 11 to be assembled. In this way, when assembling the segments 11 to be assembled, the net distance between each block and the assembled segments 14 is equal, so that the assembly operation of a ring of segments 11 to be assembled can be completed during the shield advancement process.

[0096] (5) The propulsion cylinders 3 are composed of multiple groups, one of which is connected to the front end of the force transmission ring 101 on the thrust transmission device 9, while the other propulsion cylinders 3 do not need to be connected. At the same time, the number of propulsion cylinders 3 is designed to meet the required values of shield turning and total propulsion force.

[0097] (6) The design of the excavation face balancing device 15 effectively solves the shield excavation face balancing problem when the shield is advanced and assembled and the segments 11 need to be moved backward and the thrust transfer device 9 needs to be moved forward.

[0098] (7) There can be one or more sets of excavation face balancing devices 15 installed on the shield machine, mainly based on the principle of sufficient force to balance the excavation face, and they are installed above the 3 and 9 o'clock positions on the clock.

[0099] (8) In order to ensure the synchronous advancement and assembly efficiency of the shield, it is recommended that the earth pressure balance shield adopt a continuous belt 18 machine to discharge slag.

[0100] In one embodiment, the principle and implementation of the fine-tuning cylinder 204 adjusting the rotation position of the vacuum suction cup 201 are as follows:

[0101] In the excavation face balancing device 15, the vacuum cup 201 must fit tightly against the curved inner surface of the assembled segment 14. Due to installation errors or deformation of the segments, the cup must have multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capabilities to ensure that the cup seal 202 evenly compresses the curved surface to form an effective seal.

[0102] The fine-tuning cylinder 204 is installed between the vacuum suction cup 201 and the force transmission column 3 206, and the two ends of the fine-tuning cylinder 204 are connected by a ball joint. By extending or shortening the fine-tuning cylinder 204, the inclination angle of the vacuum suction cup 201 can be changed. There can be one fine-tuning cylinder 204, or at least two. A connecting plate can be set at the ball joint connection (movable connection) to make installation more convenient. For example, a connecting plate is fixed on the back of the vacuum suction cup 201, a connecting column is set on the connecting plate, a rotatable ball head is set on the connecting column, and the ball head is connected to the fine-tuning cylinder 204. Similarly, a connecting plate is also set on the force transmission column 3 206, a connecting plate is set on the connecting plate, a rotatable ball head is set on the connecting column, and the ball head is connected to the fine-tuning cylinder 204. According to actual conditions, as long as the two ends of the fine-tuning cylinder 204 are rotatably connected, the inclination angle of the vacuum suction cup 201 can be adjusted conveniently. Hydraulic cylinder 3 207 controls the longitudinal displacement of the vacuum suction cup 201 (along the longitudinal direction of the shield). Coordinated action: Hydraulic cylinder 3 207 pushes force transmission column 3 206 to move longitudinally, coarsely adjusting the position of the suction cup; fine-tuning cylinder 204 changes the inclination angle of the suction cup by telescoping to achieve fine rotation alignment.

[0103] In another embodiment, the piston rod of the fine-tuning oil cylinder 204 is connected to the base of the vacuum suction cup 201 through a universal joint, and the cylinder body of the fine-tuning oil cylinder 204 is set on (preferably rotatably connected) the force transmission column 3 206. When the oil cylinder is extended and retracted, it pushes the suction cup base to rotate around the ball joint fulcrum (see Figure 5 ) to adjust the angle between the suction cup normal and the tube surface.

[0104] In practice, hydraulic cylinder 3 207 extends and retracts, bringing vacuum cup 201 into contact with the inner wall of the segment to a predetermined distance (approximately 10-20 mm). Fine-tuning cylinder 204 extends and retracts, aligning vacuum cup 201 with the segment. After the hydraulic cylinder extends, bringing vacuum cup 201 into contact with the segment, hydraulic cylinder 205 applies pressure, forcing vacuum cup 201 into contact with the inner surface of the assembled segment 14. Furthermore, a pressure sensor can be installed on vacuum cup 201 to verify contact uniformity.

[0105] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they become aware of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as covering the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention. The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine, comprising a cutterhead, a main drive, a front shield, a middle shield, a shield tail, and a man gate, wherein the cutterhead is connected to the main drive, the front shield, the middle shield, and the shield tail are sequentially arranged behind the cutterhead, and the man gate is also arranged behind the cutterhead; characterized in that: It also includes a propulsion cylinder, a thrust transmission device, a segment assembly machine and an excavation face balancing device; the propulsion cylinder is arranged behind the cutterhead and connected to the thrust transmission device; the segment assembly machine is arranged at the thrust transmission device; The thrust transmission device includes a force transmission ring 1, an assembled oil cylinder, a load-bearing block, a hydraulic oil cylinder 1 and a load-bearing ring 2. One end of the assembled oil cylinder is fixed to the force transmission ring 1, the force transmission ring 1 is connected to the force transmission ring 2, the force transmission ring 2 is used to fix the hydraulic oil cylinder 1, the end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1 is fixed to the load-bearing block, and a spacing space is set between the load-bearing block and the assembled oil cylinder; The excavation surface balancing device includes hydraulic cylinder 2, force transmission column 3, hydraulic cylinder 3, and a holding mechanism. The holding mechanism is arranged at the end of hydraulic cylinder 2. Hydraulic cylinder 2 is installed on force transmission column 3. The side of force transmission column 3 is connected to the end of hydraulic cylinder 3.

