Wireless connection control method and device of battery management equipment and battery management equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery processing, in particular to a wireless connection control method and device of battery management equipment and the battery management equipment. Extracting the corresponding first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency, and generating a unique electromagnetic signature in combination with the hardware serial number; the electromagnetic signature is converted into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value through UWB equipment space positioning, and a three-dimensional topological map is generated based on the equipment position, the impedance value and mutual impedance data; searching a communication path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topological map, and calculating a cooperative beam pointing angle according to the geometric distribution of the equipment array; the method does not need to depend on a traditional communication protocol or an IP address, connection is directly established through the electromagnetic fingerprints and the radio frequency impedance, automatic networking is achieved when the device is started, and the protocol stack development complexity is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a wireless connection control method and device for a battery management device, and a battery management device. Background Art

[0002] The battery management system is the core technology to ensure the safe and stable operation of battery packs. It is widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, drones and other fields. Early BMSs mostly adopted a centralized architecture and achieved connection between battery modules and control units through physical wiring harnesses.

[0003] Traditional BMSs require a large number of low-voltage wiring harnesses and connectors to connect battery modules, resulting in complex internal wiring, occupying the limited space of the battery pack, and reducing the battery's energy density. For example, in energy storage cabinets or electric vehicle battery packs, the weight of the wiring harness even accounts for a certain proportion of the total system weight, affecting battery life. In addition, the physical wiring harness may have poor contact or short circuit problems due to vibration and aging, causing communication failures or the risk of battery overcharge / over-discharge. For example, a detached wiring harness may cause the battery cell to lose control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a wireless connection control method and device for a battery management device and a battery management device.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems with the following technical solutions: A method for controlling wireless connection of a battery management device comprises the following steps:

[0006] S101, transmitting a sweep frequency signal to the metal housing through a built-in radio frequency sensor, extracting the corresponding first resonant frequency and second resonant frequency and generating a unique electromagnetic signature in combination with the hardware serial number;

[0007] S102. Convert the electromagnetic signature into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value through spatial positioning of the UWB device, and generate a three-dimensional topological map based on the device location, impedance value, and mutual impedance data;

[0008] S103. Searching for a connectivity path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topology map, and calculating the collaborative beam pointing angle based on the geometric distribution of the device array;

[0009] S104: Apply nanosecond-level high-voltage pulses between electrodes of the transmitting device. The receiving device detects the time interval of plasma luminescence through a photodetector, converting the mechanical vibration generated by the plasma expansion into electrical energy to temporarily power the device.

[0010] S105: When no valid signal is received within a continuous period of time, the link is determined to be interrupted, an emergency mode is triggered, and a device closest to the interruption point and with matching electromagnetic impedance is preferentially selected as a relay node.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, in S101, a frequency sweep detection signal is sent to the metal casing through the built-in RF sensor of the device, and the reflected signal is collected by the circular antenna array on the surface of the casing to generate a spectrum of voltage standing wave ratio changes with frequency. The voltage standing wave ratio curve is traversed, and all local maximum points and minimum points are marked. The first resonant frequency corresponding to the global minimum voltage standing wave ratio point is screened out, recorded as f1, and the second resonant frequency corresponding to the global maximum voltage standing wave ratio point is screened out, recorded as f2. If the curve has no obvious extreme point, it is determined that the casing material is abnormal, and the device type error is triggered. According to the ratio of f1 and f2: Combine the k value with the serial number through XOR operation to generate a 32-bit electromagnetic signature, EM_ID = SHA-256 ( The electromagnetic signature is written into the device memory and recalculated and verified each time the device is turned on to ensure that the fingerprint has not been tampered with.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in S102, the UWB module built into the device is activated. The module serves as an ultra-wideband positioning tag. The communication interface between the UWB module and the device's main control chip is checked. Several UWB anchor points with known position coordinates are pre-deployed in the target area and stored in a database. The UWB module of the device sends a positioning request signal to the surrounding anchor points. After receiving the signal, the anchor point records the signal arrival time and immediately transmits a response signal back to the device. After receiving the response signal, the device records the time difference between the round trip signal. According to the propagation speed of the signal in the air and the round trip time difference of the signal, the distance d=c×t / 2 between the device and each anchor point is calculated using the TOF algorithm, where c represents the speed of light and t represents the round trip time difference of the signal. The coordinates (x, y, z) of the device in three-dimensional space are calculated using the triangulation positioning principle and the distance between the device and the anchor point and the known coordinates of the anchor point. The three-dimensional coordinates of the device are iteratively calculated using the multi-anchor distance data and the least squares method is combined to improve the positioning accuracy. The specific steps are as follows:

[0013] S1. Set the device coordinates to P(x,y,z). There are n anchor points (n≥3). The coordinates of the i-th anchor point are A. i (x i ,y i ,z i ) The measured distance between the device and the anchor point is d i , according to the spatial distance formula:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, ε i represents the error term of the i-th distance measurement;

[0016] S2. When there is a measurement error, the least squares method is used to solve the equations to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, J(x,y,z) represents the sum of the squares of the theoretical distance and the measured distance errors of all anchor points. This function needs to be minimized to optimize the coordinates. (xx i ) 2 +(yy i ) 2 +(zz i ) 2 Represents the theoretical square distance between the device and the i-th anchor point. By minimizing J, the measurement noise ε can be suppressed. i the impact of;

[0019] S3. Select an anchor point (x0, y0, z0) as the initial estimate, perform Taylor expansion on the target function at the initial value (x0, y0, z0), ignore the higher-order terms, and approximate it to a linear function. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, r i represents the initial distance between the initial estimate and the i-th anchor point;

[0022] S4. Let Δx = x-x0, Δy = y-y0, Δz = z-z0, then the linear equations are:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, Δx, Δy, Δz represent the coordinate increments, A represents the coefficient matrix, which is composed of the difference between the initial value and the anchor point coordinates, and is used to describe the linear relationship between the coordinate increment and the distance error. The i-th row of the coefficient matrix A is: A i =[(x0-x i ),(y0-y i ),(z0-z i )], b represents a constant term vector, which is composed of the square difference between the measured distance and the initial distance, reflecting the difference between the current estimated value and the actual measured value. The i-th element of b is:

[0025] S5. Use the pseudo-inverse matrix to solve the optimal increment [Δx, Δy, Δz] T :

[0026]

[0027] Among them, A Trepresents the transposed matrix of matrix A, (A T A) -1 Represents the matrix A T The inverse matrix of A, [Δx, Δy, Δz] T The optimal solution for the coordinate increment is obtained by least squares fitting and is used to update the initial estimate;

[0028] S6. Update coordinates and iterate, new coordinates:

[0029] x new =x0+Δx,y new =y0+Δy,z new =z0+Δz

[0030] Repeat steps S3-S6 until the increment If the coordinates are less than a preset threshold, the calculated coordinates are packaged and sent to the adjacent nodes through wireless communication. The adjacent nodes receive and parse the data packets and update the locally stored location information of the device.

