A longitudinal axis flow combine harvester adaptive damping anti-blocking and damage reduction control system and method and combine harvester

Abstract

The application provides a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester adaptive damping anti-blocking and loss reduction control system and method and a combine harvester, comprising an electric spindle driven variable diameter threshing cylinder, an angle adjustable guide bar, an online monitoring system, an adaptive damping anti-blocking and loss reduction control system, the online monitoring system can monitor working parameters such as threshing gap, cylinder rotating speed and guide bar angle in real time, and performance parameters such as variable diameter threshing cylinder vibration intensity, crop flow movement speed and entrainment loss rate; by adjusting the rotating speed of the variable diameter threshing cylinder, the threshing gap and the guide bar angle, adaptive damping anti-blocking and loss reduction control is realized, so as to solve the problems of easy blocking, high vibration intensity and high entrainment loss rate of the threshing device of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester. The application can improve the harvesting efficiency and operation performance of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, and in particular to a threshing and separating device for a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester with variable gap, angle and speed, as well as an adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking and loss reduction control system. Background Technology

[0002] As a major agricultural country, my country has consistently maintained a high planting area for cereal crops, which is a crucial foundation for ensuring national food security. Due to the diverse crop varieties and wide range of planting areas, varying terrain, soil conditions, and sunshine duration across different regions result in significant differences in planting density and mechanical properties for various crops. These factors lead to complex and variable harvesting environments during the harvesting of different crops by combine harvesters. Mismatches in threshing parameters (threshing gap, drum speed, and guide bar angle), and poor material flow and stress conditions within the threshing and separating device can easily cause problems such as threshing drum blockage, excessive drum vibration, and high entrainment loss rates, impacting agricultural production and resulting in economic losses.

[0003] With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization and the increasingly urgent need for sustainable agricultural development, my country's harvester research will develop towards greater intelligence, automation, and efficiency. The main objective of this invention is to simultaneously combine the adjustment of the threshing gap, drum speed, and guide bar angle to solve problems such as threshing drum blockage, excessive threshing drum vibration, and high entrainment loss rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of threshing drum blockage, excessive vibration intensity, and high entrainment loss rate, this invention provides an adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blockage, and loss reduction control system and method for a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, as well as the combine harvester itself. This is achieved through adjustment...

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] An adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking and loss reduction control system for a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester is characterized by comprising: a variable diameter threshing drum, an angle-adjustable guide strip mounted on the top cover of the threshing drum, a threshing drum main shaft speed adjustment device, an online monitoring system, and an adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking and loss reduction control system;

[0007] The online monitoring system includes a working parameter monitoring device and a working status monitoring device;

[0008] The operating parameter monitoring device includes:

[0009] The first displacement sensor, with its fixed end mounted on the support plate and its movable end connected to the threshing toothed rod, is used to monitor the diameter of the threshing drum and obtain the size of the threshing gap.

[0010] A speed sensor is installed on the electric spindle of the variable diameter threshing drum to monitor the real-time speed of the variable diameter threshing drum.

[0011] The second displacement sensor is installed at the guide bar angle adjustment rod to monitor the length change of the guide bar angle adjustment rod and obtain the angle of the guide bar;

[0012] The operation status monitoring device includes:

[0013] An acceleration vibration sensor is installed at the bearing seat at the tail end of the variable diameter threshing drum to monitor the changes in the frequency and amplitude of the acceleration signal at the bearing seat of the variable diameter threshing drum in real time, thereby obtaining the vibration condition at the bearing seat of the variable diameter threshing drum and characterizing the vibration intensity of the variable diameter threshing drum.

[0014] As a material flow speed sensor, it is installed on the side wall of the frame at the straw discharge position of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device to monitor the speed of the material flow inside the threshing and separating device;

[0015] The entrainment loss rate sensor is installed on the side wall of the frame on the other side of the straw discharge position of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, symmetrically installed with the working material speed sensor, to monitor the entrainment loss rate when the material leaves the threshing drum;

[0016] The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and damage reduction control system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a decision-making module.

