Method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres by taking folium artemisiae argyi as raw material and application of carbon nanospheres

Abstract

The invention provides a method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres by taking folium artemisiae argyi as a raw material and application of the carbon nanospheres, and belongs to the technical field of carbon nanospheres. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking folium artemisiae argyi as a raw material, adding the folium artemisiae argyi into deionized water to carry out hydrothermal reaction, centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain carbon nanospheres; the carbon nanosphere prepared by the method can be used as a carrier for loading drugs. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking medicinal and edible wormwood as a raw material, preparing carbon nanospheres through a hydrothermal reaction; the carbon nanospheres can stably load the anti-tumor drug adriamycin and transport the anti-tumor drug adriamycin into tumor cells, and the drug can be released for a long time; meanwhile, the carbon nanospheres can transport the adriamycin to a tumor microenvironment, so that the drug effect is exerted, the bioavailability of the adriamycin is improved, and the side effect of the adriamycin on normal cells is reduced. The carbon nanosphere disclosed by the invention is a novel nano material with a controllable drug release characteristic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon nanospheres, and in particular to a method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as a raw material and applications of the carbon nanospheres. Background Art

[0002] Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks sixth in incidence and third in mortality among malignant tumors. The early treatment for HCC is surgical resection and liver transplantation, but this may lead to a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis. Chemotherapy has been used in cancer treatment for nearly a century and remains an effective and widely used cancer treatment method. In many localized tumors, combined chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy before or after surgery can provide durable long-term survival benefits for many patients. Despite the extensive research investment in cancer research, drug resistance remains the most serious factor hindering effective treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and innovative HCC treatment products.

[0003] Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used anthracycline anticancer drug. As a broad-spectrum antitumor agent, it is widely used in the treatment of HCC. Although anthracyclines have been an important and effective treatment for various cancers, they are prone to serious side effects and toxicity (including cardiotoxicity) during and after treatment. Therefore, how to reduce the side effects of DOX and expand its clinical application has become a hot topic.

[0004] To achieve this goal, researchers have developed many targeted drug delivery systems, including polymers, liposomes, carbon nanospheres and other carriers. Among carbon-based organic nanoparticles, carbon nanospheres (CNS) have high biocompatibility, low toxicity, good water solubility and unique optical properties. Due to these excellent properties, they have become promising nanocarriers in drug delivery systems (DDS). Carbon nanospheres synthesized using bioactive ingredients as precursor materials have also been developed for biomedical applications. For example, carbon nanospheres derived from donkey skin gelatin can promote the proliferation and erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, enhance the maturation of red blood cells, and activate the entire process of erythropoiesis. Carbon nanospheres derived from honeysuckle have strong catalytic and pharmacological activity, and alleviate lung inflammation by inhibiting caspase11 / gsdmd-dependent pyroptosis.

[0005] Among numerous biomass materials, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds particular promise as active precursor materials for CNS synthesis due to its rich active ingredients and long history of clinical application. Importantly, compared to Western medicine, TCM is rich in active ingredients and possesses a wide variety of pharmacological properties. Mugwort, a TCM herb that combines medicinal and edible properties, exhibits potential anti-tumor effects. Therefore, carbon nanospheres derived from mugwort may possess some anti-tumor activity. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort as raw material, which fully utilizes the biologically active components of mugwort and the excellent properties of carbon nanomaterials.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw material comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Grind the dried and clean mugwort leaves with a grinding device for 5 minutes to obtain mugwort ground material;

[0010] Step 2: Weigh the ground mugwort leaves and dissolve them in deionized water to obtain a mixture, pour the mixture into the inner tank of a hydrothermal reactor, and ultrasonically oscillate at 37°C for 10 minutes;

[0011] Step 3: After shaking, react at 180-220°C for 2-4 hours;

[0012] Step 4: After the reaction is completed, wait for the hydrothermal reactor to cool to room temperature, open the hydrothermal reactor, take the upper layer of liquid in the liner, place it in a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, and take the supernatant;

[0013] Step 5: Filter the supernatant using a microporous filter membrane, place the filtrate in an oven to dry, and then scrape off the powder to obtain carbon nanospheres.

