Vehicle liquid drop removing system, vehicle liquid drop removing method and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle liquid drop removing system, a vehicle liquid drop removing method and a vehicle, and belongs to the field of automobiles. The vehicle droplet removing system comprises at least one surface acoustic wave generator which is arranged at a to-be-removed droplet part of a vehicle, and the surface acoustic wave generator is used for generating surface acoustic waves in a single propagation direction so as to drive droplets on the surface of the to-be-removed droplet part to move towards the propagation direction of the surface acoustic waves. The cleaning efficiency and the cleaning effect of the liquid drops on the surface of the to-be-removed liquid drop component can be improved, and then the cleaning efficiency and the cleaning effect of the to-be-removed liquid drop component are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the automotive field, and in particular to a vehicle droplet removal system, a vehicle droplet removal method, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] When driving in the rain, if raindrops on the windshield are not promptly cleared, the driver's visibility can be affected. Conventional technology uses windshield wipers on cars to scrape away raindrops adhering to the windshield. However, this method has low droplet removal efficiency and poor cleaning effect, resulting in low windshield cleaning efficiency and poor cleaning effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a vehicle droplet removal system, a vehicle droplet removal method, and a vehicle, which can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of removing droplets from the surface of the droplet removal component, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and effectiveness of the droplet removal component.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a vehicle droplet removal system, comprising:

[0005] At least one surface acoustic wave generator is provided at a liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle, and is used to generate surface acoustic waves in a single propagation direction to drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave.

[0006] According to the vehicle droplet removal system of the present application, a surface acoustic wave generator is set at the droplet removal component to be removed, so that the surface acoustic wave generator generates surface acoustic waves with a single propagation direction to drive the droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component to be removed to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby achieving the removal of droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component, thereby achieving the cleaning of the droplet removal component. The surface acoustic wave propagates in one direction, so that the acoustic wave energy acts more concentratedly on the droplets, thereby improving the droplet removal efficiency and cleaning effect, and thus improving the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect of the droplet removal component.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present application, the surface acoustic wave generator is provided at an edge of the liquid droplet removal component, and the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by the surface acoustic wave generator is toward the opposite side edge of the liquid droplet removal component.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present application, the surface acoustic waves generated by the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators have different propagation directions.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present application, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device;

[0010] The control device is connected to the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators respectively, and is used to control different surface acoustic wave generators to generate surface acoustic waves according to different driving states of the vehicle.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, the at least one surface acoustic wave generator includes a first surface acoustic wave generator;

[0012] The first surface acoustic wave generator is located on the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by the first surface acoustic wave generator is towards the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device;

[0014] The control device is connected to the first surface acoustic wave generator and is used to control the first surface acoustic wave generator to generate surface acoustic waves when it is determined that the vehicle is in a first driving state, and the first driving state includes that the driving speed of the vehicle is less than a target speed.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, the at least one surface acoustic wave generator includes a second surface acoustic wave generator;

[0016] The second surface acoustic wave generator is located at the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by the second surface acoustic wave generator is toward the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device;

[0018] The control device is connected to the second surface acoustic wave generator and is used to control the second surface acoustic wave generator to generate surface acoustic waves when it is determined that the vehicle is in a second driving state, and the second driving state includes that the driving speed of the vehicle is greater than the target speed.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present application, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device;

[0020] The control device is used to collect the working current of the surface acoustic wave generator and determine the resonant frequency point of the surface acoustic wave generator according to the working current, so as to control the surface acoustic wave generator to operate at the resonant frequency point.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present application, the surface acoustic wave generator includes a unidirectional piezoelectric transducer.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present application, the unidirectional piezoelectric transducer includes a floating electrode type unidirectional piezoelectric transducer.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for removing liquid droplets from a vehicle, the method comprising:

[0024] A surface acoustic wave generator at a liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle is controlled to generate a surface acoustic wave in a single propagation direction, so as to drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move toward the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present application, the control of the surface acoustic wave generator at the liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle to generate a surface acoustic wave with a single propagation direction includes:

[0026] According to different driving states of the vehicle, different surface acoustic wave generators at the liquid droplet removal component are controlled to generate surface acoustic waves, and the surface acoustic waves generated by different surface acoustic wave generators have different propagation directions.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present application, controlling different surface acoustic wave generators at the droplet removal component to generate surface acoustic waves according to different driving states of the vehicle includes:

[0028] When it is determined that the vehicle is in a first driving state, controlling the surface acoustic wave generator on the top of the liquid droplet removal component to generate a surface acoustic wave in a first propagation direction, the first propagation direction being a direction toward the bottom of the liquid droplet removal component, and the first driving state includes a driving speed of the vehicle being less than a target speed;

[0029] When it is determined that the vehicle is in a second driving state, the surface acoustic wave generator at the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component is controlled to generate a surface acoustic wave in a second propagation direction, wherein the second propagation direction is toward the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the second driving state includes that the driving speed of the vehicle is greater than the target speed.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present application provides a vehicle, comprising:

[0031] Parts to be removed from liquid droplets;

[0032] As described in the vehicle liquid droplet removal system of the first aspect, the surface acoustic wave generator in the vehicle liquid droplet removal system is provided at the liquid droplet removal component.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present application, the liquid droplet removal component has a super-hydrophobic surface structure.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present application, the super-hydrophobic surface structure includes periodically distributed first concave structures.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present application, the super-hydrophobic surface structure further includes a second concave structure located within the first concave structure.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present application, the first recessed structure includes a pit structure, and the second recessed structure includes at least one of a pit structure and a hole structure.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present application, the first recessed structure includes a micron structure, and the second recessed structure includes a multi-level nanostructure.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present application, the component to be removed includes a windshield.

