Tunnel central drainage ditch lossless maintenance structure and cleaning method

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel central drainage ditch nondestructive maintenance structure and a cleaning method. According to the lossless overhauling structure for the tunnel central drainage ditch, a reinforcing structure is arranged at an opening, penetrating through a bottom inverted arch of a tunnel main hole, of a transverse overhauling ditch, so that a maintenance inspection well and a central ditch inspection well can be communicated through the transverse overhauling ditch arranged below a transverse channel and the bottom face of the tunnel main hole; settled sand in the central drainage ditch can be deposited at the bottom of the central ditch inspection well below the bottom surface of the tunnel main hole; the maintenance inspection well is arranged below the bottom surface of the transverse channel on the side surface of the tunnel main hole, so that sand can enter the maintenance inspection well through the transverse channel and then enter the central ditch inspection well through the transverse maintenance ditch to clean settled sand in the central drainage ditch; according to the arrangement, maintenance does not need to be carried out in the tunnel main hole, but maintenance is carried out through the transverse channel, so that the operation space is large, during maintenance, operation tools cannot invade the building limit of the tunnel main hole, driving of a driver cannot be affected, and maintenance is safer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel drainage and operation maintenance, and in particular to a non-destructive inspection and repair structure and a cleaning method for a central drainage ditch in a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's transportation industry, tunnel construction in unusual terrain and complex geological conditions is increasing. Tunnels in limestone areas inevitably need to traverse karst-rich strata. Karst areas often feature surface karst funnels and karst depressions, and karst fissures and karst conduits are widespread within the strata. During the rainy season, karst funnels and karst depressions collect atmospheric precipitation, which then infiltrates through karst fissure conduits. Due to the good connectivity between the depressions and karst fissure conduits, groundwater experiences significant instantaneous infiltration, leading to rapid water level rises during periods of heavy rainfall. This places high demands on the drainage capacity of limestone tunnels during the rainy season. The high calcium content of groundwater in limestone areas easily leads to the formation of calcium crystals within tunnel drainage systems. Furthermore, silt and gravel within karst fissures are also prone to entering tunnel drainage systems with groundwater during the rainy season. Due to the combined effects of chemical and physical deposition, tunnel drainage systems in limestone areas are prone to blockage. Tunnel drainage systems in karst areas are characterized by high sedimentation and transient groundwater flow, making inspection and maintenance of tunnel drainage systems a significant challenge.

[0003] During the rainy season, high-pressure groundwater gushes out of the central drainage ditch of existing expressways due to poor drainage, causing arches and road surface uplift, affecting structural and operational safety and resulting in traffic interruptions.

[0004] Conventional central ditch inspection wells are located beneath the roadway. To ensure a smooth road surface and safe and comfortable driving, the manhole covers are installed below the road surface. Conventional central ditch inspections require closing the roadway and cutting the road surface to access the central ditch inspection well for cleaning and maintenance. This significantly impacts operations and prevents real-time maintenance of the central ditch drainage channel. Drainage issues cannot be promptly identified and addressed, and small hidden dangers can easily develop into major problems, threatening safe tunnel operations. The central ditch in the limestone area contains a large amount of sand. Conventional central ditch cleaning methods make it difficult to lift the sand, resulting in high workload and low efficiency for maintenance personnel, making central ditch cleaning unsuitable.

[0005] Chinese utility model patent publication number CN207109997U discloses a non-destructive inspection structure for tunnel central drains, comprising a central drain; an inspection well located at the corresponding tunnel parking strip; an inspection passage located below the corresponding tunnel pavement; and a manhole cover that seals the manhole opening. The manhole cover is flush with the pavement of the corresponding tunnel parking strip; one end of the inspection passage is connected to the well and the other end is connected to the central drain. This utility model eliminates the need to interrupt the road or damage the pavement during inspection. Furthermore, because the manhole is located below the pavement of the parking strip, which lies between cable trenches on both sides, the vertical distance between the pavement and the invert for the manhole is increased, avoiding the disadvantage of cutting through the lining and affecting the tunnel lining structure. However, this structure requires a parking strip within the tunnel, which is a relatively demanding requirement. Furthermore, during inspection and cleaning work in the narrow parking strip, tools can easily intrude into the building clearance, hindering the driver's driving and posing a safety hazard.

[0006] A Chinese utility model patent, published with the announcement number CN201943177U, discloses a central drainage inspection well in a highway tunnel. The central drainage ditch is desilted by installing an inspection well at the cable trench in the maintenance road, which provides access to the central drainage ditch for sand removal. Tunnel maintenance roads are generally 75 centimeters wide and located at the edge of the roadway. The working space here is narrow, and during maintenance, tools can easily intrude into building limits, affecting the driver's driving and posing a safety hazard. The cable trench is densely populated with fire-fighting pipes, high-voltage cables, and low-voltage cables. Installing an inspection well here interferes with the fire-fighting pipes and electrical cables in the cable trench, making it difficult for maintenance personnel to enter and exit, and reducing the efficiency of sand removal. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, such as the narrow working space, the easy invasion of working tools into the building limit during maintenance, the impact on the driver's driving, and the existence of safety hazards, and to provide a non-destructive maintenance structure and cleaning method for the central drainage ditch of a tunnel.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch, comprising:

