Operation system control method, device and equipment for quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip

Abstract

The invention relates to an operating system control method, device and equipment for a quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a control instruction for the quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip, and converting the control instruction into a target code which can be executed by the quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip; running the target code, analyzing the control instruction into instruction stream data, and loading the instruction stream data into an instruction cache of the quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip; the quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip is controlled to sequentially take out instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode the instruction stream data to obtain corresponding target instructions; and determining an execution main body of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction, and sending the target instruction to the execution main body to obtain an execution result. According to the method, the control instruction is converted into the target code, that is, the advanced quantum algorithm is converted into the specific quantum low-temperature measurement and control chip instruction, more accurate control over the quantum state is achieved, and then the accuracy and reliability of quantum calculation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and in particular to an operating system control method, device, and equipment for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, the development of large-scale superconducting quantum computers has become a research hotspot. Superconducting quantum bits need to operate in an extremely low temperature environment close to absolute zero to suppress thermal noise and ensure the accuracy of quantum information processing.

[0003] Among related technologies, traditional electronic control systems mainly include CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) and SFQ (Single Flux Quantum). These systems can work normally at room temperature. The microwave signals used to control quantum bits are generated at room temperature and transmitted to the quantum bits at low temperature through cables.

[0004] However, traditional electronic control systems such as CMOS and SFQ, when working at low temperatures, may exceed the cooling capacity of the refrigerator due to their relatively high power consumption, resulting in an inability to effectively control quantum bits; in addition, the temperature of the control processor should be very close to the temperature of the quantum bits using superconducting interconnects, but room-temperature memory cannot be used because the interconnection between room-temperature memory and the low-temperature control processor will have considerable heat leakage due to the huge temperature difference between room temperature and low temperature, resulting in thermal noise, the size of which is sufficient to destroy the quantum state of the quantum bit, thereby reducing the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an operating system control method, device, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product for quantum low-temperature measurement and control chips to address the technical problem that the above-mentioned traditional electronic control system will cause the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing to decrease at low temperatures.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, the method comprising:

[0007] Obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0008] Run the target code, parse the control instructions into instruction stream data, and load the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0009] Control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction;

[0010] According to the type information of the target instruction, the execution subject of the target instruction is determined, and the target instruction is sent to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the execution subject of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction includes:

[0012] When the type information is an arithmetic logic instruction, the execution subject is determined to be a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0013] When the type information is an operation instruction, the execution subject is determined to be a quantum chip.

[0014] In one embodiment, sending the target instruction to the execution subject to obtain the execution result includes:

[0015] When the target instruction is an arithmetic logic instruction, the data in the target instruction is sent to the arithmetic logic unit of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip for operation to obtain an operation result, which is the execution result;

[0016] When the target instruction is an operation instruction, the operation instruction is converted into a control signal, and a microwave pulse is generated according to the control signal, and the microwave pulse is sent to the quantum chip to obtain the execution result.

[0017] In one embodiment, the operating system is externally connected to a room temperature control device, and the method further includes:

[0018] sending a control instruction to the room temperature control device so that the room temperature control device generates a microwave signal corresponding to the control instruction;

[0019] Acquiring characteristic parameters of the microwave signal, and updating the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters to obtain an updated control instruction;

[0020] Obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, including:

[0021] The updated control instructions are obtained and converted into target codes.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0023] Send microwave signals to the quantum chip, obtain the operation results, and return the operation results to the upper-level user;

[0024] When the received first feedback information indicates that the operation result is correct, obtaining characteristic parameters of the microwave signal and updating the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters;

[0025] When the received first feedback information indicates that the operation result is erroneous, first fault alarm information for the room temperature control device is output.

[0026] In one embodiment, after obtaining the execution result, the method further includes:

[0027] Return the execution results to the upper-level user to verify the correctness of the execution results;

[0028] When the received second feedback information indicates that the execution result is wrong, second fault alarm information for the execution subject corresponding to the execution result is output.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an operating system control device, the device comprising:

[0030] A control instruction conversion module is used to obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0031] The instruction parsing and loading module is used to obtain the control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0032] The target instruction generation module is used to control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve the instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction;

[0033] The target instruction execution module is used to determine the execution subject of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction, and send the target instruction to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0035] Obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0036] Run the target code, parse the control instructions into instruction stream data, and load the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0037] Control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction;

