Comprehensive plant protection method for perennial root sugarcanes

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive plant protection method for perennial root sugarcanes, and relates to the technical field of comprehensive plant protection for perennial root sugarcanes, and the method comprises the following steps: measuring the soil surface compactness of a planting area and the humidity of soil 4-6cm below the earth surface; on the basis of the soil surface compactness and the humidity, the stumping depth of each area is calculated through a cutting model, and sugarcane ratoon management and protection equipment is used for executing integrated operation on the basis of the stumping depth of each area; the integrated operation comprises stump loosening, ridge breaking, stumping, fertilizing, biological film agent spraying, mulching film covering and dripping pipe pulling, and the biological film agent comprises a mixed solution of bacillus subtilis, polyglutamic acid and chitosan. According to the method, a dynamic intelligent cutting depth regulation and control model based on soil humidity and compactness is established, the sugarcane cutting depth can be accurately adjusted in real time, underground bud damage is effectively avoided, and the germination rate of perennial root sugarcanes is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of integrated plant protection for perennial sugarcane, in particular to an integrated plant protection method for perennial sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] Perennial sugarcane can effectively reduce production costs and improve economic benefits, but due to the influence of existing planting habits, harvesting methods, land conditions, and on-site management of harvesting operations, perennial sugarcane is often harvested unevenly and the stubble is left too high. This makes the stubble prone to diseases that damage the perennial roots, or the high buds germinate into weak seedlings, resulting in a lower germination rate of perennial sugarcane and a significant decrease in yield. Therefore, how to accurately and dynamically control the stubble depth during the management of perennial sugarcane and protect the stubble to ensure the efficient germination of underground buds of perennial sugarcane and the growth of strong sugarcane seedlings has become an urgent problem to be solved in perennial sugarcane production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane, comprising: measuring the surface compactness of the soil in the planting area and measuring the moisture of the soil 4 to 6 cm below the surface; based on the surface compactness of the soil and the moisture, calculating the stubble depth of each area through a cutting model; based on the stubble depth of each area, using sugarcane perennial root protection equipment to perform an integrated operation; the integrated operation includes loosening the roots, breaking the ridges, stubble formation, fertilizing, spraying a biofilm agent, covering the ground with film, and pulling drip tubes, the biofilm agent including a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, polyglutamic acid, and chitosan; 30 to 35 days after spraying the biofilm agent, using a drone to scan the perennial sugarcane field with multispectral scanning, locating the area to be replanted according to the missing plant index, and carrying out replanting.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane of the present invention, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis liquid, the chitosan aqueous solution and the polyglutamic acid is 7.5-8.5:1-2:0.2-1.5.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the ratoon sugarcane integrated plant protection method of the present invention, the cutting model is represented as follows: Where, Indicates the cutting depth, Indicates soil moisture, It represents the hardness of the soil surface, K represents the environmental compensation factor, and X represents the basic cutting depth.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane of the present invention, when the soil moisture is less than 50% or the soil surface hardness is greater than 170 kPa, K is 0.3; when the soil moisture is greater than 60% or the soil surface hardness is less than 130 kPa, K is -0.2; in other cases, K is 0.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane of the present invention, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis liquid, the chitosan aqueous solution and the polyglutamic acid is 8:1.5:0.5.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane of the present invention, the missing plant index refers to the ratio of the length of the continuous area without effective seedling emergence in a single sugarcane row to the total length of the row spacing. When the missing plant index is greater than 0.3, replanting is required.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane of the present invention, when fertilizing the sugarcane, the fertilizer ratio is a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, high phosphorus and medium potassium.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane of the present invention, the base cutting depth is 4 to 6 cm underground.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane of the present invention, the base cutting depth is 5 cm underground.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a dynamic intelligent cutting depth control model based on soil moisture and compaction is established, which can accurately adjust the cutting depth of sugarcane stubble in real time, effectively remove high buds, avoid damage to underground buds, and significantly improve the germination rate of perennial sugarcane; at the same time, through the biofilm agent, it can inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium, further improving the germination success rate of sugarcane buds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the replanting process of the comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane in Example 1.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of calculating the stubble depth of each area using a cutting model in the integrated plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0021] Example 1, with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a ratoon sugarcane integrated plant protection method, comprising the following steps: The soil surface compactness of the planting area and the soil moisture at 0 to 10 cm below the surface are measured, and based on the soil surface compactness and the moisture, the cutting depth of each area is calculated through a cutting model.

