Steel structure earth-rock dam construction method and system based on BIM technology

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of engineering construction, and provides a BIM technology-based steel structure earth and rockfill dam construction method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: building a dam full-specialty BIM model, and automatically detecting inter-specialty conflicts including landforms, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information and earth and rockfill geometric attributes; the whole construction process is simulated based on a BIM model, and earth-rock excavation, steel structure installation and layered filling and compaction are demonstrated in stages; importing the project progress schedule into the BIM platform, associating the model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation; the steel structure installation deviation and the earthwork compaction degree are dynamically input into the BIM model, a quality thermodynamic diagram is generated, and automatic early warning is carried out on a standard exceeding area; and comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, and analyzing the lagging reason. By establishing a full-specialty BIM model and automatically detecting conflicts among specialties, design errors and changes are effectively avoided, and construction delay and cost increase caused by design problems are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, and in particular to a method and system for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology. Background Art

[0002] The construction of traditional steel-structured earth-rock dams faces numerous complex problems and challenges. From the design stage, dam construction involves multiple disciplines, including hydraulic engineering, geological engineering, and structural engineering. Disparate design information from each discipline, coupled with a lack of effective integration and collaboration platforms, leads to poor communication between disciplines and the risk of design conflicts. For example, mismatches between steel structure design and topography and geological conditions, and spatial and temporal interference between earthwork and steel structure construction, can severely impact project quality and progress.

[0003] In terms of construction process management, traditional methods struggle to intuitively display the entire construction process. Key processes such as earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered fill and compaction lack dynamic, visual simulation capabilities. This makes it difficult for construction personnel to accurately grasp the construction sequence and process requirements, which can easily lead to construction chaos and waste of resources. Furthermore, the lack of effective correlation and dynamic comparison between the project schedule and actual construction status prevents timely identification of progress delays and the implementation of effective measures to address them, increasing the risk of project delays.

[0004] Traditional quality control methods rely heavily on manual recording and post-analysis, making it difficult to dynamically monitor key quality indicators such as steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction in real time. This inability to issue timely warnings for areas exceeding quality standards leads to delayed problem detection, increased handling costs, and even potential impacts on the overall safety and stability of the dam. Therefore, a BIM-based steel structure earthwork dam construction method and system are needed to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a steel structure earth-rock dam construction method and system based on BIM technology to solve the problems existing in the above background technology.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock embankment dam based on BIM technology, the method comprising the following steps: Establish a comprehensive BIM model of the dam, automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometry. The entire construction process was simulated based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages; Import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animation; Dynamically input steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically warn of areas exceeding the standard; Compare 4D construction simulation progress with actual progress, analyze delays, and adjust resource allocation through BIM models.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of establishing a comprehensive BIM model of a dam and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines specifically include: Obtain topographic data of the dam area through UAV oblique photography and LiDAR scanning; collect geological survey reports and hydrological monitoring data to determine geological data and hydrological conditions; According to the design drawings, extract the type, specification, quantity and connection method of the steel structure, use the steel structure design software to build a 3D model of the steel structure, and perform collision detection and optimization design; Based on the dam's design cross-section and terrain data, calculate the earthwork excavation volume, fill volume, and compaction requirements, and use earthwork calculation software to generate a three-dimensional model of the earthwork; The conflict detection tool based on the BIM platform performs geometric conflict detection, logical conflict detection and data conflict detection.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the entire construction process is simulated based on the BIM model, and the steps of earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction are demonstrated in stages, specifically including: Determine the corresponding construction parameters for each construction phase based on the BIM platform. Construction parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel; Utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the entire construction process is dynamically simulated to visually display the excavation process of earth and stone, the installation process of the steel structure, and the layered filling and compaction process of earth and stone. The construction simulation results are then analyzed to check whether there are any collisions or conflicts during the construction process.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of importing the project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation specifically include: Import the completed project schedule into the BIM platform, assign corresponding construction tasks to each model component, and establish the relationship between the model components and the schedule; Based on the 4D construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the 3D model is integrated with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively displays the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the step of dynamically entering the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction degree into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map specifically includes: Real-time collection of steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction using total stations, levels, and compaction detectors; Through the Internet of Things technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction degree is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components; A quality heat map is generated based on the key data entered, with green representing areas with qualified quality, yellow representing areas close to exceeding the quality standard, and red representing areas exceeding the quality standard.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the step of comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress and analyzing the cause of the delay specifically includes: Upload the actual progress data of the dam construction, compare the actual progress data with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation, and calculate the progress deviation; Based on the earned value analysis method, the progress deviation is quantitatively analyzed to obtain the reasons for the delay. Based on the reasons for the delay, a simulation analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact on the construction progress.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a steel structure earth-rock dam construction system based on BIM technology, the system comprising: The BIM model building module is used to build a comprehensive BIM model of the dam and automatically detect conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometry. The construction process simulation module is used to simulate the entire construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages; 4D construction simulation module, used to import project schedules into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animations; The quality heat map generation module is used to dynamically input the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically warn of areas exceeding the standard; The construction progress analysis module is used to compare the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for delays, and adjust resource allocation through the BIM model.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By establishing a full-discipline BIM model and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines, design errors and changes are effectively avoided, the accuracy and reliability of design solutions are improved, and construction delays and cost increases caused by design problems are reduced.

