Heat pool structure and heat management system for new energy automobile multi-mode waste heat recovery

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat pool structure and a heat management system for new energy automobile multi-mode waste heat recovery, the heat pool structure comprises a heat pool shell, and two opposite side parts of the heat pool shell are respectively provided with a plurality of heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces; the multiple metal flow guide parts are arranged between the inner walls of the hot pool shell in a filling mode; the multiple paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage parts are arranged between the adjacent metal flow guide parts in a crossed mode; the thermal management system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell loop, a motor loop, a hot pool and warm air core loop, a compressor cooling loop, a cell loop and an eight-way valve. Various low-temperature waste heat can be fully recycled, energy waste can be avoided, modularization and integration of a heat management system can be optimized, the complexity and cost of the system can be reduced, and the energy utilization rate can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a heat pool structure and a thermal management system for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, with the rapid development of the global new energy vehicle (NEV) market, thermal management technology, a key factor influencing vehicle performance, safety, and user experience, is experiencing unprecedented technological innovation and market opportunities. Compared to traditional fuel vehicles, the thermal management system of NEVs is more complex, involving the efficient coordination of multiple modules such as batteries, motors, electronic controls, and the cabin.

[0003] Currently, existing new energy vehicle thermal management waste heat recovery technologies, such as the known heat pool and thermal management system that uses molten salt heat transfer to achieve vehicle exhaust waste heat recovery (CN119435179A), mostly focus on recovering engine exhaust waste heat. Because it can reach high temperatures above 400 degrees Celsius, a large amount of research has focused on recycling and utilizing its heat, thereby ignoring the fact that motors and hydrogen fuel cells also have a large amount of waste heat that needs to be recovered. Although the waste heat temperature of motors and hydrogen fuel cells can only reach a maximum of 100 degrees Celsius, ignoring this waste heat will result in energy waste.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to address, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, the present invention proposes a heat pool structure and thermal management system for multi-mode waste heat recovery in new energy vehicles. This structure not only fully recycles and utilizes various low-temperature waste heat, thus avoiding energy waste, but also optimizes the modularization and integration of the thermal management system, reducing system complexity and cost while improving energy utilization.

[0006] A heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention comprises:

[0007] The heat pool housing has a plurality of heat flow inlet and outlet ports respectively formed on two opposite sides of the heat pool housing;

[0008] Metal guides, multiple metal guides are arranged in a filling manner between the inner walls of the heat pool shell;

[0009] Paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage element, multiple paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage elements are cross-arranged between adjacent metal guide elements.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat pool housing includes a pool body and an upper cover. The top of the pool body is provided with a pool opening, and the upper cover is sealably connected to the pool opening.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, there are three heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces, one heat flow inlet and outlet interface is arranged on one side of the pool body near the bottom, and two heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces are arranged up and down on the other side of the pool body, and each heat flow inlet and outlet interface is provided with a pagoda joint.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the metal flow guide comprises a porous metal tube support, the porous metal tube support is formed by stacking a plurality of porous metal tube rack layers, and the paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage element is stacked between adjacent porous metal tube rack layers;

[0013] Each perforated metal pipe rack layer includes a plurality of perforated pipes arranged at intervals in the same plane and two arc-shaped guide plates symmetrically connected to both sides of the perforated pipes. The arc-shaped guide plates are connected to the perforated pipes and their openings face the heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage element includes an aluminum foil bag and a paraffin-graphite mixture filled in the aluminum foil bag.

[0015] According to the present invention, a thermal management system implemented by using the above-mentioned heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles includes: a hydrogen fuel cell circuit, a motor circuit, a heat pool and heater core circuit, a compressor cooling circuit, a battery circuit and an eight-way valve;

[0016] The hydrogen fuel cell circuit includes a three-way valve I, a first water pump, a hydrogen fuel cell and an eight-way valve connected end to end in sequence, and the three-way valve I, the first water pump, the hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell radiator are also closed end to end;

[0017] The motor circuit includes a second water pump, a motor, an MCU, an eight-way valve, and a radiator of the motor and the MCU, which are connected end to end in sequence;

[0018] The heat pool and the warm air core circuit include a heat pool, a third water pump, a warm air core, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor and a three-way valve II which are connected end to end in sequence, and the heat pool, the three-way valve II and the eight-way valve are also closed end to end;

[0019] The battery circuit includes a third water pump, a battery, an eight-way valve and a cooler connected end to end in sequence;

[0020] The compressor cooling circuit includes a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, and a cabin evaporator connected end to end in sequence, and the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the condenser, the second electronic expansion valve, and the cooler are also connected end to end in a closed manner;

[0021] The heat pool corresponds to the heat pool structure described above.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the operating modes of the thermal management system include ten thermal management operating modes;

[0023] The first thermal management operating mode is: cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell radiator, cooling of the motor and MCU radiator, cooling of the cabin evaporator, and cooling of the cooler. At this time, port 1 of the three-way valve I is connected to port 3, port 3 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 4, and port 7 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 8.