[0014] Preferably, the rotation speed of the grinding equipment in step 1 is 28000r / min, and the fineness is 30-300 mesh.

[0015] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the ground mugwort material to deionized water in step 2 is 0.5-0.7 g:15-20 mL.

[0016] Preferably, the centrifugal speed in step 4 is 10000-12000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 10-15 min.

[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the microporous filter membrane in step 5 is 0.22-0.45 μm.

[0018] Preferably, the drying temperature in step 5 is 80-100° C., and the drying time is 6-8 hours.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the carbon nanospheres in carrying anti-tumor drugs, wherein the anti-tumor drugs include at least one of doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, YAP1 inhibitors, PD-1 / PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate and artemether.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The carbon nanospheres prepared by the present invention are made from mugwort (wormwood), a food and medicine. The small-sized carbon nanospheres (<100 nm) produced through a hydrothermal reaction can serve as drug carriers. The carbon nanospheres can stably load the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin and transport it into tumor cells, releasing the drug over a long period of time. The carbon nanospheres can transport doxorubicin into the tumor microenvironment, where it can exert its efficacy, thereby increasing the bioavailability of DOX and reducing its side effects on normal cells. These carbon nanospheres are a novel nanomaterial with controlled drug release properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 TEM image of the CNS prepared in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the particle size distribution diagram of CNS prepared in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 3 HRTEM image of the CNS prepared in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 4 The XRD pattern of the CNS prepared in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 5 FT-IR spectrum of the CNS prepared in Example 1;

[0027] Figure 6 The emission spectra of the CNS prepared in Example 1 at different excitation wavelengths from 340 to 390 nm;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the XPS spectrum of the CNS prepared in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 8 is the high-resolution XPS spectrum of C1s;

[0030] Figure 9 This is the high-resolution XPS spectrum of O1s;

[0031] Figure 10 PL emission spectra of CNS solution, DOX aqueous solution and CNS-DOX solution under 367 nm excitation;

[0032] Figure 11 UV-vis absorption spectra of CNS solution, DOX aqueous solution and CNS-DOX solution;

[0033] Figure 12 FT-IR spectra of CNS solution, DOX solution, and CNS-DOX solution;

[0034] Figure 13 The results of the changes in the CNS encapsulation efficiency EE and drug loading efficiency DL of DOX in the drug-loaded complex CNS-DOX prepared in Example 1 are as follows;

[0035] Figure 14 The release of DOX in CNS in PBS buffer with different pH values ​​in Example 1, Example 3 and Comparative Example 2;

[0036] Figure 15 represents the changes in body weight of C57BL / 6 mice;

[0037] Figure 16 is the tumor volume of C57BL / 6 mice;

[0038] Figure 17 is the tumor weight of C57BL / 6 mice;

[0039] Figure 18 To observe the pathological changes of tumor tissue by H&E staining;

[0040] Figure 19 To detect the expression of Ki-67 in mouse tumor tissues by immunohistochemical staining;

[0041] Figure 20 It is the statistics of the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells in mouse tumor tissue;

[0042] Figure 21 To observe the histological results of mouse heart using H&E staining;

[0043] Figure 22 To observe the histological results of mouse liver using H&E staining;

[0044] Figure 23 To observe the histological results of mouse spleen using H&E staining;

[0045] Figure 24 To observe the histological results of mouse lungs using H&E staining;

[0046] Figure 25 To observe the histological results of mouse kidneys using H&E staining;

[0047] Figure 26 The results are shown for the detection of AST, ALT, BUN and CRE in mouse serum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention provides a method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Grind the dried and cleaned mugwort leaves using a grinding machine (Zhejiang Hongjingtian Industry and Trade Co., Ltd., DE-100g, power 650W), speed 28000r / min, fineness 30-300 mesh) for 5 minutes to obtain mugwort leaf ground material;

[0050] Step 2: Weigh 0.5-0.7 g of ground mugwort leaves and dissolve it in 15-20 mL of deionized water to obtain a mixture. Pour the mixture into the inner tank of a hydrothermal reactor and ultrasonically oscillate at 37°C for 10 minutes.

