Aquaculture method capable of rapidly decomposing antibiotics and special biological feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an aquaculture method capable of rapidly decomposing antibiotics and a special biological feed. The aquaculture method capable of rapidly decomposing antibiotics comprises the following steps: S1, pretreatment of an aquaculture water body: adding a compound microbial agent into the aquaculture water body, and adjusting the dissolved oxygen content and the pH value of the water body; s2, ecological culture matching: reasonably matching aquatic plants and filter-feeding fishes in the culture pond; s3, feeding with special biological feed: feeding for three times every day. According to the invention, the compound microbial agent is added into the culture water body, and the ecological effects of aquatic plants and filter-feeding animals are combined, so that antibiotic residues in the water body can be quickly and effectively decomposed. Meanwhile, small peptide, a fermentation product, a compound enzyme preparation and a probiotic preparation in the special biological feed have a synergistic effect, so that decomposition and metabolism of antibiotics in intestinal tracts of the aquatic animals can be promoted, and antibiotic residues in bodies are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to an aquaculture method and special biological feed capable of rapidly decomposing antibiotics. Background Art

[0002] With the booming global aquaculture industry, aquatic products have become a vital source of protein for humanity. However, with increasing stocking densities and deteriorating aquaculture environments, aquatic animal diseases are becoming increasingly common. Antibiotics, as a key tool for disease prevention and growth promotion, are widely used in aquaculture. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), global annual antibiotic use in aquaculture reaches tens of thousands of tons, with an increasing trend.

[0003] The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a series of serious problems. From the perspective of aquatic animal health, the long-term, high-intensity use of antibiotics can disrupt the microbial balance in their intestines, inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria, and lead to a decline in immunity, making them more susceptible to disease, creating a vicious cycle. Studies have shown that in aquaculture environments where antibiotics are continuously used, the number of beneficial bacteria in fish intestines can decrease by 40-60%, and the disease incidence rate in farmed fish is actually 20-30% higher than in a control group without antibiotics. Furthermore, antibiotic residues can affect the growth and metabolism of aquatic animals, leading to slower growth.

[0004] Antibiotic residues are transmitted through the food chain, posing a potential threat to human health. When humans consume aquatic products containing antibiotic residues, these residues can accumulate in the body, triggering allergic reactions, drug resistance, and other issues. Studies have shown that long-term consumption of foods containing antibiotic residues can cause the development of drug-resistant genes in the human gut microbiome, increasing the risk of infection with resistant bacteria. For example, long-term consumption of fish containing quinolone antibiotic residues in children may affect bone development. Pregnant women who consume aquatic products containing antibiotic residues may experience adverse effects on fetal health. Furthermore, antibiotic residues can damage the human immune system, reducing resistance to disease.

[0005] Environmentally, antibiotic residues in aquaculture water can severely damage aquatic ecosystems. Antibiotics inhibit the activity of microorganisms in the water, affecting the water's self-purification capacity and leading to deterioration of water quality. Studies have shown that in waters containing antibiotic residues, the degradation rate of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is significantly slowed, exacerbating eutrophication. Furthermore, antibiotic residues negatively impact aquatic biodiversity, leading to reductions in plankton and benthic organisms, and disrupting ecological balance.

[0006] To address the problem of antibiotic residues in aquaculture, various technical approaches are currently in place. While physical methods such as aeration and filtration can remove some antibiotics from water to a certain extent, they are inefficient and difficult to completely eliminate. Chemical methods, such as the use of strong oxidants, while effective, can cause secondary pollution and are costly. While bioremediation methods, such as the use of microorganisms to degrade antibiotics, offer environmental advantages, existing microbial strains have limited degradation capabilities and slow degradation rates, making them inadequate for practical aquaculture needs. For example, a traditional microbial agent can take 15-20 days to reduce antibiotic residues by approximately 50% when treating antibiotic-containing aquaculture wastewater. Furthermore, in actual aquaculture waters, the complex environment significantly reduces its effectiveness.

