Hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system and hydrogen filling method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of hydrogen energy train cross car hydrogen storage system and its hydrogenation method.The hydrogen storage system is made of multiple hydrogen storage units, the hydrogen storage unit includes hydrogen injection port, bottle group assembly, each section of the hydrogen energy train carriage is equipped with one hydrogen storage unit;The hydrogen storage unit between adjacent carriages is connected by the hydrogen storage hose, forms the hydrogen flow channel that passes through;The bottle group assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage bottles, hydrogen sensor, solenoid valve and controller, by bottle group assembly joint hydrogen storage hose work, complete the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages.Compared with prior art, the present application has improved the overall hydrogenation efficiency of multiple unit train and other advantages.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the hydrogen energy train hydrogen storage technical field, especially to a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system and a hydrogen filling method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy is regarded as a key carrier for global energy structure transformation due to its zero carbon emission, high energy density and diversity of sources. In the field of rail transportation, hydrogen energy trains achieve "zero carbon driving" through fuel cell technology, which can effectively avoid the dependence of electric locomotives on thermal power generation and the electromagnetic pollution problem of overhead contact network, and become an important solution for low-carbonization of trunk railways and intercity transportation.

[0003] Cross-car hydrogen storage technology is one of the core paths for hydrogen energy trains to achieve efficient energy supply. Existing hydrogen energy trains mostly use single-car independent hydrogen storage mode, which requires switching the pipeline connection one by one during refueling, resulting in low efficiency. Most hydrogen energy trains use single-car independent hydrogen storage mode, and their safety measures rely on single-module pressure relief valves and manual inspection, which have response lag and leakage risk.

[0004] In the field of hydrogen filling and storage, an existing cross-car hydrogen storage system realizes fuel cell hydrogen supply sharing, but cannot solve the efficiency problem of hydrogen filling for multi-formation and large hydrogen storage capacity trains. Domestic hydrogen energy trains generally use a sequential filling mode, and there is no cross-car hydrogen storage design. High-speed trains need to complete multiple round trips every day, and if the filling time is too long, it will directly lead to loss of transport capacity.

[0005] In summary, the current hydrogen storage system cannot realize efficient synchronous hydrogen filling between multiple carriages, resulting in low efficiency of hydrogen filling process for multi-formation and large hydrogen storage capacity trains. Therefore, a cross-car solution for hydrogen storage and filling of hydrogen energy high-speed trains is needed. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system and a hydrogen filling method thereof.

[0007] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present application, a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system is provided, which is composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage units, the hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen filling port 1, a bottle group assembly, each carriage of the hydrogen energy train is equipped with one hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen storage units of adjacent carriages are connected through a hydrogen storage hose 3 to form a through hydrogen flow channel; the bottle group assembly includes a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles 2, a hydrogen sensor 5, a solenoid valve 6 and a controller 4, the bottle group assembly works together with the hydrogen storage hose 3 to complete synchronous hydrogen filling between multiple carriages.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, in the bottle group assembly, the hydrogen storage bottles 2 are arranged in parallel; the hydrogen gas sensors 5 are distributedly arranged and used for collecting pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottles 2 in real time; the electromagnetic valves 6 are used for controlling hydrogen gas flow paths; and the controller 4 integrates an SOC algorithm module, calculates the residual capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle 2 based on the SOC algorithm, generates a hydrogen injection sequence according to the principle of low-capacity priority hydrogen injection, and dynamically adjusts the opening degree of each electromagnetic valve 6 in real time.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the hydrogen injection ports 1 are arranged on the side of the train, when hydrogen is injected, any hydrogen injection port 1 is selected as an injection inlet to realize multi-path hydrogen injection; when hydrogen is injected, hydrogen gas is injected from any hydrogen injection port 1 and then is distributed to each car through a flexible pipeline system, and the hydrogen injection path and sequence are dynamically determined by the bottle group assembly during the hydrogen injection process to realize cross-car hydrogen injection.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the hydrogen storage hose 3 comprises a hydrogen storage hose support structure 31, a hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 and a hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33; the hydrogen storage hose support structure 31 is a multi-layer steel wire structure arranged between the hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 and the hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33; the hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 is made of polyamide material; and the hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33 is made of low-permeability polyformaldehyde material.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, a plurality of nodes are pre-set on the hydrogen storage hose 3, and an infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit is arranged at the nodes to monitor whether an abnormal condition occurs in the hydrogen storage hose 3 in real time; if the infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit detects an abnormal condition, the abnormal condition is fed back to the controller 4, and hydrogen injection is stopped; the abnormal condition includes temperature rise abnormality, local overheating and leakage risk.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the hydrogen storage hose 3 has a pressure resistance level of 60 MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700 mm, and temperature resistance performance of -40 DEG C to 65 DEG C, and a pipe diameter of 25 mm.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present application, a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen injection method is provided, and the method steps comprise:

