A ground groove type planting cultivation management system applied to a greenhouse

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of to be applied to greenhouse's ground groove type planting cultivation management system, belong to crop planting technical field, specifically include: parameter acquisition module, for real-time monitoring root system's fertilizer absorption behavior in planting groove, planting groove is laid with composite film, obtains root system metabolic activity parameter by non-invasive sensing technology;Demand division module, for dividing seedling stage, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period according to crop growth stage, establishes the differentiated demand model of root system water absorption and fertilizer absorption in each stage;Instruction generation module, for constructing drainage frequency self-adaptive adjustment strategy, carries out multidimensional correlation analysis to root system metabolic activity parameter, substrate osmotic pressure and environmental evaporation rate, generates the drainage timing control instruction matched with growth stage;Drainage control module, for according to the drainage timing control instruction, planting groove bottom is placed with perforated drainage blind pipe, through subarea gradient control the collaborative action of drain valve group;The application realizes scientific drainage management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a trough-type planting and cultivation management system applied in greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of accelerated global agricultural modernization, greenhouse cultivation, as a highly efficient agricultural production method, is playing an increasingly important role. Greenhouse cultivation allows for precise control of the crop growth environment, effectively reducing the constraints of natural environmental factors, greatly improving crop yield and quality, and meeting the market's demand for diversified and high-quality agricultural products, thus occupying a key position in the modern agricultural system.

[0003] As greenhouse cultivation technology continues to develop, trench cultivation has gradually emerged as an innovative cultivation model. It creates favorable conditions for crop growth by making rational use of greenhouse space and optimizing soil structure and water and nutrient management. Currently, trench cultivation has been applied to the cultivation of various crops. Some greenhouses have adopted basic irrigation and fertilization systems to meet the crop growth needs, while others utilize simple sensors to monitor environmental parameters.

[0004] However, existing trench-type planting and cultivation management systems are relatively crude in terms of drainage management. The setting of drainage frequency and duration often lacks scientific basis and cannot achieve adaptive adjustment, which can easily lead to nutrient loss or poor substrate permeability, affecting crop growth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses, solving the following technical problems:

[0006] Existing trench-type planting and cultivation management systems are relatively crude in terms of drainage management. The settings for drainage frequency and duration often lack scientific basis and cannot achieve adaptive adjustment.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses includes:

[0009] The parameter acquisition module is used to monitor the spatial distribution characteristics of root nutrient uptake behavior in the planting trough in real time and obtain root metabolic activity parameters through non-invasive sensing technology.

[0010] The demand segmentation module is used to divide crops into seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage according to their growth stages, and to establish a differentiated demand model for root water and fertilizer absorption at each stage.

[0011] The instruction generation module is used to construct an adaptive adjustment strategy for drainage frequency. It performs multi-dimensional correlation analysis on root metabolic activity parameters, matrix osmotic pressure and environmental evaporation rate to generate drainage timing control instructions that match the growth stage.

[0012] The drainage control module is used to coordinate the operation of the drainage valve group by controlling the drainage timing control command in different areas.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the parameter acquisition module specifically includes:

[0014] A flexible bioimpedance sensor network was deployed in the substrate of the planting trough to detect the periodic changes in root cell membrane potential and to invert the spatial gradient distribution of root nutrient uptake rate.

[0015] Simultaneously collect oxygen concentration gradient data of the underground rhizosphere microenvironment, and calculate the spatiotemporal variation of root respiration intensity by combining gas diffusion rate.

[0016] After fusing bioimpedance data with oxygen concentration gradient data, a three-dimensional dynamic map of root nutrient uptake activity is generated, marking the boundary between high-activity and low-activity regions.

[0017] The sensor network is arranged at equal intervals along the length of the planting trough, and the detection range of each sensor node covers the intersection area of ​​adjacent root systems.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: the growth stage division in the demand partitioning module specifically includes:

[0019] The seedling stage is determined based on the differentiation rate of epidermal cells in the new root system and the cumulative trend of the initial density of root hairs. The cell division frequency of the root tip meristem is detected by microscopic image analysis technology.

[0020] The determination of the vegetative growth period is based on the coordinated change characteristics of the axial extension rate of the main root and the branching angle of the lateral roots. The geometric parameters of the root system topology are quantified using a three-dimensional point cloud reconstruction algorithm.

[0021] The determination of the reproductive growth stage is based on the slowing growth rate of capillary root surface area and the phased changes in the composition of root tip exudates. Specific metabolic markers in the exudates are identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[0022] As a further aspect of the present invention: the adaptive adjustment strategy for drainage frequency specifically includes:

[0023] During the seedling stage, a low-frequency, long-cycle drainage mode is adopted to extend the nutrient solution retention time to match the root system's absorption rate of initial nutrients.

