A method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration

Abstract

An electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary recycled material from casting high-temperature alloys is disclosed, belonging to the field of high-temperature alloy technology. It is based on an electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery device, including a furnace body, a melting crucible, a hydraulic tilting device, a slag-blocking dam, a pouring spout, a ceramic filter, and a casting solidification crucible inside the furnace body; and a molecular pump, valves, a mechanical pump, a diffusion pump, and a Roots pump outside the furnace body, as well as a cooling system, observation window, and electron gun connected to the furnace body. First, a high-efficiency, low-cost pretreatment process is used to preliminarily clean the surface of waste blades; then, electron beam refining and continuous casting are performed using a self-made slag-blocking dam and ceramic filter screen to remove residual ceramic particles from the surface and core of the waste blades; finally, ultra-pure, highly homogeneous recycled material ingots are prepared. This invention can solve the problems of accumulation and low recycling rate of ordinary recycled material from casting high-temperature alloys, mainly composed of waste blades, and obtain ultra-pure, highly homogeneous recycled material ingots.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-temperature alloy technology and relates to an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary recycled materials of cast high-temperature alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Cast superalloys are the primary materials for manufacturing blade components such as turbine blades and guide vanes for aero-engines and gas turbines. According to literature, the final weight of cast superalloy blade components accounts for only about 30% of the weight of the base alloy. A large amount of the base alloy becomes scrap due to casting defects such as impurities, failed crystal selection, and sand adhesion. Furthermore, with the continuous increase in the use of cast superalloys, a large amount of recycled material, including runners, risers, and crystal selectors, is generated. If we calculate based on the actual domestic production of cast superalloys at 7,000 tons and a scrap rate of 70% in 2023, the annual waste generated from cast superalloys will approach 5,000 tons. Since cast superalloys typically contain rare and expensive metallic elements such as Re and Hf, the accumulation of large amounts of waste not only causes a serious waste of strategic resources, but also necessitates the application of recycled cast superalloy material in the production of the base alloy.

[0003] Currently, China mainly processes recycled high-temperature alloys using vacuum induction melting or a dual process of vacuum induction melting combined with electroslag remelting. In actual production practices, high-quality high-temperature alloys are often downgraded to ordinary nickel-containing metals, resulting in a serious waste of strategic resources. In Europe and America, the utilization rate of recycled high-temperature alloys reaches 70%–80%, while in China it is only around 15%, primarily concentrated in the field of wrought high-temperature alloys. The main reason for this is that, unlike wrought high-temperature alloys, active elements such as Hf and Ta in cast high-temperature alloys readily react with ceramic shells or cores during casting, generating refractory oxide inclusions such as HfO2 and Ta2O5. These refractory inclusions are difficult to remove under the temperature and melting environment of vacuum induction melting. On the other hand, compared with virgin alloy materials, the content of impurity elements such as O, N, and S in recycled high-temperature alloy castings is relatively high. The impurity content in recycled high-temperature alloy ingots prepared by traditional smelting processes has not yet broken through the melt characteristic transformation limit, resulting in a series of problems in the subsequent use of recycled alloy ingots, such as poor casting processability, low blade preparation qualification rate, and parts service performance that does not reach the level of virgin materials.

[0004] Therefore, to address the problem of accumulated waste material from casting high-temperature alloy blades, our team has, for the first time in China, proposed using electron beam refining technology to purify the waste material (Chinese Invention Patent CN112760508A). Utilizing the high cleanliness, high vacuum, and high temperature environment of the electron beam refining process, impurity elements in the alloy melt are removed, preventing further reactions between the alloy melt and ceramic materials and the vacuum atmosphere. Simultaneously, relying on the unique Marangoni melt flow and induced solidification of electron beam refining, the directional migration and induced enrichment of small-sized inclusions in the alloy melt are promoted. Finally, through the bombardment of high-energy electron beams and the large superheated environment of the alloy melt, refractory inclusions are decomposed by bombardment or dissolved by superheat. However, existing technologies cannot meet the melting requirements of ordinary waste material from casting high-temperature alloys in engineering practice. Ordinary waste material usually contains large ceramic particles such as ceramic cores, which are difficult to remove effectively even after multiple remeltings.

