Photovoltaic module

Abstract

A photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a photovoltaic panel comprising a plurality of cell strings; a first case connected to one of the plurality of battery strings; and a second housing connected to the battery strings other than the battery strings connected with the first housing, in which the second housing includes a first optimizer disposed therein, the first housing including: a second optimizer connected in series to the first optimizer; and a controller connected to both ends of an optimizer string formed by series connection of the first optimizer and the second optimizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module in which an optimizer is individually connected to each photovoltaic cell string and one controller controls a plurality of optimizers. Background Art

[0002] Solar power generation is an environmentally friendly alternative to existing chemical or nuclear power generation methods. Solar power generation includes standalone solar power generation, where batteries are connected to a converter, and grid-connected solar power generation. Standalone solar power generation typically consists of solar cells, storage batteries, and power conversion devices, while grid-connected systems connect to commercial power lines, allowing for the exchange of power with loads.

[0003] The maximum power point of a photovoltaic module varies depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature, etc. To operate the solar cell at the maximum power point, an optimizer or module-level power electronics (MLPE) that performs maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control on a module-by-module basis may be used.

[0004] A junction box is installed in the PV module to connect it to the external line, but connecting the optimizer to the PV module requires a lot of cables and labor. In addition, depending on the installation environment, there is a disadvantage that a separate device must be installed in the PV module to prevent electric shock. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module in which an optimizer is individually connected to each photovoltaic cell string and a controller controls multiple optimizers.

[0007] Technical Solutions

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic panel, which includes a plurality of battery strings; a first shell, which is connected to one of the plurality of battery strings; and a second shell, which is connected to battery strings other than the battery string connected to the first shell, wherein the second shell includes a first optimizer arranged therein, and wherein the first shell includes: a second optimizer connected in series to the first optimizer; and a controller, which is connected to both ends of the optimizer string formed by the series connection of the first optimizer and the second optimizer.

[0009] Additionally, a second optimizer may be positioned in the middle of the optimizer string, and a controller may be connected to the first optimizer.

[0010] In addition, the first shell may include: two first input terminals connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; two first output terminals connected to the adjacent second shell; two second input terminals connected to the second shell located at both ends of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals connected to the first shell of an external or other photovoltaic module.

[0011] In addition, the first input terminal and the first output terminal are connected to the first optimizer inside the housing, and the second input terminal and the second output terminal may be connected to the controller inside the housing.

[0012] Additionally, a second optimizer is positioned at one end of the optimizer string, and the controller may be connected to the second optimizer inside the first housing.

[0013] In addition, the first housing may include: two first input terminals connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; one first output terminal connected to the adjacent second housing; one second input terminal connected to the second housing located at the other end of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals connected to the first housing of external or other photovoltaic modules.

[0014] In addition, the second housing may include: two first input terminals connected to output terminals at both ends of each battery string; and two first output terminals connected to an adjacent second housing or first housing.

[0015] In addition, the second housing may include a bypass portion connected in parallel between the two output terminals.

[0016] In addition, the second housing may be positioned at a position corresponding to an output terminal of each battery string.

[0017] In addition, the controller detects at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance from the optimizer, and may detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter.

[0018] In addition, the first housing or the second housing may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body.

[0019] In addition, the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure.

[0020] In addition, the first housing or the second housing may have an interior filled with a heat dissipation material.

[0021] Additionally, the first housing or the second housing may be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel.

[0022] Beneficial effects

[0023] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the cables for connecting the photovoltaic panel and the optimizer can be reduced, and the work can be made easier. In addition, by connecting one controller and multiple optimizers, control can be performed by one controller. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a diagram for explaining maximum power point tracking control.

[0026] Figures 3 to 8 Is used to explain the Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figures 10 to 13 Is used to explain the Figure 9 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figures 15 to 17 Is used to explain the Figure 14 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 18 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 19 Is used to explain the Figure 18 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] However, the technical concept of the present invention is not limited to some embodiments to be described, but can be implemented in various forms, and within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, one or more of the constituent elements can be selectively combined or replaced between embodiments.

[0035] In addition, unless explicitly defined and described otherwise, the terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used in the embodiments of the present invention may be interpreted as meanings that can be generally understood by those skilled in the art, and commonly used terms such as terms defined in dictionaries may be interpreted with consideration of the meaning of the background of the relevant technology.

[0036] In addition, the terms used in this specification are used to describe the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise in a phrase, a singular form may include a plural form, and when described as "at least one (or more than one) of A and B and C", it may include one or more of all combinations that can be combined with A, B and C.

[0037] Additionally, in describing components in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used.

[0038] These terms are only intended to distinguish a component from other components, and these terms do not limit the nature, order, or sequence of the components.

[0039] Furthermore, when a component is described as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “interconnected” to another component, the component is not only directly connected, coupled, or interconnected to the other component, but may also include a case where the component is “connected,” “coupled,” or “interconnected” due to another component between the other components.