[0014] The full-process construction simulation based on the BIM model enables construction personnel to intuitively understand the construction sequence and process requirements, discover and solve potential problems in advance, optimize construction plans, improve construction efficiency, and reduce confusion and waste of resources during the construction process.

[0015] By linking the project schedule with the BIM model to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, dynamic and visual management of the schedule is achieved. By comparing the simulated progress with the actual progress, delays can be analyzed and resource allocation adjusted to ensure timely completion of the project and reduce the risk of project delays.

[0016] Dynamically inputting steel structure installation deviation and earth and rock compaction data, generating quality heat maps and automatic early warnings, enables real-time monitoring and timely processing of quality information, can promptly discover and resolve quality problems, ensure the engineering quality and safety performance of the dam, and reduce subsequent maintenance costs and safety risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the construction method of steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the steel structure earth-rock dam construction system based on BIM technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock embankment dam based on BIM technology, the method comprising the following steps: S100 builds a comprehensive BIM model of the dam, automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometry. S200, based on the BIM model, simulates the entire construction process, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages; S300, import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate the model components, and generate a 4D construction simulation animation; S400 dynamically inputs steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction into the BIM model, generating a quality heat map and automatically issuing warnings for areas exceeding standards; S500 compares the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, analyzes the reasons for delays, and adjusts resource allocation through the BIM model.

[0022] It should be noted that the continuous development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, with its powerful three-dimensional visualization, information integration, and collaborative working capabilities, has provided new ideas and methods for solving the above-mentioned problems. BIM technology can integrate various types of information during the dam construction process on a unified platform, enabling collaborative design and information sharing among different disciplines. It can also simulate and optimize the construction process, monitor quality status in real time, and effectively improve the efficiency and quality of engineering construction. Under traditional design methods, each discipline's design information is independent and lacks collaboration, leading to frequent conflicts between disciplines. The embodiments of the present invention establish a comprehensive BIM model of the dam, integrating multi-disciplinary information such as topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometric properties. Utilizing the automatic detection function of BIM software, conflicts between disciplines can be detected and resolved in advance, avoiding design changes and rework during construction. Traditional construction processes lack intuitive display methods, making it difficult for construction personnel to accurately grasp the construction sequence and process requirements.