[0038] According to the type information of the target instruction, the execution subject of the target instruction is determined, and the target instruction is sent to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0040] Obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0041] Run the target code, parse the control instructions into instruction stream data, and load the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0042] Control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction;

[0043] According to the type information of the target instruction, the execution subject of the target instruction is determined, and the target instruction is sent to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0044] In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0045] Obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0046] Run the target code, parse the control instructions into instruction stream data, and load the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip;

[0047] Control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction;

[0048] According to the type information of the target instruction, the execution subject of the target instruction is determined, and the target instruction is sent to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0049] The above-mentioned operating system control method, device, computer equipment, storage medium and computer program product for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip include the following steps: obtaining control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and converting the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; running the target code, parsing the control instructions into instruction stream data, and loading the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; controlling the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction; determining the execution subject of the target instruction based on the type information of the target instruction, and sending the target instruction to the execution subject to obtain the execution result. The control method of the present application is based on an operating system with a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. By converting control instructions into executable target code and parsing the control instructions into instruction stream data for caching, advanced quantum algorithms are converted into specific quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip instructions. This instruction-level control can flexibly adjust the operation of each quantum bit according to different quantum computing tasks and needs, thereby achieving more precise manipulation of the quantum state, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing; in addition, the present method is based on the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and can work in a low-temperature environment, which can effectively reduce the influence of thermal noise, thereby improving the fidelity and calculation accuracy of the quantum bit; in addition, the present method integrates functions such as instruction translation, decoding, calculation and signal generation into the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to form a compact and efficient control system, which helps to reduce hardware costs and power consumption compared to traditional electronic control systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an application environment for an operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip in one embodiment;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of an operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip in one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 3 A flowchart of determining an execution subject according to an instruction type in one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 4 A flowchart of an execution subject executing a target instruction in one embodiment;

[0054] Figure 5 A flowchart of determining updated control instructions in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 6 is a flow chart of determining the operating state of a room temperature control device according to first feedback information in one embodiment;

[0056] Figure 7Flowchart of determining whether an execution subject has a fault according to second feedback information in one embodiment;

[0057] Figure 8 A structural block diagram of a control system control device in one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 9 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0060] In order to solve the technical problem that traditional electronic control systems can reduce the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing at low temperatures, the embodiments of the present application provide an operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, design an operating system management technology for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, couple the quantum computing chip with the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip in basic software modules such as the operating system device driver, and abstract it into a schedulable quantum computing unit with an instruction buffer, effectively shielding the complex heterogeneous and quantum characteristics from upper-level users, providing upper-level software with a unified usage specification with classical standards, and supporting the integrated and unified management of general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, and quantum processor devices. Among them, the operating system environment of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, as part of the quantum computing physical system, is a bridge between the upper-level software and the quantum chip. It can communicate with the host computer through a low-speed interface to obtain the quantum instructions to be executed; and realize the manipulation and measurement of the quantum chip through the XY channel, Z channel, and readout measurement channel. In addition, because this method is based on an extensible quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and its matching operating system, it can ensure that quantum bits can be precisely controlled in a low-temperature environment while also achieving high-capacity storage and low-power operation.

[0061] The operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to Figure 1In the application environment shown, terminal 102 communicates with server 104 via a network. A data storage system can store data that server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be integrated with server 104 or placed in the cloud or other network servers. Server 104 can be implemented as a standalone server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers. Terminal 102 can be a quantum computer equipped with a quantum chip and a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. The quantum chip is a key component that carries quantum bits and performs quantum information processing. It uses quantum bits (qubits) as information carriers and performs calculations and information processing based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It can achieve complex tasks that classical computers cannot complete. By performing specific quantum gate operations on qubits, it can execute quantum algorithms and process data with extremely high parallelism.

[0062] The quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip has both command execution and pulse control capabilities, allowing quantum infrastructure software to shield traditional room-temperature control equipment. The chip precisely controls and measures the quantum chip through the cryogenic measurement and control chip, ensuring stable and accurate operation in a low-temperature environment. Specifically, the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip parses and converts upper-layer control instructions, generating various signals, such as microwave pulses and radio frequency signals, that can precisely control the quantum bits in the quantum chip. Simultaneously, the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip is responsible for collecting the measurement signals output by the quantum chip, processing and analyzing these signals, and feeding the results back to the upper-layer control system. During this process, the instruction decoding unit within the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip is responsible for fetching and decoding instructions, the arithmetic logic unit performs operations on the relevant data, and the operational instructions are converted into control signals to drive the operation of the quantum chip.