[0024] The second thermal management mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the battery; at this time, the No. 3 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 8 port, and the No. 4 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 7 port;

[0025] The third thermal management operating mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to heat the battery; at this time, port 1 of the three-way valve I is connected to port 2, port 3 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 6, and port 4 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 5;

[0026] The fourth thermal management working mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool. At this time, the No. 1 port of the three-way valve II is connected to the No. 2 port, the No. 1 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 8 port, and the No. 2 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 7 port.

[0027] The fifth thermal management working mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to heat the heat pool, or the heat pool heats the hydrogen fuel cell alone; at this time, port 1 of the three-way valve I is connected to port 2, port 1 of the three-way valve II is connected to port 2, port 1 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 6, and port 2 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 5;

[0028] The sixth thermal management mode is: the heat pool heats the cabin; at this time, port 2 and port 3 of the three-way valve II are connected;

[0029] The seventh thermal management working mode is: the heat pool heats the battery alone; at this time, port 1 of the three-way valve II is connected to port 2, port 1 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 4, and port 2 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 3;

[0030] The eighth thermal management operating mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin. At this time, port 1 of the three-way valve II is connected to port 3, port 1 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 8, and port 2 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 7.

[0031] The ninth thermal management operating mode is: the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin. In this mode, adjust the No. 1 and No. 2 ports of the three-way valve I and adjust the No. 1 and No. 3 ports of the three-way valve II to connect. The No. 1 and No. 6 ports of the eight-way valve are connected, and the No. 2 and No. 5 ports of the eight-way valve are connected.

[0032] The tenth thermal management working mode is: the waste heat recovered from the motor is directly used to heat the hydrogen fuel cell; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 5 interface of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 8 interface, and the No. 6 interface of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 7 interface.

[0033] The heat pool structure and thermal management system for multi-mode waste heat recovery in new energy vehicles, according to the present invention, can utilize the heat pool structure to store low-temperature waste heat generated by fuel cells, motors, and other systems, and release the heat when needed, thus avoiding energy waste. The present invention also utilizes an eight-way valve to achieve a modular and integrated design of the thermal management system, enabling flexible switching between heat storage and release in the low-temperature heat pool, reducing system complexity and cost. It can also create 10 operating modes to meet different needs, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0036] Figure 1 These are three-dimensional perspective views of some embodiments of the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 These are front perspective views of some embodiments of the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 These are stereoscopic views of some embodiments of the heat pool housing in the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a front view of some embodiments of the heat pool shell in the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 These are stereoscopic diagrams of some embodiments of the metal guide member + paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage member in the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6This is a front view of some embodiments of the metal guide member + paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage member in the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7 Side views of some embodiments of the metal guide member + paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage member in the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 1 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 9 1 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the first thermal management working mode.

[0045] Figure 10 1 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the second thermal management working mode.

[0046] Figure 11 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the third thermal management working mode.

[0047] Figure 12 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the fourth thermal management working mode.

[0048] Figure 13 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the fifth thermal management working mode.

[0049] Figure 14 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the sixth thermal management working mode.

[0050] Figure 15 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the seventh thermal management working mode.

[0051] Figure 16 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the eighth thermal management working mode.

[0052] Figure 17 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the ninth thermal management working mode.

[0053] Figure 18 4 is a structural block diagram of some embodiments of the thermal management system of the present invention in the tenth thermal management working mode.