[0023] The present invention uses a BIM model to simulate the entire construction process, demonstrating key processes such as earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages. This allows construction personnel to clearly understand the construction process, identify potential problems in advance, optimize construction plans, and improve construction efficiency and quality. Traditional project progress management methods struggle to dynamically compare the planned schedule with actual construction status, making it difficult to promptly identify delays. This embodiment of the present invention integrates the project schedule with the 3D model by importing it into the BIM platform, linking model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation. By comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, the cause of the delay can be promptly analyzed, and resource allocation can be adjusted using the BIM model to ensure the project progresses as planned. Traditional quality inspection methods often rely on manual recording and post-analysis, making it difficult to monitor quality status in real time. This embodiment of the present invention dynamically enters steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction into the BIM model, generating a quality heat map and automatically issuing warnings for areas exceeding standards. This enables real-time monitoring of quality information and timely warnings, facilitating timely rectification measures and ensuring project quality.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of establishing a full-discipline BIM model of a dam and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines specifically include: Obtain topographic data of the dam area through UAV oblique photography and LiDAR scanning; collect geological survey reports and hydrological monitoring data to determine geological data and hydrological conditions; According to the design drawings, extract the type, specification, quantity and connection method of the steel structure, use the steel structure design software to build a 3D model of the steel structure, and perform collision detection and optimization design; Based on the dam's design cross-section and terrain data, calculate the earthwork excavation volume, fill volume, and compaction requirements, and use earthwork calculation software to generate a three-dimensional model of the earthwork; The conflict detection tool based on the BIM platform performs geometric conflict detection, logical conflict detection and data conflict detection.

[0025] In this embodiment of the present invention, high-precision topographic data of the dam area, including terrain elevation, slope, and aspect, is acquired. This data is preprocessed to remove noise, fill data gaps, and generate a digital elevation model (DEM). Geological survey reports are also collected to extract parameters such as the distribution, thickness, and physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil layers. Using geological modeling software such as GOCAD and RockWorks, a three-dimensional geological model is constructed based on the geological survey data, visually displaying the geological structure of the dam area. Hydrological monitoring data such as water level, flow rate, and velocity are also collected to analyze hydrological patterns. Combining topographic and geological data, hydrodynamic modeling software such as MIKE and HEC-RAS is used to simulate water flow in the dam area and assess the extent of flooding and the forces acting on the dam.

[0026] Based on the design drawings, the type, specifications, quantity, and connection methods of the steel structure are extracted. A 3D model of the steel structure is then created using steel structure design software (such as Tekla Structures or Revit Structure), followed by collision detection and design optimization. Based on the dam's design cross-section and topographic data, the excavation volume, fill volume, and compaction requirements for the earthwork are calculated, and a 3D model of the earthwork is generated using earthwork calculation software (such as Civil 3D). Finally, BIM platform clash detection tools (such as Navisworks' Clash Detective and Revit's Interference Check) are used to detect geometric clashes (spatial overlap or collision between components), logical clashes (irrational construction sequence or process), and data clashes (inconsistent attribute information).

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the excavation volume, filling volume, and compaction requirements of earthwork based on the design cross-section of the dam and terrain data, and generating a three-dimensional model of the earthwork using earthwork calculation software specifically includes: Convert the terrain data of the dam into a digital elevation model to obtain the original terrain surface; extract the coordinates of the control points of the design section of the dam; Obtain the rock and soil type, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area based on the geological survey report. Use geological modeling software to interpolate discrete borehole data into a continuous spatially distributed geological attribute field based on the rock and soil type, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area to obtain a geological correction coefficient field. Obtain the type of construction machinery, layered filling thickness, and number of compaction passes, and calculate the construction process coefficient based on the type of construction machinery, layered filling thickness, and number of compaction passes. This is used to quantify the impact of construction efficiency on the compaction effect and layered filling thickness, and to correct the earthwork volume compensation caused by insufficient compaction. According to the original terrain surface and the coordinates of the control points, the triangulation method is used to expand the discrete design control points into a continuous surface to obtain the design elevation surface; Calculate the elevation difference between the design elevation surface and the original terrain surface, and integrate the elevation difference using the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the reference volume. If the elevation difference is negative, it indicates an excavation area, and the amplification effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the excavation volume is deducted. If the elevation difference is positive, it indicates a fill area, and the compression effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the fill volume is taken into account. Obtain real-time distribution data of compaction status in each area; generate theoretical maximum compaction field based on soil and rock material type in the filling area; Screen out insufficiently compacted areas based on real-time compaction status distribution data and theoretical maximum compaction field; Based on the real-time compaction status distribution data, the theoretical maximum compaction degree field, and the construction process coefficient, the volume of additional fill required in the undercompacted area is calculated. The required additional fill volume is adjusted using the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the corrected volume. In the BIM platform, the distribution data of the corrected volume, geological correction coefficient field, and real-time compaction status are bound to the three-dimensional model components to obtain a three-dimensional model of earthwork with attributes.