[0063] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, this method is applied to Figure 1 The terminal in the example is used for illustration. It is understood that the method can also be applied to a server, and can also be applied to a system including a terminal and a server, and is implemented through the interaction between the terminal and the server. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 202: Obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and convert the control instructions into target codes executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0065] As can be seen from the foregoing, the operating system in the embodiments of this application serves as a bridge between the upper-level software and the quantum chip. It communicates with the host computer via a low-speed communication interface to obtain the quantum instructions to be executed. Quantum instructions are typically written in a high-level language and cannot be directly executed by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. Quantum instructions contain various operations on quantum bits, such as quantum gate operations (such as single-bit gates and two-bit gates). These operations can change the state of quantum bits and enable quantum information processing and calculation. The control instructions in this embodiment are quantum instructions. Control instructions are typically represented in a specific encoding format. After compilation and parsing, they are recognized and executed by the cryogenic quantum measurement and control chip to complete specific quantum computing tasks.

[0066] Specifically, the control instructions are compiled by the instruction translation module in the quantum computing compilation chain to generate target code. Target code is the compiled instruction data that can be executed by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. In other words, the target code is a compiled executable file containing a series of instructions that can control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip or quantum chip to complete specific tasks.

[0067] For example, suppose an X-gate operation is to be performed on a specific qubit in a quantum chip. An X-gate is a fundamental logic gate in quantum computing. Acting on a qubit, it acts like a NOT gate in classical logic, flipping the qubit's state—from 0 to 1, and vice versa. The control instruction for the X-gate operation first enters the instruction translation module in the quantum computing compilation chain. Based on the instruction set of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and the physical properties of the qubit, the instruction translation module translates the corresponding X-gate control instruction into specific instructions (machine language instructions) recognizable and understandable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, or target code. This target code contains all the information necessary to execute the X-gate operation, including the target qubit number and the time sequence of the operation.

[0068] Step 204 , running the target code, parsing the control instructions into instruction stream data, and loading the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0069] Among them, instruction stream data is an ordered instruction sequence formed by parsing, converting and sorting the original control instructions according to certain rules and formats. These instructions are basic operation commands that can be directly understood and executed by computers or chips. They contain all the operation information required to complete specific tasks, such as operation type, operation object, operation parameters, etc.

[0070] Specifically, the operating system is responsible for managing the resources of the computer system and the execution of programs. When running the target code, the operating system will parse the instructions one by one and organize them into instruction stream data. The operating system also initiates a load request and loads the upper-layer compiled target code into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip through the low-speed communication interface. The instruction cache is an area that temporarily stores instructions, facilitating the chip to quickly access instructions. Since the low-temperature environment has special requirements for signal transmission, a low-speed communication interface is used to ensure the stability of data transmission. The data transmission speed of the low-speed communication interface is relatively low, making it suitable for complex environments such as low temperatures.

[0071] For example, still taking the above-mentioned example of performing an X-gate operation on a specific quantum bit in the quantum chip, after obtaining the target code, the operating system begins to run the target code. During the running process, the operating system parses the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip instructions into instruction stream data, and recognizes that these instructions are for X-gate operations. It will organize these instructions according to the execution order and logical relationship so that they can be accurately loaded into the instruction cache later.

[0072] Step 206 , controlling the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction.

[0073] The target instruction is an instruction obtained after decoding the instruction stream data.

[0074] For example, after the operating system starts decoding on the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, the instruction decoding unit in the chip retrieves instructions related to X-gate operations from the instruction cache and decodes them. The instruction decoding unit determines the type of instructions and executes the corresponding operations.

[0075] Step 208: Determine the execution subject of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction, and send the target instruction to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0076] The type information of the target instruction is used to characterize the type of the target instruction. For different types of instructions, the corresponding execution subjects are determined, which can further streamline the execution of the instructions.

[0077] For example, the aforementioned X-gate operation is an instruction. For this operation, a microwave pulse of a specific frequency, amplitude, and phase is generated to achieve a state flip in the qubit. Specifically, the instruction decoding unit converts the compiled target instruction into a control signal for components such as a microwave generator, causing these components to generate microwave pulses that precisely control the target qubit to perform the X-gate operation. For example, the frequency of the microwave pulse is adjusted based on the qubit's resonant frequency to ensure that the microwave pulse resonates with the qubit, thereby achieving a state flip.