[0024] During the vegetative growth period, the system switches to a pulsed high-frequency drainage mode, dynamically adjusting the drainage interval based on the intensity of canopy photosynthesis to respond to the driving effect of light intensity changes on transpiration.

[0025] During the reproductive growth period, a diurnal time-sharing regulation strategy is adopted, with the daytime drainage frequency and transpiration rate changing synchronously during the day, and the drainage trigger threshold adjusted at night based on the root respiration and metabolism intensity.

[0026] The trigger condition for switching between each stage is that the root biomass distribution entropy value reaches a preset critical state.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention: the generation of the drainage timing control command includes:

[0028] The duration of a single drainage cycle is dynamically allocated based on the distribution density of the high-activity root zone, with the drainage duration shortened in high-density zones to match the local nutrient absorption rate.

[0029] The critical drainage initiation time is calculated based on real-time monitoring of matrix pore water pressure data. Drainage action is triggered when the pore water pressure reaches the root water absorption resistance threshold.

[0030] Maintaining a negative pressure gradient in the substrate between adjacent drainage cycles helps to balance the nutrient acquisition efficiency of roots at different depths through capillary action.

[0031] The pore water pressure is detected using distributed optical fiber sensing technology, with a micro-bend modulated pressure sensor array arranged longitudinally along the planting trough.

[0032] As a further aspect of the present invention: in the drainage control module, the regional gradient control specifically includes:

[0033] The planting trough is divided into several independent control units along its length, and each unit is equipped with a drainage actuator with logical connections.

[0034] Based on the nutrient absorption activity ranking of each unit in the three-dimensional dynamic map, the drainage priority is dynamically adjusted, with units with higher activity being given priority in starting drainage.

[0035] A hydraulic buffer transition zone is set between adjacent units, and the disturbance of water flow impact on the matrix structure is reduced by a progressive opening and closing drainage actuator;

[0036] The division of the independent regulatory units is based on the cluster analysis results of root biomass distribution.

[0037] As a further aspect of the present invention: the dynamic drainage control method includes:

[0038] Real-time detection of concentration changes of specific metabolites in the rhizosphere microenvironment; when the concentration gradient exceeds the preset range, dynamic correction of the drainage strategy in the corresponding area is triggered.

[0039] Injecting a gas-liquid mixture into the low root activity zone promotes radial diffusion of the retained nutrient solution through microbubble oscillation.

[0040] When the difference in nutrient absorption rate between adjacent areas is detected to be widening, the cross-circulation drainage mode is activated to restore the balance of substrate nutrient distribution.

[0041] The detection of the metabolites employs an electrochemical sensor array, with the electrode surface modified with molecularly imprinted polymers to enhance selectivity.

[0042] As a further aspect of the present invention: the implementation logic of the dynamic correction mechanism includes:

[0043] A multispectral component analysis device is installed at the drainage outlet to analyze the loss ratio of key nutrients in the effluent in real time.

[0044] Based on the degree of deviation between the loss ratio and the current growth stage requirements, the upper limit of the drainage frequency for the next cycle is adjusted in reverse.

[0045] By combining historical metabolic activity data to train a time series prediction model, an optimized parameter set for drainage strategies in future periods can be generated in advance.

[0046] The multispectral component analysis device operates in the visible to near-infrared region and uses a partial least squares regression algorithm to analyze spectral features.

[0047] As a further aspect of the present invention: the method for constructing the time series prediction model is specifically as follows:

[0048] Establish a coupling correlation matrix between environmental factors and root nutrient uptake rate, screen the dominant influencing factors and quantify their weight coefficients;

[0049] Based on the trend of metabolic activity changes within a sliding time window, an adaptive filtering algorithm is used to extract key temporal features of drainage regulation.

[0050] When a sudden change in external environmental parameters is predicted, a dynamic compensation node is inserted and the phase synchronization relationship of the drainage command is recalculated.

[0051] The coupling correlation matrix was constructed using grey relational analysis, and the contribution weight of each factor was determined using the entropy weight method.