[0039] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0040] By arranging a surface acoustic wave generator at the liquid droplet removal component, the surface acoustic wave generator generates a surface acoustic wave with a single propagation direction, so as to drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby achieving the removal of the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, thereby achieving the cleaning of the liquid droplet removal component. The surface acoustic wave propagates in one direction, so that the acoustic wave energy acts more concentratedly on the liquid droplets, thereby improving the removal efficiency and cleaning effect of the liquid droplets, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect of the liquid droplet removal component.

[0041] Furthermore, the liquid droplet removal component has a super-hydrophobic surface structure, which improves the hydrophobicity of the liquid droplet removal component, increases the contact angle between the droplet and the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, reduces the surface tension and friction when the droplet contacts the liquid droplet removal component, improves the driving efficiency of the surface acoustic wave on the droplet, further improves the removal efficiency of the droplet on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, and thus further improves the cleaning effect of the liquid droplet removal component.

[0042] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0044] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the vehicle droplet removal system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface acoustic wave generator in a vehicle droplet removal system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 3 This is one of the schematic diagrams of application scenarios of the vehicle droplet removal system provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of an application scenario of the vehicle droplet removal system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 5 This is the second structural diagram of the vehicle droplet removal system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 1 is a flow chart of a vehicle droplet removal method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 7 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid droplet removal component of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid droplet removal component of a vehicle in the related art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0053] The following describes a vehicle droplet removal system, a vehicle droplet removal method, and a vehicle provided by embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a vehicle droplet removal system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle droplet removal system provided by the embodiment of the present application includes at least one surface acoustic wave generator 1, which is installed at a droplet removal component 2 of the vehicle. The surface acoustic wave generator 1 is used to generate surface acoustic waves with a single propagation direction to drive droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave.

[0056] The "droplet removal component 2" refers to a vehicle surface where droplets accumulate and need to be removed. In some embodiments, the droplet removal component 2 comprises a windshield. The droplet removal component 2 may also include other components, such as rearview mirrors and vehicle windows, without specific limitation.

[0057] The surface acoustic wave (SAW) generated by the SAW generator 1 in this embodiment has a single propagation direction and is used to clean the component to be cleaned using SAW microfluidic drive technology. The component to be cleaned 2 is a non-piezoelectric substrate. The SAW generator 1 drives particles within a certain depth on the surface of the non-piezoelectric substrate to perform elliptical periodic motion, generating SAWs. The SAW propagates along the non-piezoelectric substrate. As it passes through a droplet, some of its energy enters the droplet, generating an acoustic pressure difference on either side of the droplet and causing a density difference in the fluid along the propagation direction. This allows the SAW to drive the droplet in a single propagation direction, removing droplets from the surface of the component to be cleaned.

[0058] Related technologies use windshield wipers on vehicles to remove raindrops adhering to the windshield surface to improve the driver's visibility. However, wipers have disadvantages such as a limited area for clearing raindrops and poor raindrop removal effectiveness. Furthermore, the wipers' back-and-forth movement across the windshield reduces their efficiency in clearing raindrops from the windshield surface and can easily interfere with the driver's field of vision and concentration, impacting driving safety.

[0059] In this embodiment, a surface acoustic wave generator 1 generates surface acoustic waves with a single propagation direction to drive the droplets on the surface of the component 2 to be removed to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby achieving the removal of droplets on the surface of the component to be removed. There is no need to set a wiper to swing back and forth on the component to be removed (such as a windshield), thereby avoiding interfering with the driver's field of vision and attention, and improving driving safety. Moreover, the surface acoustic wave has the advantages of being easy to generate based on the surface acoustic wave generator 1, having almost no attenuation, and being able to propagate over long distances. The surface acoustic wave generator 1 has the advantages of being simple in structure, easy to manufacture, suitable for mass production, and easy to integrate in a chip. The surface acoustic wave generated by the surface acoustic wave generator 1 can quickly drive the droplets with a large driving force, thereby improving the efficiency and effect of removing the droplets, thereby effectively improving the cleaning efficiency and effect of the component to be removed. Moreover, the surface acoustic wave generated by the surface acoustic wave generator 1 in this embodiment propagates in one direction, avoiding energy loss caused by the surface acoustic wave propagating in unnecessary directions, thereby reducing losses, improving energy utilization, and concentrating the acoustic wave energy in a single direction to act more concentratedly on the droplets, further improving the droplet removal efficiency and cleaning effect, thereby further improving the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect of the droplet removal parts.

[0060] In some embodiments, the surface acoustic wave generator 1 is disposed at an edge of the liquid droplet removal component 2 , and the surface acoustic wave generated by the surface acoustic wave generator 1 propagates in a direction toward the opposite side edge of the liquid droplet removal component 2 .

