Energy-saving decelerator

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of speed reducer, and discloses an energy-saving speed reducer, which mainly comprises a detachable casing and a three-stage meshing transmission system, wherein the innovation lies in that a hydraulic drive locking and releasing system is arranged between a power input shaft and a first-stage transmission assembly, the system comprises a connecting sleeve sleeved on the input shaft, circumferentially distributed locking tongue mechanisms, a guide frame in sliding cooperation with the locking tongues and a double-layer bearing part, the bearing part is displaced by a hydraulic cylinder to make the locking tongues extend and retract along the inclined rails, and the bidirectional control of transmission meshing and separation is realized, and the key technology lies in that the double-layer bearing structure ensures the co-axial rotation before the locking tongues are separated, the power is safely switched, the locking tongues are retracted to keep the motor running during maintenance, and the meshing transmission is quickly recovered during locking, so that the design breaks through the limitation that the traditional speed reducer needs to be stopped for maintenance, and has the advantages of transmission continuity, convenient maintenance and operation stability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of speed reducer, more particularly to an energy-saving speed reducer. BACKGROUND

[0002] The speed reducer is a precision mechanical device that realizes speed conversion and torque amplification through gear transmission, and bears the core function of power transmission in various industrial transmission systems. The performance of the speed reducer directly affects the efficiency, reliability and service life of the entire transmission system.

[0003] In the design of the speed reducer, the meshing performance of the high-speed gear is crucial because of its high speed and large stress, which is easily affected by the deformation of the gear shaft, leading to poor tooth surface contact, stress concentration and other problems, thereby reducing the carrying capacity and shortening the service life. To optimize the meshing performance of the high-speed gear, various improvements have been made in the prior art. For example, the Chinese patent document (such as publication number CN118959523A) proposes an improved structure: the speed reducer includes a first high-speed shaft, a low-speed shaft and a gear set assembled thereon. The low-speed shaft coaxially arranges a low-speed left-handed gear and a low-speed right-handed gear, which are arranged along the axial direction to form an accommodating space. The first high-speed gear on the first high-speed shaft extends into the accommodating space and is arranged along the thickness direction of the gear to closely arrange the first left-handed gear segment and the first right-handed gear segment to mesh with the low-speed gear. This structure shortens the span of the high-speed gear, effectively reduces the deformation of the gear shaft, improves the tooth surface contact state of the high-speed gear, and thus improves the overall service life of the speed reducer.

[0004] However, this structure still has the following technical defects:

[0005] The existing speed reducer structure (such as CN118959523A) has a maintenance dependency problem: when a fault occurs inside the speed reducer, the power assembly at the input end must be stopped for maintenance. If the power assembly simultaneously drives multiple downstream devices, all associated devices will be forced to shut down, causing non-fault devices to be forced to shut down, which seriously affects the overall operation efficiency and continuity of the system. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present application provides an energy-saving speed reducer to solve the problem of how to realize the rapid decoupling and online maintenance of the speed reducer under the continuous operation of the power assembly, and avoid the forced shutdown of the multi-device linkage system.

[0007] The application provides the following technical scheme: an energy-saving reducer, comprising a casing composed of a detachable upper cover and a bottom shell, a transmission system composed of a primary transmission assembly, a secondary transmission assembly and a tertiary transmission assembly in sequence is arranged in the bottom shell, a power input shaft is arranged on one side of the casing close to a power source, and a lock release system is arranged between the power input shaft and the primary transmission assembly; the lock release system comprises a connecting sleeve arranged axially on the surface of the power input shaft and capable of sleeving the end of the primary transmission assembly, a lock tongue mechanism arranged circumferentially around the connecting sleeve, a guide frame in sliding fit with each lock tongue mechanism, and a bearing part bearing the guide frame;

[0008] The lock tongue mechanism comprises a base fixedly installed in a preset notch at the end of the connecting sleeve, and a telescopic lock tongue telescopically movable perpendicularly to the connecting sleeve is sleeved in the base, the top end of the telescopic lock tongue is hingedly connected with a sliding piece, and the sliding piece is in sliding fit with the inclined rail of the guide frame.