[0040] In addition, when it is described as being formed or disposed “on (above)” or “under (below)” each component, “on (above)” or “under (below)” means that it includes not only a case where two components are in direct contact, but also a case where one or more other components are formed or disposed between the two components. In addition, when expressed as “on (above)” or “under (below)”, it can include the meaning of not only an upward direction but also a downward direction relative to a component.

[0041] The modified embodiment according to the present embodiment may include some components of each embodiment together with some components of other embodiments. That is, the modified embodiment may include one embodiment of the various embodiments, but some components may be omitted and include some components of corresponding other embodiments. Or, it may be the opposite. The features, structures, effects, etc. described in the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, effects, etc. illustrated in each embodiment can be combined or modified and implemented in other embodiments by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiment belongs. Therefore, the content related to such combinations and modifications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the embodiment.

[0042] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a diagram for explaining maximum power point tracking control; Figure 3 is a block diagram of an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 shows the connection relationship between the battery string and the optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a block diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 and Figure 7 is a block diagram of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 8 Another embodiment of an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] The photovoltaic module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photovoltaic panel 110 , a plurality of optimizers 121 , 122 , and 123 , and a controller 130 .

[0045] The photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a photovoltaic panel and a module that converts the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel into electricity suitable for a load or a battery. It may be expressed as a solar module, a solar power generation module, etc.

[0046] The photovoltaic panel 110 includes a plurality of cell strings. A solar cell that generates solar power can be represented as a cell string unit in which a plurality of cells are connected in series.

[0047] The battery string may include at least one battery, and when including multiple batteries, the multiple batteries may be connected in series. The battery string may be a solar cell string including solar cells. The solar cell string may form a photovoltaic (PV) panel. Photovoltaic panel 110 may also be referred to as a solar panel or a solar power generation panel. Solar cells generate solar energy (PV) by utilizing the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted when light of a specific frequency or higher is irradiated on a specific metal material, and a PN junction is formed using a P-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and electricity is generated by generating an electric current by utilizing the electrons generated by the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are formed using silicon or the like and may be formed in a wafer shape. Solar cells are located in fields, on the exterior walls of buildings, on rooftops, etc., where they can receive a large amount of sunlight and generate electricity by utilizing the sunlight. In this case, the solar cells may be formed as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), thereby forming an integral part of the building.

[0048] Since the amount of electricity generated by a single solar cell is not sufficient for use in a load or power system, an appropriate amount of electricity to be used can be generated by connecting multiple solar cells in series to form a solar cell string instead of a single solar cell. A solar cell string can be a basic unit for generating electricity. A photovoltaic panel can be formed by forming multiple cell strings as basic units into panels. Figure 2As shown in , a solar cell has different voltage-current characteristics depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature, etc., and the maximum power point (MPP) also varies (generated power = voltage × current).

[0049] The plurality of optimizers 121 , 122 , and 123 are respectively connected to the output power of each of the battery strings 111 , 112 , and 113 , and are connected in series with each other.

[0050] An optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention is used to optimize the output power of a battery string so that the solar cell operates at its maximum power point (MPP), which is the operating point at which the solar cell's power is maximized under all conditions. The optimizer may include module-level power electronics (MLPE).

[0051] This is called maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and the efficiency of solar power generation can be improved by using maximum power point tracking. In solar power generation, due to the characteristics of the relationship between current and voltage and the relationship between voltage and power, the maximum power can be around 80% of the maximum voltage, rather than the power at the maximum voltage. Since this maximum power point continuously changes depending on the magnitude of the voltage and current generated by the photovoltaic panel, it is necessary to continuously search for the point where the maximum power point can be generated. That is, in order to track the maximum power, rather than the maximum voltage, the magnitude of the voltage and current can be changed so that the maximum power is achieved. That is, the voltage can be reduced and the current can be increased in the direction of increasing power, or the voltage can be increased and the current can be reduced.

[0052] In order to perform maximum power point tracking for a plurality of battery strings, it is necessary to perform optimization for each battery string. For example, if foreign matter blocks light reception or there is shading in a particular battery string, the power generation may be different from that of other battery strings, and therefore, in addition to the operating mode for converting the power output from the battery string, an operation other than power conversion may be required. An operation may be required to directly output the power output from the battery string without conversion, or to bypass the battery string. For each case, a device capable of having multiple operating modes is required, which can operate in a mode that is most suitable for the power output from each battery string. For example, the optimizer (121) can operate in multiple modes of power conversion mode (first mode), input / output connection mode (second mode) and bypass mode (third mode) so as to operate in a mode that is most suitable for each case. In addition to the power conversion mode, input / output connection mode and bypass mode, other operating modes may also be included according to the design.