[0078] In the above-mentioned operating system control method for quantum cryogenic measurement and control chips, based on an operating system with a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, the control instructions are converted into executable target code and the control instructions are parsed into instruction stream data for caching, thereby converting advanced quantum algorithms into specific quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip instructions. This instruction-level control can flexibly adjust the operation of each quantum bit according to different quantum computing tasks and needs, thereby achieving more precise control of the quantum state, and thus improving the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing. In addition, this method is based on the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and can work in a low-temperature environment, which can effectively reduce the influence of thermal noise, thereby improving the fidelity and calculation accuracy of the quantum bit. In addition, this method integrates functions such as instruction translation, decoding, calculation and signal generation into the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to form a compact and efficient control system, which helps to reduce hardware costs and power consumption compared to traditional electronic control systems.

[0079] In one embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, according to the type information of the target instruction, the execution subject of the target instruction is determined, including:

[0080] Step 302: When the type information is an arithmetic logic instruction, determine that the execution subject is a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0081] The target instruction type information is used to characterize the target instruction type. Target instructions typically have a specific format, which includes a field for identifying the instruction type. For example, an instruction may consist of an opcode, an operand, and other components. The opcode component clearly indicates whether the instruction is a logic instruction or an operation instruction. Arithmetic logic instructions are primarily responsible for handling logical operations and data processing tasks in quantum computing. These instructions typically involve calculating quantum bit states, implementing quantum algorithms, and logically controlling sequences of quantum operations. For example, when executing a quantum algorithm, a series of logical judgments, data transfers, and computational operations are required. The instructions corresponding to these operations are arithmetic logic instructions.

[0082] Specifically, since computational logic instructions often require a certain amount of computing resources and logical processing power to execute, quantum cryogenic measurement and control chips are typically equipped with specialized computing units and logic circuits capable of effectively processing these computational logic instructions. Furthermore, they can adjust and optimize various parameters of the quantum chip based on the requirements of the computational logic instructions, ensuring the accuracy and stability of quantum computing. For example, when executing a quantum error correction algorithm, the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip can promptly adjust operations on qubits based on the results of the computational logic instructions to correct potential errors. Therefore, computational logic instructions can be delegated to the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0083] For example, if the opcode is pre-defined to represent a certain arithmetic logic operation (such as addition, multiplication, etc.), then when the instruction decoding unit recognizes this opcode, it will determine that the instruction is an arithmetic logic instruction; conversely, if the opcode corresponds to a quantum micro-operation (such as single-bit rotation, two-bit entanglement, etc.), it will be determined as an operation instruction.

[0084] Step 304: When the type information is an operation instruction, determine that the execution subject is a quantum chip.

[0085] Operation instructions are mainly used to directly control the state of qubits and implement specific quantum operations. These operations include quantum gate operations (X-gate, Y-gate, Z-gate, etc.), qubit initialization and measurement, etc.

[0086] Specifically, since the execution of operation instructions requires direct action on qubits, changing their physical state, and the execution process requires full utilization of quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement, quantum chips, as the carriers of qubits, are the primary means of implementing these physical operations. Quantum chips are the only component capable of realizing the quantum properties of qubits, and therefore, operation instructions can be executed by quantum chips. For example, when receiving an X-gate operation instruction, the quantum chip, driven by an external control signal, flips the qubit's state through internal physical mechanisms (such as the interaction between microwave pulses and the qubit).

[0087] In this embodiment, the corresponding execution entity is determined based on the specific type of target instruction, fully utilizing both the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and the quantum chip. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing results while also ensuring computational efficiency due to the streamlined execution of instructions. Furthermore, the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and quantum chip in this embodiment are coupled, allowing them to be abstracted into a schedulable quantum computing unit with an instruction buffer.

[0088] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the target instruction is sent to the execution subject to obtain the execution result, including:

[0089] Step 402: When the target instruction is an arithmetic logic instruction, the data in the target instruction is sent to the arithmetic logic unit of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip for operation to obtain an operation result, which is the execution result.