[0054] Meaning of the reference numerals in the figure:

[0055] 1-heat pool structure;

[0056] 11-heat pool shell; 111-pool body; 112-upper cover; 113-pagoda joint;

[0057] 12-metal guide piece; 121-perforated metal pipe rack layer; 1211-perforated pipe; 1212-arc-shaped guide plate;

[0058] 13-paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage element; 131-aluminum foil bag;

[0059] 100-thermal management system;

[0060] 10 - hydrogen fuel cell circuit; 101 - three-way valve I; 102 - first water pump; 1021 - first expansion kettle; 103 - hydrogen fuel cell; 104 - hydrogen fuel cell radiator;

[0061] 20 - Motor circuit; 201 - Second water pump; 2011 - Second expansion kettle; 202 - Motor; 203 - MCU; 204 - Motor and MCU radiator;

[0062] 30 - heat pool and heater core circuit; 301 - heat pool; 302 - third water pump; 3021 - third expansion kettle; 303 - heater core; 304 - positive temperature coefficient thermistor; 305 - three-way valve II;

[0063] 40-compressor cooling circuit; 401-compressor; 402-cabin evaporator; 403-first electronic expansion valve; 404-gas-liquid separator; 405-second electronic expansion valve; 406-condenser;

[0064] 50 - battery circuit; 501 - fourth water pump; 5011 - fourth expansion kettle; 502 - battery; 503 - cooler;

[0065] 60-Eight-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0067] Thermal management systems in related technologies, such as the heat pool and thermal management system disclosed in CN119435179A that uses molten salt heat transfer and heat conduction to achieve automobile exhaust waste heat recovery, focus on recovering high-temperature waste heat from engine exhaust above 400 degrees, and lack the recovery of large amounts of low-temperature waste heat from motors, hydrogen fuel cells, etc., resulting in energy waste.

[0068] In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention is intended to provide a heat pool structure and thermal management system for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles. By fully considering the waste heat recovery of hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity and water through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and also generate a large amount of heat. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cells are incorporated into the thermal management system as the heat source of the thermal management system, and the low-temperature waste heat is reasonably and efficiently recovered using the heat pool structure. At the same time, the present invention also recovers motor waste heat based on the recovery of the heat pool structure (such as the use of motor waste heat for battery heating), which can effectively reduce the loss of winter endurance, reduce energy consumption, and improve energy utilization. In addition, the thermal management system of the present invention integrates the motor circuit, hydrogen fuel cell circuit, heat pool and heater core circuit, and battery thermal management circuit through the provision of an eight-way valve, thereby improving the integration of the thermal management system and reducing the complexity and cost of the system. Thus, the above-mentioned problems are solved.

[0069] The following is based on Figure 1-Figure 7 The heat pool structure 1 for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles of the present invention is described in detail.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 1-7 An embodiment of the present invention provides a heat pool structure 1 for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles, including a heat pool shell 11, a metal guide 12 and a paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage element 13; two opposite sides of the heat pool shell 11 are respectively provided with a plurality of heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces; a plurality of metal guides 12 are arranged in a filling manner between the inner walls of the heat pool shell 11; and a plurality of paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage elements 13 are cross-arranged between adjacent metal guides 12.

[0071] The heat pool structure 1 of this embodiment of the present invention can store waste heat generated by the fuel cell and the motor 202, releasing the heat when needed, thereby improving energy utilization. Specifically, heat recovered from the motor 202 or hydrogen fuel cell 103 is carried into the heat pool housing 11 via a fluid. The paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage element 13, with the help of the metal flow guide 12, efficiently absorbs and stores the heat, and then switches modes to release the heat when needed.

[0072] Reference Figures 1-4 In an embodiment of the heat pool structure 1 of the present invention, the heat pool housing 11 includes a pool body 111 and an upper cover 112. The top of the pool body 111 is provided with a pool opening, and the upper cover 112 can be sealedly connected to the pool opening.

[0073] More specifically, the upper cover 112 can be directly mounted on the perforated pool body 111, so that the entire heat pool housing 11 is in a closed state, thereby ensuring that the internal heat is fully exchanged.

[0074] Reference Figures 1-4In the embodiment of the heat pool structure 1 of the present invention, the number of heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces is three, one heat flow inlet and outlet interface is arranged on one side of the pool body 111 near the bottom, and two heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces are arranged up and down on the other side of the pool body 111, and each heat flow inlet and outlet interface is provided with a pagoda joint 113.

[0075] For example, the heat flow inlet and outlet interface located near the bottom on one side of the pool body 111 is used to connect to interface No. 2 of the three-way valve II 305, and the two heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces located at the top and bottom on the other side of the pool body 111 are respectively used to connect to interface No. 1 of the eight-way valve 60 and the inlet of the third water pump 302.