[0053] Each of the optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be spaced apart from one another and positioned in an area corresponding to each of the cell strings 111, 112, and 113. Each of the multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be configured as a separate module, but can be positioned in an area corresponding to each of the cell strings 111, 112, and 113 performing maximum power point tracking within the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, they can be positioned at locations corresponding to the output terminals of each cell string 111, 112, and 113. Using a single optimizer to optimize each cell string individually requires a large amount of cabling to connect each cell string to the optimizer, and work is required to connect the cables. The optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 formed separately to optimize each cell string individually. However, if the optimizer 121 is positioned separately from the cell string 111, cabling is still required. Therefore, the optimizer 121 can be positioned in the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel where each cell string is located. Thus, the optimizer 121 that is individually connected to the battery string 111 and optimizes the battery string 111 is directly connected, thereby reducing cable connection and facilitating work.

[0054] The cell strings 111 must receive sunlight and are arranged on the first surface of the photovoltaic module 100, and each optimizer 121 can be arranged on a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the cell strings 111 are individually connected. On the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100, the output terminals at both ends of the cell strings 111 are led out, and the optimizer 121 is positioned at the location where the output terminals at both ends of the cell strings 111 are led out, so that the cell strings can be directly connected to the input terminals of the optimizer.

[0055] The optimizer 121 may include input terminals 1211 and 1212 , output terminals 1213 and 1214 , a power conversion unit 1215 , and a bypass portion 1216 .

[0056] The input terminals 1211 and 1212 may include two input terminals connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string 111. Figure 3 As shown in , each cell string 111 may have a plurality of solar cells 1111 to 1113 connected in series, and the series-connected cell strings 111 have two output terminals at both ends that are led to the outside. In this case, the output terminals at both ends may be led to the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100. The output terminals at both ends of each cell string may be directly connected to the two input terminals 1211 and 1212 of each optimizer inside the optimizer. The two input terminals 1211 and 1212 may be connected to the output terminals at both ends of each cell string 111, respectively, to receive the power generated by the cell string 111.

[0057] Output terminals 1213 and 1214 are connected to another optimizer or controller 130. Output terminals 1213 and 1214 may also include two output terminals. Adjacent optimizers can be connected in series, and when an optimizer is located between other optimizers, the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 are connected to two other adjacent optimizers, respectively. The outputs of multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be connected in series to maximize power output to controller 130. Multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be connected in series to form an optimizer string, with controller 130 connected to both ends of the optimizer string. If the optimizer is located at one end of an optimizer string connected to controller 130, one of the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 is connected to the adjacent optimizer, while the other is connected to controller 130. The power output to controller 130 can be transmitted by controller 130 to an external location or another photovoltaic panel. Here, the external location refers to a location outside the photovoltaic panel and can be a power grid, a load, or a battery. Alternatively, it may be a power conversion device such as an inverter. The output of each optimizer may be connected in series and output to the outside through the controller 130.

[0058] The output terminals 1213 and 1214 connected to the other optimizers mentioned above can be connected through the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110. Figure 4 As shown in FIG, the optimizer 121 can be connected to an adjacent optimizer via a connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel 110 may include a bus bar or a cable. In this case, the output terminal can be directly connected to the bus bar built into the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can be led to the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100 together with the output terminals at both ends of the battery string. The connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can be directly connected to the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 of each optimizer and the interior of the optimizer. In this case, the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can be formed so that the battery string and the interior of the photovoltaic panel 110 are not electrically connected to each other, but are insulated from each other. When using the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110, the connection location may be limited, but direct connection can be achieved without the need for a separate cable.

[0059] Alternatively, other external optimizers or output terminals 1213 and 1214 may be connected via external connection portion 142 rather than the connection built into photovoltaic panel 110. When using connection portion 142 external to photovoltaic panel 110, a conductor such as a cable is used, allowing for flexible connection locations and forms. However, the cable may be exposed to the outside, increasing the risk of electric shock. Depending on the installation or operating environment, either connection portion 141 built into photovoltaic panel 110 or connection portion 142 external to photovoltaic panel 110 may be used.

[0060] The power conversion unit 1215 can convert the output power of each battery string 111 input through the input terminals 1211 and 1212 and output it to the output terminals 1213 and 1214. The power conversion unit 1215 can convert the voltage of the power of the battery string 111 and output it to the output terminals 1213 and 1214. At this time, the power conversion unit 1215 can perform maximum power point tracking for each battery string 111. In the case where some of the battery strings among the multiple battery strings generate a lower voltage than other battery strings due to shadows, etc., in order to reduce the voltage difference between each battery string, thereby reducing losses and improving efficiency, it is necessary to output the voltage of the other battery strings as is without power conversion. At this time, the power conversion unit 1215 of each optimizer can adjust the power conversion so that the voltages between the battery strings become the same.

[0061] The power conversion unit 1215 may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit 120 may include a DC-DC converter, and may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit 120 may be implemented as a buck converter, which is configured with an upper switch, a lower switch, and an inductor to reduce voltage. In addition, it may be implemented as a boost converter, which is configured with an inductor, an upper switch, and a lower switch to increase voltage, and it may be implemented as a buck-boost converter, which is configured with a first upper switch, a first lower switch, an inductor, a second upper switch, and a second lower switch to reduce or increase voltage. Capacitors may be connected in parallel to the input and output of each converter, respectively.