[0009] The primary transmission assembly comprises an input gear shaft, a lock groove corresponding to the telescopic lock tongue is formed circumferentially on the surface of one end of the input gear shaft, and a limiting stop ring adjacent to the lock groove is rigidly connected to the surface of the end of the input gear shaft, the limiting stop ring is used for blocking the end of the connecting sleeve to limit the connecting sleeve, the connecting sleeve is stably sleeved on the abutting end surface of the power input shaft and the primary transmission assembly, and the landing position of the telescopic lock tongue is coplanar with the lock groove.

[0010] Further, the outer end of the power input shaft is connected in power with the output end of a power assembly or a branch transmission shaft thereof through a shaft coupling, and the end of the power input shaft extending into the casing is detachably connected with the connecting sleeve in axial sliding.

[0011] Further, the telescopic lock tongue is composed of a tongue body and a tongue rod, the tongue body is matched with the inner cavity of the base, the tongue rod is movably penetrated through the base and is hingedly connected with the sliding piece, and the tongue body is matched with the lock groove.

[0012] Further, the bearing part adopts a double-layer rotatable structure, wherein the inner ring body of the inner layer is rotatably connected with the outer ring body of the outer layer through a bearing, the inner ring body is connected with the limiting protruding wing of the connecting sleeve in axial sliding, and the outer ring body is connected with an axial driving device.

[0013] Further, the sliding piece comprises a sliding sleeve sleeved on the surface of the guide frame, the bottom end of the sliding sleeve is hingedly connected with the tongue rod, and the inner wall of the sliding sleeve is symmetrically provided with a guide wheel part slidably arranged along the inclined rail.

[0014] Further, the guide wheel part is composed of a wheel body, a wear-resistant layer, an oil absorption layer and a rotating shaft pipe, the wheel body is rotatably installed on the inner side wall of the sliding sleeve through the rotating shaft pipe, a cavity is arranged in the wheel body, the cavity is communicated with the through hole of the side wall of the rotating shaft pipe, the wear-resistant layer and the oil absorption layer are installed on the periphery of the wheel body, the oil absorption layer can absorb lubricating oil through the cavity hole and has a thickness greater than that of the wear-resistant layer, and the rotating shaft pipe is fixedly connected with the connecting pipe at the tail end.

[0015] Further, the base inner cavity is provided with a spraying part at the distal end, the spraying part is composed of a fixed pipe, a telescopic piston, a one-way valve and a hose, the fixed pipe is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base, the telescopic piston is telescopically sleeved therein, one end of the telescopic piston is connected with a tongue body, and the other end of the telescopic piston is sealed to form a variable liquid cavity; an oil channel is formed in the distal end inner wall of the fixed pipe and communicated with the liquid cavity, and extends to the one-way valve interface; the one-way valve for discharging liquid is connected with the connecting pipe through the hose.

[0016] Further, a supply part is arranged on the inner side of the inner ring body, the supply part comprises a storage box and a telescopic pipe, the storage box is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner ring body, one end of the telescopic pipe is fixedly connected with the storage box, and the other end of the telescopic pipe is fixedly connected with a one-way valve for liquid inlet.

[0017] Further, a counterweight head communicated with the telescopic pipe is arranged in the storage box, the storage box is detachably provided with a box cover, and a corresponding window is arranged on the upper cover of the casing.

[0018] Further, in addition, the casing is further provided with an axial driving device which can drive the bearing part to move axially along the surface of the connecting sleeve.

