A separation device for microplastics in marine sediments

Abstract

The application discloses a separation device for microplastics in marine sediments and belongs to the technical field of marine sediment separation. The device comprises a base disc, a servo motor, a first gear disc, a circular guide rail frame and a separation tank. A gear ring is movably installed on the upper surface of the circular guide rail frame, the gear ring is integrally sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank, and the side edge is engaged with the first gear disc. Through dynamic detection and self-adaptive cleaning cooperation mechanism, the problem of microplastic optical detection distortion under the interference of sediment turbidity is solved. The servo motor drives the gear ring to drive the magnetic attraction detection mechanism to rotate and scan along the outer wall of the separation tank. The synchronous displacement of the inner wall adsorption type anti-shielding mechanism realizes the real-time purification of the detection light path area. Unlike the traditional fixed sensor, the rotating scanning mode breaks through the local detection blind area and forms an overlay monitoring under the 180-degree symmetrical layout, improving the multi-point continuous sampling precision of the digestion liquid pH value and density gradient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of marine sediment separation, and more particularly to a separation device for microplastics in marine sediments. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, the separation device for microplastics in marine sediments mainly realizes solid-liquid separation through physical screening and density difference method, adopts a multi-stage separation cylinder structure, and the core process is that the sediments are preliminarily filtered through the cyclone in the conical cavity of the first separation cylinder, enter the second separation cylinder through the filter screen, and the microplastics are intercepted by the filter screen, so as to finally realize graded screening. Although this kind of device can improve the separation speed, it is limited in adaptability to the physical properties of microplastics, such as density and size, and problems such as filter screen clogging or microplastic surface adsorption of residues are prone to occur in silty sediments with high content of organic impurities.

[0003] Therefore, for complex sediment matrix, the prior art further adopts a "digestion-floatation combined method" to optimize the separation effect, removes organic interference by density liquid floatation combined with chemical digestion, mixes the sediment sample with the digestion liquid, and separates the microplastics by density gradient floatation. However, this method needs to accurately control the digestion intensity. Insufficient digestion will lead to organic residues wrapping microplastics, and excessive digestion may damage the surface structure of microplastics, affecting subsequent component identification. Therefore, the prior art monitors the acid-base degree of the digestion liquid in real time to regulate the reaction process.

[0004] However, in actual application, the detection light path of the configured optical sensor is blocked by impurities in the separation tank. Because the sediment particles are easy to adhere to the surface of the sensor, or the sediment particles are easy to accumulate on the surface of the probe to form a shielding layer, the spectral signal is attenuated or disturbed by noise, so that the detection signal is distorted. At this time, the system cannot accurately obtain the reaction state, leading to feedback control lag, which is easy to cause excessive addition of digestion agent or premature termination of reaction, resulting in decrease of separation efficiency or damage of microplastics, affecting the integrity and recovery rate of microplastics separation. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a separation device for microplastics in marine sediments, which solves the above technical problems.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A kind of separating device for microplastics in marine sediments, including base plate, servo motor is fixedly installed on the side of the base plate, first gear disc is fixedly installed on the output end of the servo motor, circular guide rail frame is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base plate, separating tank is fixedly installed on the inner side of the circular guide rail frame, gear ring is movably installed on the upper surface of the circular guide rail frame, the gear ring is entirely covered with the bottom outer side of separating tank, and side edge is engaged with first gear disc;

[0008] The upper surface of the gear ring is provided with two groups of magnetic attraction detection mechanisms separated by 180 degrees, the inner wall of the separating tank is provided with a corresponding anti-shielding mechanism for the magnetic attraction detection mechanism, and the side edge of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism is provided with a liquid supply mechanism for supplying gas and liquid to the anti-shielding mechanism.

[0009] Wherein, the anti-shielding mechanism includes a cleaning frame and two built-in rotating pipes arranged inside the cleaning frame, the gas and liquid supplied into the anti-shielding mechanism are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating pipes, and the shielding impurities around the light path detection end of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism are blown away.

[0010] As a further scheme of the application: the magnetic attraction detection mechanism includes an optical detection sensor, a U-shaped sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the optical detection sensor, the U-shaped sleeve is fitted with the outer circular surface of the separating tank, and a first reserved notch is formed in the middle position of the fitted end face, the detection end of the optical detection sensor emits detection light towards the center position of the separating tank through the first reserved notch, two upper and lower recessed ring grooves are formed on the outer surface of the separating tank, and an outer convex magnetic attraction block is fixedly installed on the upper side edge position of the fitted end face of the U-shaped sleeve.