[0062] The bypass portion 1216 is connected in parallel between the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 .

[0063] Bypass portion 1216 can generate a bypass path to bypass the connection of input terminals 1211 and 1212 connected to power conversion unit 120 or battery string 111 to output terminals 1213 and 1214. A bypass path can be generated to transmit power generated by another optimizer to controller 130 or another optimizer without performing power conversion. For example, when a fault occurs in a photovoltaic panel including a battery string, or when input terminals 1211 and 1212 are not connected and no power is input to the power conversion device, bypass portion 1216 can provide a bypass path. In addition, when a hot spot occurs in the photovoltaic panel, bypass portion 1216 can provide a bypass path for the output current to reduce the current value flowing in the photovoltaic panel and suppress heat generation. This prevents the photovoltaic panel from being forced to conduct a current greater than its output, thereby preventing the impedance of the photovoltaic panel from increasing and, therefore, preventing an increase in the heat generated.

[0064] The power conversion unit 1215 or the bypass portion 1216 may be operated by the controller 130, and the controller 130 may transmit a control signal to each component so that it operates in the most appropriate mode according to information such as input / output voltage and current, humidity, temperature, and irradiance. In addition, it may operate in a corresponding mode according to a control signal from an external controller or an input from a user.

[0065] The controller 130 is connected to both ends 121 and 123 of the plurality of optimizers 121 , 122 , and 123 connected in series.

[0066] The controller 130 is connected to both ends of an optimizer string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers in series, detects at least one parameter among the voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance of each battery string from the optimizer, controls each optimizer using the detected parameters, and can detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal.

[0067] The controller 130 may control the optimizer 121 so that each optimizer 121 may perform maximum power point tracking control. The optimizer 121 performs maximum power point control according to the operation of the power conversion unit 1215, and the controller 130 may control the power conversion unit 1215 included in the optimizer 121. The power conversion unit 1215 may be controlled by transmitting a driving signal such as a gate signal to a switching element included in the power conversion unit 1215.

[0068] Controller 130 can receive the power generated by the optimizer and transmit it to an external location or another photovoltaic panel. When the optimizers are connected in series, the power generated by each optimizer is combined and transmitted to controller 130, which can then transmit it to the grid or a load. Alternatively, power can be transmitted to another photovoltaic panel while connected in series with the other photovoltaic panel.

[0069] The controller 130 may include two input terminals and two output terminals. The two input terminals 132 and 133 are connected to both ends of a string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123 in series, and the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be connected to the outside. One of the two input terminals 132 and 133 may be a (+) input terminal, while the other may be a (-) input terminal, and one of the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be a (+) output terminal, while the other may be a (-) output terminal.

[0070] The controller 130 may include a communication unit (not shown) for performing wired or wireless communication with the optimizer or an external device. The controller 130 may transmit and receive signals via wired communication with the optimizers 121, 122, and 123. In this case, power line communication (PLC communication) may be used. As described above, a power line is connected, and the power generated in the optimizer 121 is transmitted to the controller 130 via the power line, and thus PLC communication may be performed using the power line. Alternatively, wired communication may be performed via a separate communication line, or wireless communication such as RF, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or Bluetooth communication may be performed. The operation of the optimizer may be controlled via PLC communication, or at least one parameter among the voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance of each battery string may be detected from the optimizer to monitor the status of the photovoltaic panel. The detected parameter may be used to control each optimizer, and abnormalities in each battery string or each optimizer may be detected. Abnormalities include faults, and for example, overvoltage, overcurrent, overheating, low voltage, etc. may be detected. The monitored information or abnormality detection information may be transmitted to an external device. In this case, the external device may be an inverter. The communication method used by the controller 130 to communicate with the optimizer and the communication method used by the controller 130 to communicate with the outside world may be different. PLC communication may be performed with the optimizer, and CAN communication or wireless communication may be performed with the outside world. In this case, the controller 130 may include a communication conversion unit (not shown) that converts the communication.

[0071] When a signal is applied from the outside, the controller 130 may operate the photovoltaic module 100, and when the signal is blocked from the outside, may stop the operation of the photovoltaic module 100. In other words, the photovoltaic module 100 may be controlled according to whether a signal is applied from the outside.

[0072] When an RSD signal is received from the outside or an abnormality is detected in the battery string or optimizer, the controller 130 can limit the output of the controller to the outside to below a threshold. When an abnormality occurs in the battery string or optimizer, the operation of the battery string or optimizer must be stopped, and the current flowing from the photovoltaic module to the outside must be quickly reduced. This is called a rapid shutdown (RSD) function. This is a function that reduces the voltage or current of the photovoltaic module to below a threshold within a certain period of time, so that when an abnormality occurs in the photovoltaic module, people close to the photovoltaic module can safely approach it. When an RSD signal is received from the outside or an abnormality is detected in the battery string or optimizer, the RSD function can be performed by limiting the output of the controller to the outside to below a threshold. For example, the output input to the input terminals 132 and 133 and output to the output terminals 134 and 135 can be limited to 1V or less. To this end, the controller 130 may include a resistor element that consumes voltage and a switch element that connects or disconnects the resistor element.