[0005] Based on this technical principle and process route, we have developed related technologies such as electron beam laminar flow for preparing ultra-pure, high-homogeneity high-temperature alloys, electron beam cold hearth furnace refining of high-temperature alloys, and electron beam droplet melting of high-temperature alloys. For recycled high-temperature alloys from casting, the current main approach combines vacuum induction melting and electron beam refining. The technologies disclosed in Chinese invention patents CN117701895A, CN117701896A, CN117701897A, and CN117701898A all involve: first, vacuum induction melting of the recycled high-temperature alloy material, followed by remelting using electron beam droplet melting. While this can reduce the inclusion content in the recycled high-temperature alloy material to the level of virgin material, the alloy undergoes two melting processes—vacuum induction melting and electron beam melting—resulting in significant loss of alloy element mass and increased melting costs. In addition, the above patents mainly target high-quality recycled materials from casting high-temperature alloys, primarily focusing on the melting and recycling of gating systems, risers, material heads, and crystal selectors. They do not offer corresponding solutions for ordinary recycled materials such as core waste blades from casting high-temperature alloys, highlighting the urgent need to address the problems of waste blade accumulation and low recycling rates in casting high-temperature alloys. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention proposes an electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy castings. This method relies entirely on electron beam refining technology to recover ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy castings. First, this invention uses a high-efficiency, low-cost pretreatment process to initially clean the surface of the waste blades, ensuring the formation of a conductive path during the electron beam melting process. Then, a self-made filter is used for continuous electron beam refining and casting, achieving the removal of residual ceramic particles from the surface and core of the waste blades, ultimately producing ultra-pure, highly homogeneous recycled ingots.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] An electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary recycled materials from casting high-temperature alloys is disclosed. This method is implemented using an electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery device, which includes a furnace body, a melting crucible, a hydraulic tilting device, a slag-blocking dam, a pouring spout, a ceramic filter, and a casting solidification crucible located inside the furnace body, and molecular pumps, valves, mechanical pumps, diffusion pumps, and Roots pumps located outside the furnace body, as well as a cooling system, observation window, and electron gun communicating with both the inside and outside of the furnace body. Specifically:

[0009] There are two mechanical pumps. The first mechanical pump is connected to the electron gun via a molecular pump. Valves are installed on the connection channels between the first mechanical pump and the molecular pump, and between the molecular pump and the electron gun, to control the vacuuming process. The second mechanical pump is connected to one end of a Roots pump. The other end of the Roots pump is divided into two branches. One branch is connected to the furnace body via a valve, and the other branch is connected to a diffusion pump via a valve. The diffusion pump is also connected to the furnace body via a valve.

[0010] The electron gun is located at the top of the furnace body and extends deep into the furnace body. It is used to emit an electron beam to melt and refine ordinary return materials of high-temperature alloys for casting. The maximum melting power of the electron gun is 300kW, the rated voltage is 30kV, the beam current range is 0~1000mA, and the beam spot diameter is 5~10mm.

[0011] The smelting crucible is located in the lower middle part of the furnace body on the left side. It is made of pure copper to avoid contamination of the refractory crucible material. Its bottom surface is equipped with a hydraulic tilting device to tilt and tilt the crucible, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the casting process. The smelting crucible is a top-opening container for melting and refining ordinary return material of high-temperature alloys for casting. The upper diameter is 360-400mm, the lower diameter is 260-300mm, and the depth is 120-300mm. A pouring spout is located on the side near the casting and solidification crucible to guide the flow of the alloy melt, ensuring precise casting into the casting and solidification crucible. A slag-blocking dam is placed at the connection between the pouring spout and the smelting crucible. The slag-blocking dam is made of Al2O3 or MgO and has multiple evenly distributed through holes with a diameter of 10-50 PPI.

[0012] The casting and solidification crucible is located at the bottom and on the right side of the furnace body, with an opening at the top directly below the pouring spout of the melting crucible. A hydraulic tilting device allows the molten alloy from the melting crucible to be poured into the casting and solidification crucible. A funnel-shaped ceramic filter is located directly above and connected to the casting and solidification crucible. The filter is made of Al2O3, MgO, or CaO and has multiple evenly distributed through-holes with a diameter of 10-50 PPI. The casting and solidification crucible uses a pneumatically operated, fixed-track, detachable copper or steel mold with a diameter of 80-200 mm and a height of 300-800 mm, enabling the crucible to be moved and disassembled for easy removal of large-sized return ingots after casting.

[0013] The furnace body is also equipped with a cooling system, including cooling water pipes, cooling towers, water chillers, etc., which can maintain the electron beam melting furnace and its vacuum system at room temperature and prevent overheating alarms.