[0028] In this embodiment, the present invention dynamically adjusts earthwork volume calculations by combining compaction with material properties. By introducing the relationship between material expansion coefficient and compaction, the problem of material looseness variation during actual construction, which is not considered by traditional methods, can be solved. Discrete borehole data is interpolated into a continuous geological correction coefficient field to quantify the actual impact of different rock and soil types on excavation and filling, avoiding the "point-for-surface" error in traditional methods. The construction process coefficient is introduced, combining mechanical properties (such as vibratory roller power) with process requirements (layer thickness, number of compaction passes) to dynamically correct the volume compensation caused by insufficient compaction. The geological correction coefficient is deducted from the excavation area to reduce the excavation volume, and the compression effect is superimposed on the filling area to increase the filling volume, reflecting the actual impact of geotechnical engineering properties on the volume. Based on the compaction deviation and the construction process coefficient, the volume required for additional filling is calculated, and a secondary correction is made through the geological correction coefficient field to solve the problem of material looseness variation.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the entire construction process is simulated based on the BIM model, and the steps of earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction are demonstrated in stages, specifically including: Determine the corresponding construction parameters for each construction phase based on the BIM platform. Construction parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel; Utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the entire construction process is dynamically simulated to visually display the excavation process of earth and stone, the installation process of the steel structure, and the layered filling and compaction process of earth and stone. The construction simulation results are then analyzed to check whether there are any collisions or conflicts during the construction process.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to divide the construction process into several stages in advance according to the construction organization design and construction process requirements of the dam, such as the earthwork excavation stage, the steel structure installation stage and the layered filling and compaction stage. Then, in the BIM platform, the corresponding construction parameters of each construction stage are determined. The construction parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel. The construction simulation function of the BIM platform, such as the TimeLiner tool of Navisworks Manage, is used to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, intuitively displaying the earthwork excavation process, the steel structure installation process and the layered filling and compaction process of earthwork. Finally, the construction simulation results are analyzed to check whether there are collisions and conflicts during the construction process. For example, check whether there are collisions with other components during the installation of the steel structure, and whether there are problems such as uneven compaction during the earthwork filling and compaction.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, analyzing the construction simulation results, and checking whether there are collisions and conflicts during the construction process specifically include: Obtain construction machinery positioning data, calculate the real-time distance between the construction site and the material yard based on the construction machinery positioning data, and obtain the dynamic transportation distance; Obtain the number of collisions per hour based on the BIM platform conflict detection report, and quantify the construction interference intensity based on the number of collisions to obtain the conflict interference factor; Define the baseline construction rate according to the mechanical performance manual, and set the initial efficiency weight based on the baseline construction rate and the manpower allocation table; Obtain the real-time machinery input, real-time manpower input, and upper limits of machinery and manpower allocation, and calculate the machinery efficiency contribution item and the manpower efficiency contribution item based on the initial efficiency weight, the real-time machinery input, real-time manpower input, and upper limits of machinery and manpower allocation; The dynamic transport distance is subjected to exponential decay to quantify the efficiency drop caused by the increase in distance, and the transport loss factor is obtained; The conflict interference factor, transportation loss factor, mechanical efficiency contribution item, and human efficiency contribution item are used to adjust and update the benchmark construction rate to obtain a real-time updated comprehensive construction efficiency. A discrete event simulation model is established in the BIM platform. The time consumption of each process is calculated based on the real-time updated comprehensive construction efficiency and construction task quantity to obtain the process timeline. Combine the process timeline with the BIM model for dynamic simulation to obtain the simulation rate; According to the rate deviation between the actual construction rate and the simulation rate, the mechanical efficiency contribution item and the human efficiency contribution item are adjusted proportionally to obtain the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution item and the optimized human efficiency contribution item; Based on the buffer time in the process timeline, the conflict impact area is marked with a color gradient in the BIM model to obtain a conflict heat map; According to the conflict heat map, a list of high-interference areas in the conflict heat map is obtained, and resource allocation suggestions are generated for adjusting the direction of the high-interference areas based on the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution items and the optimized human efficiency contribution items, so as to realize dynamic simulation of the entire construction process.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, by integrating the microscopic mechanical operation cycle (such as the excavator's single bucket time) with the macroscopic construction logic (process dependency), the inherent functional limitations of BIM software are broken through, and the BIM collision detection results (number of collisions) are converted into conflict interference factors. The factors are then incorporated into the efficiency calculation formula, so that the abstract collision data is converted into quantifiable efficiency loss values, which directly drive progress adjustments.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of importing the project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation specifically include: Import the completed project schedule into the BIM platform, assign corresponding construction tasks to each model component, and establish the relationship between the model components and the schedule; Based on the 4D construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the 3D model is integrated with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively displays the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to use project management software such as Microsoft Project, Primavera P6, etc. in advance to prepare a detailed project schedule based on the construction organization design and construction process plan. The schedule should include information such as the start time, end time, duration, predecessor tasks, and successor tasks of each construction task. The project schedule is then imported into the BIM platform, and corresponding construction tasks are assigned to each model component, and an association relationship is established between the model components and the schedule; for example, the earthwork excavation model component is associated with the earthwork excavation construction task, and the steel structure installation model component is associated with the steel structure installation construction task. Finally, based on the 4D construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the three-dimensional model and the schedule are integrated to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively displays the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process, and monitors in real time whether the construction progress meets the planned requirements.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 4D construction simulation function based on the BIM platform integrates the 3D model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, specifically including the following steps: Read the planned engineering quantities at the current time node from the schedule and obtain real-time construction data; clean the planned engineering quantities and real-time construction data to obtain the effective planned quantities and effective actual quantities; Obtain the construction task type at the current time node, set the proportional correction coefficient based on the construction task type at the current time node, calculate the relative deviation ratio between the effective planned quantity and the effective actual quantity, and adjust it using the proportional correction coefficient to obtain the standardized progress deviation rate; Fit the attenuation coefficient through historical data and give the basic transparency; Obtain the absolute value of the standardized progress deviation rate to characterize the degree of deviation; based on basic transparency, substitute the absolute value of the standardized progress deviation rate into the exponential function to calculate the transparency attenuation to obtain dynamic transparency; Construct a color mapping rule library for the red-yellow-green asymptotic color system, determine whether to activate the green-yellow gradient channel or the red channel based on the deviation direction of the standardized progress deviation rate, generate a color code composed of the three primary color components of red, green, and blue, and obtain the RGB color value; The dynamic transparency is written into the transparency attribute field of the component in the BIM model, the RGB color value is written into the material color attribute field of the component in the BIM model, and the rendering priority is matched according to the construction task type to which the component belongs, thereby obtaining a BIM model with dynamic attributes; The BIM model with dynamic attributes is used to generate a 4D construction simulation animation according to the process timeline to obtain a 4D construction simulation animation that integrates progress deviations.