[0031] To convert the electromagnetic signature into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value, the device's main control chip retrieves the previously acquired and stored electromagnetic signature coefficient k from the device's internal memory and establishes a mapping table between the k value and the impedance value. Assuming the three critical values ​​are a, b, and d, and satisfying 0<a<b<d≤1, the mapping rule is:

[0032] When 0≤k<a, the device is mapped to a low-impedance type. In practical applications, low-impedance devices have less obstruction to RF signals, and signal transmission is relatively smooth.

[0033] When a≤k<b, the device is mapped as a medium impedance type, and its signal transmission characteristics are at a medium level;

[0034] When b≤k≤d, the device is mapped to a high-impedance type. High-impedance devices will significantly hinder RF signals, resulting in greater signal transmission loss.

[0035] The mapped impedance value is stored as an important attribute of the device in the local database of the device, with the unique identifier of the device as the key and the mapped impedance value as the value;

[0036] Based on the distance between devices and the dielectric properties of the environment, the signal transmission loss between adjacent devices is evaluated and marked as low-loss areas. After obtaining the location coordinates of the device itself and adjacent devices, the distance between device A1 (x1, y1, z1) and device B1 (x2, y2, z2) is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Based on the Euclidean distance formula in three-dimensional space, the distance between all device pairs is calculated, and device pairs with a distance less than 10 cm are screened out. These device pairs are considered to have potentially good communication conditions and proceed to the next step of signal loss assessment. Capacitive sensors are placed on the surface of the device housing. By measuring the equivalent capacitance value between the device and the adjacent device, the dielectric constant of the medium between them is inferred. The device sends a detection signal of a specific frequency and power to the selected adjacent devices, receives the signal returned by the adjacent device, measures the power of the received signal, and calculates the power attenuation of the signal from transmission to reception. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Where, decay represents the power attenuation value, P f Indicates the signal power at the transmitting end, P j Indicates the signal power detected by the receiving end. Areas are marked according to the signal attenuation value. If the signal attenuation is less than 3dB, the area between the device pair is marked as a low-loss area, indicating that the path is suitable for efficient signal transmission and is the preferred communication path. If the signal attenuation is between 3-8dB, it is marked as a medium-loss area and the path can still be used for communication. If the signal attenuation is greater than 8dB, it is marked as a high-loss area. The device coordinate information, device impedance value, and signal loss data between the device pair are imported into the modeling engine;

[0041] The target area is divided into three-dimensional grids, which are divided into several cube grids. The initial dielectric constant is assigned to each grid. The initial field strength is set according to the impedance value of the device with the device as the center. For low-impedance devices, the initial field strength around them is strong because low impedance is conducive to signal propagation and the signal strength is relatively large. The initial field strength around high-impedance devices is small. The field strength is extended along the low-loss path. In the high-loss area, the field strength decays rapidly. The propagation characteristics of the signal in different loss environments are simulated. The field strength value of each grid is continuously updated through iterative calculation. In each iteration, the field strength change of the current network is calculated using the finite element algorithm based on the field strength value and dielectric constant parameters of the adjacent grids. The iteration is continued until the field strength change rate of the entire field is less than 1% indicates that the field distribution calculation has reached a convergence state, and a stable three-dimensional field distribution result is obtained. The position of the device in the three-dimensional space is represented by a sphere. The size of the sphere is set according to the impedance value of the device. The sphere corresponding to the high-impedance device is large because the influence range of the high-impedance device on the field distribution is relatively large. The sphere corresponding to the low-impedance device is small. The communication path between the devices is represented by a connecting line. The thickness of the connecting line indicates the signal strength. The connecting line corresponding to the low-loss path is thick, indicating that the signal transmission quality is good, and the connecting line corresponding to the high-loss path is thin. The dielectric constant distribution is represented by spatial color gradient. Blue represents the low dielectric constant area, and red represents the high dielectric constant area. The set properties are rendered through the modeling engine to generate an intuitive three-dimensional topology map.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in S103, the impedance values ​​and mutual impedance loss markers of all devices are extracted from the three-dimensional topological map, and device pairs with loss less than 5 dB are screened as potential direct communication links. The spatial coordinates between the devices are connected to determine whether they pass through high-impedance areas. The spatial information in the three-dimensional topological map is used to determine whether these links are physically blocked. If the connection between device A1 (x1, y1, z1) and device B1 (x2, y2, z2) passes through multiple high-impedance devices, it is determined to be blocked; otherwise, it is unblocked. The unblocked links are sorted in ascending order by loss value, and the first three links with the lowest loss are preferentially selected as the primary path. The devices in the low-loss area are regarded as a virtual antenna array, and the position coordinates and impedance value of each device are obtained. If devices A1, B1, and C1 form an equilateral triangle with a side length of 5 cm, it is regarded as a uniform array. The steering vector is calculated based on the array geometry. The specific calculation formula is:

[0043] α(θ,φ)=[1,e -jkdist sinθcosφ ,e -jkdist sinθsinφ ,...] T

[0044] Among them, θ represents the pitch angle, φ represents the azimuth angle, is the wave number, dist represents the device distance, and the maximum ratio combining algorithm is used to assign a weight to each device to maximize the gain of the synthesized beam in the direction of the target device. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Where φi represents the phase offset of the signal of device i, which is compensated by the adjustable phase shifter, and loss i The system updates the steering vector every 10ms based on the device's position change to ensure the beam is always aligned with the target device. It continuously measures the attenuation of the primary link. When the loss exceeds a preset threshold, it triggers the relay activation process. It searches the 3D topology map for candidate parasitic radiators that are less than 10cm away from both ends of the primary link, prioritizing devices with low impedance. For selected parasitic radiators, it adjusts the surface capacitance element through the following steps:

[0047] S1. Preset capacitance value according to device shell size Among them, E s It represents the equivalent plate spacing, which is the average distance between the metal layer of the device shell and the internal circuit or reference ground plane. ε0 represents the vacuum dielectric constant, E A Represents the equivalent plate area, which is the effective area of ​​the device housing involved in electromagnetic coupling;

[0048] S2. If you need to reflect the signal, adjust the capacitor so that the surface reactance of the shell is purely inductive (C<C0). If you need to refract the signal, adjust the capacitor so that the surface reactance of the shell is purely capacitive (C>→0).