[0009] A central ditch inspection well is provided below the bottom surface of the main tunnel, the central ditch inspection well is connected to the central drainage ditch in the main tunnel, and the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well is lower than the bottom surface of the central drainage ditch;

[0010] A maintenance inspection well is provided below the bottom surface of the transverse passage, the transverse passage is connected to the side of the main tunnel, and a removable first inspection well cover is provided on the top of the maintenance inspection well;

[0011] A transverse inspection ditch is located below the bottom surface of the transverse passage and the main tunnel hole, the transverse inspection ditch connects the maintenance inspection well and the central ditch inspection well, the transverse inspection ditch passes through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel hole, and a reinforcement structure is provided at the opening where the transverse inspection ditch passes through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel hole.

[0012] The non-destructive maintenance structure of the central drainage ditch of the tunnel of the present invention provides a reinforcement structure at the opening of the bottom inverted arch of the tunnel main hole through which the transverse maintenance ditch passes, so as to ensure the safety of the transverse maintenance ditch passing through the bottom inverted arch of the tunnel main hole, thereby making it possible to connect the maintenance inspection well and the central ditch inspection well by using the transverse maintenance ditch arranged below the bottom surface of the transverse passage and the tunnel main hole, and the central ditch inspection well arranged below the bottom surface of the tunnel main hole is connected to the central drainage ditch in the tunnel main hole, and the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well is lower than the bottom surface of the central drainage ditch, so that The sand in the central drainage ditch will be deposited at the bottom of the central ditch inspection well; a removable first inspection well cover is provided on the top of the maintenance inspection well, and the maintenance inspection well is arranged below the bottom surface of the horizontal passage on the side of the main tunnel hole, so that the maintenance inspection well can be entered through the horizontal passage, and then the central ditch inspection well can be entered through the horizontal inspection ditch to clean the sand in the central drainage ditch; this arrangement does not require entering the main tunnel hole for maintenance, but entering the maintenance from the horizontal passage, so its working space is large. During maintenance, the operating tools will not invade the construction limit of the main tunnel hole, will not affect the driver's driving, and maintenance is safer.

[0013] Preferably, the reinforcement structure is a circle of hidden beams inside the opening of the bottom inverted arch, which can reinforce the bottom inverted arch of the tunnel main hole inside the opening of the bottom inverted arch to ensure structural safety.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch is connected to the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well, the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch has a slope, and the bottom surface of the end of the transverse inspection ditch connected to the central ditch inspection well is higher than the bottom surface of the end of the transverse inspection ditch connected to the maintenance inspection well;

[0015] The bottom surface of the maintenance inspection well is lower than the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch, and a sand settling tank is provided at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well.

[0016] The above setting enables the sand in the central drainage ditch to flow through the sloped bottom of the horizontal inspection ditch to the sand settling tank at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well, thereby reducing the accumulation of sand in the central drainage ditch, and part of the sand can be cleaned directly in the maintenance inspection well, which makes cleaning less difficult.

[0017] Preferably, the slope of the transverse inspection ditch is 1%-3%. While ensuring that the sand in the central drainage ditch can flow through the sloped bottom of the transverse inspection ditch to the sand settling tank at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well, the slope is reduced to facilitate easier and safer entry of cleaning personnel from the bottom of the transverse inspection ditch into the central ditch inspection well.

[0018] Preferably, a sand hopper is provided in the sand settling tank, the top surface height of the sand hopper is lower than or equal to the bottom surface height of one end of the transverse inspection ditch connected to the maintenance inspection well, and the sand hopper is provided with lifting ears around it;

[0019] A pull ring is provided on the top of the first inspection well cover.

[0020] The sand in the central drainage ditch flows directly into the sand hopper through the bottom of the horizontal inspection ditch, and then the sand hopper is directly lifted out using the lifting lugs of the sand hopper as a lifting part, making sand cleaning more convenient. A pull ring is provided on the top of the first inspection well cover to facilitate the disassembly of the first inspection well cover.

[0021] Preferably, a lifting ring is provided at the top of the transverse passage, and the lifting ring is located directly above the first inspection well cover. A lifting device can be installed on the lifting ring, and the lifting device has a cable.

[0022] The lifting device's sling is connected to the pull ring of the first manhole cover and then lifted to facilitate the removal of the first manhole cover; the sling is connected to the lifting lug of the sand hopper and then lifted to facilitate the removal of the sand hopper. The lifting device is set at the lifting ring at the top of the horizontal passage, which can reduce the floor space occupied by the horizontal passage.

[0023] Preferably, a plurality of first drainage holes are provided on the top of the first inspection well cover plate to increase the drainage channel of the transverse channel.

[0024] Preferably, a plurality of inspection handrails are provided on the inner side walls of the central ditch inspection well and the maintenance inspection well, and the inspection handrails in the central ditch inspection well and the maintenance inspection well are respectively arranged at vertical intervals.