[0073] As described above, the optimizer that controls each battery string 111 individually is positioned at the location of the corresponding battery string 111, such as Figure 6 As shown in . The photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a smart photovoltaic module (PV module) including a battery string optimizer, and may include one or more battery strings 111, each battery string 111 being configured with at least one battery, and a battery string optimizer 121 electrically connected to each battery string. The output of the optimizer may be connected in series with another optimizer. Figure 6 As shown in , a plurality of battery strings and respective optimizers may be included, and the plurality of optimizers may be connected by conductors built into the photovoltaic panel when connected in series. Alternatively, they may be connected by external conductors when connected in series. The power generated by the optimizer may be output to an output terminal. The optimizer may change at least one parameter associated with the battery string to optimize the power generation of the corresponding battery string. The optimizer may include at least one power conversion unit for power generation optimization, and the power conversion unit may be configured with a buck, boost, or buck-boost converter. The optimizer may include a diode connected in parallel to the output terminal to optimize the power generation of the photovoltaic module. To prevent electric shock, the optimizer may block the voltage of each battery string. In addition, the photovoltaic module may include a conductor (cable) for connection to other photovoltaic modules. In addition, the optimizer may be electrically connected to an array comprising a plurality of battery strings connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel. In other words, the optimizer may receive input from a plurality of battery strings rather than a single battery string.

[0074] like Figure 8As shown in , the optimizer module 121 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include input terminals 1211 and 1212 , a power conversion unit 1215 , output terminals 1213 and 1214 , a bypass portion 1216 , and an auxiliary power supply unit 1218 .

[0075] The controller 130 controls the power conversion unit 1215 based on the power input to the input terminal 1211. The controller 130 can control the power conversion unit 1215 to convert the power input to the input terminal 1211. The controller 130 can control the power conversion unit 1215 to maximize the output power of the battery string 111 input to the input terminal 1211. The controller can transmit control signals to the optimizer 121, causing it to operate in the most appropriate mode based on information such as input / output voltage and current, temperature, and so on. The controller 130 can detect and monitor data on the input and output terminals, as well as within the optimizer, and control the power conversion unit 1215 accordingly. For example, the controller 130 can detect the power of the battery string 111 input to the input terminal 1211, the output power or output current of the power conversion unit 1215, and the current flowing to the output terminal 1213. Furthermore, the controller 130 can control the auxiliary power supply unit 1218, the bypass unit 1216, and the like.

[0076] Bypass section 1216 can be connected in parallel between the two output terminals 1213 and 1214. Bypass section 1216 can create a bypass path between output terminals 1213 and 1214, bypassing the connection to power conversion unit 1215. If the first current output from power conversion unit 1215 is lower than the second current flowing through the output terminal, bypass section 1216 can be turned on. If the first current converted and output within optimizer module 200 is lower than the second current flowing through output terminal 1213 connected to another optimizer module, current can flow from the other output terminal 1213 into optimizer module 200. This can lead to errors, such as malfunctions in optimizer module 200 or power waste. Therefore, in this case, the current flowing to output terminal 1213 flows through bypass section 1216, thereby bypassing optimizer module 200. Bypass section 1216 can include a diode. Since a diode only allows current to flow in one direction, only current in that direction can be bypassed.

[0077] Auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can generate auxiliary power using the power input to input terminal 1211. The optimizer module 200 requires auxiliary power, which is a power source used to convert power or perform control. Auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can generate auxiliary power using the power input to input terminal 1211 and provide the generated auxiliary power to power conversion unit 1215. Auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in either buck mode or boost mode. The power input to input terminal 1211 can vary depending on the amount of photovoltaic power, but the auxiliary power required for operation of power conversion unit 1215 or controller 130 can remain constant. Therefore, if the voltage of the input power is lower than the voltage of the auxiliary power source, auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in boost mode, and if the voltage of the input power is higher than the voltage of the auxiliary power source, auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in buck mode.

[0078] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 10 to 13 Is used to explain the Figure 9 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 A detailed description of each component of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment corresponds to Figures 1 to 8 The components of the photovoltaic module are described in detail, and therefore any repeated descriptions will be briefly explained below.

[0079] A photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic panel 110, which includes a plurality of battery strings; a plurality of optimizers 121, each optimizer 121 being electrically connected to the output power of each of the battery strings and electrically connected in series with each other; and a controller 130, which is electrically connected to both ends of the plurality of optimizers electrically connected in series, wherein the controller 130 is disposed in a first shell 310, and each optimizer is disposed in a second shell 210-1 to 210-3, wherein the second shell 210-1 is electrically connected in series with another second shell.