[0017] The data acquisition module is connected to the acceleration vibration sensor, the first displacement sensor, the rotation speed sensor, the material flow speed sensor, the second displacement sensor, and the entrainment loss rate sensor to collect signals of the variable diameter threshing drum, the vibration intensity a, the threshing gap g, the real-time rotation speed s of the variable diameter threshing drum, the speed v of the material flow in the threshing and separation device, the guide bar angle θ, and the entrainment loss rate l of the threshed material.

[0018] The data processing module is used for data denoising, amplification, and data conversion.

[0019] The decision-making module determines the critical velocity v of the logistics flow based on real-time collected operating parameters and a set congestion threshold. 临界值 Critical value of vibration intensity a of threshing drum 临界值 National standard entrainment loss rate 标In addition to real-time operating status parameters, the correlation between operating status parameters and working parameters, and the influence weight coefficient, adjustment commands are made for the threshing gap g, the real-time rotational speed s of the variable diameter threshing drum, the speed v of the material flowing in the threshing and separation device, and the guide bar angle θ, so as to control the rotational speed of the variable diameter threshing drum, the threshing gap, and the guide bar angle.

[0020] Furthermore, the drive shaft of the variable diameter threshing drum is an electric spindle. The electric end of the electric spindle includes a bearing, an inner stator, and an outer shaft rotor, and is located at the feeding end of the threshing drum. The outer shaft rotor is coaxially arranged with the inner stator and connected by a bearing. The other end of the inner stator and the electric spindle are both fixed to the frame by bearing seats. The outer shaft rotor is fixedly connected to the hydraulic variable diameter threshing drum.

[0021] Furthermore, the variable diameter threshing drum includes a feed end diameter adjustment device, a tail end diameter adjustment device, a threshing toothed rod, an electric spindle, and a hydraulic drive system; the feed end hollow hydraulic cylinder and the tail end hollow hydraulic cylinder of the feed end diameter adjustment device and the tail end diameter adjustment device are connected to the hydraulic drive system, and the extension and retraction of the piston rod drives the threshing toothed rod to move up and down, thereby changing the diameter of the threshing drum.

[0022] Furthermore, there are multiple guide strips, one end of which is hinged to the top cover, and the other end is connected to the guide strip connecting plate. The end of the guide strip connecting plate is provided with a through hole. The C-shaped slide plate is fixed to the top cover. The stepper motor is fixed to the top cover through a motor bracket. The lead screw is connected to the output end of the stepper motor through a coupling. The top end of the nut connecting rod is connected to the nut mounted on the lead screw, and the lower end passes through the guide strip connecting plate or the guide strip at the foremost end, and slides in the slide groove of the C-shaped slide plate.

[0023] Furthermore, the direction of the guide bar connecting plate is consistent with the direction of the electric spindle axis; the horizontal movement of the guide bar connecting plate changes the angle of multiple guide bars.

[0024] Furthermore, the working material speed sensor is a visual speed sensor or a lidar speed sensor.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes a sound alarm for issuing audible alerts.

[0026] The control method based on the adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester is characterized by the following steps:

[0027] (1) During the operation of the combine harvester, the online monitoring system acquires the working parameters of the longitudinal axis rheodynamic diameter drum threshing device in real time: threshing gap g, drum speed s, guide bar angle θ, and operating status parameters: working material movement speed v, vibration intensity a of the variable diameter threshing drum, and entrainment loss rate l.

[0028] (2) When the online monitoring system collects the velocity v of the moving material... 当前值 ≤critical value v 临界值 Drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥critical value a 临界值 and / or entrainment loss rate l 当前值 ≥National Standard Entrainment Loss Rate 标 At the same time, the entrainment loss rate l, the material movement speed v, and the vibration intensity a of the variable diameter threshing drum are adjusted based on the weight of the influencing factors.