[0051] Step 3: After shaking, react at 180-220°C for 2-4 hours;

[0052] Step 4: After the reaction is completed, wait for the hydrothermal reactor to cool to room temperature, open the hydrothermal reactor, take the upper layer of the inner tank liquid, place it in a centrifuge tube for centrifugation (speed of 10000-12000 rpm, centrifugation time of 10-15 min), and take the supernatant;

[0053] Step 5: Filter the supernatant using a microporous filter membrane with a diameter of 0.22-0.45 μm, place the filtrate in an oven to dry (temperature of 80-100° C. for 6-8 hours), and then scrape off the powder to obtain carbon nanospheres.

[0054] The carbon nanospheres are used to load anti-tumor drugs, wherein the anti-tumor drugs include at least one of DOX, paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, YAP1 inhibitor, PD-1 / PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate and artemether; the mass ratio of the anti-tumor drug to the carbon nanospheres is 2:1, and the drug loading is carried out in a PBS solution with a pH of 7 to 7.5.

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Grind the dry and clean mugwort leaves with a grinding device for 5 minutes;

[0059] Step 2: Weigh 0.7 g of mugwort powder and dissolve it in 20 mL of deionized water to obtain a mixture. Pour the mixture into the inner tank of a hydrothermal reactor and ultrasonically oscillate at 37°C for 10 minutes.

[0060] Step 3: After shaking, react at 200°C for 3 hours;

[0061] Step 4: After the reaction is completed, wait for the hydrothermal reactor to cool to room temperature, open the hydrothermal reactor, take the upper layer of liquid in the liner, place it in a centrifuge tube and centrifuge (10000 rpm, 15 minutes), and take the supernatant;

[0062] Step 5: Filter the supernatant using a 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane, and dry the filtrate in an oven at 100° C. for 8 hours. Then, scrape off the powder to obtain carbon nanospheres CNS.

[0063] The CNS prepared in Example 1 was structurally characterized, wherein the TEM image of CNS is as follows Figure 1 ; The corresponding particle size distribution of CNS is as follows Figure 2 ; HRTEM image of CNS, showing the lattice structure Figure 3 ; The XRD pattern of CNS is as follows Figure 4 ; FT-IR spectrum of CNS is as follows Figure 5 ; The emission spectra of CNS at different excitation wavelengths from 340 to 390 nm are as follows Figure 6 ; The XPS spectrum of CNS is as follows Figure 7 ; High-resolution XPS spectra of C 1s such as Figure 8 ; High-resolution XPS spectra of O 1s are as follows Figure 9 .

[0064] The carbon nanospheres prepared in Example 1 were used to carry out a drug loading test. The specific method is as follows:

[0065] 10 mg of DOX was mixed with 5 mg of CNS, and 20 mL of pH 7.4 PBS solution was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and allowed to stand for 12 hours to complete drug loading. After centrifugation, the drug-loaded complex CNS-DOX was collected and the drug loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency were determined.

[0066] The CNS-DOX was dispersed in a PBS solution at pH 4, and samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 52, and 56 h, respectively, and the absorbance at 490 nm was measured to evaluate the drug release rate.

[0067] The drug loading efficiency (DL) in Example 1 was 57.1%, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 66.4%, and the drug release rate after 56 hours was 56.55%.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials, the steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the hydrothermal reaction temperature in Example 2 is different from that in Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials, the steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the hydrothermal reaction temperature in Comparative Example 1 is different from that in Example 1.