[0014] Furthermore, the top of the furnace body is provided with a transparent observation window for observing the state of the alloy melt during electron beam refining and casting, ensuring that the alloy melt is fully melted and refined, and that the alloy melt is smoothly poured into the bottom of the casting and solidification crucible.

[0015] The electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary recycled materials of cast high-temperature alloys specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] The first step is to sandblast the ordinary return material of the casting high-temperature alloy;

[0017] The second step is to evacuate the inside of the furnace used for electron beam melting. After reaching the target vacuum level, the electron gun is started for preheating. After preheating is completed, the return material melting stage begins.

[0018] The third step is to purify the ordinary recycled material of the high-temperature alloy casting by melting it with an electron beam.

[0019] Step 3.1: First, adjust the melting power of the electron gun, set the electron beam scanning mode and scanning frequency, and slowly melt the surface of the ordinary return material of the casting high-temperature alloy in the melting crucible by the electron beam. After it is fully melted, the large ceramic core sinks to the bottom of the melting crucible, and the small inclusions float to the surface of the melting crucible.

[0020] Step 3.2, next, after the ordinary return material of the high-temperature alloy to be cast has been fully melted, adjust the refining power of the electron beam to ensure that the inclusions floating to the surface of the melting crucible are bombarded and decomposed by the electron beam spot;

[0021] Step 3.3: Next, activate the hydraulic tilting device of the melting crucible to begin pouring the alloy melt into the casting and solidification crucible. During casting, the electron beam is moved near the pouring nozzle to maintain the fluidity of the alloy molten pool surface. Small-sized slag on the surface of the alloy molten pool and ceramic particles settled at the bottom of the crucible are filtered out by the slag-blocking dam between the melting crucible and the pouring nozzle.

[0022] Step 3.4: The small amount of residual ceramic shell or core particles inside the alloy melt is filtered out through the ceramic filter at the top of the casting and solidification crucible. The alloy melt, after two stages of filtration, slowly flows to the bottom of the casting and solidification crucible and is slowly cooled by the cooling system.

[0023] The fourth step is to continuously collect returned alloy ingots;

[0024] Step 4.1: After casting is completed, turn off the high voltage of the electron gun and continue to keep the alloy ingot in a vacuum environment for 2 hours to cool. After it has completely cooled, release the vacuum in the furnace body, open the furnace door and take out the ultra-pure casting high-temperature alloy ordinary return alloy ingot.

[0025] Step 4.2: Inspect the returned alloy ingots. If the returned ingots meet the factory standards after inspection, they need to be machined. Use a lathe to peel off the skin from the returned ingots to ensure that the surface of the returned ingots is smooth.

[0026] Furthermore, the first step specifically involves: First, the processing and quality inspection departments of the high-temperature alloy casting production line collect ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy material, mainly consisting of scrapped blades with ceramic cores; then, the ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy material is subjected to efficient and low-cost sandblasting with corundum sand to remove large pieces of ceramic shell adhering to the outer surface of the scrap blades, ensuring the formation of a conductive path during the electron beam melting process. The sandblasting process uses compressed air as power, with a pressure of 0.2~0.8MPa, corundum sand size of 20~80 mesh, and a sandblasting time of 2~20 minutes; finally, the sandblasted ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy material is dried by air blowing to remove dust, oil, and moisture from its surface.

[0027] Furthermore, the second step specifically involves: First, cleaning the walls of the melting crucible, the furnace chamber, and the surface of the observation window to remove any adhering contaminants. Then, using a vacuum cleaner, remove any scattered or adhering pollutants. Spread the collected ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy material inside the melting crucible. Next, adjust the water pressure of the cooling system to approximately 0.2 MPa. Once the ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy material has been laid and the furnace is clean, close the furnace door. Finally, use a mechanical pump, molecular pump, Roots pump, and diffusion pump to evacuate the furnace and electron gun to the target vacuum state, ensuring a vacuum level higher than 5 × 10⁻⁶. -3Once the target vacuum level is reached, the electron gun is activated and preheated for 10-30 minutes. After preheating, the waste blades are melted.