[0052] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0053] This invention utilizes a parameter acquisition module to monitor the spatial distribution characteristics and metabolic activity parameters of root nutrient uptake behavior in real time, providing a basis for precise regulation. A demand segmentation module establishes differentiated demand models based on crop growth stages, making drainage management more targeted. An instruction generation module constructs an adaptive adjustment strategy for drainage frequency, generating drainage timing control instructions by integrating multiple dimensions to achieve scientific drainage management. A drainage control module uses regional gradient control of drainage valve groups to reduce the disturbance of water flow impact on the substrate structure and ensure substrate permeability. These key technical features effectively solve the problems of existing trench-type planting and cultivation management systems, such as extensive drainage management, lack of scientific basis, inability to adaptively adjust, and susceptibility to nutrient loss and poor substrate permeability, thereby improving crop growth quality and yield. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modules of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention is a trough-type planting and cultivation management system applied in greenhouses, comprising:

[0059] The parameter acquisition module utilizes non-invasive sensing technology to monitor the spatial distribution characteristics of root nutrient uptake behavior in the planting trough in real time, acquiring root metabolic activity parameters. Specifically, a flexible bioimpedance sensor network is deployed in the planting trough substrate to detect periodic changes in root cell membrane potential and invert the spatial gradient distribution of root nutrient uptake rate; simultaneously, oxygen concentration gradient data of the underground rhizosphere microenvironment is acquired, and the spatiotemporal variation of root respiration intensity is calculated by combining gas diffusion rate; the bioimpedance data and oxygen concentration gradient data are fused to generate a three-dimensional dynamic map of root nutrient uptake activity, marking the boundary between high-activity and low-activity areas.

[0060] The demand segmentation module, based on crop growth stages, uses specific technologies to divide the seedling stage, vegetative growth stage, and reproductive growth stage, establishing differentiated demand models for root water and fertilizer absorption at each stage. Specifically, seedling stage determination is based on the cumulative trend of epidermal cell differentiation rate and initial root hair density in newly formed roots, using microscopic image analysis to detect cell division frequency in root tip meristems; vegetative growth stage determination is based on the synergistic changes in the axial extension rate of the taproot and the branching angle of lateral roots, using a 3D point cloud reconstruction algorithm to quantify the geometric parameters of the root topology; reproductive growth stage determination is based on the slowing growth rate of capillary root surface area accompanied by a phased transformation of root tip exudate composition, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify specific metabolic markers in the exudates.

[0061] The instruction generation module constructs an adaptive adjustment strategy for drainage frequency, performing multi-dimensional correlation analysis on root metabolic activity parameters, substrate osmotic pressure, and environmental evaporation rate to generate drainage timing control instructions matched to crop growth stages. A low-frequency, long-cycle drainage mode is used during the seedling stage; during the vegetative growth stage, a pulsed, high-frequency drainage mode is switched, with the drainage interval dynamically adjusted based on canopy photosynthetic intensity; during the reproductive growth stage, a diurnal time-sharing control strategy is implemented, with daytime drainage frequency changing synchronously with transpiration rate, and nighttime drainage trigger threshold adjusted based on root respiration and metabolic intensity; the trigger condition for switching at each stage is that the root biomass distribution entropy reaches a preset critical state. Furthermore, the duration of each drainage cycle is dynamically allocated based on the distribution density of high-activity root areas; the critical drainage initiation timing is calculated based on real-time monitored substrate pore water pressure data, and a distributed fiber optic sensing technology is used to deploy a micro-bend modulated pressure sensor array along the longitudinal direction of the planting trough to detect pore water pressure; a negative substrate pressure gradient is maintained between adjacent drainage cycles.

[0062] The drainage control module, based on drainage timing control commands, coordinates the operation of drainage valve groups through regional gradient control. The planting trough is divided along its length into several independent control units, based on cluster analysis results of root biomass distribution. Each unit is equipped with a logically linked drainage actuator. Drainage priority is dynamically adjusted according to the nutrient uptake activity ranking of each unit in a three-dimensional dynamic map. A hydraulic buffer transition zone is set between adjacent units, and the gradual opening and closing of the drainage actuators reduces the disturbance of water flow impact on the substrate structure.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the parameter acquisition module plays a crucial role in acquiring accurate data, providing an important basis for subsequent planting and cultivation management. Specifically, it carefully deploys a flexible bioimpedance sensor network in the planting trough substrate. This sensor network is made of a special flexible material, which can better adapt to the complex environment within the planting trough and will not cause physical interference to root growth. Through it, the periodic changes in root cell membrane potential can be detected in real time. Changes in cell membrane potential contain important information about root physiological activities. Studies have shown that the root nutrient uptake process causes changes in cell membrane potential. Therefore, through in-depth analysis of these periodic change data and inversion using specific algorithms, the spatial gradient distribution of root nutrient uptake rate can be obtained. This distribution can visually demonstrate the differences in root nutrient uptake rate at different locations in the planting trough, helping growers understand the hot and cold spots of nutrient absorption.