[0072] The reaction conditions and experimental results (drug loading efficiency, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release rate after 56 hours) of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1

[0074] Reaction temperature Drug loading efficiency (DL) Encapsulation efficiency (EE) Drug release rate Example 1 200℃ 57.1％ 66.4％ 56.55％ Example 2 150℃ 45.3％ 55.2％ 48.4％ Comparative Example 1 250℃ 38.7％ 49.8％ 41.3％

[0075] As can be seen from Table 1, when the reaction temperature is 200 °C, the drug loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency of CNS reach the best, while at 250 °C, the drug loading efficiency decreases significantly, indicating that too high a temperature may cause the destruction of the CNS structure and affect its drug carrier performance.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw material, the steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the pH value of the PBS solution in the dispersion process in Example 3 is different from that in Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials, the steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the pH value of the PBS solution in the dispersion process in Comparative Example 2 is different from that in Example 1.

[0080] The reaction conditions and experimental results (drug release rate after 56 hours) of Examples 1 and 3 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 2.

[0081] Table 2

[0082] pH Drug release rate Example 1 pH4 56.55％ Example 3 pH6 25.23％ Comparative Example 2 pH 7.4 6.81％

[0083] As can be seen from Table 2, CNS-DOX exhibits a faster release rate in an acidic environment (pH 4), which is consistent with the acidic environment characteristics of tumor tissue, while it maintains a lower release rate under physiological pH conditions, which is conducive to the targeted release of the drug in vivo.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] In the same manner as in Example 1, PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) was used to load DOX. The drug release rate was measured in a pH 4 PBS solution and was 45.3% (release rate after 56 hours).

[0086] Compared with the CNS carrier of Example 1, the drug release rate of the traditional PLGA carrier is lower, and the release is also slower under physiological conditions, failing to achieve a good targeted release effect.

[0087] The CNS and CNS-DOX prepared in Example 1 were prepared into solutions, and a DOX aqueous solution (5 mg / mL) was prepared to test the properties of the above solutions.

[0088] Preparation of CNS solution: CNS was dispersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and sonicated to ensure uniform dispersion at a concentration of 1.26 mg / mL.

[0089] CNS-DOX solution: CNS and DOX were mixed, ultrasonically dispersed, and washed by centrifugation. Unloaded DOX was removed by centrifugation (4000 rpm, 10 minutes). The precipitate was washed with PBS buffer (pH 7.4) to obtain a CNS-DOX complex solution. The final concentrations of CNS-DOX-low (L), CNS-DOX-medium (M), and CNS-DOX-high (H) were 0.93 mg / mL, 1.86 mg / mL, and 3.72 mg / mL, respectively.

[0090] Under 367 nm excitation, the PL emission spectra of CNS solution, DOX aqueous solution and CNS-DOX solution are as follows: Figure 10 ; UV-vis absorption spectra of CNS solution, DOX aqueous solution and CNS-DOX solution are as follows Figure 11 ; FT-IR spectra of CNS solution, DOX solution and CNS-DOX solution are as follows Figure 12 .

[0091] In the drug-loaded composite CNS-DOX prepared in Example 1, the changes in the CNS encapsulation efficiency EE and drug loading efficiency DL of DOX are shown in the following table: Figure 13 .

[0092] The release of DOX in CNS in PBS buffers with different pH values ​​(i.e., pH 4.0, pH 6.0, and pH 7.4) in Example 1, Example 3, and Comparative Example 2 is shown in FIG. Figure 14 .

[0093] The CNS-DOX prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was used to conduct a mouse experiment. The specific method is as follows:

[0094] 1. Experimental animals:

[0095] The laboratory animal quality certificate was provided by SPF (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (License No.: SCXK (Beijing) 2024-0001). Four-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice were housed under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions, with the ambient temperature maintained at 22–24°C and a photoperiod of 12 h light and 12 h dark.