[0015] S1, after the train stops at a hydrogen injection station, connecting a high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogen injection station to a hydrogen injection port (1) of an nth hydrogen storage unit, n being a positive integer;

[0016] S2, taking a controller 4 in the nth hydrogen storage unit as a master controller, and establishing bus communication with the controllers 4 in other hydrogen storage units;

[0017] S3, collecting pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottles 2 by a hydrogen gas sensor 5, and determining a hydrogen injection path by the master controller according to real-time data;

[0018] S4, each controller 4 controls the opening and closing of each electromagnetic valve 6 according to the hydrogen injection path, so that hydrogen flows into the hydrogen storage units of each compartment in turn through the hydrogen storage hose 3, and the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple compartments is completed.

[0019] S5, after all the compartments are filled, the main controller uniformly closes all the electromagnetic valves 6, and performs automatic pipeline residual pressure discharge operation.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the specific process of determining the hydrogen injection path by the main controller in S3 is as follows: first, the controller 4 calculates the remaining hydrogen storage amount of each hydrogen storage bottle 2 according to the real-time pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen storage bottle 2 collected by the hydrogen sensor 5; then, the actual hydrogen storage amount in each bottle is calculated in combination with the specification parameters of the hydrogen storage bottle 2; when determining the hydrogen injection path, the path that can make the flow between each compartment or each hydrogen storage bottle group more balanced is preferentially selected.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, during the filling process of S4, the compartment controller 4 controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 6 according to the local pressure change, so as to adjust the hydrogen injection rate of each compartment; the compartment controller 4 also collects the SOC level in real time, and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle 2, to predict the remaining capacity and the maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle 2, and according to the SOC evaluation result, a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow is allocated to different hydrogen storage bottles 2, and the hydrogen injection flow is dynamically adjusted in real time.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, during the filling process of S4, if the temperature collected by the hydrogen sensor 5 corresponding to any compartment exceeds the preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the controller 4 immediately closes the electromagnetic valve 6 corresponding to the compartment, and triggers the sound and light alarm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1、The hydrogen storage system in the present application is composed of multiple hydrogen storage units, wherein the hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen injection port and a bottle group assembly, and each compartment of the hydrogen energy train is equipped with a hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen storage units of adjacent compartments are connected through the hydrogen storage hose to form a through hydrogen flow channel; the bottle group assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage bottles, a hydrogen sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a controller, and the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple compartments is completed through the joint work of the bottle group assembly and the hydrogen storage hose, realizing a hydrogen storage and transportation structure with flexible connection across the train, saving a large amount of labor and time cost compared with the compartment-by-compartment filling method, improving the overall hydrogen filling efficiency of the multiple-unit, large-hydrogen-storage train, and being a key technical path to solve the bottleneck of large-scale operation of hydrogen energy trains.

[0025] 2. In this invention, the parallel arrangement of hydrogen storage cylinders facilitates gas flow; hydrogen sensors collect data in real time, providing a basis for monitoring the hydrogen storage status; solenoid valves flexibly control the hydrogen path; the controller integrates a SOC algorithm module, generating a hydrogen injection sequence according to the principle of prioritizing low-capacity hydrogen injection and dynamically adjusting the opening of the solenoid valves to optimize the hydrogen injection process, improve hydrogen utilization and injection efficiency, and the main controller calculates the hydrogen storage capacity based on sensor data and determines the actual storage capacity in conjunction with specification parameters, prioritizing the hydrogen injection path that makes the flow more balanced, avoiding uneven flow between different compartments or hydrogen storage cylinder groups, and improving the uniformity of hydrogen injection and system stability.

[0026] 3. In this invention, the hydrogen injection port is located on the side of the train, which is convenient for operation. When adding hydrogen, any hydrogen injection port can be selected as the injection port, so that the train can achieve simultaneous filling of multiple carriages through single-point hydrogen injection, realizing multi-path hydrogen injection. Moreover, if a hydrogen injection port fails, hydrogen can continue to be added through other hydrogen injection ports, improving the flexibility and reliability of hydrogen injection.