[0007] Therefore, developing an efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost and easy-to-operate aquaculture method and supporting biological feed that can quickly decompose antibiotics is of great practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

[0008] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an aquaculture method and a special biological feed with the ability to quickly decompose antibiotics, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics, comprising the following steps: S1. Aquaculture water pretreatment Add compound microbial agents to the aquaculture water, adjust the dissolved oxygen content and pH of the water, and test the dissolved oxygen content and pH of the water every 3 days during the aquaculture process and adjust them accordingly; S2. Ecological farming combination Aquatic plants and filter-feeding fish are rationally combined in the aquaculture pond; wherein the aquatic plant planting area accounts for 10-20% of the total area of the aquaculture pond; the filter-feeding fish are stocked at a density of 50-80 per mu; S3. Special biological feed feeding Feed three times a day: 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.; the feeding amount is 2-3% of the total body weight of the fish in the breeding pond.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2; wherein the effective viable counts of Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis are 3.5×10 9 cfu / g and 4.2×10 9 cfu / g.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of the composite microbial agent added is 500-800 g / m 3 .

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is 5-8 mg / L. When the dissolved oxygen content is lower than 5 mg / L, the oxygenation equipment is turned on to maintain the dissolved oxygen content of the water body; the pH value of the water body is 7.5-8.5. When the pH value of the water body is lower than 7.5, limestone is added for adjustment to maintain the pH value of the water body.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the aquatic plants include water hyacinth and duckweed; the filter-feeding fish include silver carp and bighead carp, and the tail number ratio of the silver carp to the bighead carp is 1:0.6.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the special biological feed is composed of the basic raw materials, 0.7% of the total weight of the basic raw materials by complex enzyme preparation, 1.5% of the total weight of the basic raw materials by probiotic preparation and 0.1% of the total weight of the basic raw materials by deep-sea fish oligopeptide; The basic raw material is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of corn flour and 10-15 parts of rice bran; The composite enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing cellulase, protease and amylase in equal mass ratios; The probiotics are prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus in equal mass ratios.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the special biological feed is as follows: the basic raw materials and deep-sea fish oligopeptides are mixed evenly, water is added to the mixture until the moisture content is 45%, and after fermentation at 30°C for 12 hours, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotic preparation are added, stirred and mixed evenly, placed in a granulator for granulation, and then dried to a moisture content of 8% to obtain the special biological feed.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention can quickly and effectively decompose antibiotic residues in aquaculture water by adding a composite microbial agent to the aquaculture water, combined with the ecological effects of aquatic plants and filter-feeding animals. At the same time, the small peptides, fermentation products, composite enzyme preparations and probiotic preparations in the special biological feed work synergistically to promote the decomposition and metabolism of antibiotics in the intestines of aquatic animals, thereby reducing antibiotic residues in the body.

[0018] (2) The improved breeding environment and the biological feed with balanced nutrition and conducive to the decomposition of antibiotics provided by the present invention can promote the growth and development of aquatic animals and enhance their immunity.

[0019] (3) The present invention reduces the pollution of antibiotic residues to aquaculture water and the surrounding environment, protects the ecological balance, reduces environmental pressure, and achieves sustainable development of aquaculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 An aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics, comprising the following steps: S1. Aquaculture water pretreatment Add compound microbial agents to the aquaculture water, adjust the dissolved oxygen content and pH of the water, and test the dissolved oxygen content and pH of the water every 3 days during the aquaculture process and adjust them accordingly; S2. Ecological farming combination Aquatic plants and filter-feeding fish are rationally combined in the aquaculture pond; wherein the aquatic plant planting area accounts for 20% of the total area of the aquaculture pond; the filter-feeding fish stocking density is 80 fish per mu; S3. Special biological feed feeding Feed three times a day: 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.; the feeding amount is 2.5% of the total body weight of fish in the breeding pond.

[0022] In step S1, the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2; wherein the effective viable counts of Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis are 3.5×10 9 cfu / g and 4.2×10 9 cfu / g; the addition amount of the composite microbial agent is 750g / m 3 .

[0023] In step S1, the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is 5-8 mg / L. When the dissolved oxygen content is lower than 5 mg / L, the oxygenation equipment is turned on to maintain the dissolved oxygen content of the water body; the pH value of the water body is 7.5-8.5. When the pH value of the water body is lower than 7.5, limestone is added to adjust the pH value of the water body.

[0024] In step S2, the aquatic plants include water hyacinth and duckweed; the filter-feeding fish include silver carp and bighead carp, and the tail number ratio of the silver carp to the bighead carp is 1:0.6.

[0025] In step S3, the special biological feed is composed of basic raw materials, a complex enzyme preparation accounting for 0.7% of the total weight of the basic raw materials, a probiotic preparation accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the basic raw materials, and a deep-sea fish oligopeptide accounting for 0.1% of the total weight of the basic raw materials; the basic raw materials are composed of the following components: 45 kg of soybean meal, 30 kg of corn flour and 15 kg of rice bran; the complex enzyme preparation is composed of a mixture of cellulase, protease and amylase in equal mass ratios; the probiotics are composed of a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus in equal mass ratios.

