Soil moisture content real-time remote monitoring method and system for precise irrigation

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil moisture content real-time remote monitoring method and system for precise irrigation, and the method comprises the steps: dividing unit planting fields according to the terrain, and arranging a soil detection device in each unit planting field; a network transmission device, an irrigation pipe network and an irrigation control system are laid; starting from extraction of soil moisture content information, an open-circuit automatic control system for starting and stopping an irrigation system according to preset time and a closed-circuit automatic control system for determining starting and stopping time of the irrigation system through sensor data feedback and software analysis are respectively established through wired control and wireless sensor network technologies; irrigation is implemented through fixed sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and infiltrating irrigation, so that an intelligent precise irrigation control network system is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a real-time remote monitoring method and system for soil moisture conditions for precision irrigation. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern irrigation technology and the widespread application of 3S technology in the agricultural field, it has become possible to widely use crop precision irrigation control technology in production practice.

[0003] In the past decade, precision irrigation, as an important part of precision agriculture, has become a hot topic in irrigation science research.

[0004] Currently, the sensors used in integrated fertigation systems monitor a limited number of parameters, generally only soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. These values ​​often deviate from actual conditions. Most integrated fertigation systems adjust the water-fertilizer ratio by first collecting soil information through sensors, such as soil conductivity, pH, and temperature and humidity. This monitoring process utilizes a variety of sensors, but due to inherent limitations in sensor accuracy, limited lifespans, and the risk of damage from prolonged exposure to humid environments, sensor data can deviate significantly from actual conditions, impacting the continued functioning of the integrated fertigation IoT system.

[0005] Different crops require different amounts of water and fertilizer at different stages of growth, and the same crop also has different requirements at different stages of growth. The crop's water and fertilizer needs can be viewed as a water and fertilizer model. An integrated water and fertilizer IoT system uses this model to implement irrigation and fertilization. However, this system typically irrigates and fertilizes multiple crops, each with its own unique water and fertilizer requirements. Furthermore, the water and fertilizer model can vary significantly for the same crop at different stages of growth.

[0006] The coordination issues between environmental information and water and fertilizer models are compounded by low precision in the fertilizer mixing algorithm and weak control system computing power, making it impossible to achieve multifunctional intelligent control. When the environmental factors affecting a crop's growth stage change, its water and fertilizer requirements will also change accordingly. This means that the water and fertilizer model will change, and the information monitored and collected by various sensors will change, thus affecting the decision-making system's judgment and decision-making.

[0007] Issues with unstable and erroneous data transmission. After sensors monitor data, the collected information needs to be transmitted to a computer for calculation and analysis. Data transmission typically occurs via wired or wireless methods. The data signal transmission process is susceptible to interference from numerous environmental factors, such as crop obstruction, wet soil, damage to wires or other transmission equipment, and damage to the receiving device. These disturbances can lead to poor transmission performance.

[0008] Therefore, the traditional concept of "water-saving irrigation" is not a fully scientific one. It only offers a vague concept of "quantity" without precise standards for "degree," thus failing to capture the true meaning of scientific irrigation. Precision irrigation (or precision irrigation) is an irrigation technology that truly aims to improve the effective utilization of water resources. It precisely controls large-scale irrigation based on monitoring crop water requirements and soil moisture. This not only achieves water conservation but also serves as an important means of increasing agricultural yield and quality by precisely regulating soil moisture while ensuring crop growth requirements. Furthermore, modern agricultural activities such as fertilization and pesticide application are increasingly integrated with irrigation. Therefore, precision large-scale irrigation is also a key measure to improve fertilizer and pesticide efficacy and reduce environmental pollution. In recent years, precision irrigation has garnered increasing attention, and its development has become a major research focus and hot topic in high-efficiency large-scale agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to achieve precision irrigation, and to provide a real-time remote monitoring method and system for soil moisture conditions for precision irrigation.