[0027] 4. In this invention, hydrogen sensors collect real-time pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinders, and the main controller determines the hydrogen injection path based on the real-time data. Each controller controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve according to the hydrogen injection path, allowing hydrogen to flow sequentially into the hydrogen storage units of each carriage through the hydrogen storage hose, completing synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages. After all carriages are filled, the main controller closes all solenoid valves and performs automatic pipeline residual pressure release. This reduces manual intervention throughout the process and improves operational efficiency.

[0028] 5. During the refueling process, the controller of each compartment also collects the SOC level in real time and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage cylinders, predicting the remaining capacity and maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage cylinder. Based on the SOC evaluation results, a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow rate is allocated to different hydrogen storage cylinders, and the hydrogen injection flow rate is dynamically adjusted in real time. By dynamically controlling the flow distribution through the SOC algorithm, the synchronous refueling of hydrogen storage modules in each compartment is achieved, avoiding problems such as excessive pressure difference and insufficient end flow rate.

[0029] 6. By setting up an infrared temperature sensing unit and a temperature and pressure control mechanism, this invention can quickly isolate risks under abnormal operating conditions and improve safety during the refueling process; by deploying an infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit at the hydrogen storage hose node, it can monitor abnormal conditions such as abnormal temperature rise, local overheating and leakage risk in real time, and promptly feed back to the controller to stop hydrogen refueling, so as to avoid safety accidents and ensure the safe and stable operation of the hydrogen storage system.

[0030] 7. In this invention, when the hydrogen sensor detects that the temperature exceeds the preset safe temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the solenoid valve is closed in time and an audible and visual alarm is triggered to quickly respond to the abnormal situation, prevent the danger from escalating, and ensure the safety of train personnel and equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system structure schematic diagram in the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 A hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogenation method flow chart in the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 A hydrogen storage hose structure schematic diagram in the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 A hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system structure schematic diagram in the present example of four marshalling hydrogen energy high-speed train in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 5 A cross-car hydrogen supply pipeline deformation cloud chart in the embodiment;

[0036] In the figure, 1 is a hydrogen injection port, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle, 3 is a hydrogen storage hose, 31 is a hydrogen storage hose support structure, 32 is a hydrogen storage hose outer layer, 33 is a hydrogen storage hose inner layer, 4 is a controller, 5 is a hydrogen sensor, 6 is a solenoid valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] In this embodiment, a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system is applied, and the system basic structure is as shown in Figure 1 which is suitable for efficient and safe filling and hydrogen storage management of multi-car hydrogen energy trains. The system includes the following structure and function modules:

[0040] 1. Hydrogen storage module: an independent hydrogen storage module is arranged at the top of each car, forming a bottle group assembly. The bottle group assembly is provided with a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles 2, a hydrogen sensor 5, a solenoid valve 6 and a controller 4.

[0041] 2. Flexible hose connection module: adjacent cars are connected by high-strength flexible hydrogen storage hoses 3 to form a through hydrogen flow channel. The hose used has a pressure rating of 60 MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700 mm and a temperature resistance of -40℃ to 65℃, and a pipe diameter of 25 mm. An infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit is arranged at the node of the flexible hose for real-time monitoring of temperature rise abnormalities, local overheating and leakage risks.

[0042] 3. Hydrogen injection structure and flow direction control: Multiple hydrogen injection ports 1 are provided on the side of the train, any of which can serve as an injection inlet to achieve multi-path hydrogen injection. During hydrogen injection, hydrogen can be injected from one end and distributed to each car through a flexible pipeline system to achieve cross-car hydrogen injection, with the injection path and sequence determined dynamically by the control system.

[0043] 4. Multi-level control and intelligent flow distribution: Each car hydrogen storage module is equipped with an independent controller 4, and the main controller collects real-time temperature, pressure, and SOC level of each bottle group. Based on the SOC algorithm, the main control system can dynamically adjust the hydrogen injection flow and coordinate the hydrogen injection rate of each bottle group to improve the hydrogen injection efficiency.

