Blood pressure detection using only acoustic energy without imaging

Abstract

Embodiments provide a blood pressure measurement device that: (a) emits acoustic energy towards a blood vessel with an acoustic transducer at a first frequency; (b) measuring an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer for the first time; (c) emitting acoustic energy towards the blood vessel with the acoustic transducer at a second frequency; (d) measuring an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer for a second time; (e) determining a change in an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer between the first measurement and the second measurement, the determined change corresponding to a change in acoustic energy reflected from the blood vessel; (f) determining the resonance frequency of the vibration of the blood vessel wall according to the determined electrical characteristic change of the acoustic transducer; and (g) generating a blood pressure measurement as a function of the determined resonance frequency of the vibration of the vessel wall.

Description

Technical Field Background Art

[0001] Blood pressure is a routine and important vital sign used in daily management of patient care. Blood pressure measurement methods are often cumbersome and cumbersome. Typical methods, such as using a stethoscope in combination with a sphygmomanometer and a blood pressure arm / wrist cuff, have several limitations, including susceptibility to ambient noise, patient discomfort, and the inability to obtain continuous blood pressure measurements. Another approach is to perform invasive blood pressure measurements, such as using an arterial catheter. While this provides higher quality data than an external cuff, its invasiveness also creates higher risks, including infection, bleeding, or ischemia. Alternative non-invasive blood pressure measurement methods are highly desirable, particularly as hypertension has become an increasingly common medical problem in the United States and other parts of the world. Summary of the Invention

[0002] Because stethoscopes and audio systems provide complementary diagnostic information, there is a need for systems and methods that leverage both technologies. Ideally, such systems and methods would also measure and integrate information about physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, or SpO2 (hemoglobin oxygen saturation).

[0003] The systems and methods described herein are generally directed to non-invasive blood pressure measurement devices that provide enhanced functionality over other blood pressure measurement devices commonly used by medical professionals. An enhanced non-invasive blood pressure measurement device and a method for operating a non-invasive blood pressure measurement device are provided. The enhanced non-invasive blood pressure measurement device operates by providing an acoustic transducer, an ultrasonic transducer, and other transducers (including a transmitter, a receiver, and a transceiver) to obtain a series of measurements about a subject. The series of measurements can be correlated, such as through machine learning, to extract clinically relevant information.

[0004] In one embodiment, a blood pressure measurement device includes: a plurality of acoustic transducers configured to capture tomographic information of a physiological structure; an audio coupling medium on each of the plurality of acoustic transducers; and a processing device.

[0005] In some embodiments, a processing device of a blood pressure measurement device is configured to: transmit audio energy from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers into a physiological structure; detect a blood vessel of the physiological structure by acquiring an audio signal reflected by the blood vessel using one of the plurality of acoustic transducers; determine the blood vessel as a target blood vessel; determine the blood pressure of the blood vessel; and send a first notification of the blood pressure of the blood vessel to a monitoring system for storage in a database.

[0006] In some embodiments, the plurality of acoustic transducers are spaced proportionally to maximize detection of blood vessels.

[0007] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers comprises an acoustic transducer.

[0008] In some embodiments, each acoustic transducer of the plurality of acoustic transducers comprises a low pixel count array.

[0009] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers utilizes phased-array technology.

[0010] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device includes silicone.

[0011] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device comprises a hydrogel.

[0012] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device comprises gel.

[0013] In some embodiments, a processing device of a blood pressure measurement device determines the blood pressure of a blood vessel by: obtaining a resonant frequency of an audio signal reflected by the blood vessel from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers, the resonant frequency corresponding to the vibration of a vascular wall of the blood vessel; obtaining a wall thickness and a vascular radius of the blood vessel from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers; and applying the resonant frequency, the wall thickness, and the vascular radius to a transformation formula to calculate the blood pressure of the blood vessel.

[0014] In some embodiments, the processing device of the blood pressure measurement device determines whether the blood vessel is a target blood vessel by: determining a detection feature of the blood vessel; and identifying the blood vessel as a target blood vessel based on the detection feature.

[0015] In some embodiments, a processing device of a blood pressure measurement device detects a blood vessel by determining a blood vessel type selected from a first group including: a vein, an artery, a carotid artery, a subclavian artery, an ascending aorta, a descending aorta, an axillary artery, a brachial artery, a radial artery, an ulnar artery, a palmar arch artery, a renal artery, an iliac artery, a femoral artery, a popliteal artery, a tibial artery, an anterior tibial artery, a dorsalis pedis artery, a posterior tibial artery, an abdominal aorta, a genicular artery, a peroneal artery, a plantar / dorsal arch artery, an arcuate artery, or a fibular artery.

[0016] In some embodiments, the processing device of the blood pressure measurement device is further configured to: generate an algorithm using the detected features; and apply the blood pressure of the blood vessel to the algorithm to monitor changes in the blood pressure of the blood vessel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the processing device of the blood pressure measurement device determines the detected characteristics of the blood vessel by capturing at least one component of a second group including: vessel wall stiffness, cross-sectional diameter, shape, vessel resonance, wall thickness, vessel radius, circumference, clot burden, and vascular plaque thickness of the vessel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the processing device of the blood pressure measuring device is further configured to: determine that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is lower than a first threshold or higher than a second threshold; in response to determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is lower than the first threshold, generate a first report, the first report including a determination of low blood pressure and an instruction to increase blood pressure; in response to determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is higher than the second threshold, generate a second report, the second report including a determination of high blood pressure and an instruction to lower blood pressure; and send a second notification of the first report or the second report to the monitoring system so that a medication regimen (medication) can be formulated based on the first report or the second report.

[0019] In some embodiments, the processing device of the blood pressure measurement device is further configured to send a third notification of the blood pressure of the blood vessel to a first device associated with the blood pressure measurement device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the processing device of the blood pressure measurement device is further configured to send a fourth notification of the first report or the second report to a first device associated with the blood pressure measurement device.

[0021] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers is programmed to transmit and capture audio energy at a different frequency.

[0022] In one embodiment, a method of using a non-invasive blood pressure measurement device includes: transmitting audio energy into a physiological structure; detecting a blood vessel of the physiological structure by acquiring an audio signal reflected by the blood vessel; determining the blood vessel as a target blood vessel; determining a blood pressure of the blood vessel; and sending a first notification of the blood pressure of the blood vessel to a monitoring system for storage in a database.

[0023] In some embodiments, the blood pressure measurement device includes a plurality of acoustic transducers.

[0024] In some embodiments, a blood pressure measurement device includes logic circuitry coupled to a plurality of acoustic transducers.

[0025] In some embodiments, the plurality of acoustic transducers are spaced proportionally to maximize detection of blood vessels.

[0026] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers comprises one acoustic transducer.

[0027] In some embodiments, each acoustic transducer of the plurality of acoustic transducers comprises a low pixel count array.

[0028] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers employs phased array technology.

[0029] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device includes silicone.

[0030] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device comprises a hydrogel.

[0031] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device comprises gel.

[0032] In some embodiments, determining the blood pressure of a blood vessel includes: obtaining a resonant frequency of an audio signal reflected by the blood vessel from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers, the resonant frequency corresponding to vibration of a vessel wall of the blood vessel; obtaining a wall thickness and a vessel radius of the blood vessel from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers; and applying the resonant frequency, the wall thickness, and the vessel radius to a transformation formula to calculate the blood pressure of the blood vessel.

[0033] In some embodiments, determining that the blood vessel is a target blood vessel includes: determining a detection characteristic of the blood vessel; and identifying the blood vessel as a target blood vessel based on the detection characteristic.

[0034] In some embodiments, detecting a blood vessel includes determining a blood vessel type selected from a first group consisting of: a vein, an artery, a carotid artery, a subclavian artery, an ascending aorta, a descending aorta, an axillary artery, a brachial artery, a radial artery, an ulnar artery, a palmar arch artery, a renal artery, an iliac artery, a femoral artery, a popliteal artery, a tibial artery, an anterior tibial artery, a dorsalis pedis artery, a posterior tibial artery, an abdominal aorta, a genicular artery, a peroneal artery, a plantar / dorsal arch artery, an arcuate artery, or a fibular artery.

[0035] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: generating an algorithm using the detected features; and applying the blood pressure of the blood vessel to the algorithm to monitor changes in the blood pressure of the blood vessel.

[0036] In some embodiments, determining the detected characteristic of the blood vessel includes capturing at least one component from a second group including: vessel wall stiffness, cross-sectional diameter, shape, vessel resonance, wall thickness, vessel radius, circumference, clot burden, and vascular plaque thickness of the vessel.

[0037] In some embodiments, the method further includes: determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is lower than a first threshold or higher than a second threshold; in response to determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is lower than the first threshold, generating a first report, the first report including a determination of hypotension and an instruction to increase blood pressure; in response to determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is higher than the second threshold, generating a second report, the second report including a determination of hypertension and an instruction to lower blood pressure; and sending a second notification of the first report or the second report to the monitoring system so as to formulate a drug treatment plan based on the first report or the second report.

[0038] In some embodiments, the method further includes sending a third notification of the blood pressure of the blood vessel to the first device associated with the blood pressure measurement device.

[0039] In some embodiments, the method further includes sending a fourth notification of the first report or the second report to a first device associated with the blood pressure measurement device.

[0040] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers is programmed to transmit and capture audio energy at a different frequency.

[0041] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions executable by a processor, wherein execution of the instructions causes a blood pressure measurement device to perform operations including: transmitting audio energy into a physiological structure; detecting a blood vessel of the physiological structure by acquiring an audio signal reflected by the blood vessel; determining that the blood vessel is a target blood vessel; determining a blood pressure of the blood vessel; and sending a first notification of the blood pressure of the blood vessel to a monitoring system for storage in a database.

[0042] In some embodiments, the blood pressure measurement device includes a plurality of acoustic transducers.

[0043] In some embodiments, a blood pressure measurement device includes logic circuitry coupled to a plurality of acoustic transducers.

[0044] In some embodiments, the plurality of acoustic transducers are spaced proportionally to maximize detection of blood vessels.

[0045] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers comprises one acoustic transducer.

[0046] In some embodiments, each acoustic transducer of the plurality of acoustic transducers comprises a low pixel count array.