[0011] As a further scheme of the application: the anti-shielding mechanism further includes a back plate fixedly installed on the side of the cleaning frame, the back plate is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separating tank, and a magnetic attraction coating corresponding to the inner and outer adsorption of the outer convex magnetic attraction block is arranged on the tightly attached end, the side end of the back plate on both sides is a bevel, and a second reserved notch corresponding to the inner and outer of the first reserved notch is formed in the middle position of the surface of the cleaning frame and the back plate, the inside of the cleaning frame is a cavity structure, and a plurality of notch grooves are sequentially formed from top to bottom at positions on both sides of the second reserved notch, and a U-shaped filter cover is fixedly installed on the outer side of the notch groove.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application: the anti-blocking mechanism further comprises a cavity box fixedly installed on the top of the cleaning frame, two groups of opposite clamping sleeves are fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the cavity box, a driving pipe is movably installed on each clamping sleeve, a second gear plate is fixedly installed on the top of each driving pipe, and the side edges of the second gear plates of the two driving pipes are meshed with each other, a third gear plate is movably installed at one side end of the upper surface of the cavity box, and the bottom of the third gear plate is fixedly connected with the second gear plate at the same side end, and an inner convex ring is fixedly installed at the position of the upper side of the inner part of the separation tank which is flush with the third gear plate, two toothed sections separated by 180 degrees are arranged on the inner convex ring, and the two flush third gear plates are meshed with the toothed sections.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application: the driving pipes on both sides of the cavity box penetrate into the cavities on both sides of the second reserved notch in the inside of the cleaning frame, and an inner built-in rotating pipe is fixedly installed on the penetrating end of each driving pipe, two groups of scraping convex edges are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the inner built-in rotating pipe and attached to the U-shaped filter cover, and a plurality of spray heads are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the inner built-in rotating pipe between the two scraping convex edges, and the area between the two inner recessed ring grooves on the separation tank is a transparent cover.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application: the anti-blocking mechanism further comprises an outer sealing cover movably covered on the outer side of the two driving pipes in the cavity box, the outer sealing cover is a hollow structure as a whole, a round opening is formed on the position of each side end of the outer sealing cover corresponding to the driving pipe and communicating with the inner cavity of the outer sealing cover, and a second sealing ring sleeve is fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the round opening, and a first sealing ring sleeve sealingly attached to the second sealing ring sleeve is fixedly installed on the position of each side end of the outer sealing cover where the driving pipe is sleeved.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application: a plurality of first flow-through openings are circumferentially formed on the position of the driving pipe between the first sealing ring sleeves, a plurality of second flow-through openings are circumferentially formed on the position of the round opening of each side end of the outer sealing cover between the second sealing ring sleeves, a drainage hose is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the cavity box, and the drainage hose is connected to the inside of the outer sealing cover.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present application: the liquid supply mechanism comprises a storage tank fixedly installed on the side of the optical detection sensor, a suction pump is fixedly installed on the inner top of the storage tank, a water jet air suction module is fixedly installed on the suction end of the suction pump, a U-shaped output pipe is fixedly installed on the output end of the suction pump, the U-shaped output pipe passes over the top of the separation tank and extends to the adjacent cavity box, and the U-shaped output pipe is connected to the drainage hose on the cavity box.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present application: the liquid supply mechanism further comprises a partition plate fixedly installed on the lower side inside the storage tank, the inner bottom of the storage tank is separated into an independent cavity by the partition effect of the partition plate, the side wall of the cavity is fixedly installed with an air inlet filter plate, and the inside of the cavity is configured with a filter cotton block, the extraction end of the extraction pump is fixedly installed with an air guide pipe, and the air guide pipe is connected into the independent cavity at the bottom of the partition plate.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present application: the U-shaped output pipe is configured with a fishing mechanism, the fishing mechanism comprises an assembly rod, the two side end positions of the assembly rod are fixedly installed with tightening buckles, and the tightening buckles are sleeved on the U-shaped output pipe extending inside the separation tank, the surface of the assembly rod is fixedly installed with a fishing bucket placed at the top position inside the separation tank, the fishing end of the fishing bucket is a beveled surface that is integrally upwardly slightly inclined, and the bottom surface of the fishing bucket is configured with a plurality of leakage openings.

[0019] The above technical scheme provided by the present application has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] (1) The present scheme effectively solves the problem of microplastic optical detection distortion under the interference of sediment turbidity through a dynamic detection and self-adaptive cleaning cooperation mechanism. The magnetic attraction detection mechanism is driven by a servo motor to rotate and scan along the outer wall of the separation tank, and the synchronous displacement of the inner wall adsorption type anti-shielding mechanism is coordinated to realize real-time purification of the detection light path area. Unlike traditional fixed sensors, the rotating scanning mode breaks through the local detection blind area and forms an overlay monitoring under the 180-degree symmetrical layout, improving the multi-point continuous sampling accuracy of the digestion liquid pH value and density gradient.