[0029] The critical velocity v of the crop material during drum blockage was obtained by using field trials or bench tests under different field crop harvesting conditions. 临界值 Critical value of vibration intensity a of threshing drum 临界值 ;

[0030] When the three operating parameters were found to be abnormal, the threshing gap g, drum speed s, and guide bar angle θ were adjusted sequentially until the operating parameters were less than the critical velocity v of the material flow. 临界值 Critical value of vibration intensity a of threshing drum 临界值 and / or national standard entrainment loss rate l 标 Determine the influence coefficient β of the three working parameters on each work status parameter. ij Where i represents the job status parameter, j represents the working parameter, and β ij ≥0;

[0031] When a certain job status parameter is abnormal, its relative job status parameter is calculated first:

[0032] f(x i )=|(x i当前值 -x i标准 / 临界值 )| / x i标准 / 临界值 *100%

[0033] In the formula x i The operational status parameters are: entrainment loss rate l, material movement speed v, and vibration intensity a, x of the variable diameter threshing drum. 当前值 x is the current value of the job status parameter. 标准 / 临界值 These are the national standard values / critical values ​​for the operational status parameters;

[0034] Based on the influence coefficients of the three operating parameters on the abnormal operation status parameter in descending order, the three operating parameters are adjusted sequentially until the operation status parameter reaches the normal working requirements. The adjustment of the operating parameters is as follows:

[0035] g(y j )=y j当前值 +(y j目标值 -y j当前值 )*f(x i )*β ij

[0036] In the formula y j The working parameters are threshing gap g, drum speed s, guide bar angle θ, and y. j当前值 The current value of the working parameter, y j目标值 The target value for adjusting the working parameters.

[0037] Furthermore, the online monitoring system collects the velocity v of the logistics movement. 当前值 ≤critical value v 临界值 and / or drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥critical value a 临界值 When the adaptive vibration reduction and anti-blocking and loss reduction control system prioritizes adjusting the material movement speed v and the vibration intensity a of the variable diameter threshing drum, the entrainment loss rate adjustment mode is then activated when the threshing drum is normal.

[0038] When both congestion and significant vibration exist, first analyze the relative vibration intensity and relative material flow rate. If the relative material flow rate is greater, prioritize adjusting the material flow rate; otherwise, do the opposite.

[0039] A combine harvester, characterized in that it includes the adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking and loss reduction control system, and a storage medium storing the control method.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0041] This invention provides an adaptive vibration reduction, anti-clogging, and loss reduction control system, method, and combine harvester for a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester. An adjustable guide bar, fixed to the top cover, allows real-time adjustment of the speed of the working material within the threshing drum. The variable-diameter threshing drum is driven by an electric spindle, enabling changes in drum speed and threshing gap. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-clogging, and loss reduction control system monitors drum blockage, vibration, and entrainment loss through an online monitoring system, adaptively adjusting the threshing gap, drum speed, and working material speed within the drum. This system monitors the working status of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester. When threshing drum blockage, excessive vibration intensity, and / or a high entrainment loss rate occur, the decision module issues adjustment commands for the threshing gap g, the real-time rotational speed s of the variable-diameter threshing drum, the speed v of the working material within the threshing and separating device, and the guide bar angle θ, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the variable-diameter threshing drum, the threshing gap, and the guide bar angle. It can effectively prevent clogging of the threshing drum, reduce vibration and reduce entrainment loss, and greatly improve the automation level and harvesting efficiency of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the threshing and separating device of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a variable diameter threshing drum driven by an electric spindle.

[0044] Figure 3 These are a front view schematic diagram of the electric spindle and a cross-sectional view schematic diagram of the electric end of the electric spindle.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a top view of the first embodiment of an angle-adjustable guide bar fixed to the top cover.

[0046] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The diagram shown is a partially enlarged isometric view of the adjustable guide bar angle device.

[0047] Figure 6 This is an isometric schematic diagram showing the installation locations of each sensor in the online monitoring system.

[0048] Figure 7 This is a top-down view of the installation locations of each sensor in the online monitoring system.

[0049] Figure 8 This is a partial schematic diagram of the installation location of the loss rate sensor embedded in the online monitoring system.