[0090] The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is the core component for performing arithmetic and logical operations in computers and quantum computing systems. It is usually integrated into a cryogenic quantum measurement and control chip and closely connected with other components such as the instruction decoding unit and instruction cache to form a complete computing module. This can shorten the distance of data transmission and reduce noise interference and delays during signal transmission, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of operations. In the context of quantum computing, the ALU is responsible for processing mathematical operations related to quantum computing, such as operations such as addition, multiplication, and phase calculation on the numerical values represented by the quantum state, in order to implement the logical steps in the quantum algorithm and output the calculation results.

[0091] Specifically, the instruction decoding unit passes the identified operation logic instructions and related data directly to the operation logic unit. After the operation logic unit completes the operation, the result can be quickly fed back to other components for subsequent processing, such as for updating the state of the quantum bit or as input for the next round of operation.

[0092] Step 404: If the target instruction is an operation instruction, the operation instruction is converted into a control signal, and a microwave pulse is generated according to the control signal, and the microwave pulse is sent to the quantum chip to obtain an execution result.

[0093] Among them, microwave pulses are signals used to control the state of quantum bits. By precisely controlling parameters such as the frequency, amplitude and phase of microwave pulses, the manipulation of quantum bits can be achieved.

[0094] Specifically, operation instructions are primarily used to control various operations on the quantum chip, such as changing the state of qubits. The instruction decoding unit converts these quantum micro-operation instructions into specific control signals and sends them to the corresponding components. These components, based on the control signals, generate the various microwave pulses required to control the quantum chip, thereby achieving precise control of the quantum chip.

[0095] In this embodiment, while the ALU and quantum chip have different functions, they typically collaborate in physical layout. The quantum chip primarily stores and processes qubit information, while the ALU provides the necessary mathematical support for qubit operations. The two are connected via specially designed circuits and interfaces to ensure efficient data transmission and interaction. This collaborative layout facilitates the efficient operation of the entire quantum computing system, enabling quantum algorithms to be executed through the combined efforts of the quantum chip and ALU.

[0096] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the operating system is externally connected to a room temperature control device, and the method further includes:

[0097] Step 502: Send the control instruction to the room temperature control device, so that the room temperature control device generates a microwave signal corresponding to the control instruction.

[0098] Traditionally, quantum chips are directly controlled by room-temperature control devices that generate microwave signals. However, since room-temperature control devices typically employ sophisticated electronic technology and precise signal generation circuits, they can stably generate microwave signals that meet the requirements. Therefore, they can provide a reliable signal source for quantum computing systems.

[0099] Specifically, according to the above content, the control instruction is a quantum instruction. Considering that the room temperature control device may not be able to directly recognize and execute it, it can first be compiled into an instruction that the room temperature control device can recognize and execute.

[0100] Step 504 : Acquire characteristic parameters of the microwave signal, and update the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters to obtain an updated control instruction.

[0101] Microwave signals are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 300MHz and 300GHz. Characteristic parameters of microwave signals include frequency, amplitude, phase, and pulse width. Frequency represents the number of times a microwave signal completes a periodic change per second. Different qubit operations may require microwave signals of specific frequencies. For example, a specific quantum gate operation may correspond to a microwave pulse of a specific frequency. By precisely controlling the frequency of the microwave signal, the state of the qubit can be accurately manipulated. Amplitude represents the intensity of the microwave signal. In quantum computing, the amplitude determines the strength of the microwave pulse's effect on the qubit; a larger amplitude may cause the qubit to undergo state changes more quickly. Phase reflects the relative position of the microwave signal within a cycle. When executing certain quantum algorithms, precise control of the microwave pulse's phase is required to achieve entanglement and coherent operations between qubits. Pulse width refers to the duration of the microwave pulse, and its magnitude influences the evolution of the qubit.

[0102] Specifically, when updating control instructions based on characteristic parameters, the following method can be used: First, the corresponding relationship between the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal and the control instructions must be clearly defined. For example, a mathematical model must be established between the microwave signal's frequency, amplitude, phase, and pulse width and the control parameters of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip or room temperature control device. Specialized measurement equipment can then be used to monitor the microwave signal's characteristic parameters in real time. These measurement devices, such as spectrum analyzers and oscilloscopes, can accurately measure parameters such as the microwave signal's frequency, amplitude, and phase. The monitored characteristic parameters are then compared with the expected parameters, and the deviation between the two is calculated. Based on the calculated characteristic parameter deviation, the control instructions are then updated using a pre-established mapping relationship. Alternatively, a feedback control algorithm can be used to dynamically update the control instructions. After updating the control instructions, the microwave signal's characteristic parameters are again monitored to verify whether the updated control instructions have achieved the desired characteristic parameters. If deviations persist, the above steps can be repeated, further adjusting the control instructions until the microwave signal's characteristic parameters meet the requirements of quantum computing.