[0019] Technical effects and advantages of the present application:

[0020] The present application drives the connecting piece to move axially through the hydraulic cylinder, drives the guide frame to displace through the linkage bearing part, and makes the sliding piece slide along the inclined rail to realize the telescopic control of the telescopic lock tongue; the double-layer structure design of the bearing part ensures that the tongue body maintains the coaxial rotation of the power input shaft and the primary transmission assembly before the tongue body is separated from the lock groove, realizes the safe cutting and recovery of power transmission; the telescopic lock tongue is retracted to cut the engagement when unlocking, allows the motor to continuously run for maintenance; the telescopic lock tongue is extended to make the tongue body re-engage with the lock groove when locking, quickly recovers the power transmission; the design has bidirectional switching reliability, maintenance convenience and transmission continuity, and significantly improves the maintenance efficiency and operation stability of the speed reducer.

[0021] The application realizes bidirectional lubrication control through linkage of the tongue body and the telescopic piston; when unlocked, the telescopic piston retracts to increase the pressure of the liquid cavity of the fixed tube, lubricating oil is transported to the wheel body cavity through the one-way valve-hose-adaptor tube path, and the lubricating inclined rail contact surface is extruded by the oil absorption layer; when locked, the telescopic piston extends to form negative pressure, and the lubricating oil is automatically supplemented to the liquid cavity through the counterweight head-telescopic tube-one-way valve; the design realizes self-lubrication circulation in the unlocked / locked dual mode, effectively reduces the wear of the wheel body and the inclined rail, and at the same time, through hydraulic linkage, ensures accurate supply and recovery of lubricant, and significantly improves the durability and operation stability of the transmission system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and the expansion of the casing of the application.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a top view of the bottom shell and the internal assembly structure of the application.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the bottom shell, the primary transmission assembly, the power input shaft and the lock release system of the application.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the primary transmission assembly, the power input shaft, the lock release system and the axial driving device of the application.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lock release system in the unlocked mode of the application.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the primary transmission assembly and the shaft seal of the application.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the partial analysis structure of the lock release system and the sleeve and the lock tongue mechanism connected therein of the application.

[0030] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the further analysis structure of the lock release system of the application. Figure 8

[0031] It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the part A of the application. Figure 10 Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the part B of the application.

[0032] Figure 11 Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the part of the injection part of the application.

[0033] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the guide frame and the sliding member of the application.​​

[0034] Figure 13 Structure diagram of the sliding member of the present application.

[0035] Figure 14 Structure diagram of the lock release system of the present application in the locked mode.

[0036] Figure 15 Structure diagram of the lock release system of the present application. Figure 14 Structure diagram of the sliding member of the present application.

[0037] Figure 16 Side view of the lock release system of the present application.

[0038] The reference signs are as follows: 1, housing; 2, primary transmission assembly; 21, input gear shaft; 22, primary driving gear; 23, locking groove; 24, limiting stop ring; 3, secondary transmission assembly; 31, intermediate gear shaft; 32, primary driven gear; 33, secondary driving gear; 4, tertiary transmission assembly; 41, output gear shaft; 42, secondary driven gear; 5, shaft sealing member; 6, power input shaft; 7, connecting sleeve; 8, lock bolt mechanism; 81, base; 82, retractable lock bolt; 821, bolt body; 822, bolt rod; 83, sliding member; 831, sliding sleeve; 832, guide wheel part; 8321, wheel body; 8322, wear-resistant layer; 8323, oil absorption layer; 8324, rotating shaft tube; 833, connecting tube; 84, injection part; 841, fixed tube; 842, telescopic piston; 843, one-way valve; 844, hose; 85, supply part; 851, storage box; 852, telescopic tube; 853, counterweight head; 854, box cover; 9, guide frame; 10, bearing part; 101, inner ring body; 102, outer ring body; 11, axial driving device; 111, connecting member; 112, hydraulic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the present application, and additionally, the forms of each structure described in the following embodiments are only examples, and the energy-saving reducer involved in the present application is not limited to each structure described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4The application provides an energy-saving speed reducer, which comprises a shell 1, the shell 1 is composed of an upper cover and a bottom shell which can be disassembled and assembled, the inside of the bottom shell is sequentially provided with a transmission system which is composed of a first transmission assembly 2, a second transmission assembly 3 and a third transmission assembly 4 which are in mesh with each other; the shell 1 is provided with a power input shaft 6 on the side close to a power source, and the power input shaft 6 and the first transmission assembly 2 are provided with a lock release system; the lock release system comprises a connecting sleeve 7 which is axially slidably arranged on the surface of the power input shaft 6 and can be sleeved with the end of the first transmission assembly 2, a lock tongue mechanism 8 which is arranged in the circumferential direction of the connecting sleeve 7, a guide frame 9 which is in sliding fit with each lock tongue mechanism 8 and a bearing part 10 which bears the guide frame 9; in addition, the inside of the shell 1 is further provided with an axial driving device 11 which can drive the bearing part 10 to axially move along the surface of the connecting sleeve 7.