[0049] S3. Iteratively adjust the capacitance value using a gradient descent method based on the feedback signal strength until the link loss is lower than a second preset threshold (e.g., 8 dB);

[0050] The master device forwards the signal through the adjusted parasitic radiator, forming a relay link from master device to parasitic radiator to target device.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, in said S104, at the transmitting end, a pulse generator with high voltage output capability is installed, the output electrodes of the pulse generator are correctly connected and fixed to ensure that the electrode spacing is appropriate, at the receiving end, a photodetector is installed to detect plasma luminescence, and a piezoelectric module is installed to collect the mechanical energy generated by plasma expansion and convert it into electrical energy, the data to be transmitted is preprocessed, and according to the selected pulse position coding rule, the data is converted into a pulse position coding sequence, the coded data is checked and error-corrected, and according to the coded data pulse sequence, the repetition frequency of the high-voltage pulse generator is set, and the modulation depth-related parameters are determined, and according to the coded data pulse sequence and the set modulation parameters, the high-voltage pulse generator is controlled to output the corresponding high-voltage pulse sequence, and during the modulation process, the output signal of the pulse generator and the plasma state are monitored in real time, and the photodetector at the receiving end detects the time interval of plasma luminescence in real time, and the photodetector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and The electrical signals are collected by high-speed data acquisition equipment. At the same time, the piezoelectric module senses the mechanical vibrations generated by the expansion of the plasma in real time and converts them into electrical signals. The electrical signals output by the piezoelectric module are also collected synchronously. The collected electrical signals output by the photodetector are preprocessed to remove noise interference. The preprocessed signals are decoded according to the encoding rules of the transmitter. The original data information is restored by analyzing the time interval of the pulses. The decoded data is verified. The check and error correction coding information added by the transmitter is used to check whether there are any errors in the data during transmission. When an error is found, error correction is performed according to the error correction algorithm to restore the correct data. The electrical signals output and collected by the piezoelectric module are rectified and filtered, and converted into a stable DC voltage. The processed electrical energy is stored in an energy storage device for temporary power supply of the equipment. The efficiency of energy collection and the power status of the storage device are monitored in real time, and the parameters of the energy collection and processing circuits are adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, in said S105, a signal monitoring module is configured on the receiving end device, a monitoring period and a signal validity judgment standard are set, and a signal reception counter and a time recorder are initialized. The signal monitoring module receives signals from the communication link in real time and judges the validity of each received signal. Whenever the signal reception counter increases, the time recorder is updated to calculate the duration of continuous failure to receive a valid signal. When the duration of continuous failure to receive a valid signal reaches 50ms, the communication link is determined to be interrupted, an emergency mode is triggered, and a link interruption alarm is sent to the control center. After receiving the link interruption alarm, the control center immediately obtains the topology information of the current communication network from the network topology database, determines the location of the link interruption point, and roughly determines the location of the interruption point by analyzing the location of the device that last received a valid signal and the signal transmission direction. Based on the topology information, the control center selects the set of devices closest to the interruption point, and gives priority to devices whose electromagnetic impedance matches the original communication link. After determining the final relay node, the control center sends a link interruption alarm to the control center. The node sends an activation command, and an alternating magnetic field generator is installed at the relay node. The frequency and intensity parameters of the alternating magnetic field are set according to the magnetostrictive characteristic parameters of the relay node. The alternating magnetic field generator is started to generate an alternating magnetic field that acts on the iron-nickel alloy shell of the relay node. Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the relay node material undergoes magnetostrictive deformation, thereby exciting elastic surface waves and transmitting the received signal in the form of mechanical vibration. A mechanical connection structure is established between the relay node and the receiving end. A piezoelectric conversion module is installed at the receiving end. When the elastic surface wave is transmitted to the receiving end and causes mechanical vibration of the piezoelectric module, the piezoelectric effect is used to convert the mechanical vibration into an electrical signal. The output electrical signal of the piezoelectric module is restored to a communication signal that can be recognized by the receiving device after amplification, filtering and other signal processing circuits, thereby realizing communication recovery. During the relay transmission process, the quality of the recovered signal at the receiving end is monitored in real time. According to the signal quality monitoring results, the parameters of the alternating magnetic field generator are adjusted to improve the signal quality and stability of the relay transmission.

[0053] The present invention also provides a wireless connection control device for a battery management device, comprising:

[0054] Electromagnetic fingerprint feature acquisition module: The built-in radio frequency sensor transmits a sweep frequency signal to the metal casing, extracts the corresponding first and second resonant frequencies, and combines them with the hardware serial number to generate a unique electromagnetic signature;

[0055] 3D impedance topology map construction module: This module converts electromagnetic signatures into equivalent RF impedance values ​​by spatially locating UWB devices. Based on device location, impedance values, and mutual impedance data, a 3D topology map is generated.

[0056] Relay path determination module: This module searches for the connectivity path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topology map and calculates the coordinated beam pointing angle based on the geometric distribution of the device array.

[0057] Directed energy transmission channel establishment module: Nanosecond-level high-voltage pulses are applied between the electrodes of the transmitting device. The receiving end detects the time interval of plasma luminescence through a photodetector, converting the mechanical vibration generated by the plasma expansion into electrical energy to provide temporary power for the device.

[0058] Emergency interruption and energy transmission module: When no valid signal is received for a continuous period of time, the link is determined to be interrupted, the emergency mode is triggered, and the device closest to the interruption point and with matching electromagnetic impedance is preferentially selected as the relay node.

[0059] The present invention also provides a battery management device, which includes a memory and at least one processor. The memory is used to store computer programs and example quantization values ​​corresponding to at least one processor. When the processor executes a set of computer instructions, it executes the operating steps of the wireless connection control method of the battery management device.

[0060] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention does not need to rely on traditional communication protocols or IP addresses, directly establishes a connection through electromagnetic fingerprints and radio frequency impedance, automatically forms a network when powered on, greatly reduces the complexity of protocol stack development, and is suitable for battery systems with extremely high real-time requirements and communication delays, avoiding congestion or compatibility issues at the protocol layer. Through positioning and radio frequency impedance mapping, a three-dimensional topological map containing a dielectric constant gradient is dynamically generated to accurately reflect the impedance matching degree and signal loss of the device position, support network self-reconstruction when the device moves or increases or decreases, give priority to low-loss direct links, and iteratively optimize the surface capacitive reactance elements of the relay node through the gradient descent method, dynamically bypass obstacles, and improve the communication robustness in complex electromagnetic environments. It automatically identifies the identity of the device based on the electromagnetic fingerprint, without manual configuration or pre-programming, and is suitable for rapid deployment of large-scale battery modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 is a block diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 A flowchart of the full process of adaptive beamforming and relay path determination of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the equipment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0066] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically specified.