[0036] In this embodiment of the present invention, the schedule (time dimension), BIM model (spatial dimension), and real-time construction data (dynamic dimension) are integrated into a unified coordinate system to reflect dynamic disturbances such as material transportation delays and mechanical failures. Furthermore, animation rendering utilizes adaptive LOD (level of detail) technology, displaying a fully detailed model on a PC while automatically simplifying non-critical components on a mobile device (for example, retaining only the outline and key attribute labels for each embankment section). This allows on-site engineers to quickly verify construction deviations by overlaying real-time animations with real-world footage using mobile AR.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of dynamically entering the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction degree into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map specifically includes: Real-time collection of steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction using total stations, levels, and compaction detectors; Through the Internet of Things technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction degree is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components; A quality heat map is generated based on the key data entered, with green representing areas with qualified quality, yellow representing areas close to exceeding the quality standard, and red representing areas exceeding the quality standard.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the installation of the steel structure and the filling and compaction of the earth and stone, measuring instruments and testing equipment, such as a total station, a level and a compaction tester, are used to collect the steel structure installation deviation and the earth and stone compaction in real time. Then, through the Internet of Things technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model component, and the earth and stone compaction is entered into the attribute information of the earth and stone model component. The BIM platform will generate a quality heat map based on the key data entered. A quality exceeding warning threshold is set. When the key data of a certain area exceeds the warning threshold, the system automatically issues a warning message to remind relevant personnel to take timely measures to deal with it.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress and analyzing the cause of the delay specifically includes: Upload the actual progress data of the dam construction, compare the actual progress data with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation, and calculate the progress deviation; Based on the earned value analysis method, the progress deviation is quantitatively analyzed to obtain the reasons for the delay. Based on the reasons for the delay, a simulation analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact on the construction progress.

