Mechanized small-section non-pillar and non-sill-pillar continuous mining method

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanized small-section non-pillar and non-sill-pillar continuous mining method, which comprises the following steps of: dividing a steeply inclined thin ore body with medium stability and above in ore rock into a plurality of small sections along the trend, reserving a top pillar and a chamber in each section, not reserving a pillar and a sill pillar, and dividing the chamber into a plurality of small sections by a section rock drilling roadway; determining ore block structure parameter reference empirical values; medium-length hole continuous ore breaking is carried out in a mode that the upper section is ahead of the lower section in sequence; and the fallen ores are loaded and transported out by mechanical shoveling and loading equipment at the bottom of the stope through an ore removal roadway and a stage transportation roadway. The method has the advantages that the ore block structure type is simple, workers do not enter a stope goaf for operation, the ore breaking efficiency is highly matched with the ore removal capacity, and the ore block production capacity is large.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for underground continuous mining of metal mines, in particular to a mechanized small-segment continuous mining method without intermediate pillars or bottom pillars, which is suitable for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies with moderate or higher stability. Background Art

[0002] For the mining of ore bodies with medium or higher surrounding rock stability, with an inclination greater than 55° and a thickness less than 4m, the traditional shallow hole ore retention method and wall cutting and filling mining method are currently mainly used at home and abroad. When the shallow hole ore retention method is used, workers entering the mine are often injured or killed due to loosening of the ore body, falling, or spalling of the rock. In addition, the leveling work is heavy, and a large amount of ore is piled up in the mine, resulting in an unsmooth ore circulation process and a large amount of capital backlog in the mine. When the ore body thickness is less than 0.8m, the wall cutting and filling mining method is used. At this time, the workers entering the goaf for stacking and filling are faced with heavy labor and low production efficiency, and there is still the same risk of injury and death as the ore retention method. In addition, the operation process during the mine recovery is complex, the production efficiency is low, and the filling process requires the laying of high-quality pads, which consumes a lot of materials.

[0003] According to the Mining Design Manual and the Mining Manual, shallow hole ore retention and cut-and-fill mining methods have low block production capacity and high ore recovery rates. The block production capacities for these two mining methods range from 45 to 70 tons per day and 7 to 30 tons per day, respectively, with ore recovery rates of 85.8 to 96.5% and 68 to 95%, respectively. Both mining methods require personnel to enter open areas, posing a high risk. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of traditional mining methods for steeply inclined, extremely thin to moderately stable or higher rock masses, which suffer from low block production capacity and high worker risk, this paper proposes a mechanized, small-segment, pillarless, and continuous mining method. This "pillar-less" design simplifies the block structure, improves block production capacity, and ensures worker safety. This new mining method utilizes a small-segment, backward, continuous medium-deep hole drop method, which offers greater efficiency and safety compared to the shallow hole drop methods of the shallow hole retention method and the wall-cut-and-fill mining method.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is to propose a mechanized small-segment continuous mining method without pillars or bottom pillars, which includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Ore block division: Divide the steeply inclined thin ore body with moderate stability or above into several small stages along the strike direction. Leave the top pillar and the mine room in each stage, without the intermediate pillar and bottom pillar. The mine room is divided into several small sections by the segmented rock drilling tunnel;

[0007] (2) Mining and cutting: excavate a pedestrian ventilation shaft from the stage transport tunnel to connect with the previous stage; excavate several stope connecting roads from the pedestrian ventilation shaft into the ore body according to the determined small segment height, and reach the ore body; in the ore body, from the end of the stope connecting road, excavate several segmented rock drilling tunnels along the direction of the ore body; at the first mining end of each segmented rock drilling tunnel, excavate a small cutting shaft upward; in the stage transport tunnel, excavate several mine exit tunnels at regular intervals to the bottom of the stage to connect with the stope for ore exit;

[0008] (3) Mining: Using the cut well as the blasting compensation space, upward medium-deep holes are drilled in the segmented rock drilling tunnel, and 3 to 6 rows of blast holes are blasted in each cycle; in each stage, the upper segment advances the lower segment in turn and continuously drops ore in the medium-deep holes, and the advance distance should be greater than one blasting cycle; during the mining process, the small segments in the mining area are arranged in a stepped manner as a whole; the ore dropped in the mining area is loaded and transported out of the mining area by mechanized shoveling equipment through the mining tunnel and the stage transportation tunnel; during the mining process, a small amount of ore is temporarily retained in the mining area as a buffer layer for subsequent ore drops.