[0025] Preferably, a maintenance trench cover is provided at the top of the transverse maintenance trench, which can strengthen the top of the transverse maintenance trench and is beneficial to the structural safety of the transverse passage and the main tunnel.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for cleaning a tunnel central drain ditch non-destructive maintenance structure, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. Remove the first inspection well cover to ventilate the maintenance inspection well and detect the harmful gas in the maintenance inspection well. When the gas content in the maintenance inspection well reaches the gas safety value, lower the water pump to reduce the water level in the maintenance inspection well to the water level safety value.

[0028] S2. Use the lifting equipment installed on the lifting ring at the top of the horizontal passage to lift the sand hopper installed at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well into the horizontal passage, and empty or replace the sand hopper;

[0029] S3. Lower the emptied or replaced grit hopper to the corresponding position at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well using a lifting device;

[0030] S4. Enter from the maintenance inspection well and check the siltation in the central drainage ditch through the maintenance inspection well, the transverse inspection ditch, and the central ditch inspection well. Clean the remaining sand in the central drainage ditch into the sand hopper. Then, use the lifting equipment to lift the sand hopper into the transverse channel and empty or replace the sand hopper.

[0031] S5. Lower the emptied or replaced grit hopper to the corresponding position at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well using a lifting device;

[0032] S6. Restore the first inspection well cover to the top of the maintenance inspection well.

[0033] The cleaning method of the non-destructive maintenance structure of the central drainage ditch of the tunnel described in the present invention comprises the following steps: removing the first inspection well cover to ventilate the maintenance inspection well, which can make the maintenance inspection well safer; after the gas content in the maintenance inspection well is tested and reaches the gas safety value, drainage is performed, and the drainage operation is safer; first, the sand settling hopper provided at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well is lifted into the horizontal passage by a lifting device, and the sand settling hopper is emptied or replaced, so that the environment at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well is better, which is conducive to cleaning personnel entering the central ditch inspection well to check the siltation situation in the central drainage ditch and clean up the remaining sand in the central drainage ditch; the above cleaning method is safe, convenient and fast, and does not affect driving in the main tunnel.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention provides a non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch. By providing a reinforcement structure at the opening where the transverse inspection ditch passes through the bottom inverted arch of the tunnel main tunnel, the safety of the transverse inspection ditch passing through the bottom inverted arch of the tunnel main tunnel can be ensured. Furthermore, the transverse inspection ditch provided below the bottom surface of the transverse passage and the tunnel main tunnel can be used to connect the maintenance inspection well and the central ditch inspection well. The central ditch inspection well provided below the bottom surface of the tunnel main tunnel is connected to the central drainage ditch in the tunnel main tunnel. The bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well is lower than the bottom surface of the central drainage ditch. The sand in the central drainage ditch will be deposited at the bottom of the central ditch inspection well; a removable first inspection well cover is provided on the top of the maintenance inspection well, and the maintenance inspection well is arranged below the bottom surface of the horizontal passage on the side of the main tunnel hole, so that the maintenance inspection well can be entered through the horizontal passage, and then the central ditch inspection well can be entered through the horizontal inspection ditch to clean the sand in the central drainage ditch; this arrangement does not require entering the main tunnel hole for maintenance, but entering the maintenance from the horizontal passage, so its working space is large. During maintenance, the operating tools will not invade the construction limit of the main tunnel hole, will not affect the driver's driving, and maintenance is safer.

[0036] 2. The present invention provides a method for cleaning the central drainage ditch of a tunnel without destroying the structure, which is safe, convenient and fast, and does not affect driving in the main tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic plan view of a non-destructive repair structure for a central drainage ditch in a tunnel is provided for the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at the middle BB;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at CC;

[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the maintenance inspection well;

[0042] Figure 6 1 is a plan view of the first inspection well cover;

[0043] Figure 7 1 is a side view of the first inspection well cover;

[0044] Figure 8 It is the structural diagram of the sand hopper;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the setting of the lifting rings;

[0046] Figure 10 The figure is a connection diagram of the lifting ring;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the central ditch inspection well;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the transverse maintenance ditch.

[0049] Markings in the figure: 101, tunnel main hole; 102, transverse passage; 1021, transverse passage secondary lining; 1022, transverse passage circumferential reinforcement; 103, central drainage ditch; 1031, drainage ditch cover; 104, carriageway; 105, asphalt surface layer; 106, cement concrete surface layer; 107, cement concrete base layer; 1, central ditch inspection well; 11, second inspection well cover; 2, transverse inspection ditch; 3, maintenance inspection well; 31, first inspection well cover; 311, first drain hole; 312, pull ring; 4, hidden beam; 5, maintenance handrail; 6, chain electric hoist; 7, inspection ditch cover; 8, grit chamber; 9, grit hopper; 91, lifting lug; 92, second drain hole; 10, lifting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments, as all technologies implemented based on the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or positional relationship, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inside", and "outside", are based on the expressions of the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or positional relationship in which the invented product / device / apparatus is placed when it is conventionally used. These terms of orientation or positional relationship are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description of the specific embodiments to facilitate the rapid understanding of the scheme by technicians, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0052] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simply understood that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", and "parallel", and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the solution of the present invention.

[0053] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. in the terms are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0054] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several," "plurality," and "a number" represent at least two. It can also be any number such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or even more than nine.