[0044] 5. Hydrogen injection process control flow: The system operates according to the following steps during the hydrogen injection stage:

[0045] (1) Connection stage: Connect the hydrogen injection port 1 to the external hydrogen source;

[0046] (2) System initialization: Controller 4 establishes a communication network;

[0047] (3) Path determination and valve opening: Open the target bottle group electromagnetic valve 6 in priority order;

[0048] (4) Synchronous hydrogen injection: Hydrogen is distributed to each bottle group, and the electromagnetic valve 6 is dynamically adjusted to ensure synchronous hydrogen injection.

[0049] (5) Safety protection and interlocking mechanism: The system has a multi-level safety interlocking mechanism, if the temperature of any car exceeds 65℃ or the local pressure exceeds the limit, the controller 4 will immediately close the electromagnetic valve 6 of the car and trigger an audible and visual alarm; if the infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit detects abnormal temperature rise or leakage signs, the system will immediately stop hydrogen injection; after hydrogen injection is completed, the system performs residual pressure release program to actively release the hose and internal residual high pressure, ensuring the safety of operators and equipment.

[0050] (6) Injection completion and system reset: When all bottle groups reach the set hydrogen storage pressure, the main controller closes all electromagnetic valves 6, and the system enters the running state.

[0051] Current hydrogen energy trains generally use independent injection for each car, which requires manual switching of the pipeline for each injection, resulting in low efficiency. To solve this problem, this scheme proposes a cross-car flexible connection structure and unified hydrogen injection method, which can achieve synchronous hydrogen injection for the entire train through one-time connection, significantly reducing the injection time and improving the vehicle turnover efficiency.

[0052] In this embodiment, a 4-car hydrogen energy high-speed train is taken as an example, and the goal is to complete efficient and safe injection of ≥500kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes. The system applied is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the hydrogen train includes a hydrogen injection port 1 and a cylinder assembly. Each carriage of the hydrogen-powered train is equipped with one of the aforementioned hydrogen storage units. The hydrogen storage units of adjacent carriages are connected by the hydrogen storage hoses 3 to form a continuous hydrogen flow channel. The cylinder assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage cylinders 2, a hydrogen sensor 5, a solenoid valve 6, and a controller 4. The cylinder assembly works in conjunction with the hydrogen storage hoses 3 to complete the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the hydrogen-powered train consists of four carriages (the first to the fourth carriages), each equipped with one of four sets of cylinder assemblies. Each cylinder assembly is equipped with a hydrogen sensor 5, a solenoid valve 6, and a controller 4. The carriages are connected by flexible hydrogen storage hoses 3, enabling cross-carriage hydrogen transmission. There are four hydrogen injection ports 1 (the first to the fourth hydrogen injection ports) on the outside of the train, all of which can be used as hydrogen injection inlets.

[0054] In this embodiment, high-pressure hydrogen is injected through the second hydrogen injection port, and hydrogen is sequentially transferred to the other three adjacent cylinder assemblies, achieving cross-vehicle hydrogen injection. The process is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0055] 1. Connection stage: After the train stops at the hydrogen refueling station, the external high-pressure hydrogen source is connected to the second hydrogen injection port through the quick connector.

[0056] 2. System initialization: The second controller (the main controller of the compartment where the second hydrogen injection port is located) establishes bus communication with the other three hydrogen storage module controllers (the first controller, the third controller, and the fourth controller).

[0057] 3. Path determination and valve opening: Based on the real-time collected pressure and temperature data of the cylinder group, the system determines the priority hydrogen injection sequence and sequentially opens the intake solenoid valves 6 of the third solenoid valve group (connected to the third cylinder group assembly), the fourth solenoid valve group (connected to the fourth cylinder group assembly), and the first solenoid valve group (connected to the first cylinder group assembly).

[0058] 4. Synchronous hydrogen injection process: Hydrogen enters the system through the second hydrogen injection port and is distributed in three directions via the hydrogen storage hose 3 to supply the third, fourth, and first cylinder assemblies respectively. The controllers 4 of each compartment adjust the opening of the solenoid valves 6 according to local pressure changes to maintain a balanced hydrogen injection rate and avoid a sharp increase in pressure difference or stagnation at the end.

[0059] To optimize the efficiency of the hydrogen injection process, the main control system uses a SOC algorithm to dynamically assess the current hydrogen storage level of each cylinder group and allocate the initial hydrogen injection flow rate accordingly. During the hydrogen injection process, the SOC value is updated in real time to adjust the hydrogen injection rate of each compartment, ensuring that each cylinder group reaches the target pressure simultaneously within approximately the same time frame. This improves the overall hydrogen refueling efficiency and reduces the risk of system pressure differential.