[0040] In this embodiment of the present invention, actual progress data for embankment construction is regularly collected and uploaded. The actual progress data is then compared with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation to calculate progress deviations. Progress deviation analysis tools, such as earned value analysis (EVM), can be used to quantify progress deviations. Based on the progress deviation analysis results and the actual construction site conditions, the causes of construction progress delays are analyzed. Common causes include insufficient earthmoving vehicles, inefficient steel structure welding, weather conditions, and insufficient construction personnel. Leveraging the simulation and analysis capabilities of the BIM platform, simulations are performed to analyze progress delays caused by various factors and assess their impact on the construction progress. Based on the delay analysis results, resource allocation is adjusted using the BIM model. For example, if the progress delay is due to insufficient earthmoving vehicles, the number of earthmoving vehicles can be increased in the BIM model and the construction progress can be re-simulated to verify whether the adjusted resource allocation plan meets the construction progress requirements. The adjusted resource allocation plan is then fed back to the construction site to guide construction personnel in the rational allocation of construction resources and ensure that the construction progress proceeds smoothly as planned.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a steel structure earth-rock dam construction system based on BIM technology, the system comprising: BIM model building module 100 is used to build a comprehensive BIM model of the dam and automatically detect conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometry. Construction process simulation module 200 is used to simulate the entire construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages; 4D construction simulation module 300, used to import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animation; The quality heat map generation module 400 is used to dynamically input the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction degree into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically issue warnings for areas exceeding the standard; The construction progress analysis module 500 is used to compare the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for the delay, and adjust resource allocation through the BIM model.

[0042] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flow chart of each embodiment of the present invention are shown in sequence according to the indication of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, the execution of these steps is not strictly limited in order, and these steps can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in each embodiment may include a plurality of sub-steps or a plurality of stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but can be performed at different times, and the execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily performed in sequence, but can be performed in turn or alternately with at least a portion of other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0043] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program can include the processes of the above-described method embodiments. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other media used in the various embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct RAMbus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and RAMbus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0044] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the disclosure in the specification and examples. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered merely as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. The construction method of steel structure earth-rock embankment based on BIM technology is characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Establish a comprehensive BIM model of the dam, automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometry. The entire construction process was simulated based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages; Import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animation; Dynamically input steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically warn of areas exceeding the standard; Compare 4D construction simulation progress with actual progress, analyze delays, and adjust resource allocation through BIM models.