[0041] It should be particularly pointed out in the embodiment that the first transmission assembly 2, the second transmission assembly 3, the third transmission assembly 4 and the power input shaft 6 are all installed in the inside of the bottom shell of the shell 1 through the shaft seal 5 as a rotating support, so that the rotation assembly of each component in the shell is realized.

[0042] The first transmission assembly 2 is composed of a rigid coaxial input gear shaft 21 and a primary driving gear 22, wherein the end of the input gear shaft 21 away from the power input shaft 6 is rotatably installed on the side wall of the bottom shell through the shaft seal 5; the second transmission assembly 3 comprises an intermediate gear shaft 31 and a primary driven gear 32 and a secondary driving gear 33 which are rigidly coaxially connected on the surface of the intermediate gear shaft 31, and the two ends of the intermediate gear shaft 31 are rotatably installed on the side wall of the bottom shell through the shaft seal 5; the third transmission assembly 4 is composed of a rigid coaxial output gear shaft 41 and a secondary driven gear 42, and the two ends of the output gear shaft 41 are also rotatably installed on the side wall of the bottom shell through the shaft seal 5.

[0043] The primary driving gear 22 and the primary driven gear 32 form a primary mesh, and the secondary driving gear 33 and the secondary driven gear 42 form a secondary mesh; through the multi-stage series transmission design, the total speed reduction ratio of the system is the product of the gear ratio of each stage, so that the transmission effect of speed reduction and torque multiplication is effectively realized, and the working condition demand of mechanical equipment for low-speed large-torque output is fully met; it should be noted that the transmission system composed of the first transmission assembly 2, the second transmission assembly 3 and the third transmission assembly 4 adopts the existing mature design, and the specific structure is not described herein.

[0044] Referring to Figure 5 - Figure 10 , Figure 14 - Figure 16, the outer end of the power input shaft 6 is connected with the output end of the power assembly or a branch transmission shaft through a shaft coupling; the end of the power input shaft 6 extending into the casing 1 is detachably connected with a sleeve 7 through axial sliding clamping; the design makes it possible to quickly complete the disassembly of the entire locking and releasing system by first disconnecting the power input shaft 6 from the power assembly and then axially separating the sleeve 7 from the end of the power input shaft 6 when the locking and releasing system of the speed reducer fails and needs to be repaired or replaced;

[0045] The sleeve 7 is provided with a circumferentially arranged locking tongue mechanism 8 near the first transmission assembly 2, the locking tongue mechanism 8 comprises a base 81 fixedly installed in a pre-set notch at the end of the sleeve 7, a retractable locking tongue 82 is slidably sleeved in the base 81 and can move in and out, the top end of the retractable locking tongue 82 is hingedly connected with a sliding piece 83, the sliding piece 83 is in sliding fit with a slope rail of a guide frame 9, and the other end of the guide frame 9 is rigidly connected to the same bearing part 10;