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Field investigation and analysis: The fields to be planted are divided into unit planting fields according to the terrain. A soil testing device is installed in each unit planting field to collect soil information of each layer of the soil profile of the unit planting field, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH information. At the same time, environmental data of the planting field is collected; Step 2: Based on the data collected in step 1, a simulated test field of the unit planting field is established in the laboratory, and suitable soil moisture control indicators for different crops are simulated and established; Step 3: In the simulated test field, based on the data obtained in step 2, each unit planting field is arranged, including: soil detection equipment, network transmission equipment, irrigation pipe network and irrigation control system arranged in each unit planting field, soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification tests to ensure that the data transmission is correct and the quantitative irrigation amount reaches the specified accuracy; Step 4: Move to the actual planting field for comprehensive installation and formal operation; during the field operation stage, people are on duty at the indoor computer console and the field test area for observation; indoor personnel use the geographic information system to process the collected soil moisture information, and compare it with the in-situ measurement results of field soil moisture according to the crop growth period and weather forecast, and correct the irrigation time and irrigation amount, and finally form an irrigation water prescription for different unit planting fields in the field.

[0011] Step 2 includes: Step 2.1: For each unit planting field, establish the soil water balance equation of the unit: P+I+CR=SR+DP+T-ΔSW; Wherein, T is crop transpiration; P is rainfall; I is irrigation volume; SR is surface runoff; DP is deep infiltration of soil water; CR is capillary water increase; ΔSW is the change in soil root zone moisture content; Step 2.2: Based on the established soil water balance equation, establish the optimal irrigation upper and lower limits and optimal irrigation amount model for each growth period of field crops. The model is as follows: The optimal irrigation amount I at depth z bz = SR+DP z *at+T-ΔSW-Y m -P Among them, DP z is the deep infiltration of soil water at depth z, a is the coefficient, and t is the irrigation time; Optimal irrigation limit I hiz =SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P +ΔP hi , Where ΔP hi is the maximum additional irrigation amount required for field crops during their i-th growth period, Y m is the amount of water inside the pipe in the mth unit planting field, and Y m =kx m +b, Where k,b are the calibration curve coefficients of the dielectric soil moisture sensor module, x m is the output value of the soil moisture sensor module in the soil detection device 3 in the m-th unit planting field, m=1, 2, ... n, n is the total number of measurements of the soil moisture sensor module in the m-th unit planting field; Optimal irrigation lower limit I liz = SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P -ΔP li , Where ΔP li is the maximum water shortage that field crops can withstand during their i-th growth period; Step 2.3: If the soil moisture control indicators of two adjacent unit planting fields are within the acceptable range, merge the corresponding two unit planting fields.

[0012] Step 3 includes: Step 3.1: Based on the depth of the soil detection device inserted in step 1, a soil detection device is still set at the same depth in the simulated test field, and the soil moisture and temperature of each layer of soil at depth z are collected; Step 3.2: Simulate the laying of irrigation pipe networks, network transmission devices, and irrigation control systems; Step 3.3: Based on the model established in step 2, simulate various parameters and perform corrections and debugging; Step 3.3.1: Select the crops to be planted; Step 3.3.2: Based on the conditions in the simulated experimental field and based on experience, hi , ΔP li , DP at each depth in each unit planting field z The value, a, and t parameters are pre-set; according to the model established in step 2, the optimal irrigation amount I at depth z is bz to carry out irrigation; Step 3.3.4: Based on the crop growth situation, conduct soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and transformation tests, and dynamically adjust various parameters. The precise irrigation amount cannot exceed the optimal irrigation limit I hiz , and not less than the optimal irrigation limit I liz , ensuring that data transmission is correct and the amount of quantitative irrigation reaches the specified accuracy.

[0013] A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture conditions for precision irrigation includes unit planting fields divided according to terrain, a soil detection device is installed in each unit planting field, and a network transmission device, irrigation pipe network and irrigation control system are laid. The soil detection device includes a hollow anchor rod, which is provided with several electrical interfaces along the height direction. Each electrical interface is connected to a soil layer detection support rod, and a soil layer sensor assembly is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod. The soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module and a temperature sensor. The soil moisture sensor module and temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer. Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated test field, including a main irrigation control pipe, a unit irrigation branch pipe located above the surface of each unit planting field, and deep irrigation micro-pipes located at the depth of each soil layer in the unit planting field; the main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micro-pipes at each layer; An on-off control valve is provided on the main irrigation control pipe, a proportional regulating valve is provided on the unit irrigation branch pipe, and a proportional regulating valve is provided on each deep irrigation micro-pipe; the on-off control valve and the proportional regulating valve are both connected to the irrigation control system; The depth of the deep irrigation micro-tube is the same as the depth of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device, that is, a deep irrigation micro-tube is set at the depth where each soil layer sensor component is located.