[0047] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers employs phased array technology.

[0048] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device includes silicone.

[0049] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device comprises a hydrogel.

[0050] In some embodiments, the audio coupling medium of the blood pressure measurement device comprises gel.

[0051] In some embodiments, determining the blood pressure of a blood vessel includes: obtaining a resonant frequency of an audio signal reflected by the blood vessel from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers, the resonant frequency corresponding to vibration of a vessel wall of the blood vessel; obtaining a wall thickness and a vessel radius of the blood vessel from one of a plurality of acoustic transducers; and applying the resonant frequency, the wall thickness, and the vessel radius to a transformation formula to calculate the blood pressure of the blood vessel.

[0052] In some embodiments, determining that the blood vessel is a target blood vessel includes: determining a detection characteristic of the blood vessel; and identifying the blood vessel as a target blood vessel based on the detection characteristic.

[0053] In some embodiments, detecting a blood vessel includes determining a blood vessel type selected from a first group consisting of: a vein, an artery, a carotid artery, a subclavian artery, an ascending aorta, a descending aorta, an axillary artery, a brachial artery, a radial artery, an ulnar artery, a palmar arch artery, a renal artery, an iliac artery, a femoral artery, a popliteal artery, a tibial artery, an anterior tibial artery, a dorsalis pedis artery, a posterior tibial artery, an abdominal aorta, a genicular artery, a peroneal artery, a plantar / dorsal arch artery, an arcuate artery, or a fibular artery.

[0054] In some embodiments, the operations further include: generating an algorithm using the detected features; and applying the blood pressure of the blood vessel to the algorithm to monitor changes in the blood pressure of the blood vessel.

[0055] In some embodiments, determining the detected characteristic of the blood vessel includes capturing at least one component from a second group including: vessel wall stiffness, cross-sectional diameter, shape, vessel resonance, wall thickness, vessel radius, circumference, clot burden, and vascular plaque thickness of the vessel.

[0056] In some embodiments, the operation also includes: determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is lower than a first threshold or higher than a second threshold; in response to determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is lower than the first threshold, generating a first report, the first report including a determination of low blood pressure and an instruction to increase blood pressure; in response to determining that the blood pressure of the blood vessel is higher than the second threshold, generating a second report, the second report including a determination of high blood pressure and an instruction to lower blood pressure; and sending a second notification of the first report or the second report to the monitoring system so that a drug treatment plan can be formulated based on the first report or the second report.

[0057] In some embodiments, the operations further include sending a third notification of the blood pressure of the blood vessel to the first device associated with the blood pressure measurement device.

[0058] In some embodiments, the operations further include sending a fourth notification of the first report or the second report to a first device associated with the blood pressure measurement device.

[0059] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers is programmed to transmit and capture audio energy at a different frequency.

[0060] Other features and aspects of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, features according to various embodiments.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The technology disclosed herein is described in detail with reference to the following figures, according to one or more of various embodiments. The figures are provided for illustrative purposes only and depict only typical or exemplary embodiments of the disclosed technology. These figures are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding of the disclosed technology and should not be construed as limiting its breadth, scope, or applicability. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0062] Figure 1 An example computing environment for a measurement device according to some embodiments is shown.

[0063] Figure 2 An example acoustic transducer is shown that may be used in a measurement device according to some embodiments.

[0064] Figure 3 An example computing environment is shown that includes a measurement device of one or more components according to some embodiments.

[0065] Figure 4 An example process for measuring a device according to some embodiments is shown.

[0066] Figure 5 Example images of an interior portion of a physiological structure being monitored by a measurement device according to some embodiments are shown.

[0067] Figure 6 Example images are shown of physiological structures with various internal parts of a human body that may be identified and monitored using a measurement device in accordance with some embodiments.

[0068] Figure 7 An example image of an interior portion of a physiological structure generated by a measurement device is shown in accordance with some embodiments.

[0069] Figure 8 An exemplary measurement device according to various embodiments of the disclosed technology is shown.

[0070] Figure 9 Example methods for generating blood pressure measurements based on determined resonant frequencies of blood vessel wall vibrations are shown in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosed technology.

[0071] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A diagram illustrating how various embodiments of the disclosed technology may be implemented using computing components. Figure 9 method.

[0072] Figure 11 Another example method for generating blood pressure measurements based on a determined resonant frequency of blood vessel wall vibrations in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosed technology is shown.

[0073] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A diagram illustrating how various embodiments of the disclosed technology may be implemented using computing components. Figure 11 method.

[0074] Figure 13 Another example method for generating blood pressure measurements based on a determined resonant frequency of blood vessel wall vibrations in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosed technology is shown.

[0075] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A diagram illustrating how various embodiments of the disclosed technology may be implemented using computing components. Figure 13 method.

[0076] Figure 15 An example chip set is shown that can be used to implement the architecture and methods according to various implementations of the present disclosure.

[0077] These drawings are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. It should be understood that the invention can be practiced with modification and alteration, and the disclosed technology is limited only by the claims and their equivalents. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The following description provides specific details to fully understand and describe various embodiments of the technology. Even when used in conjunction with the detailed description of certain embodiments, the terms used should be interpreted in the broadest and most reasonable manner.

[0079] Before describing the present teachings in detail, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to specific components or processing steps and may vary accordingly. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, where the terms "including", "includes", "having", "has", "with", "such as", or variations thereof are used in the specification and / or claims, these terms are not restrictive and are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising". Unless otherwise specified, embodiments in the specification that refer to "comprising" various components are also contemplated as "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of" the components.

[0080] In one example of vital sign detection and monitoring, a measurement device comprising multiple acoustic transducers and a processing device can be used to detect vital signs and internal components of physiological structures. Internal components of physiological structures can include blood vessels, organs, tissues, bones, muscles, tendons, and the like. Internal components of physiological structures can also include various pathologies, including but not limited to fractures, abscesses, tumors, cellulitis, stones, and the like. The measurement device can also use low-frequency or high-frequency sound waves to determine characteristics of blood vessels and other internal components of physiological structures.

[0081] Figure 1 An example computing environment for a measurement device 100 is shown that can be attached to a location of a physiological structure to detect and monitor vital signs and internal parts of the physiological structure. The measurement device 100 may include a processing unit 110 and a wearable measurement unit 120 (e.g., an adhesive patch, a wearable cuff (such as an armband or wristband), etc.). As shown, the wearable measurement unit may include multiple acoustic transducers (i.e., acoustic transducers 124 (l)-(n)). In some embodiments, the measurement device 100 may include a single / integrated physical device that includes the processing unit 110 and the wearable measurement unit 120. In other embodiments, the processing unit 110 and the wearable measurement unit 120 may be independent physical devices that are operable to communicate with each other.

[0082] As shown, the processing unit 110 may include an analog front-end circuit 112, a high-voltage (HV) pulse generator circuit 114, a tile control logic circuit 116, and a transmit / receive switch 118. The HV pulse generator circuit 114 may generate audio signals of different waveforms and frequencies (e.g., high-frequency sound waves). The analog front-end circuit 112 may amplify the audio signals generated by the HV pulse generator circuit 114. The tile control logic circuit 116 may be used in conjunction with the transmit / receive switch 118 and switches 122 (1)-(n) (of the wearable measurement device 120) to effectively multiplex the audio signals generated and amplified by the analog front-end circuit 112 and the high-voltage (HV) pulse generator circuit 114, respectively.

[0083] As shown, the wearable measurement unit 120 includes switches 122(1)-(n) and acoustic transducers 121(1)-(n). In some embodiments, each acoustic transducer 124(1)-(n) may include a low pixel count array for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic energy.

[0084] Figure 2An exemplary acoustic transducer 202 is shown that can be used in a measurement device of the presently disclosed technology to transmit and / or receive acoustic energy (e.g., high-frequency sound waves). As shown, the acoustic transducer 202 can transmit audio energy (sometimes referred to herein as acoustic energy) at / toward a blood vessel 206 through a physiological structure 204 (e.g., human tissue).

[0085] Typically, multiple acoustic transducers are configured to capture tomographic information of physiological structures. An acoustic transducer (e.g., acoustic transducer 202) can be an acoustic receiver, an acoustic transmitter, or both (e.g., an acoustic transceiver). An acoustic transducer can be used to detect audio energy by transmitting and / or receiving high-frequency sound waves. The type of audio energy may include sound, ultrasound, and sonar. High-frequency sound waves may be at different frequencies and produce different pitches and sounds according to the frequencies. High-frequency sound waves of different frequencies can contribute to obtaining the data of different vital signs and internal parts of physiological structures. Each acoustic transducer can be configured to transmit and / or receive sound waves of different frequencies. By transmitting and / or receiving sound waves of different frequencies through each acoustic transducer, a measuring device can easily generate, detect, and monitor high-frequency sound waves of various frequencies to obtain all vital signs and internal parts of physiological structures. Each of the multiple acoustic transducers in an armband, wristband, or adhesive patch can be spaced apart proportionally to maximize the output of transmitting and receiving sound waves, thereby maximally detecting and monitoring vital signs and internal parts of physiological structures.

[0086] By using acoustic transducers, whether used in combination with other components or alone, including low pixel count arrays (such as 32 elements per acoustic transducer), phased array technology, and beamforming technology, the measurement device can collect data of overlapping volumes of physiological structures. The measurement device can use the collected data to determine measurements associated with vital signs and internal portions of the physiological structure. Vital signs can include blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiac output, stroke volume, pulse, etc. The internal portions of the physiological structure can include blood vessels, arteries, veins, organs (i.e., heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, brain, etc.), bones, tissues, muscles, tendons, etc., and the internal portions may be located within the overlapping volume of the physiological structure. The internal portions of the physiological structure can also include various pathologies, including but not limited to fractures, abscesses, tumors, cellulitis, stones, etc. The vessel measurements may include vessel dimensions, such as vessel wall stiffness, vessel wall thickness, vessel radius, cross-sectional diameter, intima-media thickness, and shape, as well as vessel properties, including the vessel's resonance response, blood flow velocity within the vessel, the distance between the vessel and the measurement device, and the thickness of plaque within the vessel. The measurement device may apply the Laplace method of transformation to obtain the vessel measurements. The measurement device may also use the collected data to generate images of the vessel and / or other internal components within an overlapping volume of the physiological structure.