[0028] Furthermore, in the third step: In step 3.1, the melting power of the electron gun is 4~12kW, the electron beam scanning method is circular scanning, and the scanning frequency is 5~20Hz. In step 3.1, the refining power of the electron beam is 30~50kW.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 4.2, the detection method is as follows: using a wire cutting machine to take samples from the top and bottom of the returned alloy ingot for composition detection, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur impurity content detection, and inclusion content and size distribution detection. After characterization, it is determined whether the returned ingot meets the standard composition and whether its purity reaches or exceeds the level of virgin material.

[0030] If the inspection is passed, the subsequent machining process will proceed.

[0031] For ingots that do not meet the composition requirements, the alloy composition of the returned ingots is adjusted by wrapping volatile elements with nickel foil, and the second and third steps are repeated.

[0032] For ingots that do not meet the purity requirements, deoxidizers or desulfurizers are added to remove impurities more thoroughly, and steps two and three are repeated.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] (1) The low yield rate of cast high-temperature alloy blades results in a large amount of ordinary return material, such as waste cast high-temperature alloy blades. This ordinary return material contains large ceramic particles, such as ceramic cores, and usually requires additional processing such as alkaline washing, negative pressure core removal, and core removal liquid spraying. After processing, it undergoes multiple vacuum induction meltings. However, the purity of the prepared return alloy often does not reach the level of new material, or the impurity content reaches the level of new material but the size and quantity of inclusions are still high. This patent proposes a technology that relies entirely on electron beam refining to recover ordinary return material of cast high-temperature alloys. First, the surface of the waste blades is pre-cleaned using an efficient and low-cost pretreatment process to ensure that a conductive path is formed during the electron beam melting process. Then, electron beam refining and casting are carried out using a self-made slag dam and ceramic filter screen to remove residual ceramic particles from the surface and core of the waste blades.

[0035] (2) Electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration for recycling ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy castings not only saves the pre-treatment processes of acid washing and alkali washing for core removal, but also effectively removes large refractory ceramic particles and further removes small inclusions filtered out by ceramic filtration. The overall melting time is short, and there is no significant loss of composition or energy consumption. Calculations show that electron beam melting can not only save the recycling cost of ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy castings, but also achieve deep impurity removal, solving the problem of accumulation and low recycling rate of ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy castings, mainly composed of waste blades. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filter device for recycling waste blades of high-temperature alloy castings.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration method for recycling waste blades of high-temperature alloy castings.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Molecular pump; 2. Valve; 3. Mechanical pump; 4. Electron beam; 5. Common return material for casting high-temperature alloys; 6. Melting crucible; 7. Hydraulic tilting device; 8. Cooling system; 9. Observation window; 10. Electron gun; 11. Slag dam; 12. Tilting spout; 13. Ceramic filter; 14. Casting solidification crucible; 15. Diffusion pump; 16. Roots pump; 17. Furnace body. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific implementation examples.

[0040] The present invention employs an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration and recovery device for ordinary recycled materials of cast high-temperature alloys, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the furnace includes a furnace body 17, a melting crucible 6, a hydraulic tilting device 7, a slag-blocking dam 11, a pouring spout 12, a ceramic filter 13, and a casting and solidification crucible 14 located inside the furnace body 17; a molecular pump 1, a valve 2, a mechanical pump 3, a diffusion pump 15, and a Roots pump 16 located outside the furnace body 17; and a cooling system 8, an observation window 9, and an electron gun 10 connected to both the inside and outside of the furnace body 17. Specifically:

[0041] There are two mechanical pumps 3. The first mechanical pump 3 is connected to the electron gun 10 via a molecular pump 1. Valves 2 are provided on the connection channels between the first mechanical pump 3 and the molecular pump 1, and between the molecular pump 1 and the electron gun 10. The second mechanical pump 3 is connected to one end of a Roots pump 16. The other end of the Roots pump 16 is divided into two branches. One branch is connected to the furnace body 17 via a valve 2, and the other branch is connected to a diffusion pump 15 via a valve 2. The diffusion pump 15 is also connected to the furnace body 17 via a valve 2.

[0042] The electron gun 10 is located at the top of the furnace body 17 and extends into the interior of the furnace body 17 to emit an electron beam 4.

[0043] The smelting crucible 6 is located in the lower part of the furnace body 17 and on the left side. It is made of pure copper and has a hydraulic tilting device 7 on its bottom surface. The smelting crucible 6 is a top-opening container for melting and refining ordinary return material of casting high-temperature alloys. The upper diameter is 360 mm, the bottom diameter is 260 mm, and the depth is 120 mm. A pouring spout 12 is provided on the side of the crucible 14 near the casting solidification crucible. A slag-blocking dam 11 is placed at the connection between the pouring spout 12 and the smelting crucible 6. The slag-blocking dam 11 is made of Al2O3 and has multiple evenly distributed through holes with a diameter of 30 PPI.