[0014] A spiral support frame is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod, and the soil moisture sensor module and the temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the spiral support frame; the spiral pile support frame is outer-circuited on the longitudinal mounting block, and the longitudinal mounting block is connected to the end of the soil layer detection support rod.

[0015] The network transmission device includes wired and wireless remote transmission systems.

[0016] The irrigation control system includes open circuit and closed circuit control systems.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: starting from extracting soil moisture information, the present invention uses wired control and wireless sensor network technologies to respectively establish an open-circuit automatic control system that starts and stops the irrigation system according to a preset time, and a closed-circuit automatic control system that determines the start and stop time of the irrigation system through sensor data feedback and software analysis. Irrigation is implemented through fixed sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation, thereby forming an intelligent and precise irrigation control network system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting field of the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the soil detection device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the electrical schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] Taking field crops as the research object, combining global positioning system, geographic information system and computer control technology, using independently developed soil moisture (soil moisture) sensing and Internet network transmission system, adopting an irrigation network system consisting of sprinkler irrigation (sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation) installed between crop rows and arranged in the field water pipes, real-time remote monitoring and forecasting of field soil moisture in different management units, and referring to the water demand patterns and weather forecasts of crop growth and development stages for timely and appropriate precision irrigation, to achieve intelligent monitoring of soil moisture in the entire growth and development process of crops.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a real-time remote monitoring method for soil moisture for precision irrigation includes the following steps: Step 1: Field investigation and analysis stage: For the field 1 to be actually planted, divide the unit planting fields 2 according to the terrain (the area of ​​each unit planting field can be equal or unequal, as long as it is divided according to the terrain), and set a soil detection device 3 in each unit planting field. The soil detection device 3 collects soil information of each layer of the soil profile of the unit planting field, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH information; at the same time, collects environmental data of the planting field, including rainfall, ambient temperature and humidity, etc.

[0023] The soil detection device 3 includes a hollow anchor rod 31, which is provided with several electrical interfaces 32 along the height direction. Each electrical interface 32 is connected to a soil layer detection support rod 33, and a soil layer sensor assembly is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod 33; the soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module 34 and a temperature sensor 35; the soil moisture sensor module and temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer.

[0024] Furthermore, a spiral support frame 36 is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod 33. The soil moisture sensor module 34 and the temperature sensor 35 are respectively mounted on this spiral support frame 36. It should be noted that the spiral support frame 36 is mounted on a longitudinal mounting block, which is connected to the end of the soil layer detection support rod 33. Furthermore, the spiral support frame 36 spirals along the soil height, allowing it to spiral into the soil as the hollow anchor rod 31 is screwed downward.

[0025] Step 2: Based on the data information collected in step 1, a simulated test field of the unit planting field is established in the laboratory, and suitable soil moisture control indicators for different crops (wheat, rice, corn, etc.) are simulated and established.

[0026] Step 2.1: For each unit planting field, establish the soil water balance equation of the unit: P+I+CR=SR+DP+T-ΔSW; (1) Where T is crop transpiration; P is rainfall; I is irrigation volume; SR is surface runoff; DP is deep infiltration of soil water; CR is capillary water increase; and ΔSW is the change in soil root zone moisture content.

[0027] Step 2.2: Soil moisture content, measured using soil dielectric theory and frequency domain methods, is measured by volume. This measurement is significantly influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Different crops have varying sensitivities to soil moisture at different growth stages, resulting in different optimal irrigation amounts. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal irrigation limits and amounts for each growth stage based on the crop's response to the soil moisture sensor and soil properties.

[0028] Therefore, based on the established soil water balance equation, the optimal irrigation upper and lower limits and optimal irrigation amount model for each growth period of field crops are established. The model is as follows: The optimal irrigation amount I at depth z bz = SR+DP z *at+T-ΔSW-Y m -P (2) Among them, DP z is the deep infiltration of soil water at depth z, a is the coefficient, and t is the irrigation time. Since the water infiltration at different depths is different, the time factor is considered.