[0080] The optimizer 121 and the controller 130 may be provided in different housings. The controller 130 may be provided inside the first housing 310, and each optimizer 121 may be provided inside the second housings 210-1 to 210-3, respectively. Figure 10 As shown in FIG, the controller 130 and each optimizer 121 can be provided in each housing. Each second housing 210-1 can be arranged in series with adjacent second housings 210-2 and 210-3 in an array, and the first housing 310 can be connected to both ends of the second housing string. The connection between the second housings 210 can be connected to the internal connection (connection-1) or the external connection (connection-2) of the photovoltaic panel 110.

[0081] The first housing 310 may include: two input terminals 331 and 332 connected to both ends of a string formed by connecting a plurality of second housings in series; and two output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first housings of external or other photovoltaic modules. Figure 11 As shown in FIG, the first housing 310 includes two input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housing 210 and two output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the outside. A circuit for operating the controller 130 may be provided inside the housings 321 to 323. Figure 12 As shown in FIG, the circuits may be provided on at least one substrate 320, and each circuit may be modularized and mounted on the substrate according to its function. The controller 130 may detect at least one parameter from the optimizer 121, including voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance, and detect whether each battery string 111 or each optimizer 121 is abnormal based on the parameter.

[0082] The second housing 210 may include: two input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; and two output terminals 221 and 222 connected to the adjacent second housing or first housing. Each second housing 210 is positioned to correspond to the position of each battery string 111, and the output terminals and input terminals 211 and 212 at both ends of each battery string are connected to receive the output of the battery string. The power input to the input terminals 211 and 212 can be optimized by the maximum power point tracking control of the optimizer. The optimizer 121 is configured with input terminals 331 and 332, a power converter, and output terminals 342 and 343, and may include an auxiliary power supply unit and a bypass section. In addition, the voltage is changed by a power conversion unit (e.g., a DC-DC converter) included in the optimizer and is output to the output terminals 221 and 222. At least one of the output terminals 221 and 222 of the second housing 210 is connected to the output terminal of the other second housing. The other output terminal is connected to the first housing 310 when the second housing 210 is located at one end of the optimizer string, and is connected to the second housing adjacent to the opposite end when the second housing 210 is located at the center of the optimizer string.

[0083] When connected to the adjacent second housing, the output terminals 221 and 222 can be connected in series. In this case, the output terminals can be connected through a connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel 110. Here, the connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel can include a bus bar or a cable. Alternatively, it can be connected through a connection portion connected to the outside of the photovoltaic panel. Figure 10 As shown in , when the second housing is connected, it may be connected through a connection portion (Connection-1) built into the photovoltaic panel 110 or through a connection portion (Connection-2) connected to the outside.

[0084] The second case 210 may include a bypass portion connected in parallel between the two output terminals 221 and 222 , and the second case 210 may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminal of each battery string.

[0085] The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body, and the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing may be formed on one side of the photovoltaic module and, since it is located outdoors, it may be exposed to rainwater and, therefore, may be formed with a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure may be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer may be disposed within the waterproof structure to protect the components disposed inside the housing.

[0086] The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 may be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material. When power is converted, heat is generated, and to prevent errors caused by heat, the heat can be discharged to the outside. The space inside the housing may be filled with silicone or epoxy resin.

[0087] The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 can be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizer 121 or the controller 130 can be detachable from and attachable to the second housing 210-1 or the first housing 310, respectively. The optimizer 121 can be detachable from and attachable to the housing body by connecting or disconnecting with the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. At this time, each terminal can be threadedly coupled. In the event of a fault in the optimizer, only the optimizer, rather than the entire optimizer module, can be detached and attached to allow replacement and / or repair work. Alternatively, it can be set in the housing body in various ways, such as by hook coupling or welding.

[0088] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 15 to 17 Is used to explain the Figure 14 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 19 Is used to explain the Figure 18 FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 14 to 19 A detailed description of each component corresponds to Figures 1 to 13A detailed description of each component of the photovoltaic module is given, and any repeated description will be briefly described below.

[0089] A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic panel 110, which includes a plurality of battery strings; a first shell 321, which is connected to one of the plurality of battery strings; and a second shell 220, which is connected to a battery string other than the battery string connected to the first shell 321, wherein the second shell 220 includes a first optimizer 121 arranged therein, and the first shell 321 includes: a second optimizer 124 connected in series with the first optimizer 121; and a controller 130, which is connected to both ends of the optimizer string formed by connecting the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 in series.

[0090] Different from Figures 9 to 13 The optimizer and the controller are formed in separate housings according to an embodiment of Figure 14 The photovoltaic module of an embodiment has a controller disposed within a single integrated housing along with one of a plurality of optimizers.