2. The steel structure earth-rock dam construction method based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of establishing a comprehensive BIM model for a dam and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines specifically include: Obtain topographic data of the dam area through UAV oblique photography and LiDAR scanning; collect geological survey reports and hydrological monitoring data to determine geological data and hydrological conditions; According to the design drawings, extract the type, specification, quantity and connection method of the steel structure, use the steel structure design software to build a 3D model of the steel structure, and perform collision detection and optimization design; Based on the dam's design cross-section and terrain data, calculate the earthwork excavation volume, fill volume, and compaction requirements, and use earthwork calculation software to generate a three-dimensional model of the earthwork; The conflict detection tool based on the BIM platform performs geometric conflict detection, logical conflict detection and data conflict detection.

3. The steel structure earth-rock dam construction method based on BIM technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The steps of calculating the excavation volume, filling volume and compaction requirements of the earthwork according to the design section and terrain data of the dam, and generating a three-dimensional model of the earthwork using earthwork calculation software specifically include: Convert the terrain data of the dam into a digital elevation model to obtain the original terrain surface; extract the coordinates of the control points of the design section of the dam; Obtain the rock and soil type, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area based on the geological survey report. Use geological modeling software to interpolate discrete borehole data into a continuous spatially distributed geological attribute field based on the rock and soil type, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area to obtain a geological correction coefficient field. Obtain the type of construction machinery, layered filling thickness, and number of compaction passes, and calculate the construction process coefficient based on the type of construction machinery, layered filling thickness, and number of compaction passes; According to the original terrain surface and the coordinates of the control points, the triangulation method is used to expand the discrete design control points into a continuous surface to obtain the design elevation surface; Calculate the elevation difference between the design elevation surface and the original terrain surface, and integrate the elevation difference using the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the reference volume. If the elevation difference is negative, it indicates an excavation area, and the amplification effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the excavation volume is deducted. If the elevation difference is positive, it indicates a fill area, and the compression effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the fill volume is taken into account. Obtain real-time distribution data of compaction status in each area; generate theoretical maximum compaction field based on soil and rock material type in the filling area; Screen out insufficiently compacted areas based on real-time compaction status distribution data and theoretical maximum compaction field; Based on the real-time compaction status distribution data, the theoretical maximum compaction degree field, and the construction process coefficient, the volume of additional fill required in the undercompacted area is calculated. The required additional fill volume is adjusted using the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the corrected volume. In the BIM platform, the distribution data of the corrected volume, geological correction coefficient field, and real-time compaction status are bound to the three-dimensional model components to obtain a three-dimensional model of earthwork with attributes.

4. The method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The BIM model-based simulation of the entire construction process demonstrates the steps of earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages, including: Determine the corresponding construction parameters for each construction phase based on the BIM platform. Construction parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel; Utilize the construction simulation function of the BIM platform to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, analyze the construction simulation results, and check whether there are collisions and conflicts during the construction process.

5. The method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The steps of utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, analyze the construction simulation results, and check whether there are collisions and conflicts during the construction process include: Obtain construction machinery positioning data, calculate the real-time distance between the construction site and the material yard based on the construction machinery positioning data, and obtain the dynamic transportation distance; Obtain the number of collisions per hour based on the BIM platform conflict detection report, and quantify the construction interference intensity based on the number of collisions to obtain the conflict interference factor; Define the baseline construction rate according to the mechanical performance manual, and set the initial efficiency weight based on the baseline construction rate and the manpower allocation table; Obtain the real-time machinery input, real-time manpower input, and upper limits of machinery and manpower allocation, and calculate the machinery efficiency contribution item and the manpower efficiency contribution item based on the initial efficiency weight, the real-time machinery input, real-time manpower input, and upper limits of machinery and manpower allocation; The dynamic transport distance is subjected to exponential decay to quantify the efficiency drop caused by the increase in distance, and the transport loss factor is obtained; The conflict interference factor, transportation loss factor, mechanical efficiency contribution item, and human efficiency contribution item are used to adjust and update the benchmark construction rate to obtain a real-time updated comprehensive construction efficiency. A discrete event simulation model is established in the BIM platform. The time consumption of each process is calculated based on the real-time updated comprehensive construction efficiency and construction task quantity to obtain the process timeline. Combine the process timeline with the BIM model for dynamic simulation to obtain the simulation rate; According to the rate deviation between the actual construction rate and the simulation rate, the mechanical efficiency contribution item and the human efficiency contribution item are adjusted proportionally to obtain the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution item and the optimized human efficiency contribution item; Based on the buffer time in the process timeline, the conflict impact area is marked with a color gradient in the BIM model to obtain a conflict heat map; According to the conflict heat map, a list of high-interference areas in the conflict heat map is obtained, and resource allocation suggestions are generated for adjusting the direction of the high-interference areas based on the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution items and the optimized human efficiency contribution items, so as to realize dynamic simulation of the entire construction process.