[0067] In the description of this application, the term "for example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration or explanation". Any embodiment described as "for example" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be implemented without using these specific details. In other examples, well-known structures and processes will not be elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0068] like Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for controlling a wireless connection of a battery management device, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] S101, transmitting a sweep frequency signal to the metal housing through a built-in radio frequency sensor, extracting the corresponding first resonant frequency and second resonant frequency and generating a unique electromagnetic signature in combination with the hardware serial number;

[0070] Furthermore, the device's built-in RF sensor sends a sweep detection signal to the metal casing, and the circular antenna array on the casing surface collects the reflected signal to generate a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio changing with frequency. The voltage standing wave ratio curve is traversed, and all local maximum and minimum points are marked. The first resonant frequency corresponding to the global minimum voltage standing wave ratio point is screened out, recorded as f1, and the second resonant frequency corresponding to the global maximum voltage standing wave ratio point is screened out, recorded as f2. If the curve has no obvious extreme points, it is determined that the casing material is abnormal, triggering a device type error. According to the ratio of f1 and f2: Combine the k value with the serial number through XOR operation to generate a 32-bit electromagnetic signature, EM_ID = SHA-256 ( The electromagnetic signature is written into the device memory and recalculated and verified each time the device is turned on to ensure that the fingerprint has not been tampered with.

[0071] S102. Convert the electromagnetic signature into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value through spatial positioning of the UWB device, and generate a three-dimensional topological map based on the device location, impedance value, and mutual impedance data;

[0072] Furthermore, the device's built-in UWB module is activated. This module acts as an ultra-wideband positioning tag, checks the communication interface between the UWB module and the device's main control chip, and pre-deploys several UWB anchor points with known position coordinates in the target area. The position information of these anchor points is measured by high-precision measurement equipment and stored in a database. The device's UWB module sends a positioning request signal to the surrounding anchor points. After receiving the signal, the anchor point records the signal arrival time and immediately sends a response signal back to the device. After receiving the response signal, the device records the time difference between the round-trip signal. Based on the signal propagation speed in the air and the signal round-trip time difference, the TOF algorithm is used to calculate the distance between the device and each anchor point d = c × t / 2, where c represents the speed of light and t represents the signal round-trip time difference. Through the principle of triangulation positioning, the distance between the device and the anchor point and the known coordinates of the anchor point are used to calculate the coordinates (x, y, z) of the device in three-dimensional space. The multi-anchor distance data is used to iteratively calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the device and combined with the least squares method to improve the positioning accuracy. The specific steps are as follows:

[0073] S1. Set the device coordinates to P(x,y,z). There are n anchor points (n≥3). The coordinates of the i-th anchor point are A. i (x i ,y i ,z i ) The measured distance between the device and the anchor point is d i , according to the spatial distance formula:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, ε i represents the error term of the i-th distance measurement;

[0076] S2. When there is a measurement error, the least squares method is used to solve the equations to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, J(x,y,z) represents the sum of the squares of the theoretical distance and the measured distance errors of all anchor points. This function needs to be minimized to optimize the coordinates. (xx i ) 2 +(yy i ) 2 +(zz i ) 2 Represents the theoretical square distance between the device and the i-th anchor point. By minimizing J, the measurement noise ε can be suppressed. i the impact of;

[0079] S3. Select an anchor point (x0, y0, z0) as the initial estimate, perform Taylor expansion on the target function at the initial value (x0, y0, z0), ignore the higher-order terms, and approximate it to a linear function. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, r i represents the initial distance between the initial estimate and the i-th anchor point;

[0082] S4. Let Δx = x-x0, Δy = y-y0, Δz = z-z0, then the linear equations are:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, Δx, Δy, Δz represent the coordinate increments, A represents the coefficient matrix, which is composed of the difference between the initial value and the anchor point coordinates, and is used to describe the linear relationship between the coordinate increment and the distance error. The i-th row of the coefficient matrix A is: A i =[(x0-x i ),(y0-y i ),(z0-z i )], b represents a constant term vector, which is composed of the square difference between the measured distance and the initial distance, reflecting the difference between the current estimated value and the actual measured value. The i-th element of b is:

[0085] S5. Use the pseudo-inverse matrix to solve the optimal increment [Δx, Δy, Δz] T :

[0086]

[0087] Among them, A T represents the transposed matrix of matrix A, (A T A) -1 Represents the matrix A T The inverse matrix of A, [Δx, Δy, Δz] T The optimal solution for the coordinate increment is obtained by least squares fitting and is used to update the initial estimate;

[0088] S6. Update coordinates and iterate, new coordinates:

[0089] x new =x0+Δx,y new =y0+Δy,z new =z0+Δz

[0090] Repeat steps S3-S6 until the increment Less than a preset threshold (e.g. 10 -4 ), the calculated coordinates are packaged through wireless communication and the data packets are sent to the adjacent nodes, which receive and parse the data packets and update the device location information stored locally;

[0091] To convert the electromagnetic signature into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value, the device's main control chip retrieves the previously acquired and stored electromagnetic signature coefficient k from the device's internal memory and establishes a mapping table between the k value and the impedance value. Assuming the three critical values ​​are a, b, and d, and satisfying 0<a<b<d≤1, the mapping rule is:

[0092] When 0≤k<a, the device is mapped to a low-impedance type. In practical applications, low-impedance devices have less obstruction to RF signals, and signal transmission is relatively smooth.

[0093] When a≤k<b, the device is mapped as a medium impedance type, and its signal transmission characteristics are at a medium level;

[0094] When b≤k≤d, the device is mapped to a high-impedance type. High-impedance devices will significantly hinder RF signals, resulting in greater signal transmission loss.

[0095] The mapped impedance value is stored as an important attribute of the device in the local database of the device, with the unique identifier of the device as the key and the mapped impedance value as the value;

[0096] Based on the distance between devices and the dielectric properties of the environment, the signal transmission loss between adjacent devices is evaluated and marked as low-loss areas. After obtaining the location coordinates of the device itself and adjacent devices, the distance between device A1 (x1, y1, z1) and device B1 (x2, y2, z2) is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0097]

[0098] Based on the Euclidean distance formula in three-dimensional space, the distance between all device pairs is calculated, and device pairs with a distance less than 10 cm are screened out. These device pairs are considered to have potentially good communication conditions and proceed to the next step of signal loss assessment. Capacitive sensors are placed on the surface of the device housing. By measuring the equivalent capacitance value between the device and the adjacent device, the dielectric constant of the medium between them is inferred. The device sends a detection signal of a specific frequency and power to the selected adjacent devices, receives the signal returned by the adjacent device, measures the power of the received signal, and calculates the power attenuation of the signal from transmission to reception. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where, decay represents the power attenuation value, P f Indicates the signal power at the transmitting end, P j Indicates the signal power detected by the receiving end. Areas are marked according to the signal attenuation value. If the signal attenuation is less than 3dB, the area between the device pair is marked as a low-loss area, indicating that the path is suitable for efficient signal transmission and is the preferred communication path. If the signal attenuation is between 3-8dB, it is marked as a medium-loss area. The path can still be used for communication, but some signal enhancement measures may need to be taken. If the signal attenuation is greater than 8dB, it is marked as a high-loss area. The communication quality of this path is poor and should be avoided unless necessary. The device coordinate information, device impedance value, and signal loss data between the device pair are imported into the modeling engine;