[0044] The casting and solidification crucible 14 is located at the bottom and on the right side of the furnace body 17, with an opening at the top directly below the pouring spout 12 of the melting crucible 6. The ceramic filter 13 is located directly above and connected to the casting and solidification crucible 14, and is funnel-shaped. The ceramic filter 13 is made of Al2O3 and has multiple evenly distributed through holes with a diameter of 20 PPI. The casting and solidification crucible 14 uses a pneumatically operated, fixed-track, detachable steel mold with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 500 mm, enabling the crucible to be moved and disassembled.

[0045] The furnace body 17 is also equipped with a cooling system 8, which in this example is a cooling tower and a water chiller.

[0046] The furnace body 17 has a transparent observation window 9 on its top.

[0047] This embodiment selects a rhenium-containing single-crystal high-temperature alloy waste blade as the subject of the embodiment, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] The first step involves sorting and collecting ordinary return material 5, primarily composed of rhenium-containing single-crystal high-temperature alloy DD5 waste blades, from the processing and quality inspection departments of the high-temperature alloy casting production line. This ordinary return material 5 is then spread evenly inside the melting crucible 6 of the electron beam melting equipment. Next, it undergoes efficient and low-cost sandblasting with corundum sand to remove large ceramic shells adhering to the outer surface of the waste blades, ensuring the formation of a conductive path during the electron beam melting process. The sandblasting process uses compressed air as power, with a pressure of 0.3 MPa, corundum sand size of 50 mesh, and a sandblasting time of 10 minutes. Finally, the shot-blasted ordinary return material 4 is dried by air blowing to remove dust, oil, and moisture from its surface.

[0049] The second step involves first cleaning the walls, chamber, and observation window of the melting crucible, then using a vacuum cleaner to remove any scattered or adhered contaminants. The collected ordinary recycled high-temperature alloy material 5 is then spread evenly inside the melting crucible 6. Next, the water pressure of the cooling system 8 is adjusted to 0.2 MPa. After confirming that the ordinary recycled material 5 is laid out and the electron beam melting furnace body 17 is clean, the furnace door is closed. Finally, the mechanical pump 3, molecular pump 1, Roots pump 16, and diffusion pump 15 are used to evacuate the furnace body 17 and electron gun 10 to the target vacuum state, ensuring that the vacuum level of the furnace body 17 and electron gun 10 is higher than 5 × 10⁻⁶. -3 After reaching the target vacuum level, the electron gun 10 is activated and preheated for 20 minutes. After preheating, the waste blades are melted.

[0050] The third step involves first adjusting the melting power of the electron gun 10 to 12kW, setting the electron beam 4 scanning mode to ring scanning, and the scanning frequency to 10Hz. The electron beam 4 acts on the surface of the ordinary return material 5 inside the melting crucible 6, causing it to melt slowly. After the ordinary return material 5 has fully melted, the large ceramic core sinks to the bottom of the melting crucible, while small inclusions float to the surface. Next, after the ordinary return material 5 for casting the high-temperature alloy has fully melted, the refining power of the electron beam 4 is adjusted to 30kW to ensure that the inclusions floating to the surface of the melting crucible 6 are decomposed by the electron beam spot. Then, the hydraulic tilting device 7 of the melting crucible 6 is activated, and the alloy melt is poured into the casting solidification crucible 14. During the casting process, care is taken to move the electron beam 4 near the pouring nozzle 12 to maintain the fluidity of the alloy molten pool surface. The slag barrier 11 between the melting crucible 6 and the pouring nozzle 12 filters out small slag from the surface of the alloy molten pool and ceramic particles settled at the bottom of the crucible. Finally, the small amount of residual ceramic shell or core particles inside the alloy melt are filtered out by the ceramic filter 13 at the top of the casting solidification crucible 14. The alloy melt, after two stages of filtration, slowly flows to the bottom of the casting solidification crucible 14 and is slowly cooled by the cooling system 8.