[0076] Reference Figure 5-Figure 7 In an embodiment of the heat pool structure 1 of the present invention, the metal guide member 12 includes a perforated metal tube support, which is composed of a plurality of stacked perforated metal tube rack layers 121, and the paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage member 13 is stacked between adjacent perforated metal tube rack layers 121; wherein each perforated metal tube rack layer 121 includes a plurality of perforated pipes 1211 arranged at intervals in the same plane and two arc-shaped guide plates 1212 symmetrically connected to both sides of the perforated pipes 1211, and the arc-shaped guide plates 1212 are connected to the perforated pipes 1211 and open toward the heat flow inlet and outlet interface.

[0077] In specific implementation, the design of the arc-shaped guide plate 1212, i.e., the C-tube and the perforated pipe 1211, is used to guide the heat fluid to quickly enter and exit the heat pool shell 11 through the heat flow inlet and outlet interface, and to quickly diffuse to the surrounding areas of each paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage component 13 through the perforated pipe 1211. The obtained efficient flow of heat fluid is conducive to full contact with the paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage component 13, further improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0078] Reference Figure 5-Figure 7 In an embodiment of the heat pool structure 1 of the present invention, the paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage element 13 includes an aluminum foil bag 131 and a paraffin-graphite mixture filled in the aluminum foil bag 131 .

[0079] More specifically, an aluminum foil bag 131 containing a paraffin wax-graphite mixture is positioned between the perforated metal tube rack layers 121, using the inner wall of the heat pool as a constraint. During use, the paraffin wax and graphite within the aluminum foil bag 131 automatically adjust their spacing as they expand. Furthermore, the paraffin wax-graphite mixture preferably contains paraffin wax and graphite in a ratio of 18:1, as this ratio effectively achieves heat storage and heat exchange.

[0080] Compared to existing technologies, the heat pool structure 1 provided by the present invention has the following features: 1. Flexible design. The flexible design and integration of the paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage element 13, which mixes paraffin and graphite in a specific ratio as a phase-change energy storage material and encapsulates the mixture in an aluminum foil bag 131, allows for flexible utilization of the pool space, increases contact area, and improves heat collection efficiency. 2. Simple and efficient structure. The simple perforated metal tube bracket design facilitates efficient heat exchange.

[0081] The following is based on Figures 8-18 The thermal management system 100 implemented by the heat pool structure 1 of the present invention is described in detail.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 8 An embodiment of the present invention also provides a thermal management system 100 implemented using the above-mentioned heat pool structure 1 for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles, including: a hydrogen fuel cell 103 circuit 10, a motor circuit 20, a heat pool and heater core circuit 30, a compressor cooling circuit 40, a battery circuit 50 and an eight-way valve 60.

[0083] Reference Figure 8 The hydrogen fuel cell 103 circuit 10 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a three-way valve I101, a first water pump 102, a hydrogen fuel cell 103 and an eight-way valve 60 connected end to end in sequence, and the three-way valve I101, the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103 and the hydrogen fuel cell radiator 104 are also closed and connected end to end.

[0084] Reference Figure 8 The motor circuit 20 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a second water pump 201, a motor 202, an MCU 203, an eight-way valve 60 and a motor and MCU radiator 204 connected end to end in sequence.

[0085] Reference Figure 8 The heat pool and heater core circuit 30 of this embodiment of the present invention includes a heat pool 301, a third water pump 302, a heater core 303, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor 304, and a three-way valve II 305, all connected end to end. The heat pool 301, three-way valve II 305, and eight-way valve 60 are also connected end to end. The battery circuit 50 includes a third water pump 302, a battery 502, an eight-way valve 60, and a cooler 503, all connected end to end. The heat pool 301 corresponds to the heat pool structure 1 described above.

[0086] Reference Figure 8 The compressor cooling circuit 40 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a gas-liquid separator 404, a compressor 401, a condenser 406, a first electronic expansion valve 403 and a cabin evaporator 402 connected end to end in sequence. At the same time, the gas-liquid separator 404, the compressor 401, the condenser 406, the second electronic expansion valve 405 and the cooler 503 are also connected end to end in a closed manner.

[0087] In an embodiment of the thermal management system 100 of the present invention, the operating modes of the thermal management system 100 include ten thermal management operating modes;

[0088] Reference Figure 9 , the first thermal management working mode is: the hydrogen fuel cell radiator 104 is cooled, the motor and MCU radiator 204 is cooled, the cabin evaporator 402 is cooled, and the cooler 503 is cooled; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I 101 is connected to the No. 3 interface, the No. 3 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 4 interface, and the No. 7 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 8 interface.