[0101] The target area is divided into three-dimensional grids, which are divided into several cube grids. The initial dielectric constant is assigned to each grid. The initial field strength is set according to the impedance value of the device with the device as the center. For low-impedance devices, the initial field strength around them is strong because low impedance is conducive to signal propagation and the signal strength is relatively large. The initial field strength around high-impedance devices is small. The field strength is expanded along the low-loss path. In the low-loss area, the field strength expands according to a certain propagation law and is calculated according to the propagation equation of electromagnetic waves. As the propagation distance increases, the field strength will gradually decay, but on the low-loss path, the decay rate is relatively slow. In the high-loss area, the field strength decays rapidly, simulating the propagation characteristics of the signal in different loss environments. The field strength value of each grid is continuously updated through iterative calculation. In each iteration, the field strength value and dielectric constant parameter of the adjacent grid are used. , use the finite element algorithm to calculate the field strength change of the current network, and continue to iterate until the field strength change rate of the entire field is less than 1%, indicating that the field distribution calculation has reached a convergence state, and a stable three-dimensional field distribution result is obtained. The position of the device in the three-dimensional space is represented by a sphere. The size of the sphere is set according to the impedance value of the device. The sphere corresponding to the high-impedance device is large because the high-impedance device has a relatively large range of influence on the field distribution. The sphere corresponding to the low-impedance device is small. The communication path between the devices is represented by a connecting line. The thickness of the connecting line indicates the signal strength. The connecting line corresponding to the low-loss path is thick, indicating that the signal transmission quality is good, and the connecting line corresponding to the high-loss path is thin. The dielectric constant distribution is represented by spatial color gradient. Blue represents the low dielectric constant area, and red represents the high dielectric constant area. The set properties are rendered through the modeling engine to generate an intuitive three-dimensional topology map.

[0102] It should be noted that the use factor of 10 in the power attenuation value is determined by the definition of decibel and the logarithmic conversion rule of power units.

[0103] It should be noted that the specific logical steps for using the finite element algorithm to simulate the propagation characteristics of signals in different loss environments are as follows:

[0104] S1. Clearly define the physical space range where signal propagation needs to be simulated, such as a three-dimensional space containing the signal emission source, propagation medium, and receiving area. Divide the calculation area into a large number of small grid cells. Structured grids (such as regular cubic grids) or unstructured grids (such as tetrahedral grids) can be used. Each grid cell has a corresponding number to facilitate subsequent calculations and management. Record the geometric dimensions of each grid cell (such as side length, volume, etc.) and its position coordinates in space. At the same time, assign material property parameters such as dielectric constant and conductivity to each grid cell. These parameters will affect the signal propagation characteristics.

[0105] S2. Specify the field strength value on the boundary of the calculation area. For example, on the boundary of an ideal conductor, the electric field strength is 0. On the boundary of a known signal input, set the amplitude, phase and other parameters of the input field strength, and specify the normal derivative of the field strength on the boundary. For example, on an open boundary, you can set the radiation condition of the field strength to ensure the reasonable propagation of the signal at the boundary. Set the initial field strength value for each grid cell. Generally, the initial field strength is assigned at the signal source location, such as the electric field strength in the form of a sine wave. The initial field strength at other locations can be set to 0.

[0106] S3. For each grid cell, select a suitable basis function to approximate the distribution of the field strength within the cell. Common basis functions include linear basis functions and quadratic basis functions. For example, for linear basis functions, the field strength within the cell can be expressed as a linear combination of the node field strengths. Based on the basic electromagnetic equations such as Maxwell's equations, they are converted into weak form equations through weighted residual methods (such as Galerkin's method). In the weak form equations, the derivative operation of the field strength with respect to space is converted into an integral form to facilitate subsequent numerical calculations. The weak form equations of each grid cell are discretized to obtain the cell matrix equation. Then, all the cell matrix equations are assembled into an overall matrix equation according to certain rules. The matrix equation describes the relationship between the field strengths in the entire calculation area. The overall matrix is ​​usually a large sparse matrix.

[0107] S4. In each iteration, for each grid cell, the change in the field strength of the current grid cell is calculated according to the finite element equation based on the field strength values, dielectric constants and other parameters of its adjacent grid cells. The field strengths of the adjacent grids couple to the current grid through the basis functions and the finite element equation. Based on the calculated change in field strength, the field strength value of each grid cell is updated. For example, the new field strength value is equal to the old field strength value plus the calculated change. All grid cells are traversed to calculate the rate of change of the overall field strength. The specific calculation formula is:

[0108]

[0109] in, and are the field strength values ​​of the grid (i, j, k) at the nth and n+1th iterations, respectively;

[0110] S5. Compare the calculated rate of change of the full-field field strength with the set convergence threshold of 1%. If the rate of change is less than 1%, it means that the field strength distribution has stabilized and the iterative calculation ends. Otherwise, continue with the next round of iteration and repeat the calculation process of S4 until the convergence condition is met.

[0111] S103. Searching for a connectivity path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topology map, and calculating the collaborative beam pointing angle based on the geometric distribution of the device array;

[0112] Furthermore, the impedance values ​​and mutual impedance loss markers of all devices are extracted from the 3D topology map. Device pairs with a loss of less than 5 dB are selected as potential direct communication links. The spatial coordinates between the devices are connected to determine whether they pass through high-impedance areas. The spatial information in the 3D topology map is used to determine whether these links are physically blocked. If the connection between device A1 (x1, y1, z1) and device B1 (x2, y2, z2) passes through multiple high-impedance devices or high-dielectric-constant areas, it is determined to be "blocked". Otherwise, it is "unblocked". The unblocked links are sorted in ascending order by loss value, and the first three links with the lowest loss are preferentially selected as the primary path. The devices in the low-loss area are regarded as a virtual antenna array, and the position coordinates and impedance values ​​of each device are obtained. If devices A1, B1, and C1 form an equilateral triangle with a side length of 5 cm, it is considered a uniform array. The steering vector is calculated based on the array geometry. The specific calculation formula is:

[0113] α(θ,φ)=[1,e -jkdist sinθcosφ ,e -jkdist sinθsinφ ,...] T

[0114] Among them, θ represents the pitch angle, φ represents the azimuth angle, is the wave number, dist represents the device distance, and the maximum ratio combining algorithm is used to assign a weight to each device to maximize the gain of the synthesized beam in the direction of the target device. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] Where φi represents the phase offset of the signal of device i, which is compensated by the adjustable phase shifter, and loss i The system updates the steering vector every 10ms based on the device's position change to ensure the beam is always aligned with the target device. It continuously measures the attenuation of the primary link. When the loss exceeds a preset threshold, it triggers the relay activation process. It searches the 3D topology map for candidate parasitic radiators that are less than 10cm away from both ends of the primary link, prioritizing devices with low impedance. For selected parasitic radiators, it adjusts the surface capacitance element through the following steps:

[0117] S1. Preset capacitance value according to device shell size Among them, E s It represents the equivalent plate spacing, which is the average distance between the metal layer of the device shell and the internal circuit or reference ground plane. ε0 represents the vacuum dielectric constant, E A Represents the equivalent plate area, which is the effective area of ​​the device housing involved in electromagnetic coupling;

[0118] S2. If you need to reflect the signal, adjust the capacitor so that the surface reactance of the shell is purely inductive (C<C0). If you need to refract the signal, adjust the capacitor so that the surface reactance of the shell is purely capacitive (C>C0).