[0103] For example, for the frequency characteristic parameter, a function f can be established control =f(f signal ), where f signal is the frequency of the microwave signal, f control is the corresponding control instruction parameter; compare the monitored characteristic parameter with the expected parameter and calculate the deviation between the two. For example, if the expected microwave signal frequency is f target , and the actual measured frequency is f measured , then the frequency deviation Δf = f measured -f target The control instructions are then updated based on the pre-established mapping relationship and deviation. For example, in a qubit manipulation experiment, the control instructions initially set the microwave signal frequency to 5 GHz, but the actual frequency was measured to be 5.01 GHz. Based on the pre-established mapping relationship between frequency and control instructions, the frequency control parameter in the control instructions needs to be reduced by a certain value. After updating the control instructions, the microwave signal frequency is measured again. If the frequency is close to 5 GHz, the updated control instructions are valid. If there is still a deviation, the control instructions are further adjusted.

[0104] Step 506: Obtain updated control instructions and convert the updated control instructions into target codes.

[0105] The updated control instructions are more accurate based on the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal. Accordingly, the target code converted from the updated control instructions is also more accurate, thus ensuring the accuracy of the final quantum computing results.

[0106] In this embodiment, the room temperature control device is used to generate accurate microwave signals, and its characteristic parameters are converted into quantum instructions, which can effectively improve the control precision of the quantum computing system and the accuracy of the calculation results.

[0107] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the method further includes:

[0108] Step 602: Send the microwave signal to the quantum chip to obtain the operation result, and return the operation result to the upper-level user.

[0109] The operation result is the result of the quantum chip performing the corresponding action after receiving the microwave signal. The upper-level user is the user corresponding to the upper-level software.

[0110] Step 604: When the received first feedback information indicates that the operation result is correct, characteristic parameters of the microwave signal are obtained, and the control instruction is updated according to the characteristic parameters.

[0111] The first feedback information is information provided by the upper-level user to the operating system regarding whether the quantum chip's operation results after executing the corresponding action based on the microwave signal generated by the room temperature control device are correct. If the first feedback information indicates that the operation result is correct, it indicates that the room temperature control device is operating normally and the microwave signal it generates is correct. The control instructions can be updated based on the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal.

[0112] For example, for a specific superconducting quantum bit system, performing an X-gate operation to transform the 0 state into the 1 state may require a microwave signal with a frequency of 5 GHz, an amplitude of a specific value, a phase of 0°, and a pulse width of 10 ns. That is, if the quantum bit is initially in the 0 state, after the X-gate operation, it should theoretically transform into the 1 state. If it ultimately transforms from the 0 state into the 1 state, then the first feedback information received by the operating system is that the operation result is correct, indicating that the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal are accurate and reliable, and can be used as a basis for updating control instructions.

[0113] Step 606: When the received first feedback information indicates an operation result error, output first fault alarm information for the room temperature control device.

[0114] When the first feedback indicates an error in the running result, it's likely that a problem with the room temperature control device caused an inaccurate microwave signal, which in turn affected the quantum chip's calculation results. The first fault alarm can be output in various ways, such as audible and visual alarms, SMS notifications, and system interface prompts, to promptly notify relevant personnel to inspect and repair the room temperature control device, ensuring the quantum computing system can resume normal operation as soon as possible.

[0115] For example, if the state does not change from 0 to 1, it is determined that the operation result is erroneous, and the room temperature control device is the source of the microwave signal. If the X-gate operation result is erroneous, it indicates that the room temperature control device is faulty and needs to be repaired. Therefore, when the first feedback information indicates an operation result error, it is necessary to promptly output the first fault alarm information for the room temperature control device.

[0116] In this embodiment, when updating or calibrating control instructions based on the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal generated by the room temperature control device, it is first determined whether the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal are correct and reliable. That is, it is necessary to first determine whether the room temperature control device is operating normally. Only when the room temperature control device is operating normally can it be determined that the characteristic parameters of the generated microwave signal are reliable, thereby helping to ensure the accuracy and reliability of subsequent quantum computing results.