[0046] It is particularly noted in the embodiment that the surface of the input gear shaft 21 near the power input shaft 6 is circumferentially provided with a locking groove 23 corresponding to the retractable locking tongue 82, and the end surface of the input gear shaft 21 is rigidly connected with a limiting stop ring 24 adjacent to the locking groove 23, the limiting stop ring 24 is used to block the end of the sleeve 7 to limit it, so that the sleeve 7 is stably sleeved on the abutting end surface of the power input shaft 6 and the first transmission assembly 2, and the landing position of the retractable locking tongue 82 is coplanar with the locking groove 23, thus completing the pre-abutment (see Figure 6 、 Figure 7 );

[0047] In order to optimize the space occupation of the retractable locking tongue 82, an integrated design is adopted: the retractable locking tongue 82 is composed of a tongue body 821 and a tongue rod 822, the tongue body 821 is matched with the inner cavity of the base 81, and the tongue rod 822 is movably penetrated through the base 81 and hingedly connected with the sliding piece 83; the tongue body 821 is matched with the locking groove 23;

[0048] In order to optimize the movement burden of the locking and releasing system when rotating with the power input shaft 6, the connection structure of the bearing part 10 and the sleeve 7 is improved: the bearing part 10 adopts a double-layer rotatable structure, wherein the inner ring body 101 of the inner layer is rotatably connected with the outer ring body 102 of the outer layer through a bearing; the inner ring body 101 is axially slidably clamped on the limiting flange of the sleeve 7, and the outer ring body 102 is assembled and connected with the axial driving device 11; when the tongue body 821 is not completely withdrawn from the locking groove 23, the power input shaft 6, the sleeve 7, the locking tongue mechanism 8, the guide frame 9, the inner ring body 101 and the first transmission assembly 2 remain rigidly connected and coaxially rotate, and at the same time, the position of the bearing part 10 on the surface of the sleeve 7 can be adjusted through the axial driving device 11, so as to change the push-pull state of the guide frame 9 to the retractable locking tongue 82, that is, to switch the locking and releasing state of the tongue body 821 and the locking groove 23.

[0049] The axial driving device 11 is composed of a connecting piece 111 and a hydraulic cylinder 112, the surface of the hydraulic cylinder 112 is provided with a sealing cover, and the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 112 is fixedly connected with the connecting piece 111, and the other end of the connecting piece 111 is fixedly installed on the outer ring body 102; the structure can also be replaced by other functional mechanisms capable of achieving the axial sliding of the push-pull bearing part 10 along the surface of the connecting sleeve 7.

[0050] With reference to Figure 8 - Figure 13 In order to reduce the friction loss between the guide frame 9 and the sliding piece 83, the structure of the sliding piece 83 is improved: the sliding piece 83 contains a sliding sleeve 831 sleeved on the surface of the guide frame 9, and the bottom end of the sliding sleeve 831 is hingedly connected with the tongue rod 822; the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 831 is symmetrically installed with a guide wheel part 832 capable of sliding along the inclined rail, and the friction resistance is effectively reduced through the cooperation transmission of the guide wheel part 832 and the inclined rail of the guide frame 9.

[0051] It needs to be particularly pointed out in the embodiment that since the oil level in the speed reducer is determined by the primary driven gear 32, the meshing teeth of the oil level usually do not exceed 1 / 8 of the bottom of the primary driven gear 32; therefore, the guide frame 9 cannot reach the lubricating oil; in order to further reduce the wear between the guide frame 9 and the guide wheel part 832, the structure of the guide wheel part 832 and the lock tongue mechanism 8 is improved again; the guide wheel part 832 is composed of a wheel body 8321, a wear-resistant layer 8322, an oil absorption layer 8323 and a rotating shaft tube 8324, wherein the wheel body 8321 is rotatably installed on the inner side wall of the sliding sleeve 831 through the rotating shaft tube 8324, the wheel body 8321 is provided with a cavity, the cavity is in communication with the through hole in the side wall of the rotating shaft tube 8324, the wear-resistant layer 8322 and the oil absorption layer 8323 are installed on the periphery of the wheel body 8321, wherein the oil absorption layer 8323 can absorb the lubricating oil through the cavity hole and has a thickness greater than that of the wear-resistant layer 8322; the distal end of the rotating shaft tube 8324 is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe 833, forming an integrated solution of lubrication and transmission;