[0026] The preparation method of the special biological feed is as follows: basic raw materials and deep-sea fish oligopeptides are evenly mixed, water is added to the mixture until the water content is 45%, and after fermentation at 30° C. for 12 hours, a complex enzyme preparation and a probiotic preparation are added, the mixture is stirred and evenly mixed, the mixture is put into a granulator for granulation, and then dried to a water content of 8% to obtain the special biological feed.

[0027] Comparative Example 1 The only difference from Example 1 is that no composite microbial agent is added in step S1.

[0028] Comparative Example 2 The only difference from Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent in step S1 is only Pseudomonas.

[0029] Comparative Example 3 The only difference from Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent in step S1 is only Bacillus subtilis.

[0030] Comparative Example 4 The only difference from Example 1 is that no deep-sea fish oligopeptide is added to the special biological feed in step S3.

[0031] Aquaculture was carried out using the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. The aquaculture pond area was 5 mu (approximately 1,000 hectares), and each method was repeated three times. After 30 days of aquaculture, tetracycline levels in the water and in the aquatic animals were measured. Animal weights and morbidity were also calculated (50 aquatic animals were randomly selected from each aquaculture pond). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0032] Table 1 Aquaculture effects of different aquaculture methods

[0033] As shown in Table 1, Example 1, by adding a composite microbial agent to the aquaculture water, combined with the ecological effects of aquatic plants and filter-feeding animals, can quickly and effectively decompose antibiotic residues in the water. At the same time, the small peptides, fermentation products, composite enzyme preparations, and probiotic preparations in the specialized biological feed work synergistically to promote the decomposition and metabolism of antibiotics in the intestines of aquatic animals, reducing antibiotic residues in the body. Furthermore, the improved aquaculture environment and nutritionally balanced biological feed that helps decompose antibiotics can promote the growth and development of aquatic animals, enhance their immunity, and reduce morbidity.

[0034] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for aquaculture with rapid decomposition of antibiotics, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Aquaculture water pretreatment Add compound microbial agents to the aquaculture water, adjust the dissolved oxygen content and pH of the water, and test the dissolved oxygen content and pH of the water every 3 days during the aquaculture process and adjust them accordingly; S2. Ecological farming combination Aquatic plants and filter-feeding fish are rationally combined in the aquaculture pond; wherein the aquatic plant planting area accounts for 10-20% of the total area of the aquaculture pond; the filter-feeding fish are stocked at a density of 50-80 per mu; S3. Special biological feed feeding Feed three times a day: 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.; the feeding amount is 2-3% of the total body weight of the fish in the breeding pond.

2. The aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2; wherein the effective viable counts of Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis are 3.5×10 9 cfu / g and 4.2×10 9 cfu / g.

3. The aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of the composite microbial agent added is 500-800 g / m 3 .

4. The aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is 5-8 mg / L. When the dissolved oxygen content is lower than 5 mg / L, the oxygenation equipment is turned on to maintain the dissolved oxygen content of the water body; the pH value of the water body is 7.5-8.

5. When the pH value of the water body is lower than 7.5, limestone is added to adjust the pH value of the water body.

5. The aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the aquatic plants include water hyacinth and duckweed; the filter-feeding fish include silver carp and bighead carp, and the tail number ratio of the silver carp to the bighead carp is 1:0.

6.

6. The aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the special biological feed is composed of the basic raw materials, 0.7% of the total weight of the basic raw materials by complex enzyme preparation, 1.5% of the total weight of the basic raw materials by probiotic preparation and 0.1% of the total weight of the basic raw materials by deep-sea fish oligopeptide; The basic raw material is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of corn flour and 10-15 parts of rice bran; The composite enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing cellulase, protease and amylase in equal mass ratios; The probiotics are prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus in equal mass ratios.

7. The aquaculture method with rapid decomposition of antibiotics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the special biological feed is as follows: basic raw materials and deep-sea fish oligopeptides are evenly mixed, water is added to the mixture until the water content is 45%, and after fermentation at 30° C. for 12 hours, a complex enzyme preparation and a probiotic preparation are added, the mixture is stirred and evenly mixed, the mixture is put into a granulator for granulation, and then dried to a water content of 8% to obtain the special biological feed.

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