[0119] S3. Iteratively adjust the capacitance value using a gradient descent method based on the feedback signal strength until the link loss is lower than a second preset threshold (e.g., 8 dB);

[0120] The master device forwards the signal through the adjusted parasitic radiator, forming a relay link from master device to parasitic radiator to target device.

[0121] Exemplarily, device A → device D (parasitic radiator) → device B, wherein device D reflects the signal to device B through capacitive reactance adjustment, bypassing the obstacle.

[0122] S104: Apply nanosecond-level high-voltage pulses between electrodes of the transmitting device. The receiving device detects the time interval of plasma luminescence through a photodetector, converting the mechanical vibration generated by the plasma expansion into electrical energy to temporarily power the device.

[0123] Furthermore, at the transmitting end, a pulse generator with high voltage output capability is installed, and the output electrodes of the pulse generator are correctly connected and fixed to ensure that the electrode spacing is appropriate to facilitate air ionization. At the receiving end, a photodetector is installed to detect plasma luminescence, and a piezoelectric module is installed to collect the mechanical energy generated by plasma expansion and convert it into electrical energy. It is ensured that the installation positions of the photodetector and the piezoelectric module can effectively sense plasma-related signals, and the data to be transmitted is pre-processed. According to the selected pulse position coding rule, the data is converted into a pulse position coding sequence, and the coded data is checked and error-corrected to improve the possibility of data transmission and reduce the transmission process. The bit error rate in the data is determined by setting the repetition frequency of the high-voltage pulse generator according to the encoded data pulse sequence, and determining the modulation depth and other related parameters. The modulation depth determines the response degree of the plasma density change to the data signal. According to the encoded data pulse sequence and the set modulation parameters, the high-voltage pulse generator is controlled to output the corresponding high-voltage pulse sequence. With the output of the high-voltage pulse, the plasma density between the electrodes will change dynamically according to the data information to realize the modulation of the data on the plasma. During the modulation process, the output signal of the pulse generator and the plasma state are monitored in real time to ensure that the modulation process is stable and accurate. If there is any deviation, the modulation parameters are adjusted in time to ensure that the data can be correctly The plasma carries and transmits light, and the photodetector at the receiving end detects the time interval of plasma light emission in real time. The photodetector converts the light signal into an electrical signal, and collects the electrical signal through high-speed data acquisition equipment to ensure that the time information of each pulse can be accurately captured. At the same time, the piezoelectric module senses the mechanical vibration generated by the expansion of the plasma in real time and converts it into an electrical signal. The electrical signal output by the piezoelectric module is also synchronously collected. The electrical signal output by the collected photodetector is preprocessed to remove noise interference and improve the signal quality. According to the coding rules of the sending end, the preprocessed signal is decoded and the original data is restored by analyzing the time interval of the pulse. Information, verify the decoded data, use the check and error correction coding information added by the sender to check whether there are any errors in the data during transmission. When an error is found, error correction processing is performed according to the error correction algorithm to restore the correct data. The electrical signal output and collected by the piezoelectric module is rectified and filtered, and converted into a stable DC voltage. The processed electrical energy is stored through an energy storage device (such as a supercapacitor or a small battery) for temporary power supply of the equipment. The energy collection efficiency and the power status of the storage device are monitored in real time. The parameters of the energy collection and processing circuits are adjusted according to the actual situation to improve the energy collection efficiency and ensure that the equipment can obtain sufficient power supply.

[0124] S105. When no valid signal is received for a continuous period of time, the link is determined to be interrupted, an emergency mode is triggered, and a device closest to the interruption point and with matching electromagnetic impedance is preferentially selected as a relay node;

[0125] Furthermore, a signal monitoring module is configured on the receiving device, a monitoring cycle and a signal validity judgment standard are set, and a signal receiving counter and a time recorder are initialized to record the duration of time when no valid signal is received continuously. The signal monitoring module receives signals from the communication link in real time and performs validity judgment on each received signal. If the received signal meets the preset valid signal standard, the signal receiving counter and the time recorder are reset. If not, the signal receiving counter is increased. Whenever the signal receiving counter increases, the time recorder is updated to calculate the duration of time when no valid signal is received continuously. When the duration of time when no valid signal is received continuously reaches 50ms, the communication link is determined to be interrupted, the emergency mode is triggered, and a link interruption alarm is sent to the control center. After receiving the link interruption alarm, the control center immediately obtains the topology information of the current communication network from the network topology database, including the location coordinates, electromagnetic impedance parameters and connection relationships between devices of all devices, determines the location of the link interruption point, and roughly determines the location of the interruption point by analyzing the location of the device that last received the valid signal and the signal transmission direction. Based on the topology information, the set of devices closest to the interruption point is screened out, and recommendations are made for the screened candidate devices. Check its electromagnetic impedance parameters, give priority to the device whose electromagnetic impedance matches the original communication link, and after determining the final relay node, send an activation command to the node. Install an alternating magnetic field generator at the relay node, set the frequency and intensity parameters of the alternating magnetic field according to the magnetostrictive characteristic parameters of the relay node, start the alternating magnetic field generator, and generate an alternating magnetic field to act on the iron-nickel alloy shell of the relay node. Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the relay node material undergoes magnetostrictive deformation, thereby exciting elastic surface waves, transmitting the received signal in the form of mechanical vibration, and establishing a mechanical connection structure between the relay node and the receiving end. , ensuring that elastic surface waves can be effectively transmitted from the relay node to the receiving end. At the receiving end, a piezoelectric conversion module is installed. When the elastic surface wave is transmitted to the receiving end and causes mechanical vibration of the piezoelectric module, the piezoelectric effect is used to convert the mechanical vibration into an electrical signal. The output electrical signal of the piezoelectric module is restored to a communication signal that can be recognized by the receiving device after amplification, filtering and other signal processing circuits, thereby realizing communication recovery. During the relay transmission process, the quality of the restored signal at the receiving end is monitored in real time. According to the signal quality monitoring results, the parameters of the alternating magnetic field generator are adjusted to improve the signal quality and stability of the relay transmission.