[0009] The structural parameters of the ore block described in step (1) are in the following ranges: small stage height is 30-50 m; top pillar thickness is 6-8 m; ore block length is 50-70 m; the ore room is divided into 3-5 small sections, and the height of the small sections is 8-12 m.

[0010] The specifications of the stage transport tunnel described in step (2) are 3.2m×2.8m, the specifications of the stope connecting road are 2.5m×2.8m, the specifications of the segmented rock drilling tunnel are 2.5m×2.8m, the specifications of the pedestrian ventilation shaft are 2.5m×2.5m, the specifications of the cutting well are 2m×2m, and the specifications of the mine exit tunnel are 3.8m×2.8m.

[0011] The spacing between the blasthole rows in step (3) is 0.8 to 1.2 m, the hole depth is 5 to 10 m, and the distance between the upper segment and the lower segment is 6 to 8 m.

[0012] The thickness of the cushion layer in step (3) is more than 4 m, mainly to prevent the impact of falling ore on the mining equipment and workers in the mining tunnel.

[0013] When the thickness of the ore body is less than 0.8m, the present invention needs to recover part of the surrounding rock. At this time, it is necessary to use the mine's waste sorting system to screen the ore and waste rock.

[0014] The technical advantages of the present invention are:

[0015] (1) The ore body is divided into several small stages along the strike direction. Top pillars and mine rooms are left in each stage, but no intermediate pillars and bottom pillars are left. The ore block structure is simple.

[0016] (2) The continuous ore dropping method with small segments and backward movement is adopted, which has high ore dropping efficiency.

[0017] (3) It adopts a flat bottom structure and mechanized shoveling equipment, with high ore discharge capacity.

[0018] (4) The ore-dropping efficiency is highly matched with the ore-discharging capacity, which greatly improves the ore block production capacity.

[0019] (5) The operating personnel do not enter the empty area of ​​the mining site, and their personal safety is guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a main view (three small stages) of the mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method described in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a side view of the mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method described in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of the mechanized small-segment, pillar-less and bottom-pillar-less continuous mining method described in the present invention.

[0023] The markings in the figure are: stage transportation tunnel 1, pedestrian ventilation shaft 2, stope connecting road 3, ore body 4, segmented rock drilling tunnel 5, mine exit tunnel 6, top pillar 7, blast hole 8, and collapsed ore 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes and improvements made based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an application example of the mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method of the present invention is used for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies with moderate or higher stability, including the following steps:

[0027] (1) Ore block division: The ore body is 3.5m thick, with a dip of 60°, a stage height of 40m, a block length of 50m, and a top pillar thickness of 7m. The mine room is divided into three small steps, each with a height of 11m. The small steps are arranged along the strike of the ore body.

[0028] (2) Mining and cutting: 16.5m beyond the boundary of the lower stage ore body, a 3.2m×2.8m stage transportation tunnel 1 is excavated, and a 2.5m×2.5m pedestrian ventilation shaft 2 is excavated from the stage transportation tunnel 1 to the ore body at intervals of 55m to connect with the previous stage; three 2.5m×2.8m stope connecting tunnels 3 are excavated from the pedestrian ventilation shaft 2 into the ore body and reach the ore body; from the end of the stope connecting tunnel 3, three 2.5m×2.8m segmented rock drilling tunnels 5 are excavated along the direction of the ore body, and a 2m×2m cutting shaft is excavated upward at the first mining end of each segmented rock drilling tunnel 5; three 3.8m×2.8m mining tunnels 6 are excavated every 12.5m to the bottom of the stage in the stage transportation tunnel 1 to connect with the stope for mining;