[0064] Simultaneously, this module also collects oxygen concentration gradient data of the underground rhizosphere microenvironment. The rhizosphere microenvironment is the direct site of root growth and activity, and oxygen concentration is crucial for root respiration. Using specialized oxygen concentration detection equipment, oxygen concentration gradient data at different depths and locations are acquired, and combined with gas diffusion rates, relevant mathematical models are used to calculate the spatiotemporal variation of root respiration intensity. Understanding the changes in root respiration intensity helps determine the health status of the root system and its potential impact on nutrient absorption.

[0065] Next, the bioimpedance data and oxygen concentration gradient data were fused. This fusion was not a simple data overlay, but rather a complex algorithm that correlated and integrated two different types of data. The final result was a three-dimensional dynamic map of root nutrient uptake activity. This map, presented in an intuitive three-dimensional format, not only shows the degree of root nutrient uptake activity at different spatial locations, but also updates dynamically over time, reflecting changes in nutrient uptake activity. The map clearly marks the boundaries between high-activity and low-activity areas, providing clear guidance for subsequent targeted management measures.

[0066] Furthermore, the sensor network is meticulously designed with equal spacing along the length of the planting trough. This arrangement ensures uniform distribution of sensors within the trough, avoiding blind spots. Moreover, the detection range of each sensor node is precisely calculated to cover the intersection areas of adjacent root systems. This ensures that the sensors can acquire information about the interaction areas between root systems, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0067] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the demand segmentation module lays the foundation for precise cultivation management through fine-grained division of growth stages. A series of advanced and scientific technical means are employed in dividing the crop growth stages.

[0068] The determination of the seedling stage is mainly based on the differentiation rate of epidermal cells in newly formed roots and the cumulative trend of initial root hair density. The differentiation of epidermal cells and the growth of root hairs are important characteristics of root development in the seedling stage, directly affecting the root system's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Microscopic image analysis technology is used to detect the cell division frequency of the root tip meristem. Images of the root tip meristem are captured using a high-powered microscope, and then image analysis software is used to quantify cell division, thereby accurately obtaining the cell division frequency. This data can intuitively reflect the growth vitality of the seedling root system, providing a key basis for determining the seedling growth stage.

[0069] The determination of the vegetative growth stage is based on the coordinated changes in the axial extension rate of the taproot and the branching angles of the lateral roots. During this stage, the growth of both the taproot and lateral roots is crucial for constructing a large root system. Using a 3D point cloud reconstruction algorithm, the root system is scanned and data is collected. Then, a 3D model of the root system is reconstructed using the algorithm, thereby quantifying the geometric parameters of the root topology, such as taproot length, number of lateral roots, and branching angles of the lateral roots. Changes in these parameters clearly demonstrate the growth status and development trend of the root system during the vegetative growth stage, helping to accurately determine the different stages of the crop's vegetative growth.

[0070] The determination of the reproductive growth stage is based on the slowing rate of capillary root surface area growth, accompanied by phased changes in the composition of root tip exudates. Capillary roots are crucial for nutrient absorption, and changes in their surface area growth rate reflect variations in root absorption capacity. Simultaneously, root tip exudates contain various metabolites, the composition of which changes with different stages of reproductive growth. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of root tip exudates allows for the accurate identification of specific metabolic markers. The presence and changes in these markers become important indicators for determining the reproductive growth stage.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage frequency adaptive adjustment strategy formulates a scientific and reasonable drainage scheme based on the characteristics of different growth stages of crops.

[0072] During the seedling stage, considering the relatively weak root system and slow nutrient absorption rate of seedlings, a low-frequency, long-cycle drainage mode is adopted. This drainage mode can prolong the retention time of nutrient solution in the planting trough, allowing the roots more time to absorb initial nutrients. Studies have shown that an appropriate nutrient solution retention time can improve the nutrient absorption rate of seedlings and promote healthy seedling growth.

[0073] During the vegetative growth stage, crops grow rapidly, increasing their demand for water and nutrients. Simultaneously, the driving effect of canopy photosynthetic intensity on transpiration becomes more pronounced. At this time, a pulsed high-frequency drainage mode is switched, and the drainage interval is dynamically adjusted according to the canopy photosynthetic intensity. When light intensity increases, canopy photosynthesis is vigorous, and transpiration intensifies, the drainage interval is appropriately shortened to replenish water and nutrients promptly. When light intensity decreases, the drainage interval is correspondingly extended to avoid excessive drainage leading to nutrient loss.