[0087] Figure 3 An example computing environment of a measurement device including one or more components according to some embodiments is shown. Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present invention, the acoustic transducer of the measuring device communicates with the transmit / receive channel. The acoustic transducer is used to transmit audio energy (such as high-frequency sound waves) into the physiological structure and receive the audio energy. Each acoustic transducer can be programmed to transmit and / or obtain audio energy at a different frequency. The acoustic transducer can detect information of the received high-frequency sound waves. The information detected by the acoustic transducer is processed through the transmit / receive channel and reaches the signal processing system of the processing device of the measuring device. The signal processing system is used to determine the high-frequency sound waves emitted by the acoustic transducer and the high-frequency sound waves received by the acoustic transducer. The signal processing system can further process and analyze the received high-frequency sound waves to extract data associated with the vital signs and internal parts of the physiological structure against which the measuring device is placed. The signal processing system can process and analyze the received high-frequency sound waves by measuring the frequency of the received high-frequency sound waves. The measuring device also includes a power supply for powering the measuring device.

[0088] The measuring device may also include an accelerometer to detect when the physiological structure falls. For example, an elderly person may be prone to falls and may be seriously injured after a fall, so that the elderly person is unable to save themselves. The measuring device may also include additional components that can be used to detect and monitor specific properties and conditions of the physiological structure. Additional components may be included in the measuring device according to the needs of the physiological structure using the corresponding measuring device. In this way, according to the needs of the physiological structure, the measuring device can be customized to include any and all components required to detect and monitor properties related to the vital signs, internal parts and physical health of the physiological structure. The measuring device can also be customized to include any and all components required to detect and monitor the characteristics of inanimate objects (such as pipes, tanks, etc.).

[0089] Figure 4 An example process for a measurement device is shown. The measurement device may transmit audio energy from an acoustic transducer into a physiological structure. The measurement device may use the acoustic transducer to receive audio energy reflected from an internal portion of the physiological structure. The audio energy received by the acoustic transducer may include information associated with the internal portion of the physiological structure and vital signs. The information associated with the internal portion of the physiological structure and vital signs may identify any organ or anatomical structure identifiable by audio.

[0090] The measuring device may first identify an interior portion of a physiological structure. For example, the measuring device may use audio energy received by an acoustic transducer to determine whether a blood vessel, such as an artery or vein, is found. The audio energy received by the acoustic transducer may include information associated with a blood vessel in the physiological structure. This information may include data of an audio signal reflected by the identified blood vessel. This information may indicate that a blood vessel has been found. The measuring device may analyze the information associated with the identified blood vessel to determine vital signs associated with the identified blood vessel. The audio energy received by the acoustic transducer may include information associated with other interior portions of the physiological structure, including structures surrounding the blood vessel. This information may include data that can be used to evaluate the structures surrounding the blood vessel.

[0091] Vital signs associated with a blood vessel may include measurements of the vessel and properties of the vessel. Measurements of the vessel may include vessel dimensions, i.e., vessel wall stiffness, vessel wall thickness, vessel radius, cross-sectional diameter, intima-media thickness, shape, circumference, etc. The properties of the vessel may include the vessel's resonant response, blood flow velocity within the vessel, the distance between the vessel and the measurement device, clot burden, and plaque thickness within the vessel. The vessel's resonant response may include the resonant frequency of an audio signal reflected by the vessel. The resonant frequency may correspond to vibrations of the vessel wall of the vessel caused by the reflected audio signal. The resonant frequency in the vessel may be used to determine properties of the artery, such as its internal pressure or wall tension. An audio array may be used to directly measure the diameter of the vessel. Analyzing the vital signs of the identified vessel may determine the vessel type of the identified vessel. Vessel types may include, but are not limited to, vein, artery, carotid artery, subclavian artery, ascending aorta, descending aorta, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery, palmar arch artery, renal artery, iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, tibial artery, anterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery, posterior tibial artery, abdominal aorta, genicular artery, peroneal artery, plantar / dorsal arch artery, arcuate artery, or peroneal artery. Other arteries not mentioned here may also be considered vessel types.

[0092] Analyzing the vital signs of the identified vessel can also determine whether the identified vessel is the vessel that needs to be located and monitored, i.e., the target vessel. If the measurement device confirms that the correct vessel has been identified, the measurement device can continuously monitor the vessel for a specified duration. The measurement device can use the vital signs associated with the identified vessel to determine other characteristics of the identified vessel.

[0093] In one example, the measuring device can measure the vital signs of the identified blood vessels, such as the resonance frequency (f), the wall density (r S ), fluid density (р L ), radius-thickness product (γ), wall thickness (h), vessel / artery radius (a), arterial wall Young's modulus (E), and wall Poisson's ratio (ν), are applied to a transformed Laplace method comprising one or more transformation formulas (i.e., equations (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5)) to measure the blood pressure (P) of the identified vessel. Some vital signs, such as resonant frequency (f), wall thickness (h), and vessel / artery radius (a), can be measured by audio imaging of the measuring device. Other vital signs, such as wall density (р S ), fluid density (р L ) and the Poisson's ratio of the wall (ν), can be determined from a materials database storing measurements of internal parts of physiological structures. Many variations are possible.

[0094] The vessel / arterial radius (a), resonance frequency (f), Poisson's ratio of the wall (ν), wall density (рS ), fluid density (р L ) and the radius-thickness product (γ) can first be applied to equation (1) to determine the arterial wall Young's modulus (E).

[0095] Equation (1):

[0096] The wall thickness (h) of the identified blood vessel and the radius (a) of the blood vessel / artery can be applied to equation (2) to determine the parameter α. The parameter α can be a dimensionless parameter representing the ratio between the wall thickness (h) of the identified blood vessel and the radius (a) of the blood vessel / artery.

[0097] Equation (2):

[0098] The parameter α determined according to equation (2), the wall density of the identified blood vessels ( S ) and fluid density (р L ) can be applied to equation (3) to determine the parameter р, which can be used to represent the mass density unit per unit volume of the identified blood vessel.

[0099] Equation (3):

[0100] The Young's modulus (E) of the arterial wall determined according to equation (1), the parameter р determined according to equation (3), the resonant frequency (f), the vessel / artery radius (a), and the Poisson's ratio of the wall (ν) can be applied to equation (4) to determine parameter D. Parameter D can be a dimensionless parameter used to simplify the formula (i.e., equation (5)) to measure the blood pressure of the identified vessel.

[0101] Equation (4):

[0102] The Young's modulus (E) of the arterial wall determined according to equation (1), the parameter α determined according to equation (2), and the parameter D determined according to equation (4) can be applied to equation (5) to determine the blood pressure (P) of the identified blood vessel.

[0103] Equation (5):

[0104] The measurement device may also transmit audio energy from the acoustic transducer into the inanimate object. The measurement device may use the acoustic transducer to receive audio energy reflected from the interior portion of the inanimate object. The measurement device may use the acoustic transducer to receive audio energy reflected from the interior portion of the inanimate object. The audio energy received by the acoustic transducer may include information associated with the interior portion of the inanimate object. The information associated with the interior portion of the inanimate object may identify the structure and features of the inanimate object that can be identified by audio.

[0105] In one example, a measuring device can determine blood pressure in a blood vessel. To determine blood pressure in a blood vessel, the measuring device can be placed on a physiological structure, such as a human, an inanimate structure, or an animal. The measuring device can be placed on any location on the physiological structure that may contain a blood vessel, such as an arm, a leg, a waist, an abdomen, etc. In one embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the upper arm of the physiological structure to measure blood pressure in the brachial artery. In one embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the forearm of the physiological structure to measure blood pressure in the radial artery. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the thigh / groin / pelvis of the physiological structure to measure blood pressure in the femoral artery. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the wrist of the physiological structure to measure blood pressure in the ulnar artery or radial artery. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the abdomen of the physiological structure to measure blood pressure in the aorta. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the neck of the physiological structure to measure blood pressure in the carotid artery. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the abdomen of a physiological structure (such as a human infant) to measure blood pressure in the abdominal aorta. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the wall of a thin cylindrical shell, such as a rocket, to assess the pressure of various internal fluids. In another embodiment, a measuring device may be placed on the wall of a thin cylindrical shell, such as a pipe, to assess the internal water or oil pressure.

[0106] The measuring device may use information associated with vital signs, blood pressure, and other characteristics of an internal portion, such as a blood vessel, to determine whether medication should be administered to the physiological structure. The measuring device may determine whether medication should be administered to the physiological structure based on information associated with vital signs, blood pressure, and other characteristics of the internal portion currently identified from the acoustic transducer. The measuring device may determine whether medication should be administered to the physiological structure by comparing information currently obtained from the acoustic transducer with previously obtained and / or stored information associated with the same internal portion.

[0107] In one example, a measurement device may use information associated with vital signs and other characteristics of a blood vessel obtained from audio energy received by an acoustic transducer to determine the current blood pressure of the blood vessel. The measurement device may compare the current blood pressure of the blood vessel with a predetermined blood pressure value for the blood vessel. When the measurement device determines that the current blood pressure is below a first predetermined blood pressure value, the measurement device may determine that a first medication treatment is needed for the physiological structure. When the measurement device determines that the current blood pressure is above a second predetermined blood pressure value, the measurement device may determine that a second medication treatment is needed for the physiological structure. When the measurement device determines that medication treatment is needed for the physiological structure, the measurement device may generate a report. The report may include information associated with the blood vessel, including the current vital signs, blood pressure, and other characteristics of the blood vessel. The report may include a medication prescription for the determined medication treatment. The report may be automatically sent to an authorized individual, such as a doctor, nurse, or medical practitioner. The report may be automatically sent to a system for monitoring the health of the physiological structure and administering medication treatment for the physiological structure.

[0108] In another example, the measuring device can be placed on a physiological structure (such as a human, an inanimate structure, or an animal) to monitor and evaluate organs of the physiological structure (such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver). The measuring device can be placed on a specific location of the physiological structure, such as the chest, abdomen, back, etc., depending on the organ to be monitored. In one embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the chest of the physiological structure to monitor the heart and evaluate any pathology of the heart. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the back of the physiological structure to monitor the lungs and evaluate any pathology of the lungs. In another embodiment, the measuring device can be placed on the abdomen of the physiological structure to monitor the liver and evaluate any pathology of the liver.