[0029] Optimal irrigation limit I hiz =SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P +ΔP hi , (3) Where ΔP hiis the maximum additional irrigation amount required for field crops during their i-th growth period, Y m is the amount of water inside the pipe in the mth unit planting field, and Y m =kx m +b, (4) Where k,b are the calibration curve coefficients of the dielectric soil moisture sensor module, x m is the output value of the soil moisture sensor module 34 in the soil detection device 3 in the mth unit planting field, m=1, 2, ... n, and n is the total number of measurements of the soil moisture sensor module in the mth unit planting field.

[0030] Optimal irrigation lower limit I liz = SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P -ΔP li , (5) Where ΔP li is the maximum water shortage that field crops can withstand in their ith growth period.

[0031] Step 2.3: Preferably, if the soil moisture control indicators of two adjacent unit planting fields are within the acceptable range, the corresponding two unit planting fields are merged. In this way, the entire planting field can be accurately divided into planting fields with the same conditions, laying a good foundation for achieving precise control.

[0032] Step 3: In the simulated test field, according to the data obtained in step 2, each unit planting field is arranged, including: soil detection device 3, network transmission device, irrigation pipe network and irrigation control system arranged in each unit planting field, soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and transformation tests to ensure that the data transmission is correct and the amount of quantitative irrigation reaches the specified accuracy.

[0033] Step 3.1: Based on the depth of the soil detection device 3 inserted in step 1, the soil detection device 3 is still set at the same depth in the simulated test field, and the soil moisture and temperature of each layer of soil at depth z are collected; Step 3.2: Simulate the laying of irrigation pipe networks, network transmission devices, and irrigation control systems; Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated test field, including a main irrigation control pipe, a unit irrigation branch pipe located above the surface of each unit planting field 2, and a deep irrigation micro-pipe located at the depth of each soil layer of the unit planting field 2; the main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micro-pipe of each layer.

[0034] It should be noted that the main irrigation control pipe is equipped with an on-off control valve, the unit irrigation branch pipe is equipped with a proportional control valve, and each deep irrigation micro-pipe is equipped with a proportional control valve. The on-off control valve and proportional control valve are all connected to the irrigation control system.

[0035] In addition, the depth of the deep irrigation micro-tube is the same as the depth of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device 3, that is, a deep irrigation micro-tube is set at the depth of each soil layer sensor component.

[0036] Step 3.3: Based on the model established in step 2, simulate various parameters and perform corrections and debugging.

[0037] Step 3.3.1: Select the crops to be planted; Step 3.3.2: Based on the conditions in the simulated experimental field and based on experience, hi , ΔP li , DP at each depth in each unit planting field z The parameters such as value, a, t are pre-set; according to the model established in step 2, the optimal irrigation amount I at depth z is bz to carry out irrigation; Step 3.3.4: Based on the crop growth conditions, conduct debugging and modification tests for soil moisture data collection, data transmission, and quantitative irrigation, and dynamically adjust various parameters to ensure that data transmission is correct and the amount of quantitative irrigation reaches the specified accuracy.

[0038] Step 4: Move to the actual planting field 1 for comprehensive installation and formal operation. During the field operation stage, people are on duty at the indoor computer console and the field test area for observation. Indoor personnel process the collected soil moisture information using a geographic information system, and compare it with the in-situ measurement results of field soil moisture based on the crop growth period and weather forecast, and correct the irrigation time and irrigation amount, and finally form an irrigation water prescription for different unit planting fields 2 in the field. In this irrigation water prescription, the present invention not only performs precise irrigation for different unit planting fields, but also can achieve precise irrigation for different depths of a unit planting field.

[0039] A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation includes unit planting fields 2 divided according to terrain, a soil detection device 3 is set in each unit planting field 2; and a network transmission device, an irrigation pipe network and an irrigation control system are laid.

[0040] The soil detection device 3 includes a hollow anchor rod 31, which is provided with several electrical interfaces 32 along its height. Each electrical interface 32 is connected to a soil layer detection support rod 33, at the end of which a soil layer sensor assembly is provided. The soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module 34 and a temperature sensor 35. The soil moisture sensor module and temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer. Because the position of the electrical interface 32 within the hollow anchor rod 31 is fixed, the depth difference between the soil layer sensor assemblies at different depths is also fixed. This is useful for determining the deep infiltration of soil moisture at a specific depth. Once the insertion depth of the soil detection device 3 is determined, the depth of the soil layer sensor assemblies at each layer is also determined.