[0022] Use sugarcane perennial root management equipment to perform integrated operations. It should be noted that sugarcane harvesting is generally done manually, so there will be inconsistent lengths of sugarcane perennial root stubble, so it is necessary to use sugarcane perennial root management equipment to perform stubble leveling operations. After harvesting, there will be a lot of sugarcane leaves left in the sugarcane field, which will affect the spraying of biofilm agents. The sugarcane perennial root management equipment can also break up the sugarcane leaves during the integrated operation, which is convenient for the subsequent spraying of biofilm agents. The integrated operation includes loosening stumps, breaking ridges, leveling stubble, fertilizing, spraying biofilm agents, covering ground with film and pulling drip tubes. Spraying biofilm agents is to quickly form a biological protective film on the stubble. In the period after the sugarcane is leveled, the stubble cuts are fresh and open, which is conducive to full contact between the biofilm agent and the stubble, and quickly forming a protective film. At this time, soil-borne pathogens have not yet invaded or reproduced. After spraying, the growth of pathogens can be quickly inhibited to avoid the occurrence of subsequent diseases. Secondly, the stubble is in an active metabolic state, which helps active ingredients such as Bacillus subtilis, chitosan, and polyglutamic acid to quickly play a role in promoting bud germination and growth. The fertilizer ratio is a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, high phosphorus and medium potassium.

[0023] The biofilm agent comprises a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, polyglutamic acid, and chitosan. Bacillus subtilis significantly inhibits Fusarium and root rot pathogens; chitosan improves shoot immunity; and polyglutamic acid promotes soil moisture retention around the roots, effectively increasing the germination rate of sugarcane shoots. The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis solution, chitosan aqueous solution, and polyglutamic acid is 7.5-8.5:1-2:0.2-1.5. Preferably, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis solution, chitosan aqueous solution, and polyglutamic acid is 8:1.5:0.5.

[0024] On the 30th to 35th day after spraying the biofilm agent, the perennial sugarcane field was scanned by a multispectral drone, and the area requiring replanting was located according to the missing plant index. Specifically, the perennial sugarcane field was scanned by a multispectral drone camera, and multi-band image data within the 450-900 nm band was acquired in real time. The data resolution reached below 5 cm and was transmitted to the ground in real time. Image processing software was used to identify the length of the continuous area without effective seedling emergence in a single sugarcane row in the sugarcane field through an image analysis algorithm. The missing plant index was calculated based on the total row spacing length of the single sugarcane row. Specifically, Where, I d Indicates the missing plant index, L n It represents the length of the continuous area without effective seedling emergence in a single sugarcane row, L t Indicates the total length of the row spacing of a single sugarcane row.

[0025] When the missing plant index exceeds the set threshold, it is identified as an area that needs to be replanted. In this embodiment, the threshold is set to 0.3. The replanting method is: Manual or mechanical trenching is performed based on the areas with missing plants marked by the drone scan results, with a depth of 15 to 20 cm. The healthy double-bud stems were pre-treated for replanting. The pre-treatment method was to disinfect them with 50℃ hot water and then activate them with Trichoderma for 10 minutes. After that, the healthy double-bud stems were soaked in a biofilm agent for 5-10 minutes. After replanting, cover the soil to a thickness of about 5 cm, compact it slightly, and immediately water it with appropriate amount of water and fertilize the sugarcane.

[0026] Furthermore, the cutting model is expressed as, Where, Indicates the cutting depth, Indicates soil moisture. It should be noted that soil moisture is the average humidity of 4 to 6 cm underground at the same coordinate point. Indicates the soil surface hardness. When the soil moisture is less than 50% or the soil surface hardness is greater than 170 kPa, K is 0.3. When the soil moisture is greater than 60% or the soil surface hardness is less than 130 kPa, K is -0.2. In other cases, K is 0. X represents the foundation cutting depth, which is 4 to 6 cm underground, with an optimal value of 5 cm underground.

[0027] Example 2 This embodiment provides a comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane. The optimal base cutting depth is determined by adjusting the base cutting depth. When the soil moisture is 50% and the soil surface hardness is 150 kPa, the cutting depth is equal to the base cutting depth. The adjusted data are shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1 Data of different cutting depths It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that when the soil moisture is 50%, the soil surface hardness is 150kPa, and the cutting depth is 5, the germination rate and the root health index both reach the highest point or are close to the highest point, that is, when the basic cutting depth is 5cm, the effect is best.

[0029] Example 3 To verify the advantages of using a cutting model to calculate the stubble depth in different soil conditions, a fixed cutting depth (5 cm) was used as the control group, and the stubble depth calculated using the cutting model was used as the experimental group. The experiment simulated 15 different soil conditions, with the following steps: Using soil moisture and surface hardness as variables, 15 different combinations were randomly generated. The control group used a fixed base cutting depth (5 cm), while the experimental group adjusted the depth according to the following dynamic adjustment model. The experimental data are shown in Table 2.