[0060] 5. Safety interlocking mechanism: If any bottle group appears abnormal, such as temperature rise detected by hydrogen probe or local pressure exceeding the set threshold, the corresponding controller 4 will immediately close the car electromagnetic valve 6 and issue an audible and visual alarm.

[0061] 6. End of filling and disconnection: When the hydrogen storage modules of the four cars all reach the set filling pressure, the control system closes all electromagnetic valves 6, performs a residual pressure relief program, disconnects the interface, and completes this filling.

[0062] By connecting multiple car hydrogen storage modules through flexible hoses, a hydrogen storage and filling path that can pass through the entire train is constructed, eliminating the traditional process of connecting and filling hydrogen one section at a time, thereby significantly improving train hydrogen filling efficiency, especially for multi-formation, large hydrogen storage capacity high-speed trains.

[0063] The flexible hose structure in this scheme is as shown in Figure 3 The hydrogen storage hose 3 includes a hydrogen storage hose support structure 31, a hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32, and a hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33; the hydrogen storage hose support structure 31 is a multi-layer steel wire structure, arranged between the hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 and the hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33, the hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 is made of polyamide material; the hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33 is made of low-permeability polyformaldehyde material. The multi-layer structure design of the hydrogen storage hose, the multi-layer steel wire support structure enhances the strength and flexibility, the polyamide outer layer is wear-resistant and resistant to chemical corrosion, the low-permeability polyformaldehyde inner layer reduces hydrogen permeation, ensuring hydrogen storage safety and extending the service life of the hose.

[0064] A plurality of nodes are pre-set on the hydrogen storage hose 3, and an infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit is arranged at the nodes for real-time monitoring of whether abnormal conditions occur in the hydrogen storage hose 3. If the infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit detects an abnormal condition, it is fed back to the controller 4 and the hydrogen filling is stopped; the abnormal condition includes temperature rise abnormality, local overheating and leakage risk. The hydrogen storage hose 3 has a pressure resistance level of 60MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700mm and a temperature resistance performance of -40℃ to 65℃, and a pipe diameter of 25mm. The performance parameters such as pressure resistance, temperature resistance, pipe diameter and bending radius are clear, so that the hydrogen storage hose 3 meets the complex working condition requirements of hydrogen energy trains, ensures stable transmission of hydrogen gas under different environmental conditions, and the appropriate pipe diameter and bending radius are conducive to reasonable arrangement in the train.

[0065] To verify the structural safety and connection reliability of the flexible hose hydrogen delivery system in this scheme under high pressure and complex operating conditions, numerical simulation analysis is performed using software. According to the hydrogen filling index of ≥500kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes, the corresponding pipeline hydrogen filling rate reaches a maximum of 120g / s. The simulation conditions comprehensively consider the fluid-structure interaction caused by 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen flowing at a flow rate of 120g / s and the superimposed effect of random vibration under vehicle operating environment.

[0066] The modeling object is a typical connection section of a cross-car flexible hose, the material parameters are selected according to the actual structure, the boundary conditions include steady-state high-pressure loading at the inlet, rigid boundary of the hose constraint point simulating fast interface connection, and superimposed random vibration. The target analysis index is the maximum deformation.

[0067] The simulation results are shown in Figure 5 The blue color in the figure represents the minimum total deformation of the structure, and the corresponding value is 0; the red color represents the maximum total deformation of the structure, and the corresponding value is 0.00012497 mm; the intermediate transition colors (such as cyan, green, yellow, etc.) correspond to different degrees of total deformation, and the values are between the minimum and maximum values. The color change intuitively shows the distribution of the total deformation of each part of the structure. As can be seen from the figure, under the maximum flow rate and the most unfavorable working condition, the maximum equivalent displacement of the inner wall of the flexible hose is about 0.000112497 mm, which is much lower than the design allowable deformation limit, and the deformation is concentrated in the transition area at the end of the hose, and there is no obvious stress concentration phenomenon; the overall deformation of the structure is continuous and smooth, and there is no local instability area.