6. The method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The steps of importing the project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation specifically include: Import the completed project schedule into the BIM platform, assign corresponding construction tasks to each model component, and establish the relationship between the model components and the schedule; Based on the 4D construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the 3D model is integrated with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively displays the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process.

7. The method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The 4D construction simulation function based on the BIM platform integrates the 3D model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, specifically including the following steps: Read the planned engineering quantities at the current time node from the schedule and obtain real-time construction data; clean the planned engineering quantities and real-time construction data to obtain the effective planned quantities and effective actual quantities; Obtain the construction task type at the current time node, set the proportional correction coefficient based on the construction task type at the current time node, calculate the relative deviation ratio between the effective planned quantity and the effective actual quantity, and adjust it using the proportional correction coefficient to obtain the standardized progress deviation rate; Fit the attenuation coefficient through historical data and give the basic transparency; Obtain the absolute value of the standardized progress deviation rate to characterize the degree of deviation; based on basic transparency, substitute the absolute value of the standardized progress deviation rate into the exponential function to calculate the transparency attenuation to obtain dynamic transparency; Construct a color mapping rule library for the red-yellow-green asymptotic color system, determine whether to activate the green-yellow gradient channel or the red channel based on the deviation direction of the standardized progress deviation rate, generate a color code composed of the three primary color components of red, green, and blue, and obtain the RGB color value; The dynamic transparency is written into the transparency attribute field of the component in the BIM model, the RGB color value is written into the material color attribute field of the component in the BIM model, and the rendering priority is matched according to the construction task type to which the component belongs, thereby obtaining a BIM model with dynamic attributes; The BIM model with dynamic attributes is used to generate a 4D construction simulation animation according to the process timeline to obtain a 4D construction simulation animation that integrates progress deviations.

8. The method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The step of dynamically entering the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map specifically includes: Real-time collection of steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction using total stations, levels, and compaction detectors; Through the Internet of Things technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction degree is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components; A quality heat map is generated based on the key data entered, with green representing areas with qualified quality, yellow representing areas close to exceeding the quality standard, and red representing areas exceeding the quality standard.

9. The method for constructing a steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps of comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress and analyzing the reasons for the delay specifically include: Upload the actual progress data of the dam construction, compare the actual progress data with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation, and calculate the progress deviation; Based on the earned value analysis method, the progress deviation is quantitatively analyzed to obtain the reasons for the delay. Based on the reasons for the delay, a simulation analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact on the construction progress.

10. A BIM-based steel structure earth-rock embankment construction system, applied to the BIM-based steel structure earth-rock embankment construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The system comprises: The BIM model building module is used to build a comprehensive BIM model of the dam and automatically detect conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometry. The construction process simulation module is used to simulate the entire construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages; 4D construction simulation module, used to import project schedules into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animations; The quality heat map generation module is used to dynamically input the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically warn of areas exceeding the standard; The construction progress analysis module is used to compare the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for delays, and adjust resource allocation through the BIM model.

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