[0050] In the diagram, 1. Variable diameter threshing drum driven by an electric spindle; 101. Feed end diameter adjustment device; 102. Tail end diameter adjustment device; 103. Feed end hollow hydraulic cylinder; 104. Tail end hollow hydraulic cylinder; 105. Threshing rack; 106. Electric spindle; 10601. Bearing; 10602. Internal stator; 10603. Outer shaft rotor; 2. Adjustable guide bar angle device; 201. Guide bar; 202. Guide bar connecting plate; 203. C-shaped chute plate; 204. Motor bracket; 205. Stepper motor; 206. Coupling; 207. Lead screw; 208. Nut connecting rod; 209. Top cover; 301. Acceleration vibration sensor; 302. First displacement sensor; 303. Speed ​​sensor; 304. Working material speed sensor; 305. Second displacement sensor; 306. Entrainment loss rate sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0052] The longitudinal axial flow combine harvester threshing and separating device of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes an electric spindle-driven variable-diameter threshing drum 1, an adjustable guide bar angle device 2 fixed on the top cover, and an online monitoring system. The working material is conveyed backward in the electric spindle-driven variable-diameter threshing drum 1 under the guidance of the adjustable guide bar. The online monitoring system contains multiple sensors distributed at various locations within the threshing and separating device.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the variable diameter threshing drum includes a feed end diameter adjustment device 101, a tail end diameter adjustment device 102, a threshing toothed rod 105, an electric spindle 106, and a hydraulic drive system. The feed end hollow hydraulic cylinder and tail end hollow hydraulic cylinder 104 of the feed end diameter adjustment device 101 and the tail end diameter adjustment device 102 are connected to the hydraulic drive system 107. The extension and retraction of the piston rod drives the threshing toothed rod 105 to move radially up and down, thereby changing the diameter of the threshing drum.

[0054] The drive shaft of the variable diameter threshing drum is an electric spindle 106, such as... Figure 3The diagram shows a front view and a sectional view of the electric spindle's electric end. The electric end of the electric spindle 106 includes a bearing 10601, an inner stator 10602, and an outer rotor 10603, and is located at the feed end of the threshing drum. The outer rotor 10603 is coaxially arranged with the inner stator 10602 and connected via the bearing 10601. Both the inner stator 10602 and the conventional spindle end of the electric spindle 106 are fixed to the frame via bearing seats. The outer rotor 10603 is fixedly connected to a hydraulically operated variable-diameter threshing drum. The working principle of the electric spindle is to drive the outer rotor 10603 to rotate by energizing the inner stator 10602.

[0055] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the angle-adjustable guide bar structure includes a guide bar 201, a guide bar connecting plate 202, a C-shaped slide plate 203, a motor bracket 204, a stepper motor 205, a coupling 206, a lead screw 207, and a nut connecting rod 208. One end of each of the guide bars 201 is hinged to the top cover 209, and the other end is connected to the guide bar connecting plate 202. The end of the guide bar connecting plate 202 has a through hole. The C-shaped slide plate 203 is fixed to the top cover 209. The stepper motor 205 is fixed to the top cover 209 via the motor bracket 204. The lead screw 207 is connected to the output end of the stepper motor 205 via the coupling 206. The top end of the nut connecting rod 208 is connected to a nut mounted on the lead screw 207, and the lower end passes through the guide bar connecting plate 202 or the foremost guide bar 201, sliding within the slide groove of the C-shaped slide plate 203. The rotation of the stepper motor 205 drives the nut and nut connecting rod 208 to move back and forth along the lead screw 207, which in turn drives the guide bar connecting plate 202 to move horizontally, thereby changing the angle of the rear guide bar 201 and thus changing the speed of the working material in the drum.

[0056] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the online monitoring system includes an acceleration vibration sensor 301, a first displacement sensor 302, a rotation speed sensor 303, a working material speed sensor 304, a second displacement sensor 305, and a entrapment loss rate sensor 306.

[0057] The first displacement sensor 302, the speed sensor 303, and the second displacement sensor 305 are used to monitor operating parameters. The base of the first displacement sensor 302 is fixed to the support plate, and its moving end is connected to the threshing toothed rod 105. It is used to monitor the diameter of the threshing drum and calculate the size of the threshing gap in real time. The speed sensor 303 is installed at the tail end of the electric spindle 106 of the variable diameter threshing drum and is used to detect the real-time rotational speed of the drum. The base of the second displacement sensor 305 is installed on the motor bracket 204, parallel to the axis of the lead screw 207, and its sensing end is aligned with the nut connecting rod 208. It is used to detect the distance the nut connecting rod 208 moves within the C-shaped slide plate 203, thereby calculating the horizontal movement of the guide strip connecting plate 202 and the angle of the guide strip 201.