[0061] The surface acoustic wave generator 1 is positioned at the edge of the droplet removal component 2. The surface acoustic waves generated by the surface acoustic wave generator 1 propagate from the side edge where the surface acoustic wave generator 1 is positioned toward the opposite side edge of the droplet removal component 2, thereby driving droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 toward the opposite side edge. This removes droplets between the opposite side edges of the droplet removal component 2, thereby increasing the droplet removal area on the droplet removal component 2, that is, increasing the clean area of the droplet removal component 2, further improving the droplet removal effect, and thus further improving the cleaning effect of the droplet removal component 2. Moreover, the surface acoustic wave generator 1 is positioned at the edge of the droplet removal component 2, preventing the surface acoustic wave generator 1 from interfering with the driver's field of vision, further improving driving safety.

[0062] In some embodiments, the surface acoustic waves generated by the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators 1 have different propagation directions.

[0063] Multiple surface acoustic wave generators 1 are arranged on different side edges of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed. The propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by each surface acoustic wave generator 1 is from the side edge where the surface acoustic wave generator 1 is located toward the opposite side edge of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, so that the propagation directions of the surface acoustic waves generated by the multiple surface acoustic wave generators 1 are different.

[0064] The plurality of surface acoustic wave generators 1 may generate surface acoustic waves at different times. The surface acoustic waves generated by one surface acoustic wave generator 1 drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component 2 to move in one direction, thereby achieving cleaning of the liquid droplet removal component 2.

[0065] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, at least one surface acoustic wave generator 1 includes a first surface acoustic wave generator 1a. The first surface acoustic wave generator 1a is located on the top of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, and the surface acoustic wave generated by the first surface acoustic wave generator 1a propagates toward the bottom of the liquid droplet component 2.

[0066] The first surface acoustic wave generator 1a generates surface acoustic waves in the direction toward the bottom of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, so as to drive the droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed to move toward the bottom of the liquid droplet component 2, so that the droplets from the top to the bottom of the surface of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed are all removed, thereby increasing the droplet removal area, that is, increasing the cleaning area of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, and improving the cleaning effect of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed.

[0067] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the at least one surface acoustic wave generator 1 includes a second surface acoustic wave generator 1b. The second surface acoustic wave generator 1b is located at the bottom of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, and the surface acoustic wave generated by the second surface acoustic wave generator 1b propagates toward the top of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed.

[0068] The second surface acoustic wave generator 1b generates surface acoustic waves in the direction toward the top of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, so as to drive the droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed to move toward the top of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, so that the droplets from the bottom to the top of the surface of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed are all removed, thereby increasing the droplet removal area, that is, increasing the cleaning area of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed, and improving the cleaning effect of the liquid droplet component 2 to be removed.

[0069] In some embodiments, the surface acoustic wave generator 1 includes a unidirectional piezoelectric transducer.

[0070] The unidirectional piezoelectric transducer introduces an asymmetric design, allowing surface acoustic waves to propagate in only one direction. This avoids the energy loss caused by the sound waves propagating in unwanted directions in traditional bidirectional interdigital transducers, thereby reducing losses and improving energy efficiency. Because the sound wave energy is concentrated in a single direction, the unidirectional piezoelectric transducer can more intensively act on the target medium (i.e., droplets), improving the efficiency and effectiveness of droplet removal, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and effectiveness of the droplet removal component, and increasing the sensitivity of the transducer.

[0071] In some embodiments, the unidirectional piezoelectric transducer comprises a floating electrode type unidirectional piezoelectric transducer.

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, the floating electrode-type unidirectional piezoelectric transducer includes a plurality of excitation electrodes, a plurality of first floating electrodes 13, a plurality of second floating electrodes 14, a first busbar 15, and a second busbar 16. The excitation electrodes, the first floating electrodes 13, and the second floating electrodes 14 are alternately arranged along a first direction, with every two first floating electrodes 13 connected. The plurality of excitation electrodes include a plurality of first excitation electrodes 11 and a plurality of second excitation electrodes 12. The first excitation electrodes 11 and the second excitation electrodes 12 are alternately arranged along the first direction. The first busbar 15 and the second busbar 16 are arranged opposite each other along a second direction, with the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction. The first excitation electrode 11 extends along the second direction and is connected to the first busbar 15. The second excitation electrode 12 extends along the second direction and is connected to the second busbar 16.

[0073] The floating electrode unidirectional piezoelectric transducer has a period length of λ, an acoustic aperture (i.e., the length of the overlapping portion of the electrode fingers) of W, an electrode finger width of d, and a spacing of b between the electrode fingers. The first excitation electrode 11, the second excitation electrode 12, the first floating electrode 13, and the second floating electrode 14 are all electrode fingers.

[0074] In a floating-electrode unidirectional piezoelectric transducer, the first floating electrode 13 is a short-circuited electrode, and the second floating electrode 14 is an open-circuited electrode. Because the centers of the two floating electrodes, the short-circuited and open-circuited electrodes, shift with respect to the excitation electrode, causing a deviation between the excitation center and the reflection center, the unidirectional surface acoustic wave driving force of the floating-electrode unidirectional piezoelectric transducer is greatly enhanced, while the driving force on the other side is greatly weakened, thereby achieving unidirectional drive of the droplet.