[0021] (2) The anti-shielding mechanism realizes directional dynamic cleaning of gas-liquid mixed medium through the opposite rotating spraying mechanism of the built-in rotating pipe. The two built-in rotating pipes produce rotating air ducts under the drive of the gear set, forming a fan-shaped coverage area with the U-shaped filter cover, and removing suspended particles around the detection light path. The scraping convex edge on the surface of the built-in rotating pipe is linked with the spray head to complete self-cleaning of the filter cover while spraying gas-liquid flushing, ensuring dynamic adaptation of the spraying pressure in different viscosity sediment environments. Further, by controlling, low-pressure gas flow can be used to loosen particles in silty sediment, and high-pressure liquid flow can be used to flush in organic matter viscous medium, which not only maintains the integrity of microplastic structure, but also significantly reduces signal drift caused by secondary suspension of particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the present application and to enable a skilled artisan to make and use the present application.

[0023] Figure 1The overall structure schematic diagram of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the base plate of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the separation tank of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the U-shaped filter cover in the split state of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 The structure schematic diagram of Figure 4 The enlarged structure schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the back plate in the disassembled state of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 The structure schematic diagram of the cavity box in the split state of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 The structure schematic diagram of the external sealing cover in the split state of the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 The structure schematic diagram of the storage tank in the half-sectional view state of the present application;

[0032] Figure 10 The structure schematic diagram of the fishing mechanism of the present application.

[0033] Reference signs

[0034] 1, base plate; 2, servo motor; 3, first gear plate; 4, circular guide rail frame; 5, gear ring;

[0035] 6, magnetic attraction detection mechanism; 61, optical detection sensor; 62, U-shaped sleeve; 63, first reserved notch; 64, outer convex magnetic attraction block;

[0036] 7, liquid supply mechanism; 71, storage tank; 72, pump; 73, water jet air pumping module; 74, partition plate; 75, air guide pipe; 76, air inlet filter plate; 77, filter cotton block;

[0037] 8, U-shaped output pipe;

[0038] 9, fishing mechanism; 91, assembly rod; 92, tightening sleeve buckle; 93, fishing bucket; 94, leakage hole;

[0039] 10, separation tank; 11, inner convex circular ring; 12, toothed section;

[0040] 13, anti-shielding mechanism; 131, cleaning frame; 132, second reserved notch; 133, notch groove; 134, built-in rotating pipe; 135, scraping convex edge; 136, shower head; 137, U-shaped filter cover; 138, back plate; 139, magnetic coating; 1310, cavity box; 1311, clamping buckle; 1312, drive pipe; 1313, external sealing cover; 1314, first sealing ring; 1315, first flow port; 1316, second sealing ring; 1317, second flow port; 1318, drainage hose; 1319, second gear disc; 1320, third gear disc;

[0041] 14, concave ring groove; 15, transparent cover.

[0042] As shown in the drawings, in order to clearly realize the structure of the embodiments of the present application, specific structures and devices are marked in the drawings, but this is only for the need of illustration, and is not intended to limit the present application to the specific structures, devices and environments, and those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] A separation device for microplastics in marine sediments provided by the present application is described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best, preferred embodiments, and other alternative ways can also be used by those skilled in the art to implement some known technologies; and the drawings are only used to more specifically describe the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present application.

[0044] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a separation device for microplastics in marine sediments, which comprises a base disc 1, a servo motor 2 fixedly installed on the side of the base disc 1, a first gear disc 3 fixedly installed on the output end of the servo motor 2, a circular guide rail frame 4 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base disc 1, a separation tank 10 fixedly installed on the inner side of the circular guide rail frame 4, and a gear ring 5 movably installed on the upper surface of the circular guide rail frame 4, which is sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank 10 and the side edge is engaged with the first gear disc 3;

[0045] The upper surface of the gear ring 5 is provided with two groups of magnetic attraction detection mechanisms 6 separated by 180 degrees, the inner wall of the separation tank 10 is provided with an anti-shielding mechanism 13 corresponding to the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6, and the side edge of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 is provided with a liquid supply mechanism 7 for supplying gas and liquid to the anti-shielding mechanism 13;

[0046] The anti-shielding mechanism 13 includes a cleaning frame 131 and two built-in rotating pipes 134 arranged inside the cleaning frame 131, and the gas and liquid supplied into the anti-shielding mechanism 13 are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating pipes 134 to blow away the shielding impurities around the light path detection end of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6.

[0047] In order to solve the problem that the existing technology of digestion and flotation combination method for separating marine sediments microplastics causes signal distortion, control lag, and separation efficiency decline and microplastic damage due to the shielding of sediment particles on the optical sensor light path, the above technical solution is used to solve the problem. The above technical solution mainly consists of a base disc 1, a servo motor 2, a first gear disc 3, a circular guide rail frame 4, a gear ring 5, a magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6, a liquid supply mechanism 7, a separation tank 10, and an anti-shielding mechanism 13. The base disc 1 serves as the base structure of the device, and a corresponding friction coating to prevent sliding can be arranged on the top to ensure its stability during use. The servo motor 2 is a motor structure that can be servo driven in the existing technology, which can control the precise angle rotation of the first gear disc 3 at the output end during work. The circular guide rail frame 4 is used to provide a rotating guide rail for the gear ring 5 to ensure the stability of the gear ring 5 during rotation.