[0058] An acceleration vibration sensor 301, an operating material velocity sensor 304, and a entrapment loss rate sensor 306 are used to monitor the operating status. The acceleration vibration sensor 301 is installed at the bearing seat at the tail end of the variable diameter threshing drum and monitors the vibration condition at the bearing seat in real time, providing real-time feedback of the vibration intensity through vibration parameters in each direction. The operating material velocity sensor 304 is installed on the side wall of the frame at the straw discharge position of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, with its detection end aligned with the output port of the drum, to detect the rolling speed of the operating material inside the drum. The operating material velocity sensor 304 is a visual velocity sensor or a lidar velocity sensor, which monitors the speed at which the straw exits from the tail end of the variable diameter threshing and separating device in real time, thus reflecting the speed of the operating material inside the threshing and separating device. The entrapment loss rate sensor 306 is installed on the other side of the frame at the straw discharge position of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, symmetrically mounted with the operating material velocity sensor 304, to monitor the entrapment loss rate of the threshed material.

[0059] The online monitoring system feeds back the detected vibration intensity, threshing gap, drum speed, material flow rate, guide bar angle, and entrainment loss rate in real time to the adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system. This system then adjusts the variable diameter threshing drum driven by the electric spindle and the adjustable top cover device with guide bar angle in real time, changing the threshing drum diameter, drum speed, and guide bar angle to reduce vibration and prevent blockage without affecting threshing performance.

[0060] The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a decision-making module. The data acquisition module is connected to an acceleration vibration sensor 301, a first displacement sensor 302, a rotational speed sensor 303, a material flow velocity sensor 304, a second displacement sensor 305, and a carry-in loss rate sensor 306. It is used to collect data on the vibration intensity *a* of the variable-diameter threshing drum, the threshing gap *g*, the real-time rotational speed *s* of the variable-diameter threshing drum, the velocity *v* of the material flowing within the threshing and separating device, the angle *θ* of the guide bar 201, and the carry-in loss rate *l* of the threshed material. The data processing module is used for data denoising, amplification, and data conversion.

[0061] The decision-making module sets a critical velocity v for logistics during congestion based on real-time collected operating parameters. 临界值 Critical value of vibration intensity a of threshing drum 临界值 National standard entrainment loss rate 标 The system includes real-time operating status parameters, the correlation between these parameters and the operating parameters, and their influence weighting coefficients. It outputs real-time adjustment commands for the threshing gap g, the real-time rotational speed s of the variable-diameter threshing drum, the velocity v of the material flowing within the threshing and separating device, and the angle θ of the guide strip 201. This controls the rotational speed of the variable-diameter threshing drum, the threshing gap, and the guide strip angle, thereby altering the motion and force state of the material flowing within the drum by changing multiple parameters. Furthermore, it includes an audible alarm for issuing sound alerts.

[0062] The control method based on the adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system of the longitudinal axial flow combine harvester is characterized by the following steps:

[0063] (1) During the operation of the combine harvester, the online monitoring system acquires the working parameters of the longitudinal axis rheodynamic diameter drum threshing device in real time: threshing gap g, drum speed s, guide bar angle θ, and operating status parameters: working material movement speed v, vibration intensity a of the variable diameter threshing drum, and entrainment loss rate l.

[0064] (2) When the online monitoring system collects the velocity v of the moving material... 当前值 ≤critical value v 临界值 Drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥critical value a 临界值 and / or entrainment loss rate l 当前值 ≥National Standard Entrainment Loss Rate 标 At that time, the entrainment loss rate l, the material movement speed v, and the vibration intensity a of the variable diameter threshing drum are adjusted based on the weight of the influencing factors.