[0055] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified, defined, or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," "connected," "provided with," "laid," and "arranged" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections. They may be welded, riveted, bolted, threaded, or other commonly used connection methods in the art. Such connections may be mechanical, electrical, or communicative; they may be direct, indirect via an intermediate medium, or internally connected between two components.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a non-destructive inspection structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch includes: a central ditch inspection well 1, a transverse inspection ditch 2 and a maintenance inspection well 3.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the central ditch inspection well 1 is arranged below the bottom surface of the tunnel main hole 101, and the central ditch inspection well 1 is connected to the central drainage ditch 103 in the tunnel main hole 101, and the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well 1 is lower than the bottom surface of the central drainage ditch 103;

[0059] like Figure 3 and Figure 11 As shown, the central ditch inspection well 1 connects the central drainage ditches 103 on the left and right sides, that is, the central ditch inspection well 1 adopts a structural form in which the bottom of the central drainage ditch 103 is deepened and the top is extended upward. In a specific embodiment, the central ditch inspection well 1 adopts a C30 reinforced concrete structure, with a wellhead size of 1.0 m × 1.0 m and a bottom size of 1.2 m × 1.2 m. The overall shape is prismatic at the top and cylindrical at the bottom. The side walls are 20 cm thick and are equipped with a No. 16 steel mesh. The steel bars of the No. 16 steel mesh are spaced 20 cm × 20 cm apart. The total internal depth of the central ditch inspection well 1 is 2.13 meters, which meets the space requirements for maintenance personnel to enter and exit. It is also 1.25 meters deeper than the central drainage ditch, which is convenient for the collection of sediment.

[0060] In this embodiment, a second manhole cover 11 can also be installed at the top of the central ditch inspection well 1. The top of the second manhole cover 11 can be provided with several drainage holes and at least one pull ring. In special circumstances, the pull ring can be used to facilitate the opening of the second manhole cover 11. The drainage holes of the second manhole cover 11 facilitate the flow of water from the main tunnel 101 into the central drainage ditch 103. In a specific embodiment, the second manhole cover 11 is made of C40 reinforced concrete, has dimensions of 1.35 meters by 1.35 meters, a thickness of 20 cm, and is equipped with No. 22 steel bars. Two No. 16 steel bar pull rings are provided at the top of the second manhole cover 11.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the central drain ditch 103 is topped with a drain ditch cover 1031, and above the drain ditch cover 1031 are, in order, a cement concrete base layer 107 and a cement concrete surface layer 106. The top surface of the second manhole cover 11 is flush with the top surface of the cement concrete surface layer 106, and an asphalt surface layer 105 is applied above the cement concrete surface layer 106 and the second manhole cover 11 to ensure the smoothness of the roadway 104. The deepened central ditch manhole 1 is located below the 10-centimeter-thick asphalt surface layer. The top surface of the second manhole cover 11 is flush with the cement concrete surface layer of the roadway. The second manhole cover 11 is covered by the asphalt layer and does not affect driving.

[0062] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the maintenance inspection well 3 is provided below the bottom surface of the transverse passage 102, and the transverse passage 102 is connected to the side of the main tunnel 101. A removable first inspection well cover 31 is provided on the top of the maintenance inspection well 3, that is, the maintenance inspection well 3 can be entered by removing the first inspection well cover 31. In a specific embodiment, the maintenance inspection well is located in the transverse passage and adopts a C30 reinforced concrete structure. The wellhead size of the maintenance inspection well is 1.0 m × 1.0 m, the bottom size is 1.2 m × 1.2 m, the side wall is 20 cm thick, and it is equipped with a No. 16 steel mesh. The spacing of the No. 16 steel mesh is 20 cm × 20 cm. The maintenance inspection well is set in the transverse passage, with a large operating space. Larger equipment can be used to clean the sediment, and maintenance and inspection operations will not affect the driving of vehicles in the main tunnel.

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, the top surface of the first inspection well cover 31 is flush with the bottom surface of the transverse passage 102, ensuring the flatness of the bottom surface of the transverse passage 102, which is conducive to passage. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a pull ring 312 is provided on the top of the first manhole cover 31 to facilitate the disassembly of the first manhole cover 31; and the pull ring 312 adopts an embedded structure, which makes the setting of the pull ring 312 more stable and ensures the flatness of the top surface of the first manhole cover 31, thereby ensuring the flatness of the bottom surface of the horizontal channel 102. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two pull rings 312 can be symmetrically arranged, which can better exert force when disassembling. The top of the first inspection well cover 31 is provided with a plurality of first drainage holes 311, which increase the drainage channel of the horizontal channel, such as Figure 6 As shown, 16 first drainage holes 311 are arranged in a square array in the horizontal middle portion of the first manhole cover 31, improving the drainage capacity of the transverse passage while ensuring the strength of the first manhole cover 31. In a specific embodiment, the first manhole cover 31 is made of C40 reinforced concrete, measures 1.35 meters by 1.35 meters, is 20 cm thick, and is equipped with No. 22 steel bars. Two No. 16 steel bar pull rings and 16 first drainage holes with a diameter of 5 cm are installed at the top of the first manhole cover 31.