[0126] Example 2

[0127] The present invention also provides a wireless connection control device for a battery management device, comprising:

[0128] Electromagnetic fingerprint feature acquisition module: The built-in radio frequency sensor transmits a sweep frequency signal to the metal casing, extracts the corresponding first and second resonant frequencies, and combines them with the hardware serial number to generate a unique electromagnetic signature;

[0129] 3D impedance topology map construction module: This module converts electromagnetic signatures into equivalent RF impedance values ​​by spatially locating UWB devices. Based on device location, impedance values, and mutual impedance data, a 3D topology map is generated.

[0130] Relay path determination module: This module searches for the connectivity path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topology map and calculates the coordinated beam pointing angle based on the geometric distribution of the device array.

[0131] Directed energy transmission channel establishment module: Nanosecond-level high-voltage pulses are applied between the electrodes of the transmitting device. The receiving end detects the time interval of plasma luminescence through a photodetector, converting the mechanical vibration generated by the plasma expansion into electrical energy to provide temporary power for the device.

[0132] Emergency interruption and energy transmission module: When no valid signal is received for a continuous period of time, the link is determined to be interrupted, the emergency mode is triggered, and the device closest to the interruption point and with matching electromagnetic impedance is preferentially selected as the relay node.

[0133] Example 3

[0134] The present invention also provides a battery management device, which includes a memory and at least one processor. The memory is used to store computer programs and example quantization values ​​corresponding to at least one processor. When the processor executes a set of computer instructions, it executes the operating steps of the wireless connection control method of the battery management device.

[0135] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0136] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0137] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded computer, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0138] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0139] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0140] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0141] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A wireless connection control method for a battery management device, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101, transmitting a sweep frequency signal to the metal housing through a built-in radio frequency sensor, extracting the corresponding first resonant frequency and second resonant frequency and generating a unique electromagnetic signature in combination with the hardware serial number; S102. Convert the electromagnetic signature into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value through spatial positioning of the UWB device, and generate a three-dimensional topological map based on the device location, impedance value, and mutual impedance data; S103. Searching for a connectivity path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topology map, and calculating the collaborative beam pointing angle based on the geometric distribution of the device array; S104: Apply nanosecond-level high-voltage pulses between electrodes of the transmitting device. The receiving device detects the time interval of plasma luminescence through a photodetector, converting the mechanical vibration generated by the plasma expansion into electrical energy to temporarily power the device. S105: When no valid signal is received within a continuous period of time, the link is determined to be interrupted, an emergency mode is triggered, and a device closest to the interruption point and with matching electromagnetic impedance is preferentially selected as a relay node.

2. The wireless connection control method of the battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S101, a frequency sweep detection signal is sent to the metal casing through the built-in RF sensor of the device, and the reflected signal is collected by the circular antenna array on the surface of the casing to generate a spectrum of voltage standing wave ratio changes with frequency. The voltage standing wave ratio curve is traversed, and all local maximum and minimum points are marked. The first resonant frequency corresponding to the global minimum voltage standing wave ratio point is screened out, recorded as f1, and the second resonant frequency corresponding to the global maximum voltage standing wave ratio point is screened out, recorded as f2. If the curve has no obvious extreme point, it is determined that the casing material is abnormal, and the device type error is triggered. According to the ratio of f1 and f2: Combined with the device hardware serial number, the k value is combined with the serial number through an XOR operation to generate a 32-bit electromagnetic signature. The electromagnetic signature is written into the device memory and recalculated and verified each time the device is turned on to ensure that the fingerprint has not been tampered with.

3. The wireless connection control method of the battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S102, the UWB module built into the device is activated. The module serves as an ultra-wideband positioning tag. The communication interface between the UWB module and the device's main control chip is checked. Several UWB anchor points with known position coordinates are pre-deployed in the target area and stored in a database. The UWB module of the device sends a positioning request signal to the surrounding anchor points. After receiving the signal, the anchor point records the signal arrival time and immediately transmits a response signal back to the device. After receiving the response signal, the device records the time difference between the round trip signal. According to the propagation speed of the signal in the air and the round trip time difference of the signal, the distance d=c×t / 2 between the device and each anchor point is calculated using the TOF algorithm, where c represents the speed of light and t represents the round trip time difference of the signal. The coordinates (x, y, z) of the device in three-dimensional space are calculated using the triangulation positioning principle, the distance between the device and the anchor point, and the known coordinates of the anchor point. The three-dimensional coordinates of the device are iteratively calculated using the multi-anchor distance data and the least squares method is combined to improve the positioning accuracy. The specific steps are as follows: S1. Set the device coordinates to P(x,y,z). There are n anchor points in total, and the coordinates of the i-th anchor point are A. i (x i ,y i ,z i ) The measured distance between the device and the anchor point is d i ; S2. When there is measurement error, solve the equations by the least square method to minimize the sum of squared distance errors; S3. Select an anchor point (x0, y0, z0) as the initial estimate, perform Taylor expansion on the target function at the initial value (x0, y0, z0), ignore the higher-order terms, and approximate it as a linear function. S4. Let Δx = x-x0, Δy = y-y0, Δz = z-z0, then the linear equations are: Among them, Δx, Δy, Δz represent the coordinate increments, A represents the coefficient matrix, which is composed of the difference between the initial value and the anchor point coordinates, and is used to describe the linear relationship between the coordinate increment and the distance error. The i-th row of the coefficient matrix A is: A i =[(x0-x i ),(y0-y i ),(z0-z i )], b represents a constant term vector, which is composed of the square difference between the measured distance and the initial distance, reflecting the difference between the current estimated value and the actual measured value. The i-th element of b is: S5. Use the pseudo-inverse matrix to solve the optimal increment [Δx, Δy, Δz] T : Among them, A T represents the transposed matrix of matrix A, (A T A) -1 Represents the matrix A T The inverse matrix of A, [Δx, Δy, Δz] T The optimal solution for the coordinate increment is obtained by least squares fitting and is used to update the initial estimate; S6. Update the coordinates and iterate, package the calculated coordinates, and send the data packet to the adjacent nodes. The adjacent nodes receive and parse the data packet and update the device location information stored locally.

4. The wireless connection control method of the battery management device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic signature is converted into an equivalent radio frequency impedance value. The main control chip of the device retrieves the previously acquired and stored electromagnetic signature coefficient k from the internal memory of the device, establishes a mapping table between the k value and the impedance value, and assumes three critical values ​​of a, b, and d, satisfying 0<a<b<d≤1. The mapping rule is: when 0≤k<a, the device is mapped to a low impedance type; when a≤k<b, the device is mapped to a medium impedance type; when b≤k≤d, the device is mapped to a high impedance type. The mapped impedance value is used as an important attribute of the device and stored in the local database of the device, with the unique identifier of the device as the key and the mapped impedance value as the value.