[0075] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , the droplet removal component 2 (e.g., a windshield) is tilted away from the vertical direction and arranged in the opposite direction of the vehicle's travel. When the droplet 4 is driven by the surface acoustic wave on the droplet removal component 2, the leaky wave generated by the surface acoustic wave contacting the droplet 4 is tilted at a certain angle θ. R Energy is radiated toward the droplet 4, and part of the energy is absorbed by the droplet 4. A limited acoustic pressure difference is generated on both sides of the droplet 4, thereby causing a density difference of the droplet 4 in the propagation direction. When the acoustic pressure difference and the surface acoustic wave amplitude on both sides of the droplet 4 reach a certain equilibrium point, the droplet 4 overcomes external forces such as the friction between solid-liquid-gas, surface tension, and droplet gravity, and moves along the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave. At this time, the propagation speed v1 of the surface acoustic wave on the droplet to be removed component 2 is different from the propagation speed v1 inside the droplet 4. s The relationship between them is:

[0076]

[0077] The surface acoustic wave attenuates because part of its energy is absorbed by the droplet 4, and its attenuation relationship is:

[0078]

[0079] in, represents the decay constant.

[0080] The volume force F of the droplet 4 caused by the surface acoustic wave j Driven by the Navier-Stokes equation, the surface acoustic wave volume force F can be derived j The Navier-Stokes equations are:

[0081]

[0082] Where ρ is the fluid (droplet) density, η is the shear viscosity coefficient, and p is the pressure. is the Laplace operator, v is the acoustic velocity, and i and j = 1, 2, and 3 represent the x, y, and z axes in a three-dimensional coordinate system, respectively. In this three-dimensional coordinate system, the volume force of surface acoustic waves is related to the additional stress generated by the pulse velocity as the sound waves move through the fluid.

[0083] Based on the acoustic flow equation The droplet displacement velocity v can be derived. Where, F s The acoustofluidic force that drives the droplet motion.

[0084] The use of surface acoustic waves can drive the droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 to move quickly in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic waves, effectively improving the droplet removal efficiency, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency of the droplet removal component.

[0085] Compared with commonly used surface acoustic wave transducers, the floating electrode unidirectional piezoelectric transducer in this embodiment has the advantages of high precision, high sensitivity, simple structure, small size, and controllable surface acoustic wave propagation direction, and is easy to integrate and install.

[0086] In some embodiments, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device 3. The control device 3 is connected to the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators 1 respectively, and is used to control different surface acoustic wave generators 1 to generate surface acoustic waves according to different driving states of the vehicle.

[0087] The control device 3 can independently control each surface acoustic wave generator 1. Multiple surface acoustic wave generators 1 are located on different sides of the droplet removal component 2, and the surface acoustic waves generated by each of the multiple surface acoustic wave generators 1 propagate in different directions. The control device 3 can control different surface acoustic wave generators 1 to generate surface acoustic waves in different driving states of the vehicle.

[0088] Multiple vehicle driving states can be pre-set, and corresponding relationships between these states and multiple surface acoustic wave generators can be set. In actual use, the control device 3 determines the corresponding surface acoustic wave generator based on the vehicle driving state, controls the corresponding surface acoustic wave generator to generate surface acoustic waves, and disables other surface acoustic wave generators from generating surface acoustic waves.

[0089] The forces acting on the droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component vary under different vehicle driving conditions. The vehicle's droplet removal component is tilted, and the external force acting on the droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component is composed of a gravitational component and an aerodynamic component. The magnitude of the aerodynamic component varies when the vehicle is in different driving conditions, resulting in different directions of the resultant force acting on the droplets. When the vehicle is in different driving conditions, the control device 3 controls different surface acoustic wave generators to generate surface acoustic waves, based on the direction of the resultant force acting on the droplets, to drive the droplets in the direction of the resultant force, thereby increasing the droplet movement rate and further improving the droplet removal efficiency.

[0090] In some embodiments, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device 3. The control device 3 is connected to the first surface acoustic wave generator 1a and is configured to control the first surface acoustic wave generator 1a to generate surface acoustic waves when it is determined that the vehicle is in a first driving state, where the first driving state includes a vehicle speed being less than a target speed.

[0091] The target speed can be set according to the actual force applied to the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component. The first driving state includes a stationary state or a low-speed driving state.

[0092] When the vehicle is stationary or traveling at low speed, Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the droplet removal component 2 (such as a windshield) is tilted away from the vertical direction and is arranged in the opposite direction of the vehicle's travel direction. The droplets 4 on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 are mainly subjected to three forces, namely, the acoustic flow force F that drives the droplets 4 to move. s , gravity mg and resistance to the droplet 4 sliding down (such as air resistance and adhesion, etc.) F h wait.

[0093] The gravity component on the droplet is greater than the aerodynamic component (including the resistance F that prevents the droplet 4 from sliding down). h ), driving the droplets 4 to slide on the droplet removal component 2 toward the bottom of the droplet removal component 4 is more labor-saving. The control device 3 controls the first surface acoustic wave generator 1a located on the top of the droplet removal component 2 to generate surface acoustic waves to drive the droplets 4 toward the bottom of the droplet removal component 2, thereby improving the droplet removal efficiency and thus improving the cleaning efficiency of the droplet removal component.

[0094] In some embodiments, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device 3. The control device 3 is connected to the second surface acoustic wave generator 1b and is configured to control the second surface acoustic wave generator 1b to generate surface acoustic waves when it is determined that the vehicle is in a second driving state, where the second driving state includes the vehicle's driving speed being greater than a target speed.