[0052] In order to perfect the automatic oil supply system, the distal end of the inner cavity of the base 81 is equipped with a spraying part 84, which is composed of a fixed pipe 841, a telescopic piston 842, a one-way valve 843 and a hose 844; the fixed pipe 841 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base 81, the telescopic piston 842 is telescopically sleeved therein, one end of the telescopic piston 842 is connected with the tongue body 821, and the other end is sealed and slid to form a variable liquid cavity; the distal end inner wall of the fixed pipe 841 is provided with an oil channel in communication with the liquid cavity, which extends to the interface of the one-way valve 843; the one-way valve 843 for discharging is connected with the connecting pipe 833 through the hose 844, realizing the automatic conveying and distribution of the lubricating oil;

[0053] In order to realize the automatic oil supplement of the liquid cavity, a supply part 85 is further arranged in the inner side of the inner ring body 101, the supply part 85 comprises a storage box 851 and a telescopic pipe 852, wherein the storage box 851 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner ring body 101, one end of the telescopic pipe 852 is fixedly connected with the storage box 851, and the other end is fixedly connected with the one-way valve 843 for liquid inlet; the telescopic pipe 852 is adapted to telescopic expansion to meet the distance change between the storage box 851 and the base 81; since the supply part 85 rotates along with the inner ring body 101, a counterweight head 853 is further arranged in the storage box 851 and is in communication with the telescopic pipe 852, so that the counterweight head 853 can timely obtain the oil liquid at the bottom of the storage box 851; the storage box 851 is detachably provided with a box cover 854, so that the operator can supplement the oil when the oil in the storage box 851 is insufficient; and the upper cover of the casing 1 is provided with a corresponding window.

[0054] The working principle of the application is as follows:

[0055] In order to realize the automatic identification of the reducer to the fault, a rotation speed sensor can also be arranged on the first transmission assembly 2, the second transmission assembly 3 and the third transmission assembly 4; when the rotation speed sensor detects that the real-time rotation speed ratio between the first transmission assembly 2, the second transmission assembly 3 and the third transmission assembly 4 in the transmission system exceeds the preset standard value range, it is automatically determined that the transmission system has a mechanical fault (including but not limited to gear wear or broken teeth, etc.), at this time, the rotation speed sensor generates a fault determination signal and transmits it to the control system, the control system immediately generates a driving instruction for the axial driving device 11, and triggers the axial driving device 11 to perform accurate control on the lock and release system; at the same time, the system retains a manual intervention channel, when the operator detects abnormal jerk, abnormal vibration or abnormal noise of the transmission system through sensory detection, the same control instruction process can be directly triggered manually through the operation panel; the lock and release system is switched from the locking mode to the unlocking mode;