[0109] The measuring device may be attached to an attachment that allows it to be placed on a physiological structure and held in a specific position. The attachment may be a flexible material, such as a strip or strap, that can be used to wrap the measuring device around the physiological structure and secure it in place. The attachment may also be an adhesive material, such as a sticker or patch, that can be attached to a specific location on the physiological structure and secure it in place. Maintaining the measuring device in the same position relative to the physiological structure allows the measuring device to more accurately detect blood pressure in the blood vessels.

[0110] The measuring device can monitor vital signs and internal components of a physiological structure until the measuring device is no longer positioned on the physiological structure. The measuring device can monitor vital signs and internal components of a physiological structure until the measuring device loses power or loses signal when detecting high-frequency sound waves. The measuring device can monitor vital signs and internal components of a physiological structure until the measuring device is moved to a location on the physiological structure where it is no longer possible to determine and monitor specific vital signs and / or internal components of the physiological structure.

[0111] Figure 5 An example image of a physiological structure 500 monitored by acoustic transducers 550, 552, and 554 is shown. Acoustic transducers 550-554 can be part of a measurement device of the disclosed technology. For example, acoustic transducers 550-554 can be implemented on a wearable armband or cuff of the measurement device.

[0112] As shown, physiological structure 500 includes a cross-sectional view of a person's arm. Physiological structure 500 includes various internal physiological substructures that can be monitored / detected by a measurement device. These internal physiological substructures include biceps brachii (long head) 502, brachialis 504, humerus 506, lateral intermuscular interval 508 of the arm, radial nerve 510, triceps brachii (lateral head 512), triceps brachii (long head) 514, triceps brachii (medial head) 516, medial intermuscular interval 518 of the arm, ulnar nerve 520, brachial vein 522, brachial artery 524, median nerve 526, musculocutaneous nerve 528, biceps brachii (short head) 530, etc.

[0113] exist Figure 5 In the embodiment of the present invention, a measurement device can be placed at a location on a physiological structure 500, with the acoustic transducers of the measurement device (e.g., acoustic transducers 550, 552, and 554) pressed flat against the surface of the physiological structure. The acoustic transducers can transmit low-frequency or high-frequency sound or audio waves into the physiological structure 500 from multiple directions. The measurement device can use the low-frequency or high-frequency sound or audio waves to detect and identify vital signs and internal physiological substructures of the physiological structure 500. As described above, internal physiological substructures can include blood vessels (i.e., veins and arteries), organs (i.e., heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, brain, etc.), bones, tissues, muscles, tendons, etc. Internal parts can also include various conditions, including but not limited to fractures, abscesses, tumors, cellulitis, stones, etc. The measurement device can also use low-frequency or high-frequency sound waves to measure, induce, or detect frequency responses in blood vessels. The measurement device can also use low-frequency or high-frequency sound waves to determine characteristics of blood vessels and other internal parts of the physiological structure. The measurement device can measure frequencies in the blood vessel using the Laplace method of transformation or by audio direct imaging to determine properties of the blood vessel, such as its diameter.

[0114] To monitor the vital signs and internal components of a physiological structure, the measurement device may first generate a machine learning (ML) algorithm. The ML algorithm may be generated using the initially determined vital signs and other characteristics of the internal components. The initial vital signs of the internal components may be determined based on information associated with the audio energy received by the acoustic transducer. Other characteristics of the internal components may be determined based on the initial vital signs. Once the ML algorithm is generated, newly collected information associated with the vital signs and internal components may be applied to the ML algorithm to determine whether changes have occurred in the vital signs and internal components of the physiological structure.

[0115] In one example, a measuring device may monitor the blood pressure of a blood vessel in a physiological structure, and an ML algorithm may be generated using initially determined or predetermined vital signs and other characteristics of the blood vessel. The measuring device may determine the initially determined vital signs and other characteristics of the blood vessel based on the audio energy and audio signal received by the acoustic transducer that initially identifies the blood vessel. The predetermined vital signs and other characteristics of the blood vessel may be stored in a database of the system for extraction by the measuring device. When the measuring device obtains new vital signs and other characteristics of the blood vessel, the new vital signs and characteristics may be applied to the ML algorithm to determine whether the vital signs and other characteristics of the blood vessel have changed, including the blood pressure of the blood vessel. Determining changes in the vital signs and other characteristics of the internal portion of the physiological structure (such as the blood vessel) can detect and diagnose medical conditions present in the physiological structure.

[0116] Medical conditions that the measurement device can detect in physiological structures include congenital heart disease, limb ischemia, cardiovascular anomalies, preeclampsia, sepsis, persistent febrile infection, hypoxia, pneumonia, intubation, pulse oximetry complications, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, internal bleeding, hemorrhage, chronic lung disease, seizure risk, sleep apnea, postural tachycardia syndrome, hypotension, hypoglycemia, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), superficial thrombophlebitis, blood coagulation, tension pneumothorax, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), idiopathic intermittent atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (MI), hyperglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKT).

[0117] Figure 6An example image of a physiological structure 600 of the human body is shown. The physiological structure 600 has various internal physiological substructures of the human body that can be identified and monitored using a measuring device. Such internal physiological substructures may include internal physiological substructures 602-678. As shown, internal physiological substructures 602-678 may include various types of blood vessels. In one example, a blood vessel may include an artery or vein in the physiological structure 600. The blood vessels whose blood pressure is detected by the measuring device may include veins, arteries, carotid arteries, subclavian arteries, ascending aorta, descending aorta, axillary arteries, brachial arteries, radial arteries, ulnar arteries, palmar arch arteries, renal arteries, iliac arteries, femoral arteries, popliteal arteries, tibial arteries, anterior tibial arteries, dorsalis pedis arteries, posterior tibial arteries, abdominal aorta, genicular arteries, peroneal arteries, plantar / dorsal arch arteries, arcuate arteries, peroneal arteries or other. Based on a variety of factors, including the type of physiological structure (i.e., adults, infants, adult animals, young animals, etc.) and the blood vessels of interest, the measuring device may be placed at a specific location on the physiological structure 600 to detect the blood pressure of a specific blood vessel. Maintaining the measurement device in the same position relative to the physiological structure 600 may allow the measurement device to more accurately detect the blood pressure of the vessel of interest.

[0118] While perfect imaging of internal parts, such as blood vessels, is not essential for detecting and monitoring human vital signs, better quality images allow for better and faster identification and measurement of internal parts. An audio coupling medium may be placed on each acoustic transducer. The audio coupling medium may include a pad of a lubricating substance, such as silicone, gel, or hydrogel, that acts as an acoustic impedance matching layer. The audio coupling medium allows for clearer imaging of internal parts, such as blood vessels, compared to blood vessel imaging obtained using an acoustic transducer without the audio coupling medium.

[0119] Figure 7 Example images 702, 704, 706, and 708 of an internal portion of a physiological structure generated by a measurement device are shown. The example images show two sets of images taken at different locations within the physiological structure to detect and monitor different internal portions of the physiological structure. Specifically, images 702 and 704 depict the ulnar artery, while images 706 and 708 depict the brachial artery. Both arteries can be detected and monitored using a measurement device according to the disclosed technology.

[0120] Furthermore, the measurement device can combine or use the collected or pre-identified data on human vital signs and internal parts with one or more measurements and generated images of internal parts to generate an algorithm. In one example, the algorithm can be used to determine the precise location of blood vessels within a physiological structure. The pre-identified data, collected data, measurements, images, and / or the location of blood vessels can be displayed and viewed on a screen. The screen can be located on the measurement device and / or on another device associated with the measurement device.

[0121] After the measuring device generates an algorithm for a specific internal part (such as a blood vessel), the measuring device can monitor the specific internal part. In one example, the specific blood vessel can be monitored by continuously placing the measuring device on the physiological structure where the blood vessel is located. In another example, the specific blood vessel can be monitored by periodically placing the measuring device on the physiological structure where the blood vessel is located. By placing the measuring device on the physiological structure where the specific blood vessel is located, the measuring device can obtain new data about the blood vessel. The measuring device can use the new data to determine any changes in the specific blood vessel or any changes associated with the specific blood vessel, including any changes in other organs, bones, tissues, etc. of the surrounding physiological structures. In one embodiment, the measuring device can compare the new data with the algorithm generated for the specific blood vessel to determine any changes in the specific blood vessel.

[0122] Using a measurement device to monitor vital signs and changes in internal components such as blood vessels can identify any issues with physiological structures. In one embodiment, the measurement device can be used on a person to detect and monitor an arterial line for beat-to-beat monitoring, thereby determining if the person's blood pressure has changed and adjusting vasoactive medications, such as pressors, based on the blood pressure data. The measurement device can replace an arterial catheter for monitoring blood pressure or be used in conjunction with an arterial catheter for multiple arterial blood sampling, and can allow for earlier removal of the arterial catheter when arterial blood samples are no longer needed.

[0123] In one embodiment, a measuring device can obtain various vital sign measurements of a person. The measuring device can also be used to continuously obtain vital sign measurements of a person and automatically send the data to an associated device. Because the measuring device can obtain various vital sign measurements, it can replace multiple devices, such as blood pressure cuffs, electrocardiograms (EKGs), and pulse oximeters, each of which requires measuring a single type of vital sign. Being able to use a measuring device instead of multiple devices and tools can make it easier to obtain and monitor a person's measurements and determine the diagnosis and treatment of the person more quickly. Compared to other devices, using the measuring device can also accurately and non-invasively read and monitor a person's vital signs. Compared to using multiple different devices and tools, using a single measuring device to obtain and monitor various vital signs may be less problematic and can allow results to be obtained faster, especially in emergency situations where time is crucial to saving people in life-threatening conditions.

[0124] The measuring device can be portable and powered by a battery, which can be rechargeable and / or replaceable. The measuring device can be used with other devices, such as computers, monitors, mobile phones, tablets, etc. The measuring device can be connected to other devices via a wired or wireless connection (such as Bluetooth). Because the measuring device is portable, it can be used in any situation and location to obtain vital signs and internal measurements of physiological structures.