[0048] The configured magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 and the liquid supply mechanism 7 are arranged adjacent to each other and distributed on the upper surface of the gear ring 5 at positions separated by 180 degrees. Through the driving action of the output end of the servo motor 2, the first gear disc 3 can control the meshing gear ring 5 to rotate along the circular ring guide frame 4 outside the separation tank 10. In the current process, the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 towards the center of the separation tank 10 is used to cover the internal comprehensive scanning detection. The anti-shielding mechanism 13 is attached to the inner wall of the separation tank 10 through the magnetic attraction characteristics and the characteristics of the adjacent magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6, which is used to clean the impurities in the light path detection end of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6. In the actual working process, the gas and liquid supplied to the anti-shielding mechanism 13 are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating pipes 134 in the cleaning frame 131, blowing away the shielding impurities around the light path detection end of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6. The structure of the detection end is arranged outside the separation tank 10, which uses a non-invasive detection method to monitor the internal separation environment through the side wall of the separation tank 10. The cleaning structure is placed inside using a non-driven structure, which does not interfere with the separation work of the micro-plastic of the internal sediment in the working process, avoids the signal interference or equipment pollution caused by the contact of the traditional invasive probe with the sediment, and makes the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 form a dynamic covering scanning through the rotation of the servo motor 2 driving the gear ring 5 along the circular ring guide frame 4, which can capture the changes of the key parameters such as pH value and density gradient of the digestion liquid in different areas of the tank in real time. Compared with the traditional fixed sensor, this rotating structure can break through the local detection blind area and reduce the risk of signal distortion caused by particle shielding through multi-point continuous sampling in the high turbidity environment of the sediment. At the same time, the adsorption design of the anti-shielding mechanism 13 and the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 makes the cleaning action only target the current detection light path area, avoiding the waste of resources caused by invalid cleaning. When the detection mechanism rotates to a certain position, the anti-shielding mechanism 13 on the corresponding inner wall automatically adheres through magnetic force adsorption, realizing the synchronous purification of the light path, which can improve the adaptive ability of the system and reduce the frequency of downtime maintenance. It also avoids the physical damage risk of the micro-plastic of the sediment caused by traditional mechanical cleaning devices such as brush heads and scrapers. The built-in rotating pipe 134 provides gas-liquid mixture through the external liquid supply mechanism 7, and the jetting pressure can be dynamically adjusted according to the viscosity of the sediment, such as using low-pressure gas flow to remove loose particles in silty sediment, and switching to high-pressure liquid flow for flushing in organic viscous medium. It can realize cleaning function in the working process and ensure the structural integrity of the micro-plastic in the flotation digestion process. In addition, the 180-degree symmetrical layout of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 and the anti-shielding mechanism 13 further balances the mechanical load during the rotation of the tank body and reduces the interference of vibration on the separation process.

[0049] As Figures 1 to 10As shown, the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 comprises optical detection sensors 61, the outer surfaces of which are fixedly installed with U-shaped casings 62, which are attached to the outer circumferential surface of the separation tank 10, and the middle positions of the attached end surfaces are each provided with a first reserved notch 63, the detection end of the optical detection sensor 61 emits detection light towards the center position of the separation tank 10 through the first reserved notch 63, and the outer surface of the separation tank 10 is provided with two upper and lower inner recessed ring grooves 14, and the U-shaped casing 62 is fixedly installed at the upper side position of the end surface of the separation tank 10 and is clamped with the outer convex magnetic attraction block 64 in the inner recessed ring groove 14.

[0050] Among them, the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 configured as the detection end of the precise control digestion intensity of the device is composed of an optical detection sensor 61 in the prior art, which realizes real-time monitoring of the microplastic separation state by detecting the organic matter decomposition characteristic peak of the digestion liquid. Its working principle is to indirectly evaluate the digestion process through the degree of spectral attenuation, but it is easy to produce signal drift due to the shielding of suspended particles, and it is a conventional sensor for optical detection in the prior art. The U-shaped casing 62 is integrally sleeved on the outside of the optical detection sensor 61, which is used to protect the optical detection end of the optical detection sensor 61 on the one hand, and is used to be buckled on the upper and lower two inner recessed ring grooves 14 of the separation tank 10 on the other hand, and the outer convex magnetic attraction block 64 is used to adsorb the inner anti-shielding mechanism 13 on the sliding end, which is attached to the outer circumferential surface of the separation tank 10, and the middle positions of the attached end surfaces are each provided with a first reserved notch 63 for transmitting detection light.

[0051] As shown in Figures 1 to 10 The anti-shielding mechanism 13 further comprises a back plate 138 fixedly installed on the side surface of the cleaning frame 131, which is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank 10, and the tightly attached end is provided with a magnetic attraction coating 139 corresponding to the inner and outer adsorption of the outer convex magnetic attraction block 64, the side ends of the back plate 138 are both chamfered, and the middle positions of the surfaces of the cleaning frame 131 and the back plate 138 are each provided with a second reserved notch 132 corresponding to the inner and outer of the first reserved notch 63, the inside of the cleaning frame 131 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of notch grooves 133 are sequentially provided from top to bottom at positions located on both sides of the second reserved notch 132, and the outer sides of the notch grooves 133 are each fixedly installed with a U-shaped filter cover 137.