[0091] That is, the second optimizer 124 and the controller 130 can be set in the first shell 321, and the first optimizer 121 can be set in the second shell 220. Here, the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 are distinguished, but this is the difference between whether they are set in the same first shell 321 as the controller 130 or in the second shell 220, and the connection relationship with the battery string 111, the connection relationship with other optimizers, etc. can be connected in the same manner. That is, the second optimizer and the plurality of optimizers including the plurality of first optimizers are each electrically connected to the output terminal of the battery string 111, and are electrically connected in series with each other. The controller 130 is also connected to both ends of the optimizer string formed by connecting the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 (that is, a plurality of optimizers in series). That is, the connection relationship between the optimizers and the connection relationship between the controller and the optimizer correspond to Figures 1 to 13 Therefore, even if the second optimizer 124 is provided inside the same first housing 321 as the controller 130, if the second optimizer is located in the middle of the optimizer string, the controller 130 may be connected to the first optimizer 121 instead of the second optimizer 124. That is, the second optimizer 124 and the controller 130 included in the same housing may not be directly connected inside the housing. Figure 15As shown in , each optimizer is positioned to correspond to the position of each battery string 111 and is provided inside each housing, and one of the housings may be configured so that the optimizer and the controller 130 are integrated together and provided inside the housing. The controller 130 is located in the same position as one optimizer and corresponds to the position of one of the battery strings inside.

[0092] At this time, the first housing 321 may include: two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string, two first output terminals 361 and 362 connected to the adjacent second housing, two second input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housing 220 located at both ends of the optimizer string, and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first housing of external or other photovoltaic modules. Figure 16 In the embodiment, when the first housing 321 is disposed between the second housings 220, that is, the first housing 321 includes more input / output terminals than the second housing 220. The number of required connection terminals varies depending on the connection relationship between the battery string, the optimizer, and the controller, and the first housing 321 including the optimizer and the controller requires more input / output terminals than the second housing 220.

[0093] like Figure 17 As shown in FIG, the first housing 321 may include two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string, two first output terminals 361 and 362 connected to the adjacent second housing 220, two second input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housings 220-1 and 220-2 located at both ends of the optimizer string, and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first housings of external or other photovoltaic modules. In other words, the first housing 321 may include twice as many input / output terminals as the second housing 220. The first input terminals 351 and 352 and the first output terminals 361 and 362 may be connected to the first optimizer 124 within the housing, and the second input terminals 331 and 332 and the second output terminals 341 and 342 may be connected to the controller 130 within the housing.

[0094] Inside the first housing 321, the area where the second optimizer 124 is disposed and the area where the controller 130 is disposed may be separated and isolated from each other. Figures 14 to 16 As shown in FIG, the second optimizer 124 should not be directly connected to the controller 130, so the area where the second optimizer 124 is provided and the area where the controller 130 is provided can be separated. A plurality of control modules that perform each function can be provided in the area where the controller 130 is provided. Functions such as monitoring, communication, and RSD can be performed.

[0095] The controller 130 can detect at least one parameter from the optimizers 121 and 124, including voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance, and detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter. If the controller 130 detects an abnormality in each battery string or each optimizer, it can limit the voltage output from the second output terminals 341 and 342 to below a threshold. For example, the controller can perform an RSD function to quickly reduce the voltage by limiting the voltage to below 1V.

[0096] The second housing 220 may include two first input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string, and two first output terminals 221 and 222 connected to adjacent second housings 220 or first housings 321. The second housing 220 may include a bypass portion 1218 connected in parallel between the two first output terminals 221 and 222. The second housing 220 may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminals of each battery string.

[0097] The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body, and the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing may be formed on one side of the photovoltaic module and, since it is located outdoors, it may be exposed to rainwater and, therefore, may be formed with a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure may be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer may be disposed within the waterproof structure to protect the components disposed within the housing.

[0098] The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 may be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material. When electricity is converted, heat is generated, and to prevent errors caused by heat, the heat can be discharged to the outside. The space inside the housing may be filled with silicone or epoxy resin.

[0099] The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 can be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizers 121 and 124 or the controller 130 can be detachable from and attachable to the second housing 220-1 or the first housing 321, respectively. The optimizer 121 can be detachable from and attachable to the housing body by connecting or disconnecting with the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. At this time, each terminal can be threadedly coupled. In the event of a fault in the optimizer, only the optimizer, rather than the entire optimizer module, can be detached and attached to allow replacement and / or repair work. Alternatively, it can be set in the housing body in various ways, such as by hook coupling or welding.

[0100] When the second optimizer 125 is positioned at one end of the optimizer string, the controller 130 may be connected to the second optimizer 125 inside the first housing 322. Figure 18 As shown in , when the second optimizer 125 is positioned at one end of the optimizer string, the second optimizer 125 must be connected to the controller 130 disposed in the same housing. In this case, the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 can be directly connected inside the housing. In other words, in this case, since the connection can be made inside the housing, the number of input / output terminals connected to the outside can be reduced.