[0089] In the first thermal management mode, the hydrogen fuel cell radiator 104 is cooled. Specifically, when the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is at a high temperature and cannot operate within the appropriate temperature range, the hydrogen fuel cell 103 needs to be cooled. At this time, port 1 and port 3 of the three-way valve I 101 are connected, the first water pump 102 is activated, and fluid flows from the first expansion kettle 1021, passing through the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103, and the hydrogen fuel cell radiator 104 in sequence, thereby cooling the hydrogen fuel cell 103.

[0090] In the first thermal management mode, motor 202 and MCU heat sink 204 are cooled. Specifically, when motor 202 and MCU 203 are overheated, they need to be cooled to prevent damage to the motors. At this point, ports 7 and 8 of eight-way valve 60 are connected, the second water pump 201 is activated, and fluid flows from the second expansion tank 2011, sequentially passing through the second water pump 201, motor 202, MCU 203, eight-way valve 60, and motor and MCU heat sink 204, thereby cooling motor 202 and MCU 203.

[0091] In the first thermal management working mode, the cabin evaporator 402 is cooled. Specifically, when the cabin needs to be cooled, the evaporator needs to be cooled. At this time, the first electronic expansion valve 403 is opened, the compressor 401 is turned on, and the PTC (positive temperature coefficient thermistor 304) is not turned on. The gas flowing in from the gas-liquid separator is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which then releases heat through the condenser 406 and becomes a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. There is a partition between the condenser 406 and the motor and MCU radiator 204, so heat will not be transmitted to the motor and MCU radiator 204. The gas then passes through the first electronic expansion valve 403 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture. The gas then absorbs heat through the evaporator and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas. The gas then flows back to the gas-liquid separator to separate the gas and is transmitted to the compressor 401 to prevent the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 401 and causing shock. This cycle achieves the heat absorption effect of the evaporator, thereby completing the cabin cooling.

[0092] In the first thermal management mode, battery 502 is cooled. Specifically, when battery 502 needs to be cooled, a chiller (i.e., cooler 503) is used. At this point, second electronic expansion valve 405 opens, and compressor 401 turns on, compressing gas flowing from the gas-liquid separator into high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This gas then passes through condenser 406, releasing heat and transforming into a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid. This liquid then passes through second electronic expansion valve 405, transforming into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid. This liquid then absorbs heat and returns to the chiller (i.e., cooler 503), transforming into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas. This gas then flows back to gas-liquid separator 404, where it is separated and fed into compressor 401, completing this cycle and achieving the chiller's heat absorption effect. Simultaneously, ports 3 and 4 of eight-way valve 60 are connected, allowing fluid to flow out of fourth expansion tank 5011 and pass through fourth water pump 501, battery 502, eight-way valve 60, and chiller, sequentially, thereby cooling battery circuit 50.

[0093] Reference Figure 10 The second thermal management working mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the battery; at this time, the No. 3 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 8 interface, and the No. 4 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 7 interface.

[0094] In the second thermal management working mode, the waste heat of the motor is recovered to heat the battery. Specifically, when the temperature of the battery 502 is too low, it will cause adverse effects such as reduced battery life. The waste heat of the motor 202 is used to heat it. At this time, the No. 3 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 8 interface, the No. 4 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 7 interface, the second water pump 201 is turned on, and the fourth water pump 501 is turned off. The fluid flows out of the second expansion kettle 2011, passes through the second water pump 201, the motor 202, the MCU 203, the eight-way valve 60, the chiller, the fourth water pump 501, the battery 502, the eight-way valve 60 and the motor and MCU radiator 204 in sequence, and finally flows into the second water pump 201, realizing the transfer of the waste heat of the motor 202 to the battery, thereby completing the battery heating.

[0095] Reference Figure 11 The third thermal management working mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is recovered to heat the battery; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I 101 is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 3 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 6 interface, and the No. 4 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 5 interface.

[0096] In the third thermal management mode, waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is recovered to heat the battery. Specifically, if the battery 502 temperature is too low, which can negatively impact battery life, the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is used to heat it. At this point, ports 1 and 2 of the three-way valve I 101 are connected, ports 3 and 6 of the eight-way valve 60 are connected, and ports 4 and 5 of the eight-way valve 60 are connected. The first water pump 102 is turned on, and the fourth water pump 501 is turned off. Fluid flows from the first expansion tank 1021 and passes through the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103, the eight-way valve 60, the chiller, the fourth water pump 501, the battery 502, the eight-way valve 60, and the first water pump 102, transferring waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell 103 to the battery 502, thereby heating the battery.