[0052] The cleaning frame 131 is configured as a cavity structure with a second reserved notch 132 in the middle, which corresponds to the first reserved notch 63 on the outside, and the back plate 138 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank 10 by a magnetic coating 139, which can move synchronously with the magnetic detection mechanism 6 and can clean the impurities on the inner wall of the separation tank 10 by the bevel on both sides of the back plate 138, improving the efficiency of impurity separation and providing the feature of actively sweeping away obstacles for the rotation of the cleaning frame 131. The several notch grooves 133 on both sides of the cleaning frame 131 are completely through cavities, so the filter end on the outside is U-shaped. The completely through cavity state ensures that the rotating spray end can clean the entire area around the cleaning frame 131 when gas or liquid or gas-liquid mixture is sprayed, which can clean the second reserved notch 132 on the inside of the cleaning frame 131 and prevent impurities from remaining in the notch.

[0053] As shown in Figures 1 to 10 The anti-blocking mechanism 13 also includes a cavity box 1310 fixedly installed on the top of the cleaning frame 131, two groups of opposite clamping collars 1311 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cavity box 1310, a driving pipe 1312 is movably installed on each clamping collar 1311, a second gear disc 1319 is fixedly installed on the top of each driving pipe 1312, the side edges of the second gear discs 1319 of the two driving pipes 1312 are meshed with each other, a third gear disc 1320 is movably installed on one side end of the upper surface of the cavity box 1310, the bottom of the third gear disc 1320 is fixedly connected with the second gear disc 1319 on the same side end, an inner convex ring 11 is fixedly installed on the position where the upper side of the inside of the separation tank 10 is flush with the third gear disc 1320, two toothed sections 12 separated by 180 degrees are arranged on the inner convex ring 11, and the two flush third gear discs 1320 are meshed with the toothed sections 12.

[0054] The cavity box 1310 is configured to cover the driving pipe 1312, and the driving pipe 1312 is used to drive the built-in rotating pipe 134. The toothed section 12 arranged on the inner convex ring 11 is a circular toothed structure, and the length of the toothed section 12 corresponds to the rolling range of the third gear plate 1320. When the third gear plate 1320 contacts the inner convex ring 11 and does not mesh, the third gear plate 1320 does not rotate. When the third gear plate 1320 contacts the toothed section 12 on the inner convex ring 11, the third gear plate 1320 rotates due to meshing. When the third gear plate 1320 passes through a toothed section 12, the third gear plate 1320 rotates half a circle, that is, rotates 180 degrees. When the built-in rotating pipe 134 passes through a toothed section 12, the scraping convex edge 135 on the built-in rotating pipe 134 scrapes from one end of the U-shaped filter cover 137 to the other end, that is, completes the cleaning of the inner surface of the U-shaped filter cover 137, and ensures the stability of the spraying surface.

[0055] As shown in Figures 1 to 10 the driving pipe 1312 penetrates into the cavity on both sides of the second reserved slot 132 in the cleaning frame 131, and the penetrating end is fixedly installed with the built-in rotating pipe 134. The outer surface of the built-in rotating pipe 134 is fixedly installed with two groups of scraping convex edges 135 attached to the U-shaped filter cover 137. A plurality of spraying heads 136 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating pipe 134 between the two scraping convex edges 135. The area between the two inner recessed ring grooves 14 on the separation tank 10 is a transparent cover 15.

[0056] The scraping convex edge 135 arranged on the outer side of the built-in rotating pipe 134 is a flexible brush block structure. The transparent cover 15 arranged between the two inner recessed ring grooves 14 is used to ensure that the detection end, that is, the optical detection sensor 61, can more smoothly enter the inside of the separation tank 10.

[0057] As shown in Figures 1 to 10 the anti-shielding mechanism 13 further includes an external sealing cover 1313 movably covered on the outer side of the two driving pipes 1312 in the cavity box 1310. The external sealing cover 1313 is a cavity structure. The two side ends of the external sealing cover 1313 are provided with circular openings corresponding to the positions of the two driving pipes 1312. The upper and lower sides of the circular openings are fixedly installed with second sealing ring sleeves 1316. The driving pipes 1312 are fixedly installed with first sealing ring sleeves 1314 sealingly attached to the second sealing ring sleeves 1316 at the positions of the circular openings of the two side ends of the external sealing cover 1313.