[0101] At this time, the first shell 322 may include: two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; a first output terminal 362 connected to the adjacent second shell; a second input terminal 322 connected to the second shell 220 located at the other end of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first shell of the external or other photovoltaic modules.

[0102] Compare Figure 17 and Figure 19 ,exist Figure 19 In this case, it can be seen that the two input / output terminals connected to the outside can be reduced, and the connecting wires 370 inside the housing can be increased. Instead of separate connecting wires, the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 can be connected on a board using a pattern or the like. That is, according to the position of the first housing 322 in which the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 are integrated, the number of input / output terminals and cables connecting the optimizer and the controller can be reduced. Inside the first housing 322, the area where the second optimizer 125 is set and the area where the controller 130 is set can be distinguished, and they can be isolated from each other. Multiple control modules that perform each function can be set in the area where the controller 130 is set. Functions such as monitoring, communication, and RSD can be performed.

[0103] The controller 130 can detect at least one parameter from the optimizers 122 and 125, including voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance, and detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter. If the controller 130 detects an abnormality in each battery string or each optimizer, it can limit the voltage output from the second output terminals 341 and 342 to below a threshold. For example, the controller can perform an RSD function to quickly reduce the voltage by limiting the voltage to below 1V.

[0104] The second housing 220-2 may include two first input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string, and two first output terminals 221 and 222 connected to the adjacent second housing 220-3 or first housing 211. The second housing 220 may include a bypass portion 1218 connected in parallel between the two first output terminals 221 and 222. The second housing 220 may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminal of each battery string.

[0105] The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body, and the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing may be formed on one side of the photovoltaic module and, since it is located outdoors and may be exposed to rainwater, may be formed with a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure may be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer may be disposed within the waterproof structure to protect the components disposed within the housing.

[0106] The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 may be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material. When power is converted, heat is generated, and to prevent errors caused by heat, the heat can be discharged to the outside. The space inside the housing may be filled with silicone or epoxy resin.

[0107] The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 can be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizer 122 and 125 or the controller 130 can be detachable from and attachable to the second housing 220-2 or the first housing 322, respectively. The optimizer 122 can be detachable from and attachable to the housing body by connecting or disconnecting with the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. At this time, each terminal can be threadedly coupled. In the event of a fault in the optimizer, only the optimizer, rather than the entire optimizer module, can be detached and attached to allow replacement and / or repair work. Alternatively, it can be set in the housing body in various ways, such as by hook coupling or welding.

[0108] Photovoltaic modules can be connected in multiples. Multiple photovoltaic modules can be connected in series with each other through conductors, or connected to the outside through conductors. Each photovoltaic module can include the above-mentioned photovoltaic panel as well as an optimizer and controller.

[0109] As described above, by positioning the optimizer module at a position corresponding to the output terminals of the battery string, the number of cables used to connect the photovoltaic panel and the optimizer can be reduced, thereby facilitating operation. In addition, by connecting a controller to multiple optimizers, they can be controlled by a single controller.

[0110] Those skilled in the art associated with this embodiment will understand that the above description can be implemented in a modified form without departing from its basic characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed method should be considered from an illustrative rather than a restrictive perspective. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than the above description, and all differences within the scope of their equivalence should be interpreted as included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module comprising: a photovoltaic panel comprising a plurality of strings of cells; a first housing connected to one of the plurality of battery strings; as well as a second housing connected to a battery string other than the battery string connected to the first housing, wherein the second housing includes a first optimizer disposed therein, and Wherein, the first shell includes: a second optimizer connected in series to the first optimizer; and A controller is connected to both ends of an optimizer string formed by the series connection of the first optimizer and the second optimizer.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, in, The second optimizer is located in the middle of the optimizer string, and Wherein, the controller is connected to the first optimizer.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, in, The first housing comprises: two first input terminals connected to output terminals at both ends of each battery string; two first output terminals connected to adjacent second housings; two second input terminals connected to the second housings located at both ends of the optimizer string; and Two second output terminals are connected to the first housing of external or other photovoltaic modules.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, in, The first input terminal and the first output terminal are connected to the first optimizer inside the housing, and The second input terminal and the second output terminal are connected to the controller inside the housing.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, in, The second optimizer is located at one end of the optimizer string, and The controller is connected to the second optimizer inside the first housing.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, in, The first housing comprises: two first input terminals connected to output terminals at both ends of each battery string; a first output terminal connected to an adjacent second housing; a second input terminal connected to a second housing at the other end of the optimizer string; and Two second output terminals are connected to the first housing of external or other photovoltaic modules.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, in, The second housing includes: two first input terminals connected to the output terminals of each battery string; and Two first output terminals connected to the adjacent second housing or the first housing.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, in, The second housing includes a bypass unit connected in parallel between the two first output terminals.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, in, The second housing is located at a position corresponding to an output terminal of each battery string.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, in, The controller detects at least one parameter from among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance from the optimizer, and detects whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter.

Images