[0097] Reference Figure 12 The fourth thermal management working mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool. At this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve II 305 is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 1 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 8 interface, and the No. 2 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 7 interface.

[0098] In the fourth thermal management mode, motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool. Specifically, when motor 202 is operating, waste heat is generated. When this waste heat is needed for extended periods or temporarily unused, it can be stored in heat pool 301 and released when needed, extending the waste heat utilization period. At this point, port 1 of three-way valve II 305 is connected to port 2, port 1 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 8, and port 2 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 7. The second water pump 201 is turned on. Fluid flows from the second expansion tank 2011, passes through the second water pump 201, motor 202, MCU 203, eight-way valve 60, heat pool 301, three-way valve II 305, eight-way valve 60, motor and MCU radiator 204, and finally flows into the second water pump 201, thereby recovering the waste heat from motor 202 and MCU 203 into heat pool 301.

[0099] Reference Figure 13 The fifth thermal management working mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is recovered to heat the heat pool or the heat pool heats the hydrogen fuel cell 103 alone; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I 101 is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve II 305 is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 1 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 6 interface, and the No. 2 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 5 interface.

[0100] In the fifth thermal management operating mode, waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is recovered to heat the heat pool. Specifically, when the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is operating, waste heat is generated. When the waste heat is needed for a long time or is temporarily unused, it can be stored in the heat pool 301 and released when needed, extending the waste heat utilization period. At this point, port 1 of the three-way valve I 101 is connected to port 2, port 1 of the three-way valve II 305 is connected to port 2, port 1 of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 6, port 2 of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 5, and the first water pump 102 is turned on. The fluid flows out of the first expansion kettle 1021, passes through the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103, the eight-way valve 60, the heat pool 301, the three-way valve II 305, the eight-way valve 60, the three-way valve I 101, and finally flows back to the first water pump 102, thereby recovering the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell 103 into the heat pool 301.

[0101] In the fifth thermal management mode, the heat pool independently heats the hydrogen fuel cell 103. Specifically, when the heat pool stores heat and the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is too cold to operate within the appropriate temperature range, the hydrogen fuel cell 103 needs to be heated. At this point, port 1 of three-way valve I 101 is connected to port 2, port 1 of three-way valve II 305 is connected to port 2, port 1 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 6, and port 2 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 5. The first water pump 102 is turned on. Fluid flows from the first expansion tank 1021, sequentially passing through the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103, the eight-way valve 60, the heat pool 301, the three-way valve II 305, the eight-way valve 60, the three-way valve I 101, and finally back to the first water pump 102, thereby achieving heat pool heating of the hydrogen fuel cell 103.

[0102] Reference Figure 14 The sixth thermal management working mode is: the heat pool heats the cabin; at this time, the No. 2 interface and the No. 3 interface of the three-way valve II 305 are connected.

[0103] In the sixth thermal management mode, the heat pool heats the cabin. Specifically, heat stored in heat pool 301 is released into the cabin to heat the cabin. At this point, ports 2 and 3 of three-way valve II 305 are connected, and the third water pump 302 is activated. Fluid flows from the third expansion kettle 3021, passes through the third water pump 302, heat pool 301, three-way valve II 305, the PTC, and finally returns to the third water pump 302, thereby heating the cabin. If the heat in heat pool 301 is insufficient to heat the cabin, the PTC can be activated for further heating.

[0104] Reference Figure 15The seventh thermal management working mode is: the heat pool heats the battery 502 alone; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve II 305 is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 1 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 4 interface, and the No. 2 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 3 interface.

[0105] In the seventh thermal management mode, the heat pool independently heats the battery. Specifically, when the battery 502's temperature is too low, which can negatively impact battery life, the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is used to heat it. At this point, port 1 of the three-way valve II 305 is connected to port 2, port 1 of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 4, and port 2 of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 3. The fourth water pump 501 is turned on. Fluid flows from the fourth expansion tank 5011, passes through the fourth water pump 501, the battery 502, the eight-way valve 60, the heat pool 301, the three-way valve II 305, the eight-way valve 60, the chiller, and finally returns to the fourth water pump 501, thereby achieving heat pool heating of the battery 502.

[0106] Reference Figure 16 The eighth thermal management working mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve II 305 is connected to the No. 3 interface, the No. 1 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 8 interface, and the No. 2 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 7 interface.