5. The wireless connection control method of the battery management device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Based on the distance between devices and the dielectric properties of the environment, the signal transmission loss between adjacent devices is evaluated and marked as low-loss areas. After obtaining the location coordinates of the device itself and adjacent devices, the distance between device A1 (x1, y1, z1) and device B1 (x2, y2, z2) is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Based on the Euclidean distance formula in three-dimensional space, the distance between all device pairs is calculated, and device pairs with a distance less than 10 cm are screened out. The next step is signal loss assessment. Capacitive sensors are placed on the surface of the device housing. By measuring the equivalent capacitance between the device and adjacent devices, the dielectric constant of the medium between them is inferred. The device sends a detection signal of a specific frequency and power to the selected adjacent devices, receives the signal returned by the adjacent device, measures the power of the received signal, and calculates the power attenuation of the signal from transmission to reception. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Where, decay represents the power attenuation value, P f Indicates the signal power at the transmitting end, P j It indicates the signal power detected by the receiving end, and marks the area according to the signal attenuation value. If the signal attenuation is less than 3dB, the area between the device pair is marked as a low-loss area. If the signal attenuation is between 3-8dB, it is marked as a medium-loss area. If the signal attenuation is greater than 8dB, it is marked as a high-loss area. The coordinate information of the device, the device impedance value, and the signal loss data between the device pairs are imported into the modeling engine, and the target area is divided into three-dimensional grids. The set properties are rendered through the modeling engine to generate an intuitive three-dimensional topology map.

6. The wireless connection control method of a battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S103, the impedance values ​​and mutual impedance loss markers of all devices are extracted from the three-dimensional topology map, and device pairs with a loss of less than 5 dB are selected as potential direct communication links. The spatial coordinates between the devices are connected to determine whether they pass through a high-impedance area. The spatial information in the three-dimensional topology map is used to determine whether these links are physically blocked. If the line connecting device A1 (x1, y1, z1) and device B1 (x2, y2, z2) passes through multiple high-impedance devices, it is determined to be blocked; otherwise, it is unblocked. The unblocked links are sorted in ascending order by loss value, and the first three links with the lowest loss are preferentially selected as the primary path. The devices in the low-loss area are regarded as a virtual antenna array, and the position coordinates and impedance value of each device are obtained. If devices A1, B1, and C1 form an equilateral triangle with a side length of 5 cm, it is regarded as a uniform array. The steering vector is calculated based on the array geometry. The specific calculation formula is: α(θ,φ)=[1,e -jkdist sinθcos f,e -jkdist sinθsin f,...] T Among them, θ represents the pitch angle, φ represents the azimuth angle, is the wave number, dist represents the device distance, and the maximum ratio combining algorithm is used to assign a weight to each device to maximize the gain of the synthesized beam in the direction of the target device. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Where φi represents the phase offset of the signal of device i, which is compensated by the adjustable phase shifter, and loss i The system updates the steering vector every 10ms based on the device's position change to ensure the beam is always aligned with the target device. It continuously measures the attenuation of the primary link. When the loss exceeds a preset threshold, it triggers the relay activation process. It searches the 3D topology map for candidate parasitic radiators that are less than 10cm away from both ends of the primary link, prioritizing devices with low impedance. For selected parasitic radiators, it adjusts the surface capacitance element through the following steps: S1. Preset capacitance value according to device shell size Among them, E s It represents the equivalent plate spacing, which is the average distance between the metal layer of the device shell and the internal circuit or reference ground plane. ε0 represents the vacuum dielectric constant, E A Represents the equivalent plate area, which is the effective area of ​​the device housing involved in electromagnetic coupling; S2. If you need to reflect the signal, adjust the capacitor so that the surface reactance of the shell is purely inductive. If you need to refract the signal, adjust the capacitor so that the surface reactance of the shell is purely capacitive. S3. Iteratively adjust the capacitance value using a gradient descent method based on the feedback signal strength until the link loss is lower than a second preset threshold; The master device forwards the signal through the adjusted parasitic radiator, forming a relay link from master device to parasitic radiator to target device.

7. The wireless connection control method of a battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S104, the transmitting end uses a high-voltage pulse generator to modulate the data into a high-voltage pulse sequence according to the pulse position coding rule, excites the plasma channel to transmit the signal, and the receiving end uses a photoelectric detector to detect the plasma luminescence interval and decode the data. At the same time, a piezoelectric module is used to collect the mechanical energy of plasma expansion and convert it into electrical energy. It includes a dual acquisition channel: the photoelectric signal is restored to the original data after denoising, decoding and error correction processing, and the piezoelectric signal is stored as a backup power supply after rectification and filtering. During the transmission process, the pulse output, plasma state and energy collection efficiency are monitored in real time, and the modulation parameters and energy processing circuit are dynamically adjusted.

8. The wireless connection control method of a battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S105, a signal monitoring module is configured at the receiving end. When no valid signal is detected for 50 ms continuously, an alarm is triggered. The control center locates the interruption point based on the topological data, and uses a nearby impedance-matched device as a relay node. The alternating magnetic field excites the iron-nickel alloy shell of the relay node to produce magnetostrictive deformation, converts the signal into an elastic surface wave, and transmits it to the receiving end via a mechanical connection. The receiving end uses a piezoelectric module to restore the mechanical vibration to an electrical signal, and restores communication after processing. During the relay process, the signal quality is monitored in real time, and the magnetic field parameters are dynamically adjusted to optimize transmission stability.

9. A wireless connection control device for a battery management device, characterized in that: include: Electromagnetic fingerprint feature acquisition module: The built-in radio frequency sensor transmits a sweep frequency signal to the metal casing, extracts the corresponding first and second resonant frequencies, and combines them with the hardware serial number to generate a unique electromagnetic signature; 3D impedance topology map construction module: This module converts electromagnetic signatures into equivalent RF impedance values ​​by spatially locating UWB devices. Based on device location, impedance values, and mutual impedance data, a 3D topology map is generated. Relay path determination module: This module searches for the connectivity path with the lowest signal loss in the three-dimensional topology map and calculates the coordinated beam pointing angle based on the geometric distribution of the device array. Directed energy transmission channel establishment module: Nanosecond-level high-voltage pulses are applied between the electrodes of the transmitting device. The receiving end detects the time interval of plasma luminescence through a photodetector, converting the mechanical vibration generated by the plasma expansion into electrical energy to provide temporary power for the device. Emergency interruption and energy transmission module: When no valid signal is received for a continuous period of time, the link is determined to be interrupted, the emergency mode is triggered, and the device closest to the interruption point and with matching electromagnetic impedance is preferentially selected as the relay node.

10. A battery management device, characterized in that: The management device includes a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program and a calculation example quantization value corresponding to the at least one processor. When the processor executes a set of computer instructions, the operation steps of any one of the methods described in claims 1-8 are executed.

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