[0065] The critical velocity v of the crop material during drum blockage was obtained by using field trials or bench tests under different field crop harvesting conditions. 临界值Critical value of vibration intensity a of threshing drum 临界值 When the three operating parameters were found to be abnormal, the threshing gap g, drum speed s, and guide bar angle θ were adjusted sequentially until the operating parameters exceeded the critical velocity v of the material flow. 临界值 Less than the critical value a of the vibration intensity of the threshing drum 临界值 and / or national standard entrainment loss rate l 标 Determine the influence coefficient β of the three working parameters on each work status parameter. ij Where i represents the job status parameter, j represents the working parameter, and β ij ≥0.

[0066] When a certain job status parameter is abnormal, the relative job status parameter is calculated first:

[0067] f(x i )=|(x i当前值 -x i标准 / 临界值 )| / x i标准 / 临界值 *100%

[0068] In the formula x i The operational status parameters are: entrainment loss rate l, material movement speed v, and vibration intensity a, x of the variable diameter threshing drum. 当前值 x is the current value of the job status parameter. 标准 / 临界值 These are the national standard values / critical values ​​for the operational status parameters.

[0069] Based on the influence coefficients of the three operating parameters on the abnormal operation status parameter in descending order, the three operating parameters are adjusted sequentially until the operation status parameter reaches the normal working requirements. The adjustment of the operating parameters is as follows:

[0070] g(y j )=y j当前值 +(y j目标值 -y j当前值 )*f(x i )*β ij

[0071] In the formula y j The working parameters are threshing gap g, drum speed s, guide bar angle θ, and y. j当前值 The current value of the working parameter, y j目标值 The target value for adjusting the working parameters.

[0072] When the online monitoring system collects the velocity v of the logistics movement 当前值 ≤critical value v 临界值 and / or drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥critical value a临界值 When the adaptive vibration reduction and anti-blocking and loss reduction control system prioritizes adjusting the material movement speed v and the vibration intensity a of the variable diameter threshing drum, the entrainment loss rate adjustment mode is then activated when the threshing drum is operating normally.

[0073] When both congestion and significant vibration exist, first analyze the relative vibration intensity and relative material flow rate. If the relative material flow rate is greater, prioritize adjusting the material flow rate; otherwise, do the opposite.

[0074] If, after adjusting the threshing gap, drum speed, and guide bar angle, the material flow rate still tends towards drum blockage, the vibration intensity remains high, and the entrainment loss rate still exceeds the national standard, then the audible alarm will sound, and the combine harvester needs to be stopped for inspection.

[0075] A combine harvester includes the adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system, and a storage medium storing the control method.