[0064] like Figure 2 and Figure 12As shown, the transverse inspection trench 2 is located below the bottom surface of the transverse passage 102 and the main tunnel 101. The transverse inspection trench 2 connects the maintenance inspection well 3 and the central trench inspection well 1. The transverse inspection trench 2 passes through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel 101. A reinforcement structure is provided at the opening where the transverse inspection trench 2 passes through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel 101. In a specific embodiment, the transverse inspection trench 2 is a C30 reinforced concrete structure with a width of 1.2 meters, an inner depth of 1.25 meters, a side wall thickness of 20 centimeters, and a No. 16 steel mesh with a spacing of 20 centimeters x 20 centimeters.

[0065] The deepened central trench inspection well and the transverse inspection trench are equipped with a hidden beam 4 at the inverted arch opening to strengthen the inverted arch strength. The height of the hidden beam varies according to the lining thickness. No. 22 steel bars are set in the hidden beam, and the net protective layer thickness of the steel bars is not less than 5 cm. The transverse inspection trench 2 is located below the cable trench and the hidden trench. A hidden beam is set at the inverted arch opening to strengthen the strength of the secondary lining opening. In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the reinforcement structure is a circle of hidden beams 4 inside the opening of the bottom inverted arch, which can reinforce the bottom inverted arch of the tunnel main hole 101 inside the opening of the bottom inverted arch to ensure structural safety.

[0066] Furthermore, a trench cover 7 is installed at the top of the transverse trench 2, reinforcing the top of the trench and enhancing the structural safety of the transverse passage and the main tunnel. The trench cover 7 is a reinforced C30 reinforced concrete structure. A single trench cover 7 is 1.6 meters long, 0.5 meters wide, and 30 centimeters thick, reinforced with No. 22 steel bars.

[0067] In this solution, the maintenance inspection well 3 can be connected to the transverse inspection trench 2 to facilitate access to the central trench inspection well 1. In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch 2 is connected to the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well 1, and the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch 2 has a slope. The bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch 2 connected to the central ditch inspection well 1 is higher than the bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch 2 connected to the maintenance inspection well 3; Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the bottom surface of the maintenance inspection well 3 is lower than the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch 2, and a grit chamber 8 is provided at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3. This arrangement allows grit from the central drainage ditch 103 to flow through the sloped bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch 2 into the grit chamber 8 at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3, thereby reducing grit accumulation in the central drainage ditch 103 and allowing some grit to be cleaned directly in the maintenance inspection well 3, making cleaning easier.

[0068] Furthermore, the slope of the transverse inspection ditch 2 is 1%-3%. On the basis of ensuring that the sand in the central drainage ditch 103 can flow through the bottom of the transverse inspection ditch 2 with a slope to the sand settling tank 8 at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3, the slope is reduced to facilitate the cleaning personnel to enter the central ditch inspection well 1 more conveniently and safely from the bottom of the transverse inspection ditch 2. Figure 2 As shown, the slope of the transverse inspection ditch 2 is 2%, which ensures that the sand and debris in the central ditch inspection well can flow into the maintenance inspection well through the transverse inspection ditch.

[0069] Further, such as Figure 2 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, a sand hopper 9 is provided in the sand settling tank 8. The top surface height of the sand hopper 9 is lower than or equal to the bottom surface height of the end of the transverse inspection ditch 2 connected to the maintenance inspection well 3, which is convenient for sand settling. Lifting ears 91 are provided around the sand hopper 9, so that the sand in the central drainage ditch 103 flows directly into the sand hopper 9 through the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch 2, and then the sand hopper 9 is directly lifted out through the lifting ears 91 of the sand hopper 9 as a lifting part, making the sand cleaning more convenient. Further, as Figure 5 As shown, the sand hopper 9 is not attached to the side wall of the maintenance inspection well 3. Firstly, it can reduce the water entering the sand hopper 9 during use, and avoid the difficulty of subsequent lifting due to excessive water in the sand hopper 9; secondly, it can provide sufficient lifting space, which is conducive to lifting. Figure 8 As shown, the sand settling hopper 9 adopts a rectangular structure, and four lifting ears 91 are set in the middle of the top of the four sides of the sand settling hopper 9, which is conducive to lifting the sand settling hopper 9 stably and safely, and a second drainage hole 92 is provided at the bottom of the sand settling hopper 9 to drain the water entering the sand settling hopper 9 as much as possible.

[0070] In one specific embodiment, a 75-centimeter-deep grit chamber is installed at the bottom of the maintenance manhole, containing a grit hopper for easy daily cleaning. The hopper is a rectangular parallelepiped with a 75-by-75-centimeter square bottom and a depth of 70 centimeters. Lifting rings are located around the top of the hopper to facilitate lifting with an electric hoist.