[0125] In another example, emergency personnel (such as paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs)) may use a measuring device on a person in a noisy and chaotic environment (such as the middle of a crowded street). Emergency personnel can also use an attachment to the measuring device (such as an elastic band or adhesive patch) to attach the measuring device to the person, allowing the emergency personnel to move and transport the person while continuously obtaining measurement results. Being able to continuously measure a person in an emergency situation can diagnose and treat the person faster and more accurately. In another example, emergency personnel will be able to use the measuring device to obtain the measurement results of an injured person and determine the condition and status of the injured person. After understanding the condition and status of the injured person, the emergency personnel can better determine whether the injured person is healthy enough to be transported to a medical facility, such as a hospital, STEMI receiving center, stroke center, etc. Before and during the transportation of the injured person to the medical facility, the emergency personnel can also provide the injured person with any preliminary medication and treatment. By continuously monitoring the injured person's measurement results, the emergency personnel can update the injured person's preliminary medication and treatment, and update their navigation route.

[0126] This measurement device also makes it easier to monitor individuals during or after mass casualty events, such as accidents or natural disasters. Emergency responders can care for multiple individuals simultaneously by using a measurement device for each person involved in a mass casualty event. By using a measurement device for each person involved in a mass casualty event, emergency responders can care for one person while still obtaining data and diagnostics for all individuals. Emergency responders will also be able to receive instant feedback from each measurement device, allowing for faster response and treatment from emergency responders. This can allow emergency responders to determine which of multiple individuals requires immediate medical attention and can save time and resources by allowing emergency responders to provide accurate treatment for each individual. Each measurement device can also send data, alerts, and information about each person connected to it to medical personnel and rescue workers, so that accurate treatment can be provided with faster response times. The data, alerts, and messages can also provide information about any changes in the health status of each person, so that treatment can be updated accordingly.

[0127] This measurement device can be used for physiological structures, such as people, that require continuous monitoring of their vital signs. When attached to a person's body, the measurement device can continuously acquire vital sign measurements, such as blood pressure and other data. The measurement device can analyze the vital sign measurements and other data acquired from the person. The person can program the measurement device to automatically send data to a doctor or any other individual associated with the measurement device, or manually select when to send data. The person can use the measurement device to send all acquired and analyzed data to a doctor so that the doctor can continuously monitor the person's health. The measurement device can be connected to another device, such as a computer, phone, tablet, etc., to transmit data to the individual. The measurement device can be connected to a system, application, or platform, such as a telemedicine platform, where data can be uploaded to a database for access by other individuals (such as doctors, nurses, practitioners, etc.). The measurement device can protect and lock the data by assigning a code or password to the data and providing such code or password to authorized individuals for access. Providing data to authorized individuals (such as doctors and medical staff) may help research health issues, thereby providing better and more accurate diagnosis and treatment for individuals. Measurement devices can automatically upload data to the system's cloud database, easily transmitting information from patients to their clinical care team, for research applications, or for personal patient information and storage.

[0128] When the measuring device determines that a person has a problem based on the data obtained, the measuring device can send an alarm (such as vibration, sound, message, etc.) and / or send a message to the person connected to the measuring device. When the measuring device determines that a person has a problem based on the data, it can also send alarms and messages to other individuals (such as doctors, family, friends, etc.). Alarms and messages may be automatically sent to authorized individuals. Multiple alarms may be sent, each of which contains a specific message. The message can contain the person's data and can include a recommended diagnosis and treatment for the person based on the data (for example, low blood pressure, seek medical advice). The measuring device can also use alarms and messages to provide updates to the person attached to the measuring device, wherein the update notifies the person of the actions that should be taken based on the data. These actions can include seeking medical treatment, taking medication, seeking emergency assistance, etc. The alarms and messages issued by the measuring device can help prevent or eliminate the person's medical problems and help save the person's life when medical assistance is urgently needed.

[0129] The measuring device can be used for any individual who needs to be monitored (whether it is periodic monitoring, continuous monitoring or one-time monitoring). In one example, a person with high blood pressure can attach the measuring device to their body and use it to continuously monitor the person's blood pressure. The measuring device can periodically send the patient's blood pressure data to the person's doctor who has been authorized by the person to access the data. When the measuring device determines based on the data that the person's blood pressure begins to rise or fall, the measuring device can issue an alert to the person so that the person can take action to stabilize their blood pressure again. When the measuring device determines based on the data that the person is in critical condition and needs emergency treatment, the measuring device can send a message to all individuals who are authorized to receive emergency notifications about the person.

[0130] In another example, personnel with coagulation risk can attach the measuring device to their human body and use it to continuously monitor personnel's vital signs to determine any increased coagulation burden on personnel. The measuring device can also be used for personnel with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), apnea, hypotension, hypoxia and other risks. The measuring device can obtain personnel's vital sign data and use these data to evaluate microthrombi, blood viscosity and other indicators. The measuring device can provide feedback to the patient based on data evaluation, such as recommended diagnosis and treatment. There are no restrictions on the type of personnel or purpose using the measuring device.

[0131] Hospitals and medical staff can also use the measuring device to monitor patients' vital signs. Using the measuring device allows medical staff to better understand the patient's health status and provide better treatment for the patient. In one example, a nurse can use the measuring device on a dialysis patient whose blood pressure is abnormal and changes rapidly during dialysis. The nurse is able to use the patient's vital sign data obtained by the measuring device to understand any habits in the patient's vital signs. The nurse can then predict when the patient's blood pressure will drop rapidly and adjust the dialysis parameters accordingly to accommodate before the patient experiences symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, or fainting. The nurse can also use the measuring device to monitor any changes in the patient's heart rate, respiratory response, and blood oxygen saturation (O2sat).

[0132] By using the measuring device on the patient, the hospital and medical staff can further monitor the patient's vital signs before performing surgery on the patient. This may be to ensure that the patient is healthy enough to undergo the surgery on the patient. If the measuring device analyzes the patient's data and determines that the patient's overall health status is above a threshold, the patient's health status can be determined to be healthy. The measuring device can also be used on the patient during and after surgery to monitor the patient's vital signs to ensure that the patient does not have any health problems during and after surgery. If the measuring device determines that there is a health problem, the measuring device can send alarms and messages to authorized individuals (such as patients, medical staff, family members, etc.) to notify them of the problem. This may help provide accurate treatment for the patient and minimize any health problems that may arise when performing surgery on the patient.

[0133] The measuring device can be used to determine a person's health status and whether the person's health status exceeds the requirements of a specific mission or event. In one example, the measuring device can be used for people traveling long distances, such as space tourists. In order for a person to be accepted for space travel as a space tourist, their overall health status must exceed a certain threshold. The measuring device can be used to continuously monitor the person for a period of time before the space trip so that management knows whether the person is healthy enough to become a space tourist on the day of the space trip. The measuring device can also determine, based on the obtained personal data, whether the person's overall health status is above a given threshold for allowing the person to participate in the space trip. The measuring device can also be used for people on the trip to ensure that any health issues that arise during the trip are discovered as soon as possible. The measuring device can send alerts and / or messages to the flight crew and / or ground staff so that medical assistance can be provided to the person experiencing health issues.

[0134] The measuring device can provide a simple way to obtain vital sign measurements of a person when they are in various states (such as nervous, relaxed, asleep, awake, etc.). In one example, the measuring device can be used for people who are easily stressed to monitor the vital signs of the person when they are in various states throughout the day. By continuously monitoring the vital signs of a person, the measuring device can accurately diagnose whether the person has any conditions, such as high blood pressure. The measuring device can determine that the person only has high blood pressure when the person is stressed. The measuring device can then send this determination and data of the person to authorized medical personnel so that the authorized medical personnel can correctly diagnose and treat the person. The measuring device can also access the vital sign measurements to determine the physical condition of the person, such as whether the person has a high temperature, whether they are experiencing pre-syncope, whether they are showing signs of illness, whether they are tired, and the overall health of the person. This can prevent the measuring device and the medical personnel receiving the data from providing inaccurate diagnosis and treatment to the patient.

[0135] The measurement device could be useful for professionals who need to work under stressful conditions. For example, during launch and re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, during extravehicular activities (EVA), and during spaceflight, astronauts may experience various stresses on their bodies, including changes in pressure, atmosphere, or temperature. The measurement device could allow flight doctors and other members of the astronaut team to monitor astronauts' vital sign measurements at every stage of a space mission to ensure they are healthy and have no issues.

[0136] In another example, a soldier on the battlefield may subject his or her body to various stresses, such as during live-fire exercises. Soldiers can include combat personnel, pilots, Marines, or any individual serving in a military capacity. Measurement equipment can monitor a soldier's vital signs and assess any injuries the soldier may have sustained. Based on the data, the measurement equipment can also send the data, along with alerts and messages, to medical personnel who can address the soldier's medical needs. Using measurement equipment can help save lives by providing accurate and up-to-date personal health data, allowing for accurate diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving assessment and evacuation times. The measurement equipment can also be used during soldier training to determine whether a soldier's health is sufficient to perform a specific mission.

[0137] The measurement device can provide a simpler and more comfortable way to obtain vital sign measurements of people who cannot be measured in the presence of medical personnel (such as a doctor). In one example, people who easily feel stressed and uncomfortable in front of a doctor or any medical personnel may have difficulty providing accurate vital sign measurements in the presence of medical personnel. The measurement device can allow people to more easily obtain vital sign measurements in a comfortable environment (such as their own home), and the data can be sent to medical personnel or any other authorized individual or platform or device. This is especially important for patients with medical anxiety or situational hypertension / white coat hypertension.

[0138] Anyone who wants to obtain and monitor their vital signs can use this measuring device. A person may want to obtain and monitor their vital signs to better understand their physical and overall health. A person may want to obtain and monitor their vital signs to achieve a certain purpose, such as improving their fitness level or reaching a certain physical fitness goal. The measuring device can be implemented as any device that can be attached to a person who wants or needs to obtain, measure, and monitor their vital signs. In one example, the measuring device can be implemented as a watch worn on the wrist of an athlete. An athlete may be training for a competition and may need and want to obtain, measure, and monitor their vital signs to help improve and adjust their training. The data obtained from the measuring device can be sent to the athlete's coach so that they can adjust and improve the athlete's training based on the data. In another example, a climber may need to obtain, measure, and monitor their vital signs while climbing a mountain. The measuring device can continuously obtain and monitor the climber's vital signs and use the obtained data to develop a plan for the climber to adapt to the environment. The measurement equipment can send alerts and information to climbers to instruct them to take different actions, such as when to climb, descend, abort, or rest in place to achieve optimal acclimatization or avoid conditions such as HAPE / HACE.