[0030] Table 2 Comprehensive evaluation test of stubble depth in each area calculated by cutting model The data in Table 2 show that under different soil moisture and hardness conditions, the sugarcane bud germination rate and root health index showed significant advantages after calculating the stubble depth in each region using the cutting model, especially under more extreme soil conditions. Compared with a fixed cutting depth, calculating the stubble depth in each region using the cutting model can better adapt to changes in the soil environment and improve the quality of perennial sugarcane germination and root development.

[0031] Example 4 In order to verify the effects of different biofilm agent ratios on ratoon sugarcane bud germination rate, pathogen inhibition rate and soil moisture retention, the optimal ratio was determined and the treatment groups shown in Table 3 were set.

[0032] Table 3 Effects of different biofilm agent ratios The experimental conditions are as follows, Sugarcane varieties: Guifu 98-296; Soil type: sandy loam (pH 7.5, organic matter 1.8%); Climate conditions: average annual temperature 20°C, average annual rainfall 983 mm (simulating the environment of a sugarcane field in a certain region); Replication design: 3 replicates per group, randomized block arrangement, plot area 30 m².

[0033] The evaluation indicators are: (1) Bud germination rate: Count the number of effective buds on the 15th day after harvest, where germination rate = number of effective buds / total number of buds × 100%, germination rate = total number of buds / number of effective buds × 100%; (2) Pathogen inhibition rate: The colony counts of Fusarium and root rot pathogens (CFU / g) were detected, where inhibition rate = (1 − colony count of treatment group / colony count of control group) × 100%, inhibition rate = (1 − colony count of control group / colony count of treatment group) × 100%; (3) Soil moisture retention rate: Measure the moisture content of the 4-6 cm soil layer on the 7th day after spraying, where retention rate = water content of the treatment group / initial water content × 100%, retention rate = initial water content / water content of the treatment group × 100%; (4) Root development: Fine root density (diameter <0.5 mm) and deep root volume (diameter 1-2 mm) were measured at maturity.

[0034] The experimental data are shown in Table 4.

[0035] Table 4 Experimental data table In Table 4, significant differences refer to those with different letters indicating significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).

[0036] From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that the optimal ratio of Bacillus subtilis:chitosan:polyglutamic acid = 8:1.5:0.5 is the best ratio, which can significantly improve the comprehensive plant protection effect of ratoon sugarcane.

[0037] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane, characterized by: include, Determine the compactness of the soil surface in the planting area and the moisture content of the soil 4 to 6 cm below the surface; Calculating the stubble depth of each area through a cutting model based on the soil surface compaction and the moisture content; Based on the stubble depth of each area, sugarcane ratoon management equipment is used to perform integrated operations; The integrated operation includes loosening roots, breaking ridges, stubble leveling, fertilizing, spraying biofilm agents, covering ground with film, and pulling drip tubes. The biofilm agent includes a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, polyglutamic acid, and chitosan. On the 30th to 35th day after spraying the biofilm agent, the perennial sugarcane field was scanned using a multi-spectral drone, and the areas that needed to be replanted were located based on the missing plant index and replanted.

2. The comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis liquid, the chitosan aqueous solution and the polyglutamic acid is 7.5-8.5:1-2:0.2-1.

5.

3. The comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting model is expressed as, Where, Indicates the cutting depth, Indicates soil moisture, It represents the hardness of the soil surface, K represents the environmental compensation factor, and X represents the basic cutting depth.

4. The comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the soil moisture is less than 50% or the soil surface hardness is greater than 170 kPa, K is 0.3; when the soil moisture is greater than 60% or the soil surface hardness is less than 130 kPa, K is -0.2; in other cases, K is 0.

5. The comprehensive plant protection method for perennial sugarcane according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis liquid, the chitosan aqueous solution and the polyglutamic acid is 8:1.5:0.

5.

6. The comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane according to claim 5, characterized in that: The missing plant index refers to the ratio of the length of the continuous area without effective seedling emergence in a single sugarcane row to the total length of the row spacing. When the missing plant index is greater than 0.3, replanting is required.

7. The comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane according to claim 6, characterized in that: When fertilizing sugarcane, the fertilizer ratio is a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, high phosphorus and medium potassium.

8. The comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane according to claim 3, wherein: The foundation cutting depth is 4 to 6 cm underground.

9. The comprehensive plant protection method for ratoon sugarcane according to claim 4, characterized in that: The foundation cutting depth is 5 cm underground.

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