[0029] (3) Mining: Using the cut well as the blasting compensation space, a YGZ-90 drilling rig is used in the segmented rock drilling tunnel 5 to drill an upward medium-deep hole 8 with a diameter of 60mm and a depth of 8.3m. The blast holes are arranged in parallel with a spacing of 1m, and 6 rows of blast holes are blasted in each cycle. During each stage, the upper segment advances the lower segment in turn and continuously drops ore in the medium-deep hole, with an advance distance of 7m. During the mining process, the small segments in the mining area are arranged in a stepped manner. During a stage of the mining process, the upper segment is drilled, the middle segment is drilled or dropped, and the lower segment is mined from the mining tunnel by the ZWY-60 scraper. After each cycle of ore body blasting is completed, the ore 9 dropped in the mining area is loaded and transported out of the mining tunnel 6 and the stage transportation tunnel 1 by mechanized shoveling equipment. During the mining process, a thickness of ore of more than 3m is temporarily left in the mining area as a buffer layer for subsequent ore dropping.

Claims

1. A mechanized small-segment continuous mining method without pillars or bottom pillars, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Ore block division: Divide the steeply inclined thin ore body with moderate stability or above into several small stages along the strike direction. Leave the top pillar and the mine room in each stage, without the intermediate pillar and bottom pillar. The mine room is divided into several small sections by the segmented rock drilling tunnel; (2) Mining and cutting: excavate a pedestrian ventilation shaft from the stage transport tunnel to connect the previous stage; according to the determined small segment height, excavate several stope connecting roads from the pedestrian ventilation shaft into the ore body and reach the ore body. In the ore body, excavate several segmented rock drilling tunnels along the ore body from the end of the stope connecting road. At the first mining end of each segmented rock drilling tunnel, excavate a small cutting shaft upward. In the stage transport tunnel, excavate several mine exit tunnels at regular intervals to the bottom of the stage to connect the stope for ore exit; (3) Mining: Using the cut well as the blasting compensation space, upward medium-deep holes are drilled in the segmented rock drilling tunnels, and 3 to 6 rows of blast holes are blasted in each cycle. During the stage, the upper segment advances the lower segment in turn and continuously drops ore in the medium-deep holes in a backward manner. The advance distance is greater than one blasting cycle. During the mining process, the small segments in the mining area are arranged in a stepped manner as a whole. The ore dropped in the mining area is loaded and transported out by mechanized shoveling equipment through the mining tunnel and the stage transportation tunnel. During the mining process, a small amount of ore is temporarily retained in the mining area as a buffer layer for subsequent ore drops.

2. The mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ore block described in step (1) has the following structural parameters: small stage height of 30-50 m, top pillar thickness of 6-8 m, ore block length of 50-70 m, the ore room is divided into 3-5 small sections, and the height of the small sections is 8-12 m.

3. The mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specifications of the stage transport tunnel described in step (2) are 3.2m×2.8m, the specifications of the stope connecting road are 2.5m×2.8m, the specifications of the segmented rock drilling tunnel are 2.5m×2.8m, the specifications of the pedestrian ventilation shaft are 2.5m×2.5m, the specifications of the cutting well are 2m×2m, and the specifications of the mine exit tunnel are 3.8m×2.8m.

4. The mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spacing between the blasthole rows in step (3) is 0.8 to 1.2 m, the hole depth is 5 to 10 m, and the distance between the upper segment and the lower segment is 6 to 8 m.

5. The mechanized small-segment pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the cushion layer described in step (3) is more than 4m.

6. The mechanized small-segment, pillarless and bottom-pillarless continuous mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the thickness of the ore body is less than 0.8m, part of the surrounding rock needs to be mined. At this time, the mine's waste sorting system is needed to screen the ore and waste rock.

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