[0071] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, a lifting ring 10 is provided at the top of the transverse passage 102. The lifting ring 10 is located directly above the first manhole cover 31. A lifting device having a pull rope can be installed on the lifting ring 10. The lifting device is connected to the pull ring 312 of the first manhole cover 31 through the lifting rope of the lifting device, and then lifted to facilitate the removal of the first manhole cover 31. The lifting device is connected to the lifting ear 91 of the sand hopper 9 through the lifting rope of the lifting device, and then lifted to facilitate the lifting out of the sand hopper 9. The lifting device is set at the lifting ring 10 at the top of the transverse passage 102, which can reduce the occupation of the ground space of the transverse passage.

[0072] like Figure 9 As shown, the lifting ring 10 includes two fins, two vertical rods and a horizontal rod. The lower ends of the two vertical rods are connected to the two ends of the horizontal rod, and the upper ends of the two vertical rods are connected to the two fins respectively. The two fins are symmetrically arranged, and the two fins are inclined upward and separated. The upper ends of the vertical rods and the fins are anchored to the top of the second lining 1021 of the horizontal channel 102 to ensure stability. Figure 10 As shown, the transverse channel secondary lining 1021 is internally provided with transverse channel annular reinforcement ribs 1022. Two fins are welded to two adjacent transverse channel annular reinforcement ribs 1022 to ensure anchoring strength. In a specific embodiment, the transverse channel pre-embedded lifting rings are located at the top of the transverse channel and use No. 20 steel bars. The transverse channel secondary lining is equipped with No. 22 annular reinforcement ribs 1022 at the pre-embedded lifting rings. The lifting ring steel bars are welded to the secondary lining annular reinforcement bars. The pre-embedded lifting rings serve as hanging points for lifting equipment such as electric hoists, used to lift the sand hopper.

[0073] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 and Figure 11 As shown, a plurality of inspection handrails 5 are provided on the inner side walls of the central ditch inspection well 1 and the maintenance inspection well 3. The inspection handrails 5 in the central ditch inspection well 1 and the maintenance inspection well 3 are respectively arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. The provision of the inspection handrails 5 facilitates the entry of cleaning personnel into the central ditch inspection well 1 and the maintenance inspection well 3. Figure 5 As shown, several inspection handrails 5 on the inner wall of the maintenance inspection well 3 are arranged on the side away from the grit hopper 9, so that the inspection handrails 5 at the bottom can be set at a lower height, allowing cleaning personnel to directly descend to the bottom of the grit hopper 8. In a specific embodiment, the total depth of the maintenance inspection well is 3.6 meters, and the inspection handrails are arranged at vertical intervals of 40 centimeters on the inner wall. The inspection handrails are made of No. 16 steel bars and anchored into the inner wall of the maintenance inspection well.

[0074] The non-destructive maintenance structure of the central drainage ditch of the tunnel in this embodiment is provided with a reinforcement structure at the opening of the transverse maintenance ditch 2 passing through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel 101, so as to ensure the safety of the transverse maintenance ditch 2 passing through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel 101, thereby making it possible to connect the maintenance inspection well 3 with the central ditch inspection well 1 by using the transverse maintenance ditch 2 arranged below the bottom surface of the transverse passage 102 and the main tunnel 101, and the central ditch inspection well 1 arranged below the bottom surface of the main tunnel 101 is connected to the central drainage ditch 103 in the main tunnel 101. The bottom of the central ditch inspection well 1 is lower than the bottom of the central drainage ditch 103, so that the sand in the central drainage ditch 103 will be deposited at the bottom of the central ditch inspection well 1; a removable first inspection well cover 31 is provided on the top of the maintenance inspection well 3, and the maintenance inspection well 3 is set below the bottom of the transverse passage 102 on the side of the tunnel main hole 101, so that the maintenance inspection well 3 can be entered through the transverse passage, and then enter the central ditch inspection well 1 through the transverse inspection ditch 2 to clean the sand in the central drainage ditch 103; a sand settling tank is set at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well, and a sand settling bucket is placed in the sand settling tank to facilitate sand settling. A lifting ring is embedded in the top of the transverse passage corresponding to the maintenance inspection well to facilitate lifting of the sand settling bucket.

[0075] With this setup, sand deposited in the central drain ditch flows through a deeper central ditch inspection well and transverse inspection trenches into a sand hopper at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well. The sand hopper is then lifted by an electric hoist to complete the sand removal. The height of the deeper central ditch inspection well, transverse inspection trenches, and maintenance inspection wells ensures adequate access for personnel. When sand deposits in the central drain ditch need to be thoroughly cleaned, personnel can enter the central ditch inspection well. Since maintenance personnel access the transverse passageway instead of entering the main tunnel, they have ample working space. During maintenance, tools do not intrude into the tunnel's structural limits, hindering drivers' traffic and making maintenance safer. This allows maintenance personnel to perform maintenance work in the transverse passageway without closing the tunnel's main tunnel lanes, disrupting normal operations and requiring no road damage. The central drain ditch's dredging status can be checked at any time, ensuring frequent maintenance and worker safety. Furthermore, larger equipment can be used for sand removal, making cleaning and maintenance operations safer and more efficient, improving sand removal efficiency and reducing maintenance personnel's workload. This system offers significant economic and social benefits. At the same time, the transverse inspection trench and maintenance manhole provide additional drainage paths for water in the tunnel's main tunnel, allowing it to drain away from the tunnel's main tunnel, preventing high water pressure from causing arching in the tunnel's main tunnel and uplifting of the road surface, thereby ensuring structural and operational safety. This invention is primarily applicable to the construction and inspection and maintenance of tunnel central trench structures.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] A method for cleaning a tunnel central drain ditch non-destructive maintenance structure, using the tunnel central drain ditch non-destructive maintenance structure described in Example 1, comprises the following steps:

[0078] S1. Remove the first inspection well cover 31 to ventilate the maintenance inspection well 3 and detect the harmful gas in the maintenance inspection well 3. When the gas content in the maintenance inspection well 3 reaches the gas safety value, lower the water pump to reduce the water level in the maintenance inspection well 3 to the water level safety value.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, the transverse passage provides a safe and sufficient working space. Personnel and equipment enter the transverse passage, open the first inspection well cover 31 of the maintenance inspection well, use a gas monitoring instrument to detect the harmful gas in the maintenance inspection well, and after the ventilation reaches a safe value, lower the water pump to reduce the water level in the maintenance inspection well.

[0080] S2. Use the lifting equipment installed on the lifting ring 10 at the top of the transverse passage 102 to lift the sand hopper 9 provided at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3 into the transverse passage 102, and empty or replace the sand hopper 9;

[0081] The hoisting equipment can be an electric chain hoist, which is installed on the pre-buried lifting ring of the transverse channel. The sand bucket is lifted by the electric hoist to clean the sand. Between step S1 and step S2, the electric chain hoist is installed at the lifting ring at the top of the transverse channel.

[0082] S3, lowering the emptied or replaced sand hopper 9 to the corresponding position at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3 by hoisting equipment;

[0083] S4. Enter from the maintenance inspection well 3, check the siltation in the central drainage ditch 103 through the maintenance inspection well 3, the transverse inspection ditch 2, and the central ditch inspection well 1, clean the remaining sand in the central drainage ditch 103 into the sand hopper 9, then lift the sand hopper 9 into the transverse passage 102 using a lifting device and empty or replace the sand hopper 9;

[0084] Among them, the remaining sand in the central drainage ditch is cleaned into the sand bucket in multiple times and hoisted for cleaning; the sand bucket is lifted by an electric chain hoist to reduce the work intensity of maintenance personnel and improve work efficiency.

[0085] S5. Lower the emptied or replaced sand hopper 9 to the corresponding position at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3 using a lifting device;

[0086] S6. Restore the first inspection well cover 31 to the top of the maintenance inspection well 3.

[0087] The cleaning method of the non-destructive maintenance structure of the central drainage ditch of the tunnel described in the present invention is to remove the first inspection well cover 31 to ventilate the maintenance inspection well 3, which can make the maintenance inspection well 3 safer; after the gas content in the maintenance inspection well 3 is tested to reach the gas safety value, the drainage is carried out, and the drainage operation is safer; the sand settling hopper 9 set at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3 is first lifted by the lifting equipment to the horizontal channel 102, and the sand settling hopper 9 is emptied or replaced, so that the environment at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well 3 is better, which is conducive to cleaning personnel entering the central ditch inspection well 1 to check the siltation situation in the central drainage ditch 103 and clean up the remaining sand in the central drainage ditch 103; the above cleaning method is safe, convenient and fast, and does not affect driving in the main tunnel.

[0088] The non-destructive inspection and repair structure and cleaning method of the tunnel central drainage ditch described in the present invention have the following advantages:

[0089] (1) By using this method to set up a maintenance inspection well in the transverse channel, larger equipment can be used to clean the sediment without affecting the driving on the road. The cleaning and maintenance operations are safe and efficient, which improves the efficiency of sediment cleaning and reduces the workload of maintenance personnel, with good economic and social benefits.

[0090] (2) Through the horizontal inspection ditch connected to the deepened central drainage ditch inspection well, the inspection and maintenance personnel can inspect the tunnel central drainage ditch through the maintenance inspection well, the horizontal inspection ditch and the deepened central drainage ditch inspection well, without closing the main tunnel driving lane and without chiseling the road surface. It has the characteristics of non-destructive inspection and does not affect traffic.

[0091] (3) A movable sand bucket is installed in the sand settling tank at the bottom of the inspection well. The sand is placed in the movable sand bucket, which can collect the sand at any time and is convenient for lifting and cleaning at any time. The use of electric hoists and other lifting equipment to lift the sand reduces the workload of maintenance personnel and improves work efficiency.

[0092] (4) The internal space of the maintenance inspection well has been enlarged, and the plane size of the bottom inner space has reached 1.2 meters × 1.2 meters. Inspection handrails are installed on the side walls, making it more convenient for maintenance personnel to enter and exit.

[0093] (5) The first inspection well cover 31 of the maintenance inspection well is flush with the road surface of the cross passage. The maintenance inspection well can be entered by lifting the first inspection well cover 31 without cutting the road surface, which is convenient for maintenance.

[0094] (6) The sedimentation tank of the maintenance inspection well is 75 cm deep, and the horizontal inspection ditch is set with a 2% longitudinal slope. The mud and sand in the central drainage ditch of the main tunnel can be quickly collected into the sedimentation hopper in the sedimentation tank of the maintenance inspection well, which is convenient for daily cleaning.