[0058] Among them, the purpose of the configured external sealing cover 1313 is to supply liquid and air to the two driving tubes 1312 in the cavity box 1310, and not to interfere with the rotation of the two driving tubes 1312. The configured second sealing ring sleeve 1316 and the first sealing ring sleeve 1314 are circular sealing joint structures in the prior art, which ensure the sealing at the interface position while also being able to rotate in a tight state.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a plurality of first flow openings 1315 are opened in a circular manner at positions between the first sealing ring sleeves 1314 on the driving tube 1312, and a plurality of second flow openings 1317 are opened in a circular manner at positions between the second sealing ring sleeves 1316 in the circular openings at both sides of the external sealing cover 1313. A drainage hose 1318 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the cavity box 1310, and the drainage hose 1318 is connected to the interior of the external sealing cover 1313.

[0060] Among them, the configured first flow port 1315 and the second flow port 1317 are drainage openings, the purpose of which is to ensure that the material entering the external sealing cover 1313 can enter the driving tubes 1312 on both sides, and the configured drainage hose 1318 does not interfere with the rotation of the two meshing second gear plates 1319.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the liquid supply mechanism 7 includes a storage tank 71 fixedly mounted on the side of the optical detection sensor 61, a pump 72 is fixedly mounted on the inner top of the storage tank 71, a water jetting and air extraction module 73 is fixedly mounted on the extraction end of the pump 72, and a U-shaped output pipe 8 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the pump 72, the U-shaped output pipe 8 bypasses the top of the separation tank 10 and extends to the adjacent cavity box 1310, and is communicated with the drainage hose 1318 on the cavity box 1310.

[0062] Among them, the configured water injection and air extraction module 73 and the pump 72 are an integrated structure, which is a pump body structure capable of pumping water and air in the prior art. During operation, the liquid on the upper side of the storage tank 71 or the gas at the bottom of the storage tank 71 can be selected for extraction according to the insertion position of the configured extraction end conduit. With liquid as the power medium, a negative pressure is formed in the mixing chamber through high-speed water flow, gas is sucked in and high-pressure gas is discharged. When there is no liquid, the high-pressure gas is discharged through the gas-water separation pipe.

[0063] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the liquid supply mechanism 7 further comprises a partition plate 74 fixedly installed on the inner bottom side of the storage tank 71, the inner bottom of the storage tank 71 is separated into an independent cavity by the partition plate 74, the side wall of the cavity is fixedly installed with an air inlet filter plate 76, and the cavity is internally arranged with a filter cotton block 77, and the suction end of the suction pump 72 is fixedly installed with an air guide pipe 75, and the air guide pipe 75 is connected into the independent cavity at the bottom of the partition plate 74.

[0064] The partition plate 74 is arranged to separate the inner bottom of the storage tank 71 into an independent cavity, the air inlet filter plate 76 arranged on the independent cavity is a filter cotton structure for filtering impurities in the gas in the prior art, and the filter cotton block 77 is used for further adsorbing and filtering impurity particles in the gas, so that the adsorbed gas sprayed out is relatively pure.

[0065] As shown in the figure, ​ The U-shaped output pipe 8 is arranged with a fishing mechanism 9, the fishing mechanism 9 comprises an assembly rod 91, the two side ends of the assembly rod 91 are fixedly installed with tightening buckles 92, and the tightening buckles 92 are sleeved on the U-shaped output pipe 8 extending into the inside of the separation tank 10, the surface of the assembly rod 91 is fixedly installed with a fishing bucket 93 arranged at the top position of the separation tank 10, the fishing end of the fishing bucket 93 is an inclined surface inclined upward as a whole, and the bottom surface of the fishing bucket 93 is arranged with a plurality of leakage openings 94.

[0066] The fishing mechanism 9 is arranged at the top position of the inside of the separation tank 10 through the U-shaped output pipe 8, the tightening buckles 92 on the two sides are buckle structures capable of changing the tightness of the clamping end in the prior art, and the fixed height of the fishing mechanism 9 at the top of the inside of the separation tank 10 can be adjusted by using the tightening characteristics in the working process, and it is well known that the digestion and flotation combination method is to remove organic interfering substances by density liquid flotation and chemical digestion, and after the sediment sample is mixed with the digestion liquid, the microplastics are separated by density gradient flotation, and the microplastics separated at last float on the top of the separation tank 10 and are fished by the fishing mechanism 9 following the rotation of the device, which is a synchronous and cooperative structure.

[0067] The working principle of the present application is as follows:

[0068] In use, first, the gravity column or trawl is used to collect shallow sea silt sediments, and the large particle impurities such as stones and shells are removed through the screen, and after the sediments are air-dried, the microplastics and sandy matrix are preliminarily separated through mechanical screening, such as the liquid separation funnel or automatic screening device in the prior art, to complete the work in the pretreatment stage, and then enter the digestion stage, and hydrogen peroxide is injected into the liquid supply mechanism 7 on the two sides of the separation tank 10 to digest organic matter, and saturated sodium chloride solution is used for flotation, as follows:

[0069] First, inject hydrogen peroxide on the partition plate 74 of the storage tank 71 of the one side liquid supply mechanism 7, inject saturated sodium chloride solution on the partition plate 74 of the storage tank 71 of the other side liquid supply mechanism 7, and then inject clean water into the inside of the separation tank 10 through the conduit to guide the sediment to be treated into the inside of the separation tank 10 for initial flotation treatment.