[0074] During the reproductive growth stage, crop physiological activities change, and the demand for water and nutrients exhibits diurnal differences. Therefore, a diurnal time-based regulation strategy is implemented. During the day, the drainage frequency is adjusted synchronously with changes in transpiration rate to meet the crop's water and nutrient requirements during its vigorous daytime physiological activities. At night, the drainage trigger threshold is adjusted based on the intensity of root respiration metabolism. When the intensity of root respiration metabolism is high, the drainage trigger threshold is appropriately lowered to ensure a good respiratory environment for the roots; when the intensity of respiration metabolism is low, the drainage trigger threshold is raised to reduce unnecessary drainage.

[0075] The trigger condition for switching between growth stages is when the root biomass distribution entropy value reaches a preset critical state. The root biomass distribution entropy value is an indicator that comprehensively reflects the root growth state and distribution uniformity, and is calculated by analyzing the distribution of root biomass at different locations. When this entropy value reaches the preset critical state, it indicates that the root growth state has changed significantly. Switching growth stages at this time can better adapt to the growth needs of the crop.

[0076] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the generation of the drainage timing control command involves several key steps to achieve precise drainage control.

[0077] First, the duration of each drainage cycle is dynamically allocated based on the distribution density of highly active root zones. Highly active root zones indicate a strong nutrient absorption capacity of the roots in those zones. To match the local nutrient absorption rate, the drainage duration in high-density zones is correspondingly shortened. This prevents nutrient loss due to excessively long drainage times in highly active zones, ensuring that the roots can fully absorb nutrients.

[0078] Secondly, the critical drainage initiation timing is calculated based on real-time monitoring of substrate pore water pressure data. Substrate pore water pressure reflects the storage and movement of water in the substrate. When the pore water pressure reaches the root water absorption resistance threshold, it indicates that there is excessive water in the substrate, which will affect the normal respiration and nutrient absorption of the roots, triggering drainage. To accurately monitor substrate pore water pressure, distributed fiber optic sensing technology is used, with a micro-bend modulated pressure sensor array deployed longitudinally along the planting trough. This sensing technology has the advantages of high precision and distributed measurement, enabling real-time and accurate acquisition of the distribution of substrate pore water pressure.

[0079] Furthermore, a negative pressure gradient in the substrate is maintained between adjacent drainage cycles. This utilizes capillary forces to balance nutrient acquisition efficiency among roots at different depths. The negative pressure gradient promotes the flow of water and nutrients in the substrate in a specific direction, ensuring a relatively balanced nutrient supply to roots at different depths, which is beneficial for overall root growth and development.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the regional gradient control of the drainage control module further improves the precision of drainage management.

[0081] Specifically, the planting trough is divided into several independent control units along its length, based on the cluster analysis results of root biomass distribution. By performing cluster analysis on the distribution of root biomass within the planting trough, areas with similar characteristics are grouped into units, and each unit is equipped with a logically related drainage actuator. This allows for independent drainage control based on the actual conditions of each unit, improving the targeted nature of drainage.

[0082] Then, based on the ranking of nutrient uptake activity in each unit of the three-dimensional dynamic map, the drainage priority is dynamically adjusted. Units with high nutrient uptake activity indicate that the root system in that area has a more urgent need for nutrients, so drainage is initiated first to ensure that the root system in these areas can obtain sufficient water and nutrients in a timely manner.

[0083] Simultaneously, a hydraulic buffer transition zone is set between adjacent units. When the drainage actuator starts and stops, the disturbance of the substrate structure by the water flow impact is reduced through a gradual opening and closing mechanism. This measure can effectively protect the structural integrity of the substrate, avoid the movement of substrate particles and the destruction of aggregates caused by water flow impact, maintain a good soil pore structure, and promote root growth and development.

[0084] In another preferred embodiment, the dynamic drainage control method provides a more flexible drainage strategy for dealing with complex planting environments.

[0085] The system monitors real-time concentration changes of specific metabolites in the rhizosphere microenvironment. These metabolites are products of root physiological activities, and their concentration changes reflect the root's growth status and environmental adaptability. When the concentration gradient exceeds a preset range, it indicates an anomaly in the rhizosphere microenvironment, triggering dynamic adjustments to the drainage strategy in the corresponding area. For example, if the concentration of a certain metabolite is too high, it may mean that the roots are under some kind of stress, requiring adjustments to the drainage strategy to improve the root environment.

[0086] Injecting a gas-liquid mixture into areas of low root activity allows microbubbles within the mixture to oscillate within the substrate, promoting radial diffusion of the retained nutrient solution. This measure increases the contact area between the roots and the nutrient solution in these low-activity areas, improving nutrient utilization and stimulating root growth and activity recovery.