[0117] In one embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, after obtaining the execution result, the method further includes:

[0118] Step 702: Return the execution result to the upper-level user to verify the correctness of the execution result.

[0119] According to the above content, whether the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip executes the operation logic instructions or the quantum chip executes the operation instructions, the execution results must be returned to the upper-level user in order to verify the accuracy of the execution results in a timely manner.

[0120] For example, after executing an X-gate operation, the operating system measures the state of the target qubit through the readout measurement channel. This measurement process converts the qubit's quantum state information into a detectable signal, such as an electrical signal. The operating system processes and analyzes these measurement signals to obtain the qubit's final state data. For example, if the initial state is 0, it should become 1 after the X-gate operation, and the measurement result will reflect this state change. Finally, the operating system returns the measured state data to the upper-layer user via a low-speed communication interface, completing the entire X-gate operation control and measurement process.

[0121] Step 704: When the received second feedback information indicates an execution result error, output second fault alarm information for the execution subject corresponding to the execution result.

[0122] The second feedback information is information provided by the upper-level user to the operating system regarding the correctness of the execution results of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip or quantum chip. If the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal are confirmed to be correct, but the second feedback information received indicates an error in the execution result, this indicates a fault or anomaly in the execution entity (the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip or quantum chip) executing the updated control instructions, necessitating the timely output of a second fault alarm message for that execution entity. This second fault alarm message can also be output through various means, such as audible and visual alarms, text message notifications, and system interface prompts, to promptly notify relevant personnel to inspect and repair the relevant execution entity, ensuring the quantum computing system can resume normal operation as soon as possible.

[0123] For example, when it is determined that the characteristic parameters of the microwave signal are correct, if the execution result of the quantum chip fails to execute normally for the X-gate operation instruction that changes the 0 state to the 1 state, it indicates that there is a fault in the quantum chip and it needs to be inspected or repaired in time.

[0124] In this embodiment, since the execution subjects have been divided according to the instruction type, when executing the control instruction, if there is an error in the execution result, the faulty execution subject can be quickly determined, that is, the quantum chip or quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip has a fault, thereby ensuring the reliability and operating efficiency of the operating system for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0125] This embodiment adopts the above-mentioned method, based on an operating system equipped with a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, by converting control instructions into executable target code and parsing the control instructions into instruction stream data for caching, thereby converting advanced quantum algorithms into specific quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip instructions. This instruction-level control can flexibly adjust the operation of each quantum bit according to different quantum computing tasks and requirements, achieving more precise manipulation of the quantum state, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of quantum computing. Furthermore, this method, based on the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, can operate in a low-temperature environment, which can effectively reduce the impact of thermal noise, thereby improving the fidelity and computational accuracy of quantum bits. In addition, this method integrates functions such as instruction translation, decoding, calculation, and signal generation into the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, forming a compact and efficient control system with a high degree of integration. Compared with traditional electronic control systems, this method helps reduce hardware costs and power consumption. Moreover, the modular design of the operating system of this method makes it easy to add instruction channels and computing resources, that is, it has good scalability, thereby meeting the control needs of more quantum bits. In addition, this method unifies the use of the cryogenic measurement and control chip with the use method of the classical computing environment, providing standard processes such as target code parsing, loading, and execution.

[0126] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above are displayed in sequence according to the instructions of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed and completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0127] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides an operating system control device for implementing the aforementioned operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the aforementioned method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more operating system control device embodiments provided below can be found in the aforementioned limitations of the operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and will not be further elaborated here.

[0128] In one embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, an operating system control device is provided, including: a control instruction conversion module 802, an instruction parsing and loading module 804, a target instruction generation module 806 and a target instruction execution module 808, wherein:

[0129] The control instruction conversion module 802 is used to obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target codes executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0130] The instruction parsing and loading module 804 is used to obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target codes executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip.

[0131] The target instruction generation module 806 is used to control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve each instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode it to obtain the corresponding target instruction.

[0132] The target instruction execution module 808 is used to determine the execution subject of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction, and send the target instruction to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

[0133] In one embodiment, the target instruction execution module 808 is further configured to: when the type information is an arithmetic logic instruction, determine that the execution subject is a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; when the type information is an operation instruction, determine that the execution subject is a quantum chip.