[0068] Embodiment 2

[0069] In this embodiment, in order to solve the problem of low efficiency of hydrogen energy train filling by section, a flexible hose is used to connect independent hydrogen storage modules in multiple carriages to realize synchronous hydrogen filling between multiple carriages. The method steps include:

[0070] S1, after the train stops at the hydrogen filling station, connect the high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogen filling station to the hydrogen filling port 1 of the nth hydrogen storage unit, n is a positive integer;

[0071] S2, the controller 4 in the nth hydrogen storage unit is used as the main controller, and the bus communication is established with the controllers 4 in other hydrogen storage units;

[0072] S3, the hydrogen sensor 5 collects the pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottle 2 in real time, and the main controller determines the hydrogen filling path according to the real-time data;

[0073] S4, each controller 4 controls the opening and closing of each electromagnetic valve 6 according to the hydrogen filling path, so that hydrogen flows into each hydrogen storage unit of each carriage through the hydrogen storage hose 3 in turn, and synchronous hydrogen filling between multiple carriages is completed;

[0074] S5, after all the carriages are filled, the main controller uniformly closes all the electromagnetic valves 6, and performs automatic pipeline residual pressure relief operation.

[0075] The specific process of determining the hydrogen injection path by the main controller in S3 according to real-time data is as follows: first, the controller 4 calculates the remaining hydrogen storage amount of each hydrogen storage bottle 2 according to the real-time pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen storage bottle 2 collected by the hydrogen sensor 5; then, the actual hydrogen storage amount in each bottle is calculated in combination with the specification parameters of the hydrogen storage bottle 2; when determining the hydrogen injection path, the path that can make the flow between each compartment or each hydrogen storage bottle group more balanced is preferentially selected.

[0076] In the filling process of S4, the compartment controller 4 controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 6 according to the local pressure change, thereby adjusting the hydrogen injection rate of each compartment; the compartment controller 4 also collects the SOC level in real time and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle 2, to predict the remaining capacity and the maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle 2, and according to the SOC evaluation result, a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow is allocated to different hydrogen storage bottles 2, and the hydrogen injection flow is dynamically adjusted in real time.

[0077] In the filling process of S4, if the temperature collected by the hydrogen sensor 5 corresponding to any compartment exceeds the preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the controller 4 immediately closes the electromagnetic valve 6 corresponding to the compartment, and triggers an audible and light alarm.

[0078] In the method, the independent hydrogen storage modules in multiple compartments are connected by flexible hoses to realize synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple compartments, a hydrogen storage and transportation structure with flexible connection across the compartments is realized, and the overall hydrogen filling efficiency of the multiple-unit train is improved. The specific implementation process of the method is as follows:

[0079] (1) The modularization is arranged at the top of each compartment of the train, and the hydrogen storage units are connected in sequence by flexible hoses and quick connectors to form a hydrogen transmission channel running through the entire train;

[0080] (2) After the train stops at the hydrogen filling station, the high-pressure bottle group is connected through the filling interface of the filling compartment to establish a total gas inlet channel with the train hydrogen storage system;

[0081] (3) Start the hydrogen filling control system, open the bottle valve electromagnetic valve and pressure reducing valve electromagnetic valve of the first compartment, and make the high-pressure hydrogen gas flow into each compartment in sequence through the flexible hose;

[0082] (4) The pressure and temperature of each hydrogen storage unit are monitored in real time by the control system, and the hydrogen injection rate of each compartment is dynamically adjusted according to the collected parameters, so that the hydrogen filling of each compartment is completed in approximately the same time; the dynamic adjustment of the hydrogen injection rate does not depend on a single flow sensor, but distributes the flow by comparing the real-time pressure change rate of each hydrogen storage module.

[0083] (5) When the hydrogen storage unit of any car reaches the preset upper limit of pressure or temperature, the hydrogen injection path corresponding to the car is closed and an audible and visual alarm is started. The infrared temperature detection device set at each flexible hose node monitors the thermal abnormality to assist in judging hydrogen leakage or flow abnormality.

[0084] (6) After filling is completed, automatic residual pressure discharge operation is performed. The automatic residual gas discharge channel is realized without manual operation.

[0085] In summary, the method effectively solves the difficulties of limited hydrogen transmission between multiple hydrogen storage modules and complex synchronous control, significantly improves the hydrogen filling efficiency, and efficiently completes large-flow hydrogen filling for the whole train in the filling scene of multiple marshalling trains, providing technical support for large-scale and efficient operation of hydrogen energy trains.