[0041] Furthermore, a spiral support frame 36 is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod 33. The soil moisture sensor module 34 and the temperature sensor 35 are respectively mounted on this spiral support frame 36. It should be noted that the spiral support frame 36 is mounted on a longitudinal mounting block, which is connected to the end of the soil layer detection support rod 33. Furthermore, the spiral support frame 36 spirals along the soil height, allowing it to spiral into the soil as the hollow anchor rod 31 is screwed downward.

[0042] Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated test field, including a main irrigation control pipe, a unit irrigation branch pipe located above the surface of each unit planting field 2, and a deep irrigation micro-pipe located at the depth of each soil layer of the unit planting field 2; the main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micro-pipe of each layer.

[0043] It should be noted that the main irrigation control pipe is equipped with an on-off control valve, the unit irrigation branch pipe is equipped with a proportional control valve, and each deep irrigation micro-pipe is equipped with a proportional control valve. The on-off control valve and proportional control valve are all connected to the control system.

[0044] In addition, the depth of the deep irrigation micro-tube is the same as the depth of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device 3, that is, a deep irrigation micro-tube is set at the depth of each soil layer sensor component.

[0045] The network transmission device includes both wired and wireless remote transmission systems. Based on the networking method, network transmission devices can be further divided into wired and wireless transmission control systems. Wired transmission control systems utilize wired connections from the soil moisture sensor module 34 to the irrigation control. This system offers advantages such as high control accuracy, good reliability, and fast response speed, but it also has disadvantages such as heavy wiring workload and high cost. Wireless remote transmission systems utilize wireless remote transmission of the soil moisture sensor module 34 and the irrigation controller (using an RS485 interface and standard communication protocol), interconnected with an information network to form a remote monitoring system. This truly achieves automated and precise precision irrigation, offering advantages such as minimal installation effort and strong adaptability. However, this system suffers from slower data transmission response speeds. Therefore, it is necessary to establish two precision irrigation technology systems based on wired and wireless remote transmission to meet different user needs.

[0046] The irrigation control system described above includes both open-circuit and closed-circuit control systems. Based on their composition and feedback mechanisms, these systems can be categorized as either open-circuit or closed-circuit. Open-circuit systems activate and deactivate individual control valves within the irrigation network according to pre-set schedules. Closed-circuit systems, however, utilize sensor data feedback and the model established by the present invention to control the irrigation system's activation and deactivation times, as well as the adjustment ratios and switching of individual valves. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a precision irrigation technology system for major crops that utilizes both control systems.

[0047] It should be noted that selecting a switching circuit for open-circuit control or closed-circuit control is a prior art.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time remote monitoring method for soil moisture for precision irrigation, characterized by: The steps include: Step 1: Field investigation and analysis phase: For the field to be actually planted (1), divide the planting field into unit fields according to the terrain (2), and set up a soil detection device (3) in each unit planting field. The soil detection device (3) collects soil information of each layer of the soil profile of the unit planting field, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH information; at the same time, collects environmental data of the planting field; Step 2: Based on the data collected in step 1, a simulated test field of the unit planting field is established in the laboratory, and suitable soil moisture control indicators for different crops are simulated and established; Step 3: In the simulated test field, according to the data obtained in step 2, each unit planting field is arranged, including: soil detection devices (3), network transmission devices, irrigation pipe networks and irrigation control systems arranged in each unit planting field, soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and transformation tests are carried out to ensure that the data transmission is correct and the amount of quantitative irrigation reaches the specified accuracy; Step 4: Move to the actual planting field (1) for full installation and formal operation; during the field operation stage, people are on duty at the indoor computer console and the field test area for observation; indoor personnel use the geographic information system to process the collected soil moisture information, and compare it with the in-situ measurement results of field soil moisture according to the crop growth period and weather forecast, and correct the irrigation time and irrigation amount, and finally form the irrigation water prescription for different unit planting fields (2) in the field.