[0070] Then, after the initial flotation, the first gear disc 3 controlled by the servo motor 2 drives the gear ring 5 on the circular guide rail frame 4 to rotate, so that the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6 on the surface of the gear ring 5 rotates around the outer surface of the separation tank 10, with a reciprocating rotation range of 180 degrees. In the process of rotation, the optical detection end of the optical detection sensor 61 penetrates the first reserved slot 63, the second reserved slot 132, and the transparent cover 15 into the inside of the separation tank 10, and uses the light detection characteristics to obtain the state of the internal liquid and density in real time.

[0071] Then, in the process of reciprocating rotation of light detection, the high-pressure gas is transported to one side of the U-shaped output pipe 8 by the air intake filter plate 76 at the bottom of the partition plate 74, and the high-pressure gas generated by the U-shaped output pipe 8 enters the drainage hose 1318 of the cavity box 1310, and then enters the inside of the external sealing cover 1313, and then enters the first flow-through port 1315 in the middle end of the first sealing ring sleeve 1314 in the driving pipe 1312 through the second flow-through port 1317 at the position of the second sealing ring sleeve 1316 on both sides of the external sealing cover 1313, and then enters the inside of the driving pipe 1312, and then is sent into the built-in rotating pipe 134 on both sides through the driving pipe 1312, and finally is sprayed out through the spray head 136 on the surface of the built-in rotating pipe 134. At the same time, in the process of rotating the cleaning frame 131 following the rotation of the magnetic attraction detection mechanism 6, the third gear disc 1320 arranged at the bottom of the cleaning frame 131 reciprocally contacts the toothed section 12 on the inner convex ring 11, so that the two second gear discs 1319 in the cavity box 1310 rotate towards each other due to meshing, and the built-in rotating pipes 134 on both sides are synchronously rotated towards each other by using the characteristic of the reciprocating rotation, and the spray head 136 of the spray as a whole, so that a fan-shaped air channel area that can reciprocally act and rotate is generated on the surface of the cleaning frame 131, and the optical detection end of the optical detection sensor 61 on the same side and the opposite side can be effectively provided with a blowing effect in the inside of the separation tank 10, so as to ensure the stability of the detection light path in the process of covering rotation detection.

[0072] Finally, first open the liquid supply mechanism 7 of the storage tank 71 on the side where hydrogen peroxide is stored, and supply hydrogen peroxide to the anti-shielding mechanism 13, that is, one end of the spray head 136, through the pump 72. At this time, no gas is supplied. The supplied hydrogen peroxide is used to decompose organic matter in the sediment, such as algae residues and biological debris, through an oxidation reaction. In order to improve the stability and efficiency of this process, a catalyst may be added to form a Fenton reaction to enhance the oxidation efficiency. After the organic matter is completely decomposed, the solution changes from turbid to clear, and the upper floating objects are mainly microplastics and inorganic particles. Then open the liquid supply mechanism 7 of the storage tank 71 on the side where saturated sodium chloride solution is stored. At this time, no gas and hydrogen peroxide are supplied. Saturated sodium chloride solution is used because of its low cost and effectiveness for low-density microplastics. After digestion, the separation tank 10 is used for the benefit. A reciprocating anti-blocking mechanism 13 is used to make the microplastics float up by utilizing its state similar to mechanical stirring. After mixing, the rotation is stopped. After standing and stratification, the upper liquid collects the microplastics through the overflow weir or filter membrane, and the lower layer precipitates as sandy residue. If the mixture inside the separation tank 10 has a high silt content, it can be floated back and forth multiple times. Because the surface turns yellow and the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum disappears under strong oxidation, excessive digestion may cause the microplastic particles to break or adsorb pollutants to be desorbed, affecting the accuracy of subsequent analysis. Therefore, an online sensor, that is, an optical detection sensor 61, is used to monitor the state of the digestion liquid in real time to avoid reaction runaway. The digestion time can be dynamically adjusted according to the organic matter content in the sediment silt to achieve a high recovery rate of microplastics. The decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide are water and oxygen, which avoids secondary pollution.

[0073] Furthermore, in the entire process, except for the particularity during liquid supply, the anti-shielding mechanism 13 can discharge gas to assist the optical detection of the optical detection sensor 61 .

[0074] The present invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. To provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail below in connection with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand the present invention without these detailed descriptions. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail.

[0075] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments, comprising a base plate, characterized in that: A servo motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the base plate, a first gear plate is fixedly mounted on the output end of the servo motor, a circular guide rail frame is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, a separation tank is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the circular guide rail frame, a gear ring is movably mounted on the upper surface of the circular guide rail frame, the gear ring is integrally sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank, and the side is meshed with the first gear plate; The upper surface of the gear ring is provided with two sets of magnetic detection mechanisms separated by 180 degrees. The inner wall of the separation tank is provided with an anti-blocking mechanism corresponding to the adsorption of the magnetic detection mechanism. The sides of the magnetic detection mechanism are provided with a liquid supply mechanism for supplying air and liquid to the anti-blocking mechanism. Among them, the anti-blocking mechanism includes a cleaning frame and two built-in rotating tubes arranged inside the cleaning frame. The gas and liquid supplied to the anti-blocking mechanism are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating tubes to blow away the blocking impurities around the optical path detection end of the magnetic detection mechanism.

2. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic detection mechanism includes an optical detection sensor, and a U-shaped shell is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the optical detection sensor. The U-shaped shell is fitted with the outer circular surface of the separation tank, and a first reserved notch is provided at the middle position of the fitting end surface. The detection end of the optical detection sensor emits detection light toward the center position of the separation tank through the first reserved notch. Two upper and lower concave ring grooves are provided on the outer surface of the separation tank. The U-shaped shell is fixedly installed with a convex magnetic block stuck in the concave ring groove at the side position on the end surface of the separation tank.

3. A device for separating microplastics in marine sediments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism also includes a back plate fixedly mounted on the side of the cleaning frame, the back plate is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank, and a magnetic coating corresponding to the inner and outer adsorption of the convex magnetic block is arranged on the close end, the side ends on both sides of the back plate are beveled surfaces, and a second reserved notch corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the first reserved notch is opened at the middle position of the cleaning frame and the back plate surface, the interior of the cleaning frame is a cavity structure, and a number of notch grooves are opened in sequence from top to bottom at the positions on both sides of the second reserved notch, and a U-shaped filter cover is fixedly installed on the outside of the notch groove.

4. A device for separating microplastics in marine sediments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism also includes a cavity box fixedly mounted on the top of the cleaning frame, two groups of opposite clamping sleeves fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cavity box, and a driving tube movably mounted on the clamping sleeve, and a second gear plate fixedly mounted on the top of the driving tube, and the sides of the second gear plates of the two driving tubes are engaged with each other, a third gear plate movably mounted at one end of the upper surface of the cavity box, and the bottom of the third gear plate is fixedly connected to the second gear plate at the same side end, an inner convex ring is fixedly mounted on the inner upper side of the separation tank at a position flush with the third gear plate, and two tooth sections 180 degrees apart are arranged on the inner convex ring, and the two flush third gear plates are engaged with the tooth sections.

5. A device for separating microplastics in marine sediments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving tubes on both sides of the cavity box penetrate into the cavities on both sides of the second reserved notch inside the cleaning frame, and built-in rotating tubes are fixedly installed on the penetration ends, and two groups of scraping convex edges attached to the U-shaped filter cover are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube, and a number of spray heads are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube at a position between the two scraping convex edges, and the area between the two concave ring grooves on the separation tank is a transparent cover.

6. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism also includes an external sealing cover on the outside of the two driving tubes in the cavity box. The external sealing cover is a cavity structure as a whole. Circular openings communicating with the cavity inside the external sealing cover are opened at the positions of the two driving tubes on both side ends of the external sealing cover, and second sealing ring sleeves are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the circular openings. The driving tube sleeve is fixedly installed with first sealing ring sleeves at the positions of the circular openings on both side ends of the external sealing cover, which are sealed with the second sealing ring sleeves.

7. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving tube is provided with a plurality of first flow openings in a circular manner at positions between the first sealing ring sleeves, and the circular openings on both sides of the external sealing cover are provided with a plurality of second flow openings in a circular manner at positions between the second sealing ring sleeves. A drainage hose is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the cavity box, and the drainage hose is connected to the interior of the external sealing cover.

8. The device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid supply mechanism includes a storage tank fixedly installed on the side of the optical detection sensor, a pump fixedly installed on the inner top of the storage tank, a water jet and air extraction module fixedly installed on the extraction end of the pump, and a U-shaped output pipe fixedly installed on the output end of the pump. The U-shaped output pipe bypasses the top of the separation tank and extends to the adjacent cavity box, and is connected to the drainage hose on the cavity box.

9. The device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid supply mechanism also includes a partition plate fixedly mounted on the lower side of the storage tank. The inner bottom of the storage tank is separated into an independent cavity by the partitioning effect of the partition plate, and an air intake filter plate is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the cavity, and a filter cotton block is arranged inside the cavity. An air guide tube is fixedly mounted on the extraction end of the pump, and the air guide tube is connected to the independent cavity at the bottom of the partition plate.

10. The device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 9, characterized in that: The U-shaped output tube is provided with a scooping mechanism, which includes an assembly rod. Tightening buckles are fixedly installed at both end positions of the assembly rod, and are sleeved on the U-shaped output tube extending inside the separation tank through the tightening buckles. A scooping bucket is fixedly installed on the surface of the assembly rod and is placed at the top position in the separation tank. The scooping end of the scooping bucket is an overall slightly upward inclined bevel, and the bottom surface of the scooping bucket is provided with a plurality of leaks.

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