[0139] The measuring device can also help individuals who are in remote areas and have difficulty obtaining medical diagnosis from medical personnel. These remote areas may also include areas where modern medicine is not available. In one example, the measuring device can be used for expeditions and exploration of tropical island rainforests. If the measuring device determines that the explorer has a health problem based on the data obtained from the explorer, then this data can be sent to associated individuals, such as search and rescue teams, who can provide assistance to the explorer. The measuring device can also send alarms and messages to any associated individuals, wherein the alarms and messages can include the recommended diagnosis and treatment determined by the measuring device based on the data. The data, alarms and messages can provide the associated individuals with the information needed to provide accurate treatment to the explorer and make decisions, such as whether to request medical evacuation and what type of transportation to request, such as airplanes, helicopters, ships, etc. If there are multiple explorers on the same expedition, then the associated individuals can know how many individuals need medical assistance or have lost vital signs.

[0140] The measuring device can be associated with a company, such as a healthcare provider, an insurance provider, or the like. The person using the measuring device can associate the company with the measuring device. The company can receive notifications from the measuring device, wherein the notifications may include data associated with the person's vital sign measurements. The company can provide benefits to the person based on the data. In one example, an insurance company can determine based on the data that the person's health status is within 90% of individuals with similar attributes (such as age, gender, height, etc.). The insurance company can provide health insurance discounts based on this determination. When the person's health status continues to be within 90% of a specific group of individuals, the insurance company can continue to provide health insurance discounts to the person. The discounts provided by the insurance company can vary based on the determination of the person's overall health status based on the person's data.

[0141] By placing the measurement device at a desired location on the physiological structure where the vital signs and internal parts of the physiological structure need to be acquired and monitored (i.e., an arm, leg, waist, hip, neck, etc.), the measurement device can be used at multiple locations on the physiological structure. The measurement device can also be attached to any location on the physiological structure using an attachment (such as an adhesive or elastic material) to maintain the measurement device at a specific location. The measurement device can be attached to the physiological structure at different time periods to obtain data on the vital signs and internal parts of the person at different times of the day, when the person is in different conditions, and when the person is performing different tasks.

[0142] After obtaining and monitoring the vital signs of the physiological structure, the measuring device can analyze all the data of the physiological structure obtained and determine the diagnosis of the physiological structure. Non-limiting examples of the diagnosis that the measuring device can determine include congenital heart disease, pulse and limb ischemia risk, cardiovascular abnormalities (such as aortic dissection and vascular occlusion), pre-eclampsia, sepsis, persistent high temperature infection, hypoxia, pneumonia, intubation, pulse oximetry complications, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, internal bleeding, bleeding, chronic lung disease, epileptic seizure risk, sleep apnea, postural tachycardia syndrome, hypotension, hypoglycemia, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), superficial thrombophlebitis, blood coagulation, tension pneumothorax, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), idiopathic intermittent atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (MI), hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKT) and other diseases.

[0143] After analyzing the vital signs and internal components of the physiological structure and diagnosing the presence of any disease in the physiological structure, the measurement device can use all of the data from the physiological structure to predict the physiological structure's behavior. In one example, a person climbing a mountain, i.e., a climber, may attach a measurement device to their waist to monitor their vital signs. After the measurement device has acquired and analyzed the climber's vital sign data, it can determine whether the climber is at risk of illness, injury, disorder, etc. The measurement device can provide alerts and messages to the climber to inform the climber of the risk and provide advice on how to prevent such illness, injury, and / or disorder. These suggestions may include instructing the climber to stop moving and rest, descend in altitude, contact a base camp medical provider, or take medication.

[0144] In another example, a measurement device attached to the pilot's arm may alert the pilot when the measurement device determines, based on data of the pilot's vital signs, that the pilot is in danger of losing consciousness if he continues to perform dangerous flight maneuvers of the aircraft.

[0145] In another example, a measuring device can be attached to a pregnant woman in her second or third trimester. This measuring device can be used to monitor the woman's vital signs to detect longitudinal changes in blood pressure. If elevated blood pressure is detected, the measuring device can send an alert and / or message to a doctor for further analysis. Early detection of changes in a woman's blood pressure can help prevent and rapidly diagnose eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, allowing for faster medical care and treatment.

[0146] In another example, a measuring device is attached to an elderly person to monitor their vital signs. The measuring device can determine that the elderly person is about to fall based on the data of the elderly person's vital signs (e.g., rapidly progressive hypotension and / or tachycardia plus or minus acceleration measurements). The measuring device can send an alarm and / or message to the elderly person to notify him or her that he or she is about to fall so that he or she can sit or lie down before falling. The measuring device can also include an accelerometer to detect when the elderly person falls.

[0147] The measurement device can also send alerts and / or messages to other individuals, such as family members, doctors, emergency responders, and others, who have been authorized and listed in the measurement device to receive alerts and messages. The measurement device can predict various diseases, disorders, injuries, and the like that the physiological structure may experience based on the physiological structure's vital signs and internal data. The measurement device can also use all the data it acquires about the physiological structure to determine whether a specific disease, disorder, injury, condition, and the like exists within the physiological structure. In this way, the measurement device can both predict the future and determine current attributes and conditions related to the physiological structure's vital signs, internal components, and overall health.

[0148] Figure 8 An example measurement device 800 is shown in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosed technology.

[0149] As shown, the measurement device 800 includes a control unit 830 and a transducer 810. In some embodiments, the measurement device 800 may also include a monitoring system 820 (described in more detail below).

[0150] As shown, transducer 810 includes (one or more) acoustic transducers 812. Acoustic transducer 812 may include one or more acoustic transducers. As used herein, an acoustic transducer may refer to a device that: (a) transmits acoustic energy (e.g., a speaker); (b) acquires / receives acoustic energy (e.g., a microphone); or (c) transmits and receives acoustic energy (e.g., a transceiver comprising an acoustic transmitter and an acoustic receiver assembly). An acoustic transducer that transmits acoustic energy may convert the received electrical signal into the acoustic energy / acoustic signal it transmits. An acoustic transducer that acquires / receives acoustic energy may convert the acquired / received acoustic energy into an electrical signal. As used herein, an acoustic transducer that transmits acoustic energy but does not receive / acquire acoustic energy (e.g., a speaker) may be referred to as a non-receiver acoustic transducer. Generally speaking, a non-receiver acoustic transducer (e.g., a speaker) is cheaper and consumes less power than an acoustic transducer that transmits and receives acoustic energy (e.g., an acoustic transceiver).

[0151] Certain embodiments can reduce cost and power consumption by using non-receiver acoustic transducers in the measurement devices of the presently disclosed technology. For example, the acoustic transducer(s) 812 may include one or more non-receiver acoustic transducers. Such non-receiver acoustic transducers can be used to transmit acoustic energy of different frequencies toward a blood vessel to detect / determine the resonant frequency of the blood vessel. Generally, blood vessels absorb some acoustic energy and reflect some back. Because the embodiments of the presently disclosed technology are designed based on the understanding that when a blood vessel is struck by acoustic energy at the resonant frequency of the vessel wall (i.e., the vessel wall), the vessel wall will absorb a significant amount of the acoustic energy, while less acoustic energy will be reflected back at the non-receiver acoustic transducer. For example, embodiments can use a non-receiver acoustic transducer to transmit acoustic energy at a first frequency and then transmit acoustic energy at a second frequency. Here, the second frequency may correspond to the resonant frequency of the vessel wall. Therefore, in response to the acoustic energy transmission at the second frequency, the vessel wall may reflect significantly less acoustic energy back to the non-receiver acoustic transducer.

[0152] However, due to the lack of an acoustic energy receiving component, when the blood vessel is impacted by acoustic energy at its resonant frequency (i.e., the second frequency), the non-receiver acoustic transducer is generally unable to detect the change in acoustic energy reflected back to the non-receiver acoustic transducer. The embodiments are intelligently designed to overcome this technical challenge by measuring the electrical characteristics of the non-receiver acoustic transducer (e.g., current, voltage, power, resistance, impedance, etc.) as a proxy for measuring the acoustic energy reflected back to the non-receiver acoustic transducer. This is based on a wise insight that the electrical characteristics of the non-receiver acoustic transducer may be affected by the amount of acoustic energy propagating toward the non-receiver acoustic transducer in a direction opposite to the direction in which the non-receiver acoustic transducer transmits audio energy (similar to pushing a door against the wind). For example, the amount of electrical power required for the non-receiver acoustic transducer to transmit acoustic energy may increase when other acoustic energy propagates back to the non-receiver acoustic transducer in the opposite direction. In other words, when smaller amounts of acoustic energy are reflected from the blood vessel wall back to the non-receiver acoustic transducer, the non-receiver acoustic transducer may require less electrical power to transmit the acoustic energy. Thus, embodiments may determine the resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall as the transmission frequency at which the amount of power required for transmission is reduced / minimized.

[0153] However, it should be understood that in other embodiments, the acoustic transducer(s) 812 may include an acoustic transceiver capable of both transmitting and receiving acoustic energy. In these embodiments, the measurement device 800 may determine the resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall by analyzing the acoustic energy received by the acoustic transducer(s) 812 after being reflected from the blood vessel.