[0107] In the eighth thermal management mode, motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin. Specifically, the motor waste heat is used to directly heat the cabin, and some of the heat is stored in the heat pool 301, facilitating long-term cabin heating. At this point, port 1 of three-way valve II 305 is connected to port 3, port 1 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 8, and port 2 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 7. The second water pump 201 is on, the third water pump 302 is off, and the PTC is deactivated. Fluid flows from the second expansion tank 2011 and passes through the second water pump 201, the motor 202 and MCU 203, the eight-way valve 60, the heat pool 301, the third water pump 302, the heater core 303, the PTC, the three-way valve II 305, the eight-way valve 60, the motor and MCU radiator 204, and finally back to the second water pump 201, thereby recovering motor waste heat to heat the heat pool and the cabin.

[0108] Reference Figure 17 The ninth thermal management working mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I 101 is adjusted to be connected with the No. 2 interface, and the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve II 305 is adjusted to be connected with the No. 3 interface; the No. 1 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected with the No. 6 interface, and the No. 2 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected with the No. 5 interface.

[0109] In the ninth thermal management mode, waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin. This waste heat is used to directly heat the cabin, and some of it is stored in the heat pool 301, facilitating long-term cabin heating. At this point, port 1 of three-way valve I 101 is connected to port 3, port 1 of three-way valve II 305 is connected to port 3, port 1 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 8, and port 2 of eight-way valve 60 is connected to port 7. The first water pump 102 is on, the third water pump 302 is off, and the PTC is deactivated. The fluid flows out of the first expansion kettle 1021, passes through the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103, the eight-way valve 60, the heat pool 301, the third water pump 302, the heater core 303, the PTC, the three-way valve II 305, the eight-way valve 60, and finally flows back to the first water pump 102, thereby recovering the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell 103 to heat the heat pool 301 and heat the cabin.

[0110] Reference Figure 18 The tenth thermal management working mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered and directly used to heat the hydrogen fuel cell 103; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I 101 is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 5 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 8 interface, and the No. 6 interface of the eight-way valve 60 is connected to the No. 7 interface.

[0111] In the tenth thermal management operating mode, motor waste heat is recovered and used directly to heat the hydrogen fuel cell 103. Specifically, if the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 103 is too low, it can negatively impact the charging efficiency of the power battery. Therefore, waste heat from the motor 202 is used to heat the hydrogen fuel cell 103. At this point, port 1 and port 2 of the three-way valve I 101 are connected, port 5 and port 8 of the eight-way valve 60 are connected, and port 6 and port 7 of the eight-way valve 60 are connected. The second water pump 201 is turned on, and the first water pump 102 is turned off. Fluid flows from the second expansion tank 2011, sequentially passing through the second water pump 201, the motor 202 and MCU 203, the eight-way valve 60, the three-way valve I 101, the first water pump 102, the hydrogen fuel cell 103, the eight-way valve 60, the motor and MCU radiator 204, and finally back to the second water pump 201. This transfers waste heat from the motor 202 to the hydrogen fuel cell 103, thereby heating the hydrogen fuel cell 103.

[0112] In the ten management modes of the present embodiment, the water pump inlets are all connected to expansion kettles. Specifically, the inlet of the first water pump 102 is connected to the first expansion kettle 1021, the inlet of the second water pump 201 is connected to the second expansion kettle 2011, the inlet of the third water pump 302 is connected to the third expansion kettle 3021, and the inlet of the fourth water pump 501 is connected to the fourth expansion kettle 5011. In practice, the expansion kettles provide fluid for the circulation loop. When the fluid temperature rises, the expansion kettles regulate the water level, and excess liquid flows back into the expansion kettles to prevent excessive system pressure. Conversely, if the water level is too low, the expansion kettles replenish the fluid to maintain a normal level, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the system circulation.

[0113] The fuel cell thermal management system 100 provided in this embodiment of the present invention integrates a low-temperature heat pool structure 1 and has the following features: 1. A modular design enables flexible switching between heat storage and release in the low-temperature heat pool. 2. An integrated design integrates the fuel cell thermal management circuit, the motor thermal management circuit, the heat pool and heater core circuit, the compressor circuit, and the battery thermal management circuit through an eight-way valve 60. Switching the eight-way valve enables 10 operating modes.

[0114] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0115] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0116] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0117] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles, characterized in that: include: A heat pool housing, wherein two opposite sides of the heat pool housing are respectively provided with a plurality of heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces; Metal guides, a plurality of which are arranged in a filling manner between the inner walls of the heat pool shell; Paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage element, a plurality of the paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage elements are cross-arranged between adjacent metal guide elements.