[0056] When the transmission system is abnormal, the lock release system is converted to the unlocking mode in the following mechanical linkage sequence: first, the extension shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 112 drives the connecting piece 111 to extend axially, pushing the bearing part 10 to produce axial displacement along the limiting lugs of the connecting sleeve 7; at this time, the bearing part 10 drives the guide frame 9 distributed circumferentially inside it to move out synchronously, forcing each sliding piece 83 to slide relatively along the corresponding inclined rail of the guide frame 9, thereby lifting the telescopic lock tongue 82 to make it contract axially into the base 81; the key design is that the bearing part 10 adopts a rotatable inner and outer double-layer structure, when the tongue body 821 has not completely exited the lock groove 23 at the end of the input gear shaft 21, the power input shaft 6, the connecting sleeve 7, the lock tongue mechanism 8, the guide frame 9, and the inner ring body 101 maintain rigid connection to realize coaxial rotation; as the tongue body 821 gradually escapes from the constraint of the lock groove 23, the engagement state of the tongue body 821 and the primary transmission assembly 2 is finally released, cutting off the power transmission path from the power input shaft 6 to the primary transmission assembly 2, which allows the internal transmission system of the speed reducer to be safely repaired and replaced while the motor continues to operate, (from Figure 14 Figure 16 to Figure 5 Figure 11 the state shown);In the further unlocking stage, the key motion is that the tongue body 821 moves out in linkage with the telescopic piston 842, making the telescopic piston 842 retract along the inner wall of the fixed tube 841, causing the volume of the liquid cavity of the fixed tube 841 to decrease and form high pressure, so that the lubricating oil in the cavity is discharged through the oil channel in the side wall of the fixed tube 841 and is guided out by the one-way valve 843, and is transported to the sliding piece 83 through the hose 844, (from Figure 15 Figure 11 to Figure 12 Figure 13 the state shown);Further, the lubricating oil is connected through the adapter pipe 833 and is collected into the cavity of the wheel body 8321 through the through hole in the side wall of the rotating shaft pipe 8324; the oil absorption layer 8323 can absorb the lubricating oil in the cavity through the hole in the side wall, and continuously extrude the oil when the guide wheel part 832 travels along the inclined rail of the guide frame 9, so as to wet the contact part of the wheel body 8321 and the inclined rail, reducing the wear and transmission resistance thereof; (see

[0057] After completing the fault point repair or component replacement of the transmission system, the lock release system can be switched reversely to the locking mode: the extension shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 112 drives the connecting piece 111 to contract axially, driving the bearing part 10 and the guide frame 9 distributed circumferentially around it to move in synchronously, promoting each sliding piece 83 to slide relatively along the inclined rail of the corresponding guide frame 9, pushing the telescopic lock tongue 82 to separate from the base 81 and extend towards the shaft center; when the power input shaft 6, the connecting sleeve 7, the lock tongue mechanism 8, the guide frame 9, and the inner ring body 101 rotate to the state that the tongue body 821 engages with the lock groove 23, the power transmission from the power input shaft 6 to the primary transmission assembly 2 is realized (corresponding Figure 5 Figure 11 to​​​​​Figure 14 Figure 16 Further, the telescopic piston 842 extends along the inner wall of the fixed tube 841 to expand the volume of the liquid cavity, so that the negative pressure effect is generated, and the lubricating oil in the storage box 851 can be automatically supplemented to the liquid cavity through the counterweight head 853, the telescopic tube 852 and the one-way valve 843 for liquid inlet, so that the lubrication reserve for the subsequent sliding part 83 is established (corresponding to the state transition of the lubricating oil in the storage box 851 → the lubricating oil in the liquid cavity). Figure 11 Figure 15 Finally, the reducer returns to the normal operating state.

[0058] The above is only one preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art should include the equivalent substitution or modification within the technical range disclosed by the present application, according to the technical plan and the improved conception of the present application, which should be included in the protection of the present application.​​

Claims

1. An energy-saving reducer, comprising a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) is composed of a detachably assembled upper cover and a bottom housing, wherein a transmission system consisting of a first-stage transmission assembly (2), a second-stage transmission assembly (3) and a third-stage transmission assembly (4) that are engaged with each other is sequentially assembled inside the bottom housing, characterized in that: A power input shaft (6) is provided on one side of the housing (1) close to the power source, and a locking system is provided between the power input shaft (6) and the first-stage transmission assembly (2); the locking system comprises: a connecting sleeve (7) axially slidingly provided on the surface of the power input shaft (6) and capable of being sleeved on the end of the first-stage transmission assembly (2), a locking tongue mechanism (8) circumferentially arranged around the connecting sleeve (7), a guide frame (9) forming a sliding fit with each locking tongue mechanism (8), and a bearing portion (10) bearing the guide frame (9); The locking tongue mechanism (8) includes a base (81), the base (81) is fixedly mounted in a preset notch at the end of the connecting sleeve (7), a sliding sleeve in the base (81) is provided with a retractable locking tongue (82) which is perpendicular to the connecting sleeve (7) and can be telescopically moved inward and outward, a sliding member (83) is hinged at the top end of the retractable locking tongue (82), and the sliding member (83) is in sliding engagement with the inclined rail of the guide frame (9); The first-stage transmission assembly (2) includes an input gear shaft (21); a lock groove (23) corresponding to the retractable lock tongue (82) is circumferentially opened on the surface of one end of the input gear shaft (21) close to the power input shaft (6), and a limit ring (24) adjacent to the lock groove (23) is rigidly connected to the end surface of the input gear shaft (21), and the limit ring (24) is used to block the end of the connecting sleeve (7) to limit it, so that the connecting sleeve (7) is stably sleeved on the butt end surface of the power input shaft (6) and the first-stage transmission assembly (2), so that the landing position of the retractable lock tongue (82) is coplanar with the lock groove (23).

2. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended end of the power input shaft (6) is connected to the output end of the power assembly or its branch transmission shaft through a coupling; one end of the power input shaft (6) extending into the housing (1) is connected to a detachable axial sliding card sleeve (7).

3. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The retractable lock tongue (82) is composed of a tongue body (821) and a tongue rod (822). The tongue body (821) matches the inner cavity of the base (81), and the tongue rod (822) is movable through the base (81) and hinged to the sliding member (83); the tongue body (821) is matched with the lock groove (23).

4. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bearing portion (10) adopts an inner and outer double-layer rotatable structure, wherein the inner ring body (101) of the inner layer and the outer ring body (102) of the outer layer are rotatably connected via a bearing; the inner ring body (101) is axially slidably engaged with the limiting convex wing of the connecting sleeve (7), and the outer ring body (102) is assembled and connected with the axial driving device (11).

5. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding member (83) comprises a sliding sleeve (831) sleeved on the surface of the guide frame (9), the bottom end of which is hinged to the tongue rod (822); a guide wheel portion (832) that can slide along the inclined rail is symmetrically mounted on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (831).

6. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide wheel portion (832) is composed of a wheel body (8321), a wear-resistant layer (8322), an oil-absorbing layer (8323) and a rotating shaft tube (8324), wherein the wheel body (8321) is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the sliding sleeve (831) via the rotating shaft tube (8324), a cavity is provided in the wheel body (8321), and the cavity is communicated with a through hole in the side wall of the rotating shaft tube (8324), and a wear-resistant layer (8322) and an oil-absorbing layer (8323) are installed on the periphery of the wheel body (8321), wherein the oil-absorbing layer (8323) can absorb lubricating oil through the cavity hole and has a thickness greater than that of the wear-resistant layer (8322); and the end of the rotating shaft tube (8324) is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe (833).

7. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distal end of the inner cavity of the base (81) is equipped with a spraying portion (84), which is composed of a fixed tube (841), a telescopic piston (842), a one-way valve (843) and a hose (844); the fixed tube (841) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base (81), and the telescopic piston (842) is telescopically sleeved therein, with one end connected to the tongue (821) and the other end sealingly sliding to form a variable liquid cavity; an oil channel connected to the liquid cavity is provided on the distal inner wall of the fixed tube (841), extending to the interface of the one-way valve (843); the one-way valve (843) for discharge is connected to the connecting tube (833) through the hose (844).

8. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: A supply portion (85) is mounted on the inner side of the inner ring body (101), and the supply portion (85) comprises a storage box (851) and a telescopic tube (852), wherein the storage box (851) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the inner ring body (101), and one end of the telescopic tube (852) is fixedly connected to the storage box (851), and the other end is fixedly connected to a one-way valve (843) for liquid inlet.

9. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 8, characterized in that: A counterweight head (853) in communication with the telescopic tube (852) is provided in the storage box (851). The storage box (851) is detachably provided with a box cover (854), and the upper cover of the housing (1) is provided with a corresponding window.

10. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In addition, an axial driving device (11) is installed inside the housing (1) and can drive the bearing part (10) to move axially along the surface of the connecting sleeve (7).

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