[0087] When the difference in nutrient absorption rate between adjacent areas continues to widen, it indicates an imbalance in the distribution of nutrients in the substrate. At this point, the cross-circulation drainage mode is activated. By changing the direction and path of water flow, the balance of nutrient distribution in the substrate is restored, ensuring that the roots in each area receive sufficient nutrients.

[0088] To accurately detect metabolites, an electrochemical sensor array is employed, and molecularly imprinted polymers are modified on the electrode surfaces to enhance selectivity. These polymers specifically identify target metabolites, improving the sensor's detection accuracy and sensitivity, and ensuring timely and accurate acquisition of metabolite concentration changes.

[0089] In another preferred embodiment, the implementation logic of the dynamic correction mechanism further optimizes the drainage strategy through a series of technical means.

[0090] A multispectral component analysis device is installed at the drainage outlet, with its operating wavelength covering the visible to near-infrared region. By performing multispectral scanning on the discharged liquid, its spectral characteristics are obtained, and then a partial least squares regression algorithm is used to analyze the spectral characteristics, thereby analyzing the loss ratio of key nutrients in the discharged liquid in real time.

[0091] Based on the deviation between the loss ratio and the current growth stage's requirements, the upper limit of the drainage frequency for the next cycle is adjusted in reverse. If the loss ratio is too high, it indicates that the current drainage strategy may be causing excessive nutrient loss, and the upper limit of the drainage frequency needs to be lowered; conversely, if the loss ratio is too low, it indicates that drainage may be insufficient, and the upper limit of the drainage frequency can be appropriately increased.

[0092] A time-series prediction model is trained using historical metabolic activity data to generate an optimized parameter set for drainage strategies in future periods. When constructing the time-series prediction model, a coupling correlation matrix between environmental factors and root nutrient uptake rate is first established. Grey relational analysis is used to identify the dominant environmental factors that significantly influence root nutrient uptake rate, and the entropy weight method is used to determine the contribution weight of each factor. Then, based on the trend of metabolic activity changes within a sliding time window, an adaptive filtering algorithm is used to extract key temporal features for drainage regulation. When a sudden change in external environmental parameters is predicted, such as a sudden change in light intensity or temperature, a dynamic compensation node is inserted, and the phase synchronization relationship of drainage commands is recalculated to ensure that the drainage strategy can adapt to environmental changes in a timely manner and achieve precise drainage regulation.

[0093] Example 2

[0094] The following is the architecture of the trench-type planting and cultivation management system applying the present invention;

[0095] 1. Construction and Seepage Prevention of Underground Planting Trench: Underground planting trenches are constructed using a specialized trenching machine according to design requirements. The cross-section of the planting trench is designed with a concave bottom, taking into account the characteristics of tomato root systems. The width and depth are determined through professional calculations, and the longitudinal slope of the trench bottom is 0.5%. Along the length of the planting trench, a De50 perforated drainage blind pipe is placed at the center of the bottom, with the same slope as the trench bottom and a pipe wall thickness of 2mm. The blind pipe has six circumferential holes, with a longitudinal spacing of 2.5cm between adjacent holes, and adjacent holes are staggered by 30 degrees. The hole diameter is 3mm. The outer wall of the pipe is covered with a layer of non-woven geotextile to prevent the loss of fine substrate particles. At the end of the drainage blind pipe, De50 internal and external threaded fittings penetrate the geomembrane. Rubber sealing rings are used to seal both the inner and outer sides of the fitting, and the diameter of the geomembrane opening is the same as the outer diameter of the external threaded end to prevent leakage.

[0096] A tensile-resistant, aging-resistant, and non-toxic PE geotextile composite membrane is laid at the bottom and around the planting trough as an impermeable layer. This impermeable membrane is selected strictly according to the standard "Geosynthetic Nonwoven Composite Geomembrane" (GB / T17642-2008). The PE membrane thickness is 0.12mm, and the total weight of the composite membrane reaches 280g / m², ensuring that there is no material exchange between the soil outside the membrane and the matrix inside, effectively isolating soil-borne diseases, while simultaneously achieving water and fertilizer retention functions.

[0097] 2. Multi-layer vertical planting structure construction: A three-layer vertical planting rack is constructed within the seepage-proofed underground space. The rack is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal, with each layer 0.6 meters high. The spacing between layers is rationally planned to meet the growing space requirements of the crops while facilitating daily operation and management. The planting rack is designed with a height-adjustable structure, connected to an electric drive unit and control system. In the early stages of tomato planting, the spacing between crops on the planting rack is set at 0.3 meters. As the plants grow, the spacing is gradually adjusted to 0.5 meters through precise control of the electric drive unit, based on the growth status, to prevent overcrowding and ensure adequate ventilation and light.