[0134] In one embodiment, the target instruction execution module 808 is further used to: when the target instruction is an arithmetic logic instruction, send the data in the target instruction to the arithmetic logic unit of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip for calculation, and obtain the calculation result, which is the execution result; when the target instruction is an operation instruction, convert the operation instruction into a control signal, generate a microwave pulse according to the control signal, and send the microwave pulse to the quantum chip to obtain the execution result.

[0135] In one embodiment, the control instruction conversion module 802 is further used to: send the control instruction to the room temperature control device so that the room temperature control device generates a microwave signal corresponding to the control instruction; obtain characteristic parameters of the microwave signal, and update the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters to obtain an updated control instruction; obtain the updated control instruction, and convert the updated control instruction into a target code.

[0136] In one embodiment, the control instruction conversion module 802 is further used to: send a microwave signal to the quantum chip, obtain an operation result, and return the operation result to an upper-level user; when the first feedback information received indicates that the operation result is correct, obtain characteristic parameters of the microwave signal, and update the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters; when the first feedback information received indicates that the operation result is incorrect, output a first fault alarm message for the room temperature control device.

[0137] In one embodiment, the target instruction execution module 808 is also used to: return the execution result to the upper-level user to verify the correctness of the execution result; and when the second feedback information received is an execution result error, output a second fault alarm information for the execution subject corresponding to the execution result.

[0138] Each module in the operating system control device described above may be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module may be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or may be stored in a memory in the computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0139] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 9As shown. The computer device includes a processor, memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal via wired or wireless communication. Wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, NFC (near-field communication), or other technologies. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements an operating system control method for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display or an electronic ink display. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, keys, a trackball, or a touchpad provided on the computer device housing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 9 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0141] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0142] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0143] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executed by a processor.

[0144] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties.

[0145] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments. In particular, any reference to memory, database, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchains. The processors involved in the various embodiments provided herein may be, but are not limited to, general-purpose processors, central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), data processing logic devices based on quantum computing, and the like.

[0146] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0147] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling an operating system of a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining control instructions for a quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip, and converting the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; Running the target code, parsing the control instruction into instruction stream data, and loading the instruction stream data into the instruction cache of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; Controlling the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve the instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode them to obtain corresponding target instructions; According to the type information of the target instruction, the execution subject of the target instruction is determined, and the target instruction is sent to the execution subject to obtain an execution result.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining an execution subject of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction includes: When the type information is an arithmetic logic instruction, determining that the execution subject is the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; When the type information is an operation instruction, the execution subject is determined to be the quantum chip.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of sending the target instruction to the execution subject and obtaining the execution result includes: In the case where the target instruction is an arithmetic logic instruction, data in the target instruction is sent to the arithmetic logic unit of the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip for calculation to obtain a calculation result, which is the execution result; In the case where the target instruction is an operation instruction, the operation instruction is converted into a control signal, and a microwave pulse is generated according to the control signal, and the microwave pulse is sent to the quantum chip to obtain the execution result.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The operating system is externally connected to a room temperature control device, and the method further includes: sending the control instruction to the room temperature control device so that the room temperature control device generates a microwave signal corresponding to the control instruction; Acquiring characteristic parameters of the microwave signal, and updating the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters to obtain an updated control instruction; The step of obtaining control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and converting the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip includes: The updated control instruction is obtained, and the updated control instruction is converted into the target code.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending the microwave signal to the quantum chip to obtain an operation result, and returning the operation result to an upper-layer user; When the received first feedback information indicates that the operation result is correct, obtaining characteristic parameters of the microwave signal, and updating the control instruction according to the characteristic parameters; When the received first feedback information indicates that the operation result is erroneous, first fault alarm information for the room temperature control device is output.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that After obtaining the execution result, the method further includes: Returning the execution result to the upper-layer user to verify the correctness of the execution result; In the case where the received second feedback information indicates that the execution result is wrong, second fault alarm information for the execution subject corresponding to the execution result is output.

7. An operating system control device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A control instruction conversion module is used to obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; An instruction parsing and loading module is used to obtain control instructions for the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip and convert the control instructions into target code executable by the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip; a target instruction generation module, configured to control the quantum cryogenic measurement and control chip to sequentially retrieve the instruction stream data from the instruction cache and decode the data to obtain the corresponding target instruction; The target instruction execution module is used to determine the execution subject of the target instruction according to the type information of the target instruction, and send the target instruction to the execution subject to obtain the execution result.

8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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