[0154] As shown, in some embodiments, transducer 810 may also include ultrasonic transducer(s) 816. Ultrasonic transducer(s) 816 may include one or more ultrasonic transducers capable of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy (i.e., acoustic energy related to ultrasonic signals). Although ultrasonic transducer(s) 816 may be more expensive and consume more power than non-ultrasonic acoustic transducers, ultrasonic transducer(s) 816 can be used to image blood vessels. Thus, measurement device 800 can leverage the imaging capabilities of ultrasonic energy to determine the wall thickness and vessel radius of a blood vessel. As described above, measurement device 800 can use these determined parameters, along with the determined resonant frequency of the vessel wall, to generate a blood pressure measurement. While wall thickness and vessel radius are generally relatively consistent across individuals, precise / individualized measurement of these parameters can yield more accurate blood pressure measurements. Therefore, by utilizing ultrasonic transducer(s) 816 to determine the wall thickness and vessel radius of a blood vessel, measurement device 800 can improve blood pressure measurement accuracy. However, in other embodiments (e.g., where the ultrasonic transducer(s) 816 are not included in the transducer 810 (e.g., to reduce cost and power consumption), the measurement device 800 may rely on estimates of these parameters obtained from applicable medical databases / medical literature. In further embodiments, the measurement device 800 may utilize the ultrasonic transducer(s) 816 to initially measure the wall thickness and vessel radius of the vessel, and then rely on low-power non-ultrasonic transducers to continue monitoring the vessel wall resonant frequency, as embodiments do not require an ultrasonic transducer for such monitoring.

[0155] As shown, the measurement device 800 further includes a control unit 830. Components within the control unit 830 may communicate via a data bus and / or other suitable communication interface.

[0156] The communication circuitry 832 may include at least one of a wireless communication interface 833 (e.g., a transceiver with an antenna) and a wired communication interface 834 (e.g., an I / O interface with an associated hardwired data port). The control unit 830 may utilize the communication circuitry 832 to communicate with the transducer 810 and the monitoring system 820. The control unit 830 may also utilize the communication circuitry 832 to communicate with devices remote from the measurement device 800. For example, in some implementations, the monitoring system 820 may be located remote from the measurement device 800.

[0157] The wireless communication interface 833 may include a transceiver (i.e., a receiver and a transmitter) to allow wireless communication via various communication protocols (such as WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, near field communication, etc.). As described above, the wireless communication interface 833 may include an antenna coupled to the transceiver to wirelessly send and receive radio signals. These radio signals may include information sent to and from the transducer 810 and the monitoring system 820. These radio signals may also include radio signals sent to and from devices remote from the measurement device 800.

[0158] The wired communication interface 834 may include a receiver and a transmitter for hard-wired communication with other components of the measurement device 800 (e.g., the transducer 810 and the monitoring system 820). For example, the wired communication interface 834 may provide a hard-wired interface with other components, including the transducer 810 and the monitoring system 820. The wired communication interface 834 may communicate with these components using Ethernet or any number of other wired communication protocols. In various examples, the wired communication interface 834 may communicate with devices that are remote from the measurement device 800.

[0159] As shown, the determination circuit 836 includes processor(s) 837 and memory 838. The processor(s) 837 may include one or more processing resources, such as a GPU, a CPU, a microprocessor, or the like.

[0160] The memory 838 may include one or more modules of various forms of memory / data storage devices (e.g., flash memory, RAM, etc.) for storing various data, parameters, and operating instructions used by the processor(s) 837, as well as any other suitable information.

[0161] Although Figure 8 The specific example of the control unit 830 is described using a processor and memory circuit, but the determination circuit 836 can be implemented using any form of circuitry, including, for example, hardware, software, or a combination thereof. As a further example, the control unit 830 can be implemented using one or more processors, controllers, ASICs, PLAs, PALs, CPLDs, FPGAs, logic components, software routines, or other mechanisms.

[0162] The power supply 839 may include any type of suitable power source. For example, the power supply 839 may include one or more batteries (e.g., rechargeable batteries or primary batteries, including lithium-ion, lithium polymer, nickel metal hydride, nickel cadmium, nickel zinc, nickel metal hydride, etc.), a power connector (e.g., to connect to a power source), and an energy harvester (e.g., a solar cell, a piezoelectric system, etc.).

[0163] As described above, in some embodiments, the measurement device 800 may include a monitoring system 820. In other embodiments, the monitoring system 820 may include a remotely located standalone system. The monitoring system 820 may display information related to the monitored blood pressure to the user. For example, the control unit 830 may generate a blood pressure measurement and then send a notification containing the generated blood pressure measurement to the monitoring system 820. The monitoring system 820 may include a graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying the notification to the user.

[0164] In some embodiments, the measurement device 800 can include a wearable cuff that is sized to be worn on a person's limb (e.g., an armband). Blood vessels may be located within a person's limb. Here, the transducers 810 can be mechanically attached to the wearable cuff so that they contact the person's tissue.

[0165] Figure 9 An example method 900 is shown for generating a blood pressure measurement based on a determined resonant frequency of blood vessel wall vibration.

[0166] As shown, operation 916 may include transmitting acoustic energy at a first frequency toward a blood vessel (e.g., an artery, a vein, a capillary, etc.) using an acoustic transducer. In some embodiments, the acoustic transducer may include a non-receiver acoustic transducer. In various implementations, the blood vessel may be located within a physiological structure, and transmitting the acoustic energy toward the blood vessel may include transmitting the acoustic energy toward the blood vessel through the physiological structure.

[0167] Operation 918 may include first measuring an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer. As described above, the electrical characteristic may include at least one of: current; power; voltage; resistance; and impedance. Here, first measuring the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer may be in response to acoustic energy emission at a first frequency.

[0168] Operation 920 may include transmitting acoustic energy at a second frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer. In some examples, the second frequency may correspond to a resonant frequency of vibration of the blood vessel wall.

[0169] Operation 922 may include measuring an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer a second time.The second measurement of the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer may be in response to acoustic energy emission at a second frequency.

[0170] Operation 924 may include determining a change in an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer between the first measurement and the second measurement, the determined change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer corresponding to a change in acoustic energy reflected from the blood vessel.

[0171] Operation 926 may include determining a resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration based on the determined change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer.

[0172] Operation 928 may include generating a blood pressure measurement based on the determined resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration. In some implementations, generating the blood pressure measurement may include generating the blood pressure measurement based on: the determined resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration; the estimated blood vessel wall thickness; and the estimated vessel radius of the blood vessel.

[0173] In some implementations, method 900 can also include sending a notification containing the generated blood pressure measurement to the monitoring system.

[0174] In some implementations, method 900 may further include: (a) transmitting acoustic energy at a third frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer; (b) measuring an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer a third time; and (c) determining a second change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer between the second and third measurements, the determined second change in the electrical characteristic of the transducer corresponding to a second change in acoustic energy reflected from the blood vessel. Determining the resonant frequency of vibration of the blood vessel wall may include determining the resonant frequency of vibration of the blood vessel wall based on the first and second determined changes in acoustic energy reflected from the blood vessel. Using the third frequency may improve accuracy / precision in determining the resonant frequency of vibration of the blood vessel wall.

[0175] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 , which depicts how to use computing component 1010 to implement method 900. Here, computing component 1010 can be Figure 8 Although it is not described for the sake of brevity, Figure 10 , but other components of the computing component 1010 are described here.

[0176] The computing component 1010 can be, for example, a server computer, a controller, or any other similar computing component capable of processing data. Figure 10 In an example implementation of , computing component 1010 includes a hardware processor 1012 , and a machine-readable storage medium 1014 .

[0177] The hardware processor 1012 may be one or more central processing units (CPUs), semiconductor-based microprocessors, and / or other hardware devices suitable for retrieving and executing instructions stored in the machine-readable storage medium 1014. The hardware processor 1012 may fetch, decode, and execute instructions (such as instructions 1016-1028) to control a process or operation. Alternatively or in addition to retrieving and executing instructions, the hardware processor 1012 may include one or more electronic circuits including electronic components for performing the functions of one or more instructions, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other electronic circuits.

[0178] A machine-readable storage medium, such as machine-readable storage medium 1014, can be any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that contains or stores executable instructions. Thus, machine-readable storage medium 1014 can be, for example, random access memory (RAM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a storage device, an optical disk, and the like. In some examples, machine-readable storage medium 1014 can be a non-transitory storage medium, where the term "non-transitory" does not encompass transient propagation indicators. As described in detail below, machine-readable storage medium 1014 can be encoded with executable instructions, such as instructions 1016-1028.

[0179] Figure 11 An example method 1100 is shown for generating a blood pressure measurement based on a determined resonant frequency of blood vessel wall vibration.

[0180] Operation 1116 may include transmitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a first frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer.As described above, generating non-ultrasonic acoustic energy rather than ultrasonic acoustic energy may reduce cost and power consumption.

[0181] Operation 1118 may include acquiring, with an acoustic transducer, a first audio signal generated by reflection of non-ultrasonic acoustic energy transmitted at a first frequency from a blood vessel.

[0182] Operation 1120 may include transmitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a second frequency toward the blood vessel using an acoustic transducer.

[0183] Operation 1122 may include acquiring, with the acoustic transducer, a second audio signal generated by reflection of the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy transmitted at the second frequency from the blood vessel.

[0184] Operation 1124 may include determining a resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration based on the first and second audio signals.

[0185] Operation 1126 may include generating a blood pressure measurement based on the determined resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration. Here, generating the blood pressure measurement may include generating the blood pressure measurement based on: the determined resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration; the estimated blood vessel wall thickness; and the estimated vessel radius of the blood vessel. As described above, the wall thickness and vessel radius may be estimated to account for situations where ultrasound imaging cannot determine these parameters.

[0186] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 , which shows how method 1100 is performed by computing component 1210. Similar to computing component 1010, computing component 1210 may be Figure 8 For the sake of brevity, the following description will not be given. Figure 12The hardware processor 1212 and the machine-readable storage medium 1214 can be used with Figure 10 The hardware processor 1012 and the machine-readable storage medium 1014 are the same / similar to each other.

[0187] Figure 13 An example method 1300 is shown for generating a blood pressure measurement based on a determined resonant frequency of blood vessel wall vibration.

[0188] Operation 1316 may include transmitting ultrasonic energy toward the blood vessel using an ultrasonic transducer.

[0189] Operation 1318 may include acquiring, using an ultrasound transducer, a first audio signal generated by ultrasound energy reflected from a blood vessel.

[0190] Operation 1320 may include determining a wall thickness and a blood vessel radius of the blood vessel based on the first audio signal.

[0191] Operation 1322 may include transmitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a first frequency toward the blood vessel using a non-ultrasonic acoustic transducer.

[0192] Operation 1324 may include acquiring, with the acoustic transducer, a second audio signal generated by reflection of the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy transmitted at the first frequency from the blood vessel.