[0098] 3. Lighting System Setup: A light-collecting dome is installed on the greenhouse roof to gather natural light. This light is transmitted to the underground planting area via light pipes, which are made of highly reflective material to effectively reduce light loss during transmission. In the underground planting space, diffuse reflection devices are evenly distributed around the planting racks to ensure that light evenly covers each tomato plant, providing sufficient and uniform illumination for photosynthesis. Professional equipment testing shows that the uniformity of light intensity within the planting area reaches over 90%, fully meeting the light requirements of different parts of the tomato plant.

[0099] 4. Temperature, Humidity, and Gas Environment Control: Temperature sensors are installed at different depths underground and in planting areas to construct an intelligent temperature control system. Based on the suitable temperature range for tomato growth (22-28℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night), the intelligent temperature control system collects temperature data in real time and automatically adjusts the temperature accordingly. When the temperature is too high, ventilation equipment and a water curtain cooling system are automatically activated; when the temperature is too low, heating devices are turned on.

[0100] Because soil has a higher specific heat capacity than air, the substrate inside the soilless cultivation film in the greenhouse can exchange energy with the soil outside the film through an impermeable layer. Compared with ordinary above-ground soilless cultivation methods, this method is more conducive to raising and maintaining a suitable substrate temperature for tomato growth. Combining CO2 concentration compensation and circulating ventilation technology, using a CO2 generator and ventilation fans, the CO2 concentration is precisely maintained between 800-1200 ppm according to light intensity and tomato growth stage, significantly enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. The continuously operating circulating ventilation system ensures fresh air and effectively reduces the breeding of pests and diseases.

[0101] 5. Implementation of a Composite Irrigation System: Drip irrigation pipes are laid on the planting racks, with a dripper installed every 20 cm to ensure the nutrient solution is evenly distributed into the substrate within the planting troughs. Aeroponics nozzles are installed at the bottom of the planting troughs to periodically deliver oxygen-rich nutrient solution droplets into the substrate, providing sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the tomato roots. Online sensors monitor parameters such as nutrient solution temperature, pH, and EC in the root zone in real time, automatically adjusting the nutrient solution ratio and supply based on the nutrient requirements of different tomato growth stages. For example, during the flowering and fruiting period, the system automatically increases the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the nutrient solution to meet the nutrient needs of fruit growth. Furthermore, excess nutrient solution is recycled and reused, achieving nutrient recycling, saving resources, and reducing environmental pollution.

[0102] 6. Data Acquisition and Intelligent Decision-Making: IoT sensors are deployed throughout the underground planting area of ​​the greenhouse to collect real-time data on temperature, humidity, light intensity, and nutrient solution parameters. This data is transmitted to the control system in real time, where machine learning algorithms are used for in-depth analysis to predict tomato growth trends. Based on the predictions, the system automatically adjusts parameters such as irrigation frequency and light duration. For example, when it predicts that tomatoes are about to enter a rapid growth phase, the system increases irrigation water and light duration in advance, optimizing resource allocation and improving crop yield and quality. Simultaneously, the system dynamically optimizes parameters such as temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration based on historical data and real-time environmental changes to ensure that tomatoes are always in the optimal growing environment.

[0103] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to monitor the spatial distribution characteristics of root nutrient uptake behavior in the planting trough in real time and obtain root metabolic activity parameters through non-invasive sensing technology. The demand segmentation module is used to divide crops into seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage according to their growth stages, and to establish a differentiated demand model for root water and fertilizer absorption at each stage. The instruction generation module is used to construct an adaptive adjustment strategy for drainage frequency. It performs multi-dimensional correlation analysis on root metabolic activity parameters, matrix osmotic pressure and environmental evaporation rate to generate drainage timing control instructions that match the growth stage. The drainage control module is used to control the coordinated action of the drainage valve group by dividing the area into gradients according to the drainage timing control command. In the instruction generation module, the adaptive adjustment strategy for drainage frequency specifically includes: During the seedling stage, a low-frequency, long-cycle drainage mode is adopted to extend the nutrient solution retention time to match the root system's absorption rate of initial nutrients. During the vegetative growth period, the system switches to a pulsed high-frequency drainage mode, dynamically adjusting the drainage interval based on the intensity of canopy photosynthesis to respond to the driving effect of light intensity changes on transpiration. During the reproductive growth period, a diurnal time-sharing regulation strategy is adopted, with the daytime drainage frequency and transpiration rate changing synchronously during the day, and the drainage trigger threshold adjusted at night based on the root respiration and metabolism intensity. The trigger condition for switching between each stage is that the root biomass distribution entropy value reaches a preset critical state. In the instruction generation module, the generation of the drainage timing control instruction includes: The duration of a single drainage cycle is dynamically allocated based on the distribution density of the high-activity root zone, with the drainage duration shortened in high-density zones to match the local nutrient absorption rate. The critical drainage initiation timing is calculated based on real-time monitoring of matrix pore water pressure data. Drainage action is triggered when the pore water pressure reaches the root water absorption resistance threshold. Maintaining a negative pressure gradient in the substrate between adjacent drainage cycles helps to balance the nutrient acquisition efficiency of roots at different depths through capillary action. The pore water pressure is detected using distributed optical fiber sensing technology, with a micro-bend modulated pressure sensor array arranged longitudinally along the planting trough.