2. The heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat pool housing comprises a pool body and an upper cover. A pool opening is provided on the top of the pool body, and the upper cover can be sealably connected to the pool opening.

3. The heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: There are three heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces, one of which is arranged on one side of the pool body near the bottom, and two heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces are arranged up and down on the other side of the pool body, and each heat flow inlet and outlet interface is provided with a pagoda joint.

4. The heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The metal flow guide comprises an open hole metal tube support, the open hole metal tube support is formed by stacking a plurality of open hole metal tube rack layers, and the paraffin-graphite hybrid heat storage element is stacked between adjacent open hole metal tube rack layers; Each perforated metal pipe rack layer includes a plurality of perforated pipes arranged at intervals in the same plane and two arc-shaped guide plates symmetrically connected to both sides of the perforated pipes. The arc-shaped guide plates are connected to the perforated pipes and open toward the heat flow inlet and outlet interfaces.

5. The heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The paraffin-graphite mixed heat storage component includes an aluminum foil bag and a paraffin-graphite mixture filled in the aluminum foil bag.

6. A thermal management system implemented by using the heat pool structure for multi-mode waste heat recovery of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Hydrogen fuel cell circuit, motor circuit, heat pool and heater core circuit, compressor cooling circuit, battery circuit and eight-way valve; The hydrogen fuel cell circuit includes a three-way valve I, a first water pump, a hydrogen fuel cell and an eight-way valve connected end to end in sequence, and the three-way valve I, the first water pump, the hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell radiator are also closed end to end; The motor circuit includes a second water pump, a motor, an MCU, an eight-way valve, and a radiator of the motor and the MCU, which are connected end to end in sequence; The heat pool and the warm air core circuit comprises a heat pool, a third water pump, a warm air core, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor and a three-way valve II connected end to end in sequence, and the heat pool, the three-way valve II and the eight-way valve are also closed end to end; The battery circuit includes a third water pump, a battery, an eight-way valve and a cooler connected end to end in sequence; The compressor cooling circuit includes a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, and a cabin evaporator connected end to end in sequence, and the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the condenser, the second electronic expansion valve, and the cooler are also connected end to end in a closed manner; The heat pool corresponds to the heat pool structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The operating modes of the thermal management system include ten thermal management working modes; The first thermal management operating mode is: cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell radiator, cooling of the motor and MCU radiator, cooling of the cabin evaporator, and cooling of the cooler. At this time, port 1 of the three-way valve I is connected to port 3, port 3 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 4, and port 7 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 8. The second thermal management mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the battery; at this time, the No. 3 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 8 port, and the No. 4 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 7 port; The third thermal management operating mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to heat the battery; at this time, port 1 of the three-way valve I is connected to port 2, port 3 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 6, and port 4 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 5; The fourth thermal management working mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool. At this time, the No. 1 port of the three-way valve II is connected to the No. 2 port, the No. 1 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 8 port, and the No. 2 port of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 7 port. The fifth thermal management working mode is: the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to heat the heat pool, or the heat pool heats the hydrogen fuel cell alone; at this time, port 1 of the three-way valve I is connected to port 2, port 1 of the three-way valve II is connected to port 2, port 1 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 6, and port 2 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 5; The sixth thermal management mode is: the heat pool heats the cabin; at this time, port 2 and port 3 of the three-way valve II are connected; The seventh thermal management working mode is: the heat pool heats the battery alone; at this time, port 1 of the three-way valve II is connected to port 2, port 1 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 4, and port 2 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 3; The eighth thermal management operating mode is: the motor waste heat is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin. At this time, port 1 of the three-way valve II is connected to port 3, port 1 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 8, and port 2 of the eight-way valve is connected to port 7. The ninth thermal management operating mode is: the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to heat the heat pool and the cabin. In this mode, adjust the No. 1 and No. 2 ports of the three-way valve I and adjust the No. 1 and No. 3 ports of the three-way valve II to connect. The No. 1 and No. 6 ports of the eight-way valve are connected, and the No. 2 and No. 5 ports of the eight-way valve are connected. The tenth thermal management working mode is: the waste heat recovered from the motor is directly used to heat the hydrogen fuel cell; at this time, the No. 1 interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the No. 2 interface, the No. 5 interface of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 8 interface, and the No. 6 interface of the eight-way valve is connected to the No. 7 interface.

Images