[0051] The fourth step involves several steps. First, after casting, the high voltage of the electron gun is turned off, and the alloy ingot is kept in a vacuum environment for approximately 2 hours to cool completely. After cooling, the furnace vacuum is released, the furnace door is opened, and the ultra-pure recycled alloy ingot is removed. Second, a wire cutting machine is used to take samples from the top and bottom of the ingot for composition analysis, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur impurity content analysis, and inclusion content and size distribution analysis. After characterization, the composition of the ultra-pure, highly homogeneous rhenium-containing single-crystal high-temperature alloy waste blade recycled ingot is within the standard range. The O, N, and S impurity contents are 3.4 ppmw, 0.4 ppmw, and 3.6 ppmw, respectively, which is equivalent to removing 84% of O, 77% of N, and 10% of S from the recycled material. The total amount of inclusions is reduced by 47%, and the maximum inclusion size is reduced to below 20 μm, a reduction of 29%. Finally, the recycled ingot is machined using a lathe to remove the outer layer, ensuring a smooth surface. After processing, each bar is marked with its grade and number, and then stored in separate piles according to the type and grade of the returned material, and returned to the warehouse in a timely manner.

[0052] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the implementation methods of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration to recover ordinary recycled materials from cast high-temperature alloys, characterized in that, The electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration and recovery method is implemented based on an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration and recovery device, which includes a furnace body (17), a melting crucible (6), a hydraulic tilting device (7), a pouring nozzle (12), and a casting solidification crucible (14) located inside the furnace body (17), a molecular pump (1), a valve (2), a mechanical pump (3), a diffusion pump (15), and a Roots pump (16) located outside the furnace body (17), and a cooling system (8) and an electron gun (10) connected to the inside and outside of the furnace body (17); specifically: There are two mechanical pumps (3). The first mechanical pump (3) is connected to the electron gun (10) through the molecular pump (1). Valves (2) are provided on the connection channels between the first mechanical pump (3) and the molecular pump (1), and between the molecular pump (1) and the electron gun (10) to control the vacuuming process. The second mechanical pump (3) is connected to one end of the Roots pump (16). The other end of the Roots pump (16) is divided into two branches. One branch is connected to the furnace body (17) through the valve (2), and the other branch is connected to the diffusion pump (15) through the valve (2). The diffusion pump (15) is also connected to the furnace body (17) through the valve (2). The electron gun (10) is located at the top of the furnace body (17) and extends into the interior of the furnace body (17). The electron beam (4) it emits is used to melt and refine ordinary return material (5) of high-temperature alloy casting. The smelting crucible (6) is located in the lower part of the furnace body (17) and on the left side. Its bottom surface is equipped with a hydraulic tilting device (7), which realizes the tilting and tilting function of the smelting crucible (6). The smelting crucible (6) is equipped with a tilting spout (12) on the side near the casting solidification crucible (14) for guiding the flow of alloy melt and accurately casting it into the casting solidification crucible (14). The casting solidification crucible (14) is located at the bottom of the furnace body (17) and on the right side, with an opening at the top. A slag-blocking dam (11) is placed at the connection between the pouring nozzle (12) and the smelting crucible (6). The slag-blocking dam (11) is made of Al2O3 or MgO. A ceramic filter (13) is provided on the top of the casting solidification crucible (14). The electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration and recovery method implemented by the above-mentioned electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration and recovery device specifically includes the following steps: The first step is to sandblast the ordinary return material (5) of the high-temperature alloy casting. The second step is to evacuate the inside of the furnace body (17) used for electron beam melting. After reaching the target vacuum level, the electron gun (10) is started for preheating. After preheating, the return material melting stage is entered. The third step is to purify the ordinary return material (5) of the high-temperature alloy casting by melting it with an electron beam (4); Step 3.1: Adjust the melting power of the electron gun (10), set the scanning mode and scanning frequency of the electron beam (4), and slowly melt the surface of the ordinary return material (5) of the casting high temperature alloy in the melting crucible (6) through the electron beam (4). After it is fully melted, the large ceramic core sinks to the bottom of the melting crucible (6), and the small inclusions float to the surface of the melting crucible (6). Step 3.2: After the ordinary return material (5) of the high-temperature alloy to be cast has been fully melted, adjust the refining power of the electron beam (4) to ensure that the inclusions floating to the surface of the melting crucible (6) are decomposed by the electron beam spot. Step 3.3: Start the hydraulic tilting device (7) of the melting crucible (6) and begin pouring the alloy melt into the casting solidification crucible (14); during the casting process, move the electron beam (4) to the vicinity of the pouring nozzle (12) to maintain the fluidity of the alloy molten pool surface; filter out the slag on the surface of the alloy molten pool and the ceramic particles settled at the bottom of the crucible through the slag barrier (11) between the melting crucible (6) and the pouring nozzle (12); Step 3.4: The ceramic shell or core particles remaining inside the alloy melt are filtered out by the ceramic filter (13) at the top of the casting solidification crucible (14); the alloy melt after two-stage filtration flows slowly to the bottom of the casting solidification crucible (14) and is slowly cooled by the cooling system (8). The fourth step is to continuously collect returned alloy ingots; Step 4.1 After casting is completed, turn off the high voltage of the electron gun (10) and continue to keep the alloy ingot in a vacuum environment to cool. After it is completely cooled, release the furnace vacuum and open the furnace door to take out the ultra-pure casting high temperature alloy ordinary return alloy ingot. Step 4.2: Inspect the returned alloy ingots. If the returned ingots meet the factory standards after inspection, they need to be machined. Use a lathe to peel off the skin from the returned ingots to ensure that the surface of the returned ingots is smooth.

2. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first step is as follows: First, collect ordinary return material (5) of casting high-temperature alloy, mainly containing scrap blades with ceramic cores; then, use corundum sand to sandblast the ordinary return material (5) of casting high-temperature alloy to ensure that a conductive path is formed during the electron beam melting process; the sandblasting process is powered by compressed air, with a pressure of 0.2~0.8MPa, a corundum sand size of 20~80 mesh, and a sandblasting time of 2~20min; finally, the ordinary return material (5) of casting high-temperature alloy after sandblasting is dried by blowing.

3. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second step is as follows: First, the collected ordinary recycled material (5) for casting high-temperature alloys is spread evenly inside the melting crucible (6); then, the water pressure of the cooling system (8) is adjusted, and the furnace door is closed after the ordinary recycled material (5) for casting high-temperature alloys is laid out and the furnace body (17) is clean; finally, the furnace body (17) and the electron gun (10) are evacuated to the target vacuum state using a mechanical pump (3), a molecular pump (1), a Roots pump (16), and a diffusion pump (15), so that the vacuum degree of the furnace body (17) and the electron gun (10) is higher than 5×10 -3 After reaching the target vacuum level, the electron gun (10) is activated and preheated for 10-30 minutes. After preheating, the waste blades are melted.

4. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3.1, the melting power of the electron gun (10) is 4~12kW, the scanning mode of the electron beam (4) is ring scanning, and the scanning frequency is 5~20Hz; in step 3.1, the refining power of the electron beam (4) is 30~50kW.

5. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4.2, the detection method is as follows: using a wire cutting machine, samples are taken from the top and bottom of the returned alloy ingot for composition detection, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur impurity content detection, and inclusion content and size distribution detection. After characterization, it is determined whether the returned ingot meets the standard composition and whether the purity reaches or exceeds the level of virgin material. If the inspection is passed, the subsequent machining process will proceed. For ingots that do not meet the composition requirements, the alloy composition of the return ingots is adjusted by wrapping volatile elements with nickel foil, and the second and third steps are repeated. For ingots that do not meet the purity requirements, deoxidizers or desulfurizers are added to remove impurities more thoroughly, and steps two and three are repeated.

6. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electron gun (10) has a maximum melting power of 300kW, a rated voltage of 30kV, a beam current range of 0~1000mA, and a beam spot diameter of 5~10mm.

7. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration and recovery device: The melting crucible (6) is made of pure copper and is a top-open container for melting and refining ordinary return material of high-temperature alloys for casting. The diameter of the upper end is 360~400mm, the diameter of the bottom end is 260~300mm, and the depth is 120~300mm. The slag-blocking dam (11) is provided with multiple evenly distributed through holes, the diameter of which is 10-50 PPI; The ceramic filter (13) is funnel-shaped and made of Al2O3, MgO or CaO. The ceramic filter (13) has multiple evenly distributed through holes with a pore size of 10-50 PPI.

8. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The casting solidification crucible (14) adopts a pneumatic fixed-rail separation copper or steel mold with a diameter of 80~200mm and a height of 300mm~800mm to realize the function of movable disassembly of the crucible, which is used to remove the return material ingot after casting.

9. The method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery of ordinary recycled material from cast high-temperature alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body (17) has a transparent observation window (9) on top.

Images