[0095] Wherein, the second driving state includes a high-speed driving state. When the vehicle is in a high-speed driving state, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the droplet removal component 2 (such as a windshield) is tilted away from the vertical direction and is arranged in the opposite direction of the vehicle's travel direction. The droplets 4 on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 are mainly subjected to four forces, namely, the acoustic flow force F that drives the droplets 4 to move s , gravity mg, resistance to the droplet 4 sliding down (such as air resistance and adhesion, etc.) F h and the thrust F of the air flow k .

[0096] The aerodynamic components (including the thrust F of the air flow) that the droplet 4 is subjected to k) is the dominant external force, and driving the droplets 4 to slide on the droplet removal component 2 toward the top of the droplet removal component 4 is more energy-saving. The control device 3 controls the second surface acoustic wave generator 1b located at the bottom of the droplet removal component 2 to generate surface acoustic waves to drive the droplets 4 toward the top of the droplet removal component 2, thereby improving the droplet removal efficiency and thus improving the cleaning efficiency of the droplet removal component.

[0097] In some embodiments, the vehicle droplet removal system further includes a control device 3. The control device 3 is used to collect the operating current of the surface acoustic wave generator 1 and determine the resonant frequency point of the surface acoustic wave generator 1 according to the operating current to control the surface acoustic wave generator to operate at the resonant frequency point.

[0098] Over time and with environmental changes, the resonant frequency of the SAW generator 1 may shift. A reasonable sweep width is set, centered around the most recently determined resonant frequency of the SAW generator 1, to determine the sweep interval. This ensures that the sweep interval covers the shifted resonant frequency.

[0099] Control device 3 collects the operating current of SAW generator 1 in real time and, based on the collected operating current, tracks the current resonant frequency, thereby redetermining the resonant frequency of SAW generator 1 within the frequency sweep range. At this point, the resonant frequency of SAW generator 1 may shift. Control device 3 controls SAW generator 1 to operate at the redetermined resonant frequency, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of SAW generator 1.

[0100] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the control device 3 may include a current sensor 31 , a controller 32 , a PWM generator 33 , a drive circuit 34 , an inverter circuit 35 , a matching circuit 36 and a DC voltage 37 .

[0101] The current sensor 31 is connected to the SAW generator 1 and the controller 32 respectively, and is used to collect the working current of the SAW generator 1 and convert the working current into a digital signal to transmit to the controller 32. The current sensor 31 can be an ADC current signal collector.

[0102] The controller 32 is connected to the PWM generator 33 and is used to determine the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave generator 1 according to the digital signal. The controller 32 can be an MCU.

[0103] The PWM generator 33 is connected to the driving circuit 34 and is used to output a resonant frequency PWM signal according to the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave generator 1 .

[0104] The drive circuit 34 is connected to the inverter circuit 35 and is used to convert the resonant frequency PWM signal into a drive signal.

[0105] The inverter circuit 35 is connected to the matching circuit 36 and is used to invert and power-regulate the driving signal.

[0106] The matching circuit 36 is connected to the surface acoustic wave generator 1 and is used to perform impedance matching and tuning matching between the signal output by the inverter circuit 35 and the surface acoustic wave generator 1 so that the surface acoustic wave generator 1 generates surface acoustic waves.

[0107] The DC voltage 37 is connected to the controller 32 and the drive circuit 34 respectively, and is used to provide a DC voltage to the controller 32 and the drive circuit 34 .

[0108] According to the vehicle droplet removal system provided by the embodiment of the present application, a surface acoustic wave generator 1 is provided at the droplet removal component 2, so that the surface acoustic wave generator 1 generates surface acoustic waves with a single propagation direction, thereby driving the droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby removing the droplets from the surface of the droplet removal component 2, thereby cleaning the droplet removal component 2. The surface acoustic wave propagates in one direction, so that the acoustic wave energy acts more concentratedly on the droplets, improving the droplet removal efficiency and cleaning effect, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect of the droplet removal component. Moreover, when the vehicle is in different driving states, different surface acoustic wave generators 1 are controlled to generate surface acoustic waves to drive the droplets to move in the direction of the resultant force they are subjected to, further improving the droplet removal efficiency, thereby further improving the cleaning efficiency of the droplet removal component.

[0109] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle droplet removal method, which can be applied to the vehicle droplet removal system in the above embodiment.

[0110] like Figure 6 As shown, the vehicle droplet removal method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes step 110.

[0111] Step 110 : Control a surface acoustic wave generator at a liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle to generate a surface acoustic wave in a single propagation direction to drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move toward the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave.

[0112] This embodiment uses a surface acoustic wave generator to generate surface acoustic waves in a single propagation direction to drive droplets on the surface of the component to be removed toward the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby removing droplets from the surface of the component to be removed and thus cleaning the component to be removed. The surface acoustic waves generated by the surface acoustic wave generator propagate in a single direction, avoiding energy loss caused by surface acoustic waves propagating in unnecessary directions, thereby reducing losses and improving energy utilization. The acoustic wave energy is concentrated in a single direction, thereby more concentratedly affecting the droplets, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of droplet removal, and thus improving the efficiency and effectiveness of cleaning the component to be removed.

[0113] In some embodiments, controlling a surface acoustic wave generator at a liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle in step 110 to generate a surface acoustic wave in a single propagation direction includes:

[0114] According to different driving states of the vehicle, different surface acoustic wave generators at the liquid droplet removal component are controlled to generate surface acoustic waves, and the surface acoustic waves generated by different surface acoustic wave generators have different propagation directions.