[0193] Operation 1326 may include determining a resonant frequency of the blood vessel wall vibration based on the first and second audio signals.

[0194] Operation 1328 may include generating a blood pressure measurement based on the determined wall thickness, vessel radius, and resonant frequency.

[0195] As described above, embodiments may save power consumption by initially determining vessel wall thickness and vessel radius (which typically cannot be determined using non-ultrasonic transducers) using only ultrasonic transducers, and then continuing to monitor / determine the resonant frequency of vessel wall vibration using only non-ultrasonic transducers.

[0196] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 , which shows how method 1300 is performed by computing component 1410. Similar to computing component 1010, computing component 1410 may be Figure 8 For the sake of brevity, the following description will not be given. Figure 14 The hardware processor 1412 and the machine-readable storage medium 1414 can be used with Figure 10 The hardware processor 1012 and the machine-readable storage medium 1014 are the same / similar to each other.

[0197] Figure 15A chip set 1500 is shown that can implement embodiments of the present disclosure. Chip set 1500 can include, for example, processor and memory components incorporated into one or more physical packages. For example, a physical package includes the arrangement of one or more materials, components, and / or wires on a structural assembly (e.g., a substrate) to provide one or more characteristics, such as physical strength, conservation of size, and / or limitation of electrical interactions.

[0198] In one embodiment, chipset 1500 includes a communication mechanism, such as a bus 1502, for transferring information between components of chipset 1500. Processor 1504 is connected to bus 1502 to execute instructions and process information stored in memory 1506. Processor 1504 includes one or more processing cores, each configured to execute independently. Multi-core processors enable multi-processing within a single physical package. Examples of multi-core processors include two, four, eight, or more processing cores. Alternatively or additionally, processor 1504 includes one or more microprocessors configured in series via bus 1502 to enable independent execution of instructions, pipelining, and multithreading. Processor 1504 may also be accompanied by one or more specialized components to perform certain processing functions and tasks, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 1508 and / or one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) 1510. DSP 1508 can generally be configured to process real-world signals (e.g., sound) in real time independently of processor 1504. Similarly, ASIC 1510 can be configured to perform specialized functions that are not easily performed by general-purpose processors. Other specialized components that help perform the inventive functions described herein include one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) (not shown), one or more controllers (not shown), or one or more other special-purpose computer chips.

[0199] The processor 1504 and its associated components are connected to a memory 1506 via a bus 1502. The memory 1506 includes both dynamic memory (e.g., RAM) and static memory (e.g., ROM) for storing executable instructions that, when executed by the processor 1504, the DSP 1508, and / or the ASIC 1510, perform the processes of the example embodiments described herein. The memory 1506 also stores data associated with or generated by the execution of the processes.

[0200] In this document, "machine-readable medium," "computer-readable medium," and similar terms are generally used to refer to non-transitory media (volatile or non-volatile) used to store data and / or instructions that cause a machine to operate in a specific fashion. Common forms of machine-readable media include, for example, hard disks, solid-state drives, magnetic tape or any other magnetic data storage medium, optical disks or any other optical data storage medium, any physical medium with a pattern of holes, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH-EPROM, NVRAM, any other memory chip or cartridge, and networked versions thereof.

[0201] These and other various forms of computer-readable media can be used to transmit one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processing device for execution. Such instructions embodied on the medium are generally referred to as "instructions" or "code." The instructions can be grouped in the form of computer programs or other groupings. When executed, these instructions can enable the processing device to perform the features or functions of the present application discussed herein.

[0202] In this document, a "processing device" may be implemented as a single processor that performs processing operations, or a combination of special-purpose and / or general-purpose processors that perform processing operations. A processing device may include a CPU, GPU, APU, DSP, FPGA, ASIC, SOC, and / or other processing circuitry.

[0203] The various embodiments described herein are described in the form of exemplary block diagrams, flow charts, and other diagrams. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, after reading this document, that the illustrated embodiments and their various alternatives can be implemented without limitation to the examples shown. For example, the block diagrams and their accompanying descriptions should not be construed as mandating a specific architecture or configuration.

[0204] Each process, method, and algorithm described in the preceding sections may be embodied in a code component executed by one or more computer systems or computer processors comprising computer hardware, and fully or partially automated thereby. These processes and algorithms may be implemented in part or in whole in dedicated circuits. The various features and processes described above may be used independently of one another, or may be used in combination in various ways. Different combinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure, and certain method or process blocks may be omitted in some implementations. In addition, unless the context dictates otherwise, the methods and processes described herein are not limited to any particular order, and the blocks or states associated therewith may be executed in other appropriate orders, or may be executed in parallel, or in some other manner. Blocks or states may be added or deleted in the disclosed example embodiments. The execution of certain operations or processes may be distributed among computer systems or computer processors, not only residing within a single machine, but also deployed on multiple machines.

[0205] As used herein, the term "or" may be interpreted in an inclusive or exclusive sense. Furthermore, singular descriptions of resources, operations, or structures should not be interpreted as excluding the plural. Conditional language, such as "can," "might," "might," or "could," unless expressly stated otherwise or otherwise understood in the context of use, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include certain features, elements, and / or steps while other embodiments do not.

[0206] Unless expressly stated otherwise, the terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, should be interpreted as open ended, not restrictive. Adjectives such as "conventional," "traditional," "normal," "standard," "known," and terms of similar meaning should not be construed to limit the items described to those available within a given time period or at a given time, but rather should be read to encompass conventional, traditional, normal, or standard technology available or known at any time now or in the future. In certain cases, even if broad words and phrases such as "one or more," "at least," "but not limited to," or other similar phrases appear, they should not be construed to imply a limitation to or requirement for a narrower situation than would otherwise be the case.

Claims

1. A method for continuously and non-invasively measuring blood pressure, the method comprising: transmitting acoustic energy at a first frequency toward the blood vessel using an acoustic transducer; measuring an electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer for a first time; emitting acoustic energy at a second frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer; measuring the electrical characteristics of the acoustic transducer for a second time; determining a change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer between a first measurement and a second measurement, the determined change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer corresponding to a change in acoustic energy reflected from the blood vessel; determining a resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel based on the determined change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer; and A blood pressure measurement is generated based on the determined resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel. 2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second frequency corresponds to the resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: measuring the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer for a first time in response to transmitting the acoustic energy at a first frequency; and The electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer is measured a second time in response to transmitting the acoustic energy at the second frequency.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: emitting acoustic energy at a third frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer; measuring the electrical characteristics of the acoustic transducer for a third time; as well as determining a second change in the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer between the second measurement and the third measurement, the determined second change in the electrical characteristic of the transducer corresponding to a second change in reflected acoustic energy from the blood vessel; Wherein determining the resonant frequency of the vibration of the wall of the blood vessel comprises determining the resonant frequency of the vibration of the wall of the blood vessel based on the determined first and second changes in reflected acoustic energy from the blood vessel. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic transducer comprises a non-receiver acoustic transducer.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical characteristic of the acoustic transducer comprises at least one of: current; power; Voltage; resistors; and impedance.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the blood pressure measurement comprises generating the blood pressure measurement based on: determining a resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel; an estimated wall thickness of the blood vessel; and The estimated vessel radius of the blood vessel.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The blood vessel is located in a physiological structure; and Transmitting acoustic energy toward the blood vessel includes transmitting acoustic energy toward the blood vessel through the physiological structure.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A notification containing the generated blood pressure measurement is sent to the monitoring system.

10. A system for continuously and non-invasively measuring blood pressure, the system comprising: Acoustic transducers; one or more processors; as well as a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the one or more processors having instructions stored therein, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to: emitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a first frequency toward a blood vessel using the acoustic transducer; Acquiring, using the acoustic transducer, a first audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy emitted at the first frequency; transmitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a second frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer; acquiring, using the acoustic transducer, a second audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy emitted at the second frequency; determining a resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal; and A blood pressure measurement is generated based on the determined resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a wearable sleeve sized to be worn on a limb of a person, wherein: an acoustic transducer mechanically attached to the wearable cuff; and The blood vessel is located within a limb of the person.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are mechanically attached to the wearable cuff.

13. The system according to claim 10, further comprising: a second acoustic transducer; as well as instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to: transmitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a first frequency toward the blood vessel using the second acoustic transducer; and The acoustic transducer is used to acquire a third audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy emitted at the first frequency.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein generating the blood pressure measurement comprises generating the blood pressure measurement based on: determining a resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel; an estimated wall thickness of the blood vessel; and The estimated vessel radius of the blood vessel.

15. The system of claim 10, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to: transmitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a third frequency toward the blood vessel using the acoustic transducer; and acquiring, using the acoustic transducer, a third audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy emitted at the third frequency; Wherein determining the resonant frequency of the vibration of the wall of the blood vessel includes determining the resonant frequency of the vibration of the wall of the blood vessel based on the first audio signal, the second audio signal, and the third audio signal.

16. A system for continuously and non-invasively measuring blood pressure, the system comprising: Ultrasonic transducer; non-ultrasonic acoustic transducers; one or more processors; as well as a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the one or more processors having instructions stored therein, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, causing the system to: emitting ultrasonic energy at the blood vessel using the ultrasonic transducer; Acquiring, using the ultrasonic transducer, a first audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the ultrasonic energy; determining a wall thickness and a blood vessel radius of the blood vessel according to the first audio signal; emitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a first frequency toward the blood vessel using the non-ultrasonic acoustic transducer; acquiring, using the acoustic transducer, a second audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy emitted at the first frequency; emitting non-ultrasonic acoustic energy at a second frequency toward the blood vessel using the non-ultrasonic acoustic transducer; acquiring, using the acoustic transducer, a third audio signal generated by the blood vessel reflecting the non-ultrasonic acoustic energy emitted at the second frequency; determining a resonant frequency of vibration of the wall of the blood vessel based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal; and Blood pressure measurements are generated based on the determined wall thickness, vessel radius, and resonant frequency.

17. The system of claim 16, further comprising a wearable sleeve sized to be worn on a limb of a person, wherein: The acoustic transducer is mechanically attached to the wearable cuff; and The blood vessel is located in a limb of the person.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are mechanically attached to the wearable cuff.

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