2. The trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameter acquisition module specifically includes: A flexible bioimpedance sensor network was deployed in the substrate of the planting trough to detect the periodic changes in root cell membrane potential and to invert the spatial gradient distribution of root nutrient uptake rate. Simultaneously collect oxygen concentration gradient data of the underground rhizosphere microenvironment, and calculate the spatiotemporal variation of root respiration intensity by combining gas diffusion rate. After fusing bioimpedance data with oxygen concentration gradient data, a three-dimensional dynamic map of root nutrient uptake activity is generated, marking the boundary between high-activity and low-activity regions. The sensor network is arranged at equal intervals along the length of the planting trough, and the detection range of each sensor node covers the intersection area of ​​adjacent root systems.

3. The trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The growth stage division in the demand segmentation module specifically includes: The seedling stage is determined based on the differentiation rate of epidermal cells in the new root system and the cumulative trend of the initial density of root hairs. The cell division frequency of the root tip meristem is detected by microscopic image analysis technology. The determination of the vegetative growth period is based on the coordinated change characteristics of the axial extension rate of the main root and the branching angle of the lateral roots. The geometric parameters of the root system topology are quantified using a three-dimensional point cloud reconstruction algorithm. The determination of the reproductive growth stage is based on the slowing growth rate of capillary root surface area and the phased changes in the composition of root tip exudates. Specific metabolic markers in the exudates are identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

4. The trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the drainage control module, the regional gradient control specifically includes: The planting trough is divided into several independent control units along its length, and each unit is equipped with a drainage actuator with logical connections. Based on the nutrient absorption activity ranking of each unit in the three-dimensional dynamic map, the drainage priority is dynamically adjusted, with units with higher activity being given priority in starting drainage. A hydraulic buffer transition zone is set between adjacent units, and the disturbance of water flow impact on the matrix structure is reduced by a progressive opening and closing drainage actuator; The division of the independent regulatory units is based on the cluster analysis results of root biomass distribution.

5. A trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses according to claim 4, characterized in that, Dynamic drainage control methods include: Real-time detection of concentration changes of specific metabolites in the rhizosphere microenvironment; when the concentration gradient exceeds the preset range, dynamic correction of the drainage strategy in the corresponding area is triggered. Injecting a gas-liquid mixture into the low root activity zone promotes radial diffusion of the retained nutrient solution through microbubble oscillation. When the difference in nutrient absorption rate between adjacent areas is detected to be widening, the cross-circulation drainage mode is activated to restore the balance of substrate nutrient distribution. The detection of the metabolites employs an electrochemical sensor array, with the electrode surface modified with molecularly imprinted polymers to enhance selectivity.

6. A trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The implementation logic of the dynamic correction mechanism includes: A multispectral component analysis device is installed at the drainage outlet to analyze the loss ratio of key nutrients in the effluent in real time. Based on the degree of deviation between the loss ratio and the current growth stage requirements, the upper limit of the drainage frequency for the next cycle is adjusted in reverse. By combining historical metabolic activity data to train a time series prediction model, an optimized parameter set for drainage strategies in future periods can be generated in advance. The multispectral component analysis device operates in the visible to near-infrared region and uses a partial least squares regression algorithm to analyze spectral features.

7. A trough-type planting and cultivation management system for greenhouses according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific method for constructing the time series prediction model is as follows: Establish a coupling correlation matrix between environmental factors and root nutrient uptake rate, screen the dominant influencing factors and quantify their weight coefficients; Based on the trend of metabolic activity changes within a sliding time window, an adaptive filtering algorithm is used to extract key temporal features of drainage regulation. When a sudden change in external environmental parameters is predicted, a dynamic compensation node is inserted and the phase synchronization relationship of the drainage command is recalculated. The coupling correlation matrix was constructed using grey relational analysis, and the contribution weight of each factor was determined using the entropy weight method.

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