[0115] A plurality of surface acoustic wave generators are provided at the liquid droplet removal component. The plurality of surface acoustic wave generators can be located at different side edges of the liquid droplet removal component. The propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by each surface acoustic wave generator 1 is from the side edge where the surface acoustic wave generator 1 is located toward the opposite side edge of the liquid droplet removal component 2, so that the propagation directions of the surface acoustic waves generated by the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators 1 are different.

[0116] The forces acting on the droplets on the surface of the components to be cleaned vary depending on the vehicle's driving state. Depending on the direction of the net force acting on the droplets, different surface acoustic wave generators are controlled to generate surface acoustic waves, driving the droplets in the direction of the net force, thereby increasing the droplet's movement speed and further improving cleaning efficiency.

[0117] In some embodiments, according to different driving states of the vehicle, controlling different surface acoustic wave generators at the droplet removal component to generate surface acoustic waves includes:

[0118] When it is determined that the vehicle is in a first driving state, controlling a surface acoustic wave generator on a top portion of the liquid droplet removal component to generate a surface acoustic wave in a first propagation direction, the first propagation direction being a direction toward a bottom portion of the liquid droplet removal component, wherein the first driving state includes a driving speed of the vehicle being less than a target speed;

[0119] When it is determined that the vehicle is in a second driving state, the surface acoustic wave generator at the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component is controlled to generate a surface acoustic wave in a second propagation direction, and the second propagation direction is toward the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component. The second driving state includes that the vehicle's driving speed is greater than the target speed.

[0120] The first driving state includes a stationary state or a low-speed driving state. The second driving state includes a high-speed driving state. The surface acoustic wave generators provided at the droplet removal component include a surface acoustic wave generator provided at the top of the droplet removal component (i.e., a first surface acoustic wave generator) and a surface acoustic wave generator provided at the bottom of the droplet removal component (i.e., a second surface acoustic wave generator).

[0121] The droplet removal element 2 (e.g., a windshield) is tilted away from the vertical and in the direction opposite to the vehicle's travel. When the vehicle is stationary or traveling at low speed, the gravitational force acting on the droplets is greater than the aerodynamic force, making it easier to drive the droplets toward the bottom of the droplet removal element. Therefore, a surface acoustic wave generator located at the bottom of the droplet removal element is controlled to generate surface acoustic waves to drive the droplets toward the bottom of the droplet removal element, thereby improving droplet removal efficiency.

[0122] When the vehicle is in a high-speed driving state, the aerodynamic component of the external force acting on the droplets accounts for the main position. It is more labor-saving to drive the droplets to slide on the droplet-to-be-removed component toward the top of the droplet-to-be-removed component. Therefore, the surface acoustic wave generator located at the bottom of the droplet-to-be-removed component is controlled to generate surface acoustic waves to drive the droplets to move toward the top of the droplet-to-be-removed component, thereby improving the droplet removal efficiency.

[0123] According to the vehicle droplet removal method provided in the embodiment of the present application, a surface acoustic wave generator is set at the droplet removal component, and the surface acoustic wave generator is controlled to generate surface acoustic waves with a single propagation direction to drive the droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component to be removed to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby achieving the removal of droplets on the surface of the droplet removal component, thereby achieving the cleaning of the droplet removal component. The surface acoustic wave propagates in one direction, so that the acoustic wave energy acts more concentratedly on the droplets, thereby improving the droplet removal efficiency and cleaning effect, and thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect of the droplet removal component.

[0124] Accordingly, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, comprising a droplet removal component and a vehicle droplet removal system. The vehicle droplet removal system is the vehicle droplet removal system of the above embodiment and will not be described in detail here. The surface acoustic wave generator in the vehicle droplet removal system is disposed at the droplet removal component.

[0125] In some embodiments, the component to be removed includes a windshield. The component to be removed may also include other components, such as a rearview mirror, a car window, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0126] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 As shown, the liquid droplet removal component 2 has a super-hydrophobic surface structure 21 , that is, the outer surface of the liquid droplet removal component 2 is a super-hydrophobic surface.

[0127] like Figure 8 As shown, the outer surface of the droplet removal component 2' in the related art is a smooth surface. The contact angle of the droplet 4' on the smooth surface is determined by the surface tension at the interface of solid, liquid and gas. The relationship between the static contact angle of the droplet 4' on the smooth surface and the surface tension satisfies:

[0128] cosθ=(α-β) / γ.

[0129] Where α, β, and γ represent the surface tensions at the solid-gas, solid-liquid, and liquid-gas interfaces, respectively, and θ is the contact angle of the droplet 4' when the solid, liquid, and gas forces are in equilibrium. When θ is less than 90°, this indicates that the outer surface (smooth surface) of the droplet removal component 2' in the related art is hydrophilic.

[0130] Most surfaces in nature have a certain degree of roughness, which increases the contact area between liquids and solids. When a liquid infiltrates a rough surface, it cannot fully contact the solid, resulting in a layer of air between the solid and liquid phases. This significantly reduces the contact area, increases the actual contact angle, and reduces the surface adhesion of the liquid.