[0095] (7) The horizontal inspection ditch is 1.25 meters high, which makes it easier for maintenance personnel to enter the deepened central drainage ditch inspection well.

[0096] (8) The central drainage ditch inspection well has been deepened and enlarged, with the bottom inner space plane size reaching 1.2 meters × 1.2 meters, making it easier for maintenance personnel to inspect the central drainage ditch.

[0097] (9) The deepened central trench inspection well has a hidden beam at the arch opening, which ensures the bearing capacity of the tunnel secondary lining opening.

[0098] (10) A lifting ring is provided at the top of the horizontal channel to facilitate the installation of the electric chain hoist.

[0099] (11) The transverse inspection trench and maintenance inspection well increase the water drainage path of the main tunnel, avoiding the arch and road surface uplift caused by high water pressure, and ensuring the structural and operational safety.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch, characterized in that: include: A central ditch inspection well (1), the central ditch inspection well (1) being arranged below the bottom surface of the tunnel main hole (101), the central ditch inspection well (1) being connected to the central drainage ditch (103) in the tunnel main hole (101), and the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well (1) being lower than the bottom surface of the central drainage ditch (103); A maintenance inspection well (3), the maintenance inspection well (3) being arranged below the bottom surface of the transverse passage (102), the transverse passage (102) being connected to the side of the tunnel main hole (101), and a detachable first inspection well cover (31) being provided on the top of the maintenance inspection well (3); A transverse inspection ditch (2) is located below the bottom surface of the transverse passage (102) and the main tunnel (101), the transverse inspection ditch (2) is connected to the maintenance inspection well (3) and the central ditch inspection well (1), the transverse inspection ditch (2) passes through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel (101), and a reinforcement structure is provided at the opening where the transverse inspection ditch (2) passes through the bottom inverted arch of the main tunnel (101).

2. The non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement structure is a circle of hidden beams (4) inside the opening of the bottom inverted arch.

3. The non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch (2) is connected to the bottom surface of the central ditch inspection well (1), the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch (2) has a slope, and the bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch (2) connected to the central ditch inspection well (1) is higher than the bottom surface of one end of the transverse inspection ditch (2) connected to the maintenance inspection well (3); The bottom surface of the maintenance inspection well (3) is lower than the bottom surface of the transverse inspection ditch (2), and a sand settling tank (8) is provided at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well (3).

4. The non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slope of the transverse maintenance ditch (2) is 1%-3%.

5. The non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sand hopper (9) is provided in the sand settling tank (8), the top surface height of the sand hopper (9) is lower than or equal to the bottom surface height of one end of the transverse inspection ditch (2) connected to the maintenance inspection well (3), and the sand hopper (9) is provided with lifting lugs (91) around it; A pull ring (312) is provided on the top of the first inspection well cover (31).

6. The non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to claim 5, characterized in that: A lifting ring (10) is provided on the top of the transverse passage (102), and the lifting ring (10) is located directly above the first inspection well cover (31). A lifting device can be installed on the lifting ring (10), and the lifting device has a cable.

7. A non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A plurality of first drain holes (311) are provided on the top of the first inspection well cover (31).

8. A non-destructive maintenance structure for a tunnel central drainage ditch according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A plurality of inspection handrails (5) are provided on the inner side walls of the central ditch inspection well (1) and the maintenance inspection well (3), and the inspection handrails (5) in the central ditch inspection well (1) and the maintenance inspection well (3) are respectively arranged at intervals along the vertical direction.

9. A non-destructive maintenance structure for a central drainage ditch in a tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A maintenance trench cover plate (7) is provided on the top of the transverse maintenance trench (2).

10. A method for cleaning a tunnel central drainage ditch non-destructive maintenance structure, characterized in that: Cleaning the tunnel central drain ditch using the non-destructive maintenance structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Remove the first inspection well cover (31) to ventilate the maintenance inspection well (3) and detect the harmful gas content in the maintenance inspection well (3); when the gas content in the maintenance inspection well (3) reaches the gas safety value, lower the water pump to reduce the water level in the maintenance inspection well (3) to the water level safety value; S2, using the lifting ring (10) at the top of the transverse passage (102) to install the lifting equipment; S3, using a lifting device to lift the sand hopper (9) provided at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well (3) into the transverse passage (102), and emptying or replacing the sand hopper (9); S4, lowering the emptied or replaced sand hopper (9) to the corresponding position at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well (3) by means of a lifting device; S5. Enter from the maintenance inspection well (3), check the siltation in the central drainage ditch (103) through the maintenance inspection well (3), the transverse inspection ditch (2) and the central ditch inspection well (1), clean the remaining sand in the central drainage ditch (103) into the sand hopper (9), then lift the sand hopper (9) into the transverse channel (102) by hoisting equipment, and empty or replace the sand hopper (9); S6. Lower the emptied or replaced sand hopper (9) to the corresponding position at the bottom of the maintenance inspection well (3) using a lifting device; S7. Restore the first inspection well cover (31) to the top of the maintenance inspection well (3).

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