2. The synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A M-beam is provided inside the middle shield, a longitudinal beam is provided at the rear of the M-beam, and hydraulic cylinder three is fixed on the beam.

3. The synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The propulsion cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the front shield and the middle shield and passes through the M-beam.

4. A synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A mounting cavity is provided on the force transmission column three, and the hydraulic cylinder two is fixed at the bottom of the mounting cavity.

5. The synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The holding mechanism includes a vacuum suction cup, a suction cup seal and an anti-shear column. The vacuum suction cup is fixed to the end of the second hydraulic cylinder. The vacuum suction cup is provided with a suction cup seal and an anti-shear column.

6. The synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shear column is fixed to the vacuum suction cup, and the shear column is arranged in the middle of the working surface of the vacuum suction cup.

7. The synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A force transmission column 1 and an intermediate column are arranged between the force transmission ring 1 and the force transmission ring 2. The force transmission ring 1 is fixed to the force transmission column 1, and the intermediate column is arranged between the force transmission column 1 and the force transmission ring 2.

8. A synchronous pushing and splicing construction method, characterized by: A synchronous propulsion and assembly shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7; comprising the following contents: Start shield tunneling and assembly steps: The main drive drives the cutterhead to rotate and cut the soil; the thrust cylinder applies thrust, which is transmitted to the front end of the assembled segment through the thrust transmission device; at the same time, the segment assembler assembles the segments to be assembled in the space between the thrust transmission device, completing the assembly of a ring of segments; Preparation steps for connecting the segments and moving the thrust transmission device forward: When the shield tunnel has advanced one segment length and the segments to be assembled are completed, the advancement is stopped; the excavation face balancing device is started, and after the thrust cylinder force is relieved to the excavation face balancing force value, the excavation face balancing device and the thrust cylinder complete the conversion of the excavation face balancing force; the hydraulic cylinder retracts, so that the bearing block is separated from the front end face of the assembled segment; Steps for connecting segments between rings: All assembly cylinders extend synchronously to push the segment to be assembled backward; use guide rods to guide the insertion of tapered hole 1 of the segment to be assembled and tapered hole 2 of the assembled segment to achieve precise alignment; fasten the segment to be assembled and the assembled segment with inter-ring bolts; The thrust transmission device moves forward by the following steps: the thrust transmission device moves forward by the distance of one segment; the hydraulic cylinder extends, the thrust cylinder is energized, and the force is transmitted through the thrust transmission device, so that the bearing block presses against the front end surface of the assembled segment; Steps to resume synchronous pushing and assembly: turn off the excavation face balancing device; pressurize the thrust cylinder to the target thrust, and continue to synchronously push and assemble the next ring of segments.

9. The synchronous pushing and splicing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working process of the excavation face balancing device includes: Hydraulic cylinder three extends to adjust the longitudinal position of the vacuum suction cup; the fine-tuning cylinder adjusts the rotation position of the vacuum suction cup so that it is aligned with the inner surface of the assembled segment; hydraulic cylinder two extends and pressurizes the suction cup to seal and press the assembled segment, and at the same time the shear column is inserted into the positioning hole; the vacuum suction cup is started, and the thrust of the propulsion cylinder is reduced to the balancing force of the excavation surface and then continues to reduce the thrust. At the same time, hydraulic cylinder three increases the equivalent force, and finally the thrust of the propulsion cylinder is reduced to 0. The force of hydraulic cylinder three is equal to the balancing force of the excavation surface, and the conversion of the balancing force of the excavation surface is completed.

10. The synchronous pushing and splicing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the segment ring connection process, the following guide alignment operations are performed: Guide rod pre-positioning: Pre-install the guide rod in the tapered hole 2 of the assembled segment so that the tapered head of the guide rod protrudes from the front end of the assembled segment; when assembling the segment, the assembled segment needs to be moved backward so that part of the tapered head of the guide rod enters the tapered hole 1 of the segment to be assembled, thus forming a pre-positioning; Synchronous backward movement and alignment: All assembly cylinders extend synchronously at a speed of 0.5-1.0mm / s to push the entire ring of segments to be assembled backward; the tapered head of the guide rod continues to be inserted into the tapered hole of the segment to be assembled, and the radial deviation is accurately aligned through the self-correction of the tapered surface; Eliminate the gap between rings: Continue to move the segment to be assembled backward until its rear end face fits with the front end face of the assembled segment; Fast bolt tightening: When the segments are fully fitted, all inter-ring bolts are tightened synchronously using an automatic wrench.

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