[0131] like Figure 7 As shown, the liquid droplet removal component 2 in this embodiment has a super hydrophobic surface structure 21. The solid-liquid contact ratio of the immersion is introduced by the Cassie model. After correction, the contact angle θ of the droplet 4 on the super-hydrophobic surface structure 21 b The following relationship is satisfied:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, cosθ b >90°, indicating that the super-hydrophobic surface structure 21 of the liquid droplet removal component 2 has a hydrophobic property.

[0134] Adhesion force F of the droplet on the surface of the part to be removed h The relationship between the liquid-gas surface tension γ of the droplet and the contact angle θ of the droplet is:

[0135] F h =γ(1+cosθ)2πRsinθ.

[0136] Where 2πRsinθ is the unit length of the contact line.

[0137] In this embodiment, the droplet removal component 2 has a super-hydrophobic surface structure 21. This hydrophobic treatment increases the contact angle between the droplets 4 and the surface of the component 2, thereby reducing the adhesion of the droplets 4 to the surface of the component 2. This effectively increases the efficiency of surface acoustic wave driving the droplets, further improving the droplet removal efficiency and thus further enhancing the cleaning efficiency of the component 2. Furthermore, the movement of the droplets 4 on the super-hydrophobic surface structure 21 can adhere to and remove dust, further enhancing the cleaning effect of the component 2.

[0138] In some embodiments, the super-hydrophobic surface structure 21 includes periodically distributed first concave structures.

[0139] A single-pulse femtosecond laser is used to ablate periodically distributed first recessed structures on the surface of a droplet removal component 2 (e.g., silicate glass). The first recessed structures are spaced apart. When the droplet removal component 2 is a light-transmitting component (e.g., a windshield), the spacing of the first recessed structures ensures full contact between the droplets and the first recessed structures on the surface of the droplet removal component 2 while leaving a certain area of unprocessed area (the unprocessed area is a smooth surface) on the surface of the droplet removal component 2. This makes the droplet removal component 2 superhydrophobic and highly transparent, and prevents surface cracking caused by laser pulse accumulation. The droplet removal component 2 in this embodiment has a transmittance of up to 92% in the visible and infrared ranges, while the required visible light transmittance for a vehicle's front windshield is 70% or greater.

[0140] In some embodiments, the super-hydrophobic surface structure 21 further includes a second concave structure located within the first concave structure.

[0141] The first recessed structure is the foundation of the super-hydrophobic surface structure 21. Single-pulse lasers of varying energies are used to ablate a richer structure (i.e., the second recessed structure) within the first recessed structure, thereby increasing the surface roughness of the liquid droplet removal component 2 to enhance the super-hydrophobic properties while reducing scattering and reflection from the surface of the liquid droplet removal component 2.

[0142] In some embodiments, the first recessed structure includes a pit structure, and the second recessed structure includes at least one of a pit structure and a hole structure.

[0143] The shapes of the first and second recessed structures are not specifically limited. The first recessed structure may include a pit structure, and the second recessed structure may include at least one of a pit structure and a hole structure. The hole structure may be formed by further ablating the pit structure. The pit structure can reduce the scattering effect on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, while the hole structure can reduce the reflection of incident light from the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, thereby achieving a broad-spectrum anti-reflection function.

[0144] In some embodiments, the first recessed structure comprises a microstructure, and the second recessed structure comprises a multi-level nanostructure.

[0145] The first recessed structure can be formed by ablation using a relatively high-energy single-pulse femtosecond laser. The first recessed structure is relatively large, with a micron-sized structure. The second recessed structure can be formed by ablation using a gradient multi-pulse laser (e.g., laser energy gradually decreases). The second recessed structure has multiple nanometer-sized levels.

[0146] The size of the second recessed structure in the first recessed structure in this embodiment can be different, further improving the hydrophobicity of the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, increasing the contact angle between the liquid droplet and the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, reducing the surface tension and friction when the liquid droplet contacts the liquid droplet removal component, improving the driving efficiency of the surface acoustic wave on the droplet, further improving the droplet removal efficiency, and thus further improving the cleaning efficiency of the liquid droplet removal component.

[0147] In addition, related technologies extend the life of windshields by coating them. This embodiment uses a multi-pulse laser with a gradient energy to form a super-hydrophobic surface structure on the droplet removal component, making the super-hydrophobicity more stable and durable, and extending the service life.

[0148] In summary, according to the vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application, a surface acoustic wave generator can be set at the liquid droplet removal component, so that the surface acoustic wave generator generates a surface acoustic wave with a single propagation direction to drive the droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, thereby achieving the removal of droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component, thereby achieving the cleaning of the liquid droplet removal component. The surface acoustic wave propagates in one direction, so that the sound wave energy acts more concentratedly on the droplets, thereby improving the droplet removal efficiency and cleaning effect, and thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect of the liquid droplet removal component.

[0149] Furthermore, a multi-pulse laser with a gradient energy gradient is used to form a periodically distributed microstructure on the component to be removed, inducing a richer multi-level nanostructure within the microstructure. This increases the static contact angle of the droplet on the surface of the component to be removed, ensuring the super-hydrophobicity of the surface while also ensuring high light transmittance when the component is a windshield. This combination of high light transmittance and super-hydrophobicity can be applied to applications requiring anti-fouling, self-cleaning, and high light transmittance. Furthermore, droplets moving on the super-hydrophobic surface structure can adhere to and carry away dust, further improving the cleaning effect of the component to be removed.