[0086] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any skilled person in the art can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, and these modifications or replacements should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage system is composed of multiple hydrogen storage units, the hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen injection port (1) and a bottle group assembly, each car of the hydrogen energy train is equipped with a hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen storage units of adjacent cars are connected through hydrogen storage hoses (3) to form a through hydrogen flow channel; the bottle group assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage bottles (2), a hydrogen sensor (5), an electromagnetic valve (6) and a controller (4), which work together with the hydrogen storage hose (3) to complete the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple cars; In the bottle group assembly, the hydrogen storage bottles (2) are connected in parallel; the hydrogen sensor (5) is distributedly arranged to collect pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottle (2) in real time; the electromagnetic valve (6) is used to control the hydrogen flow path; the controller (4) integrates an SOC algorithm module, calculates the remaining capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle (2) based on the SOC algorithm, generates a hydrogen injection sequence according to the principle of low-capacity-first hydrogen injection, and dynamically adjusts the opening degree of each electromagnetic valve (6) in real time; The hydrogen injection port (1) is arranged on the side of the train, when hydrogen is added, any hydrogen injection port (1) is selected as the filling inlet to realize multi-path hydrogen injection; during hydrogen injection, hydrogen is injected from any hydrogen injection port (1) and then distributed to each car through the flexible pipeline system, and the hydrogen injection path and sequence are dynamically determined by the bottle group assembly during the hydrogen injection process to realize cross-car hydrogen injection; The hydrogen storage hose (3) includes a hydrogen storage hose support structure (31), a hydrogen storage hose outer layer (32) and a hydrogen storage hose inner layer (33); the hydrogen storage hose support structure (31) is a multi-layer steel wire structure arranged between the hydrogen storage hose outer layer (32) and the hydrogen storage hose inner layer (33), the hydrogen storage hose outer layer (32) is made of polyamide material; the hydrogen storage hose inner layer (33) is made of low-permeability polyformaldehyde material.

2. The hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system of claim 1, wherein, A plurality of nodes are pre-set on the hydrogen storage hose (3), and an infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit is arranged at the nodes to monitor whether an abnormal condition occurs in the hydrogen storage hose (3) in real time, if the infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit detects an abnormal condition, it is fed back to the controller (4) and the hydrogen injection is stopped; the abnormal condition includes temperature rise abnormality, local overheating and leakage risk.

3. The hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system of claim 2, wherein, The hydrogen storage hose (3) has a pressure resistance level of 60MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700mm and a temperature resistance of-40℃ to 65℃, and a pipe diameter of 25mm.

4. A method for cross-train hydrogenation of a hydrogen energy train, characterized in that, The method is applied to a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, and the method steps include: S1, after the train stops at the hydrogen filling station, connect the high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogen filling station to the hydrogen injection port (1) of the nth hydrogen storage unit, n is a positive integer; S2, take the controller (4) in the nth hydrogen storage unit as the master controller, and establish bus communication with the controllers (4) in other hydrogen storage units; S3, the hydrogen sensor (5) collects pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottle (2) in real time, and the master controller determines the hydrogen injection path according to the real-time data; S4, each controller (4) controls the opening and closing of each electromagnetic valve (6) according to the hydrogen injection path, so that hydrogen flows into the hydrogen storage units of each car through the hydrogen storage hose (3), and the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple cars is completed; S5, after all the compartments are filled, the main controller closes all the electromagnetic valves (6) and performs automatic residual pressure relief operation.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The specific process of determining the hydrogen injection path according to real-time data in S3 is as follows: first, the controller (4) calculates the remaining hydrogen storage amount of each hydrogen storage bottle (2) according to the real-time pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen storage bottle (2) collected by the hydrogen sensor (5); then, the actual hydrogen storage amount in each bottle is calculated in combination with the specification parameters of the hydrogen storage bottle (2); when determining the hydrogen injection path, the path that can make the flow among each compartment or each hydrogen storage bottle group more balanced is preferentially selected.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, In the filling process of S4, the compartment controller (4) controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve (6) according to the local pressure change, thereby adjusting the hydrogen injection rate of each compartment; the compartment controller (4) also collects the SOC level in real time and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle (2), to predict the remaining capacity and the maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle (2), and according to the SOC evaluation result, to reasonably divide the initial hydrogen injection flow for different hydrogen storage bottles (2) and to dynamically adjust the hydrogen injection flow in real time.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein, In the filling process of S4, if the temperature collected by the hydrogen sensor (5) corresponding to any compartment exceeds the preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the controller (4) immediately closes the electromagnetic valve (6) corresponding to the compartment and triggers the audible and light alarm.

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