2. The method for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2 includes: Step 2.1: For each unit planting field, establish the soil water balance equation of the unit: P+I+CR=SR+DP+T-ΔSW; Wherein, T is crop transpiration; P is rainfall; I is irrigation volume; SR is surface runoff; DP is deep infiltration of soil water; CR is capillary water increase; ΔSW is the change in soil root zone moisture content; Step 2.2: Based on the established soil water balance equation, establish the optimal irrigation upper and lower limits and optimal irrigation amount model for each growth period of field crops. The model is as follows: The optimal irrigation amount I at depth z bz = SR+DP z *at+T-ΔSW-Y m -P Among them, DP z is the deep infiltration of soil water at depth z, a is the coefficient, and t is the irrigation time; Optimal irrigation limit I hiz =SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P +ΔP hi , Where ΔP hi is the maximum additional irrigation amount required for field crops during their i-th growth period, Y m is the amount of water inside the pipe in the mth unit planting field, and Y m =kx m +b, Where k,b are the calibration curve coefficients of the dielectric soil moisture sensor module, x m is the output value of the soil moisture sensor module in the soil detection device 3 in the m-th unit planting field, m=1, 2, ... n, n is the total number of measurements of the soil moisture sensor module in the m-th unit planting field; Optimal irrigation lower limit I liz = SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P -ΔP li , Where ΔP li is the maximum water shortage that field crops can withstand during their i-th growth period; Step 2.3: If the soil moisture control indicators of two adjacent unit planting fields are within the acceptable range, merge the corresponding two unit planting fields.

3. The method for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3 includes: Step 3.1: Based on the depth of the soil detection device (3) inserted in step 1, the soil detection device (3) is still set at the same depth in the simulated test field, and the soil moisture and temperature of each layer of soil at the depth z are collected; Step 3.2: Simulate the laying of irrigation pipe networks, network transmission devices, and irrigation control systems; Step 3.3: Based on the model established in step 2, simulate various parameters and perform corrections and debugging; Step 3.3.1: Select the crops to be planted; Step 3.3.2: Based on the conditions in the simulated experimental field and based on experience, hi , ΔP li , DP at each depth in each unit planting field z The value, a, and t parameters are pre-set; according to the model established in step 2, the optimal irrigation amount I at depth z is bz to carry out irrigation; Step 3.3.4: Based on the crop growth conditions, conduct debugging and modification tests for soil moisture data collection, data transmission, and quantitative irrigation, and dynamically adjust various parameters to ensure that data transmission is correct and the amount of quantitative irrigation reaches the specified accuracy.

4. A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation, characterized by: The invention comprises unit planting fields (2) divided according to the terrain, and a soil detection device (3) is set in each unit planting field (2); and a network transmission device, an irrigation pipe network and an irrigation control system are laid; the irrigation control system adopts the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3; The soil detection device (3) comprises a hollow anchor rod (31), the hollow anchor rod (31) is provided with a plurality of electrical interfaces (32) along the height direction, each electrical interface (32) is connected to a soil layer detection support rod (33), and a soil layer sensor assembly is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod (33); the soil layer sensor assembly comprises a soil moisture sensor module (34) and a temperature sensor (35); the soil moisture sensor module and the temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer; Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated test field, the irrigation pipes including a main irrigation control pipe, a unit irrigation branch pipe located above the surface of each unit planting field (2), and a deep irrigation micro-pipe located at the depth of each soil layer of the unit planting field (2); the main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micro-pipe of each layer; An on-off control valve is provided on the main irrigation control pipe, a proportional regulating valve is provided on the unit irrigation branch pipe, and a proportional regulating valve is provided on each deep irrigation micro-pipe; the on-off control valve and the proportional regulating valve are both connected to the irrigation control system; The depth of the deep irrigation micro-tube is the same as the depth of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device (3), that is, a deep irrigation micro-tube is set at the depth where the soil layer sensor components are located.

5. The real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A spiral support frame (36) is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod (33), and a soil moisture sensor module (34) and a temperature sensor (35) are respectively provided on the spiral support frame (36); the spiral pile support frame (36) is sheathed on a longitudinal mounting block, and the longitudinal mounting block is connected to the end of the soil layer detection support rod (33).

6. The real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The network transmission device includes wired and wireless remote transmission systems.

7. The real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The irrigation control system includes open circuit and closed circuit control systems.

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