[0150] In addition, this embodiment can enhance the stability and durability of super-hydrophobicity. For the droplet-removing parts, the pursuit of a strong mechanical force and structural strength of the surface structure is the main means to achieve stable and lasting super-hydrophobic performance. Stability refers to the stability of the wetting state of the droplet on the super-hydrophobic surface, that is, the wetting state of the droplet can maintain a stable Cassie state under the influence of external factors such as pressure, long-term placement, underwater immersion, high-temperature heating, etc., and the surface contact angle will not be reduced to the critical contact angle and thus converted into a high-adhesion Wenzel state. Durability refers to the durable strength of the surface structure, including impact resistance, wear resistance, peeling resistance and other properties. The super-hydrophobic surface structure prepared by the energy gradient multi-pulse laser femtosecond strategy in this embodiment can still maintain good super-hydrophobic performance under the influence of various external environmental factors.

[0151] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like generally distinguish objects of a class and do not limit the number of objects. For example, the first object may be one or more.

[0152] In the description of this application, “plurality” means two or more.

[0153] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0154] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vehicle droplet removal system, characterized in that: include: At least one surface acoustic wave generator is provided at a liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle, and is used to generate surface acoustic waves in a single propagation direction to drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave.

2. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface acoustic wave generator is arranged at the edge of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by the surface acoustic wave generator is towards the opposite side edge of the liquid droplet to be removed component.

3. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface acoustic waves generated by the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators have different propagation directions.

4. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vehicle droplet removal system also includes a control device; The control device is connected to the plurality of surface acoustic wave generators respectively, and is used to control different surface acoustic wave generators to generate surface acoustic waves according to different driving states of the vehicle.

5. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least one surface acoustic wave generator includes a first surface acoustic wave generator; The first surface acoustic wave generator is located on the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by the first surface acoustic wave generator is towards the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component.

6. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vehicle droplet removal system also includes a control device; The control device is connected to the first surface acoustic wave generator and is used to control the first surface acoustic wave generator to generate surface acoustic waves when it is determined that the vehicle is in a first driving state, and the first driving state includes that the driving speed of the vehicle is less than a target speed.

7. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least one surface acoustic wave generator includes a second surface acoustic wave generator; The second surface acoustic wave generator is located at the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave generated by the second surface acoustic wave generator is toward the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component.

8. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vehicle droplet removal system also includes a control device; The control device is connected to the second surface acoustic wave generator and is used to control the second surface acoustic wave generator to generate surface acoustic waves when it is determined that the vehicle is in a second driving state, and the second driving state includes that the driving speed of the vehicle is greater than the target speed.

9. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle droplet removal system also includes a control device; The control device is used to collect the working current of the surface acoustic wave generator and determine the resonant frequency point of the surface acoustic wave generator according to the working current, so as to control the surface acoustic wave generator to operate at the resonant frequency point.

10. The vehicle droplet removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The surface acoustic wave generator includes a unidirectional piezoelectric transducer.

11. The vehicle droplet removal system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The unidirectional piezoelectric transducer includes a floating electrode type unidirectional piezoelectric transducer.

12. A method for removing liquid droplets from a vehicle, characterized in that: The method comprises: A surface acoustic wave generator at a liquid droplet removal component of the vehicle is controlled to generate a surface acoustic wave in a single propagation direction, so as to drive the liquid droplets on the surface of the liquid droplet removal component to move toward the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave.

13. The vehicle droplet removal method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The surface acoustic wave generator at the liquid droplet removal component of the control vehicle generates a surface acoustic wave with a single propagation direction, comprising: According to different driving states of the vehicle, different surface acoustic wave generators at the liquid droplet removal component are controlled to generate surface acoustic waves, and the surface acoustic waves generated by different surface acoustic wave generators have different propagation directions.

14. The vehicle droplet removal method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The method of controlling different surface acoustic wave generators at the liquid droplet removal components to generate surface acoustic waves according to different driving states of the vehicle includes: When it is determined that the vehicle is in a first driving state, controlling the surface acoustic wave generator on the top of the liquid droplet removal component to generate a surface acoustic wave in a first propagation direction, the first propagation direction being a direction toward the bottom of the liquid droplet removal component, and the first driving state includes a driving speed of the vehicle being less than a target speed; When it is determined that the vehicle is in a second driving state, the surface acoustic wave generator at the bottom of the liquid droplet to be removed component is controlled to generate a surface acoustic wave in a second propagation direction, wherein the second propagation direction is toward the top of the liquid droplet to be removed component, and the second driving state includes that the driving speed of the vehicle is greater than the target speed.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: Parts to be removed from liquid droplets; The vehicle droplet removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the surface acoustic wave generator in the vehicle droplet removal system is provided at the droplet removal component.

16. The vehicle according to claim 15, characterized in that The liquid droplet removal component has a super-hydrophobic surface structure.

17. The vehicle according to claim 16, characterized in that The super-hydrophobic surface structure includes periodically distributed first concave structures.

18. The vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that The super-hydrophobic surface structure further includes a second concave structure located within the first concave structure.

19. The vehicle according to claim 18, characterized in that The first concave structure includes a pit structure, and the second concave structure includes at least one of a pit structure and a hole structure.

20. The vehicle according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that The first recessed structure includes a micron structure, and the second recessed structure includes a multi-level nanostructure.

21. The vehicle according to claim 15, wherein: The part to be removed includes a windshield.

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