[0076] The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, characterized in that: It includes a variable diameter threshing drum, an angle-adjustable guide strip mounted on the top cover of the variable diameter threshing drum, a variable diameter threshing drum main shaft speed adjustment device, an online monitoring system, and an adaptive vibration reduction, anti-clogging, and loss reduction control system; The online monitoring system includes a working parameter monitoring device and a working status monitoring device; The operating parameter monitoring device includes: The first displacement sensor (302) has its fixed end installed on the support plate and its movable end connected to the threshing toothed rod (105) to monitor the diameter of the variable diameter threshing drum and obtain the size of the threshing gap. A speed sensor (303) is installed on the electric spindle (106) of the variable diameter threshing drum to monitor the real-time speed of the variable diameter threshing drum; The second displacement sensor (305) is installed at the guide bar angle adjustment rod to monitor the length change of the guide bar angle adjustment rod and obtain the angle of the guide bar (201); The operation status monitoring device includes: An acceleration vibration sensor (301) is installed at the bearing seat at the tail end of the variable diameter threshing drum to monitor the changes in the frequency and amplitude of the acceleration signal at the bearing seat of the variable diameter threshing drum in real time, thereby obtaining the vibration condition at the bearing seat of the variable diameter threshing drum and characterizing the vibration intensity of the drum. The material flow speed sensor (304) is installed on the side wall of the frame at the straw discharge position of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device to monitor the material flow speed inside the threshing and separating device; The entrainment loss rate sensor (306) is installed on the side wall of the frame on the other side of the straw discharge position of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, and is symmetrically installed with the working material speed sensor (304) to monitor the entrainment loss rate when the material leaving the variable diameter threshing drum. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and damage reduction control system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a decision-making module. The data acquisition module is connected to the acceleration vibration sensor (301), the first displacement sensor (302), the rotation speed sensor (303), the material flow speed sensor (304), the second displacement sensor (305), and the entrainment loss rate sensor (306) to collect the vibration intensity of the drum. a threshing gap g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s The speed of material movement within the threshing and separating device v , guide strip (201) angle θ Entrainment loss rate of the extruded material l ; The data processing module is used for data denoising, amplification, and data conversion. The decision-making module determines the critical speed for logistics based on real-time collected operating parameters and a set congestion threshold. v 临界值 Critical value of drum vibration intensity a 临界值 National standard entrainment loss rate l 标 In addition, real-time operation status parameters, the correlation between operation status parameters and working parameters, and the influence weight coefficients are used to determine the threshing gap. g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s The speed of material movement within the threshing and separating device v , guide strip (201) angle θ The adjustment commands are used to control the rotational speed, threshing gap, and guide bar angle of the variable diameter threshing drum; the specific control method is as follows: When the online monitoring system collects the velocity of the working material movement inside the threshing and separating device v 当前值 ≤Critical speed for logistics v 临界值 Drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥Critical value a 临界值 and / or entrainment loss rate l 当前值 ≥National Standard Entrainment Loss Rate l 标 At the same time, the entrainment loss rate is adjusted based on the weight of the influencing factors. l The speed of material movement within the threshing and separating device v Drum vibration intensity a ; The critical velocity of material flow during drum blockage was obtained by using field trials or bench tests under different field crop harvesting conditions. v 临界值 Critical value of drum vibration intensity a 临界值 ; When three different operating parameters were found to be abnormal, the threshing gap was adjusted sequentially. g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s and the angle of the guide strip θ Three operating parameters, until the operating status parameter exceeds the critical speed of the logistics. v 临界值 Less than the critical value of drum vibration intensity a 临界值 and / or national standard entrainment loss rate l 标 Determine the influence coefficients of the three working parameters on each operational status parameter. β ij Where i represents the job status parameter and j represents the working parameter. β ij ≥0; When a certain job status parameter is abnormal, first calculate its relative job status parameter. f(x i )=|(x i当前值 -x i标准 / 临界值 )| / x i标准 / 临界值 *100% In the formula x i This indicates that the job status parameter is the entrainment loss rate. l The speed of material movement within the threshing and separating device v Drum vibration intensity a , x 当前值 This represents the current value of the job status parameter. x 标准 / 临界值 These are the national standard values / critical values ​​for the operational status parameters; Based on the influence coefficients of the three operating parameters on the abnormal operation status parameter in descending order, the three operating parameters are adjusted sequentially until the operation status parameter reaches the normal working requirements. The adjustment of the operating parameters is as follows: g(y j )= y j当前值 +（y j目标值 - y j当前值 ) *f(x i )*β ij In the formula y j The working parameter is the threshing gap. g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s , guide bar angle θ , y j当前值 This is the current value of the working parameters. y j目标值 The target value for adjusting the working parameters.

2. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive shaft of the variable diameter threshing drum is an electric spindle (106). The electric end of the electric spindle (106) includes a bearing (10601), an inner stator (10602), and an outer shaft rotor (10603), and is located at the feeding end of the threshing drum. The outer shaft rotor (10603) is coaxially arranged with the inner stator (10602) and connected by the bearing (10601). The other end of the inner stator (10602) and the electric spindle (106) are both fixed on the frame by bearing seats. The outer shaft rotor (10603) is fixedly connected to the hydraulic variable diameter threshing drum.

3. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable diameter threshing drum includes a feed end diameter adjustment device (101), a tail end diameter adjustment device (102), a threshing toothed rod (105), an electric spindle (106), and a hydraulic drive system. The feed end hollow hydraulic cylinder and the tail end hollow hydraulic cylinder (104) of the feed end diameter adjustment device (101) and the tail end diameter adjustment device (102) are connected to the hydraulic drive system (107). The extension and retraction of the piston rod drives the threshing toothed rod (105) to move radially up and down, thereby changing the diameter of the threshing drum.

4. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of guide strips (201) is multiple, one end of which is hinged to the top cover (209), and the other end is connected to the guide strip connecting plate (202). The end of the guide strip connecting plate (202) is provided with a through hole. The C-shaped slide plate (203) is fixed to the top cover (209). The stepper motor (205) is fixed to the top cover (209) through the motor bracket (204). The lead screw (207) is connected to the output end of the stepper motor (205) through the coupling (206). The top end of the nut connecting rod (208) is connected to the nut installed on the lead screw (207), and the lower end passes through the guide strip connecting plate (202) and slides in the slide groove of the C-shaped slide plate (203) to drive the guide strips (201).

5. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters according to claim 4, characterized in that, The direction of the guide bar connecting plate (202) is consistent with the axis of the electric spindle (106); the horizontal movement of the guide bar connecting plate (202) changes the angle of multiple guide bars (201).

6. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned logistics speed sensor (304) is a visual speed sensor or a lidar speed sensor.

7. The adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sound alarm for issuing a sound alert.

8. A control method for an adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system for a longitudinal axial flow combine harvester based on any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) During the operation of the combine harvester, the online monitoring system acquires the working parameters of the longitudinal axis rheodynamic diameter drum threshing device in real time: threshing gap g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s , guide bar angle θ And operating status parameters: the speed of material movement within the threshing and separating unit. v Drum vibration intensity a and entrainment loss rate l ; (2) When the online monitoring system collects the working material movement speed inside the threshing and separating device v 当前值 ≤Critical speed of logistics v 临界值 Drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥Critical value a 临界值 and / or entrainment loss rate l 当前值 ≥National Standard Entrainment Loss Rate l 标 At the same time, the entrainment loss rate is adjusted based on the weight of the influencing factors. l The speed of material movement within the threshing and separating device v Drum vibration intensity a ; The critical velocity of material flow during drum blockage was obtained by using field trials or bench tests under different field crop harvesting conditions. v 临界值 Critical value of vibration intensity of threshing drum a 临界值 ; When three different operating parameters were found to be abnormal, the threshing gap was adjusted sequentially. g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s and the angle of the guide strip θ Three operating parameters, until the operating status parameter exceeds the critical speed of the logistics. v 临界值 Less than the critical value of vibration intensity of the threshing drum a 临界值 and / or national standard entrainment loss rate l 标 Determine the influence coefficients of the three working parameters on each operational status parameter. β ij Where i represents the job status parameter and j represents the working parameter. β ij ≥0; When a certain job status parameter is abnormal, first calculate its relative job status parameter. f(x i )=|(x i当前值 -x i标准 / 临界值 )| / x i标准 / 临界值 *100% In the formula x i This indicates that the job status parameter is the entrainment loss rate. l The speed of material movement within the threshing and separating device v Drum vibration intensity a , x 当前值 This represents the current value of the job status parameter. x 标准 / 临界值 These are the national standard values / critical values ​​for the operational status parameters; Based on the influence coefficients of the three operating parameters on the abnormal operation status parameter in descending order, the three operating parameters are adjusted sequentially until the operation status parameter reaches the normal working requirements. The adjustment of the operating parameters is as follows: g(y j )= y j当前值 +（y j目标值 - y j当前值 ) *f(x i )*β ij In the formula y j The working parameter is the threshing gap. g Real-time rotation speed of variable diameter threshing drum s , guide bar angle θ , y j当前值 This is the current value of the working parameters. y j目标值 The target value for adjusting the working parameters.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The online monitoring system collects the velocity of the working material within the threshing and separating device. v 当前值 ≤Critical speed of logistics v 临界值 and / or drum vibration intensity a 当前值 ≥Critical value a 临界值 At that time, the adaptive vibration reduction, anti-blocking, and loss reduction control system prioritizes adjusting the speed of the working material movement within the threshing and separating device. v Drum vibration intensity a When the threshing drum is functioning normally, then turn on the entrainment loss rate adjustment mode. When both congestion and significant vibration exist, first analyze the relative vibration intensity and relative material flow rate. If the relative material flow rate is greater, prioritize adjusting the material flow rate; otherwise, do the opposite.

10. A combine harvester, characterized in that, Includes a storage medium storing the control method according to any one of claims 8-9.

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