[0096] 2. Establishment and grouping of Hepa1 / 6 mouse subcutaneous tumor xenograft model

[0097] 5×10 6 Hepa1-6 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right hind limb of 4-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice. One week after transplantation, when the tumor volume reached 50-100 mm 3 At 4 hr, mice were randomly divided into six groups, including PBS control, CNS (6.3 mg / kg), CNS-DOX-L (4.65 mg / kg), CNS-DOX-M (9.3 mg / kg), CNS-DOX-H (18.6 mg / kg), and DOX (6.15 mg / kg) (Shanghai Baililai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu Branch, D807083), with 8 mice per group. Mice were intraperitoneally injected every 3 days for a total of three doses, and tumor volume and body weight were measured every 2 days.

[0098] Twenty-one days after the third administration, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and tissues of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, colon, and tumor mass were collected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution (Langjieke Technology Co., Ltd., BL539A). Samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

[0099] One-way ANOVA was performed on multiple data sets using GraphPad Prism 9.5 software, and subsequent pairwise comparisons were performed using Tukey's test. P values ​​less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

[0100] Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was performed by embedding mouse liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, and tumor tissues in paraffin and cutting into 4 μm-thick sections using an H&E kit (Besso, BA-4025). Histomorphological changes were observed under a microscope and photographed.

[0101] The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method is as follows: First, the tissue section is placed in a container with citric acid buffer (pH 6.0) and heated at 95°C for 20 minutes in a microwave oven for antigen retrieval. Then, the procedure of the universal two-step IHC detection kit (Zhongshan Jinqiao, PV-9000) is followed. By incubating with rabbit anti-mouse Ki-67 antibody (purchased from CellSignaling Technology, 12202S), goat anti-mouse IgG polymer (Zhongshan Jinqiao, PV-9000) and DAB color development kit (Zhongshan Jinqiao, ZLI-9018) are added for color development. Observe under a microscope and take pictures.

[0102] 3. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE) testing

[0103] Serum and plasma were isolated from mouse blood and assayed for AST (aspartate aminotransferase (AST / GOT) assay kit (Reynolds method, microplate method, purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Cat. No. C010-2-1), ALT (alanine aminotransferase (ALT / GPT) assay kit (Reynolds method, microplate method, purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Cat. No. C009-2-1), BUN (urea nitrogen (BUN) assay kit (urease method, purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Cat. No. C013-2-1), and CRE (creatinine (Cr) assay kit (sarcosine oxidase method, microplate method, purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Cat. No. C011-2-1). Standard samples, blank samples, and serum (plasma) samples were added to 96-well plates according to the kit instructions. The OD value was measured at the specified wavelength using the enzyme calibration method, and the activity levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and CRE in serum were calculated according to the corresponding formula.

[0104] Changes in body weight of C57BL / 6 mice Figure 15 (*P<0.05); tumor volume of C57BL / 6 mice Figure 16 *P<0.05; tumor weights of C57BL / 6 mice Figure 17 *P<0.05; Pathological changes of tumor tissue were observed by H&E staining (scale bar: 50 μm). Figure 18 ; The expression of Ki-67 in mouse tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining (scale bar: 50 μm) Figure 19 ; The statistical results of the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells in mouse tumor tissue are as follows Figure 20 (*P<0.05);

[0105] from Figure 15-20 As can be seen, compared with the PBS group, the tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor cell proliferation of mice in the CNS group decreased; compared with the CNS group, the tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor cell proliferation of mice in the CNS-DOX-L, CNS-DOX-M, and CNS-DOX-H groups decreased; compared with the DOX group, the tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor cell proliferation of mice in the CNS-DOX-H group decreased. These results indicate that the CNS has a certain effect in inhibiting HCC progression, and CNS-DOX significantly inhibits HCC progression and has a better tumor inhibition effect than DOX.

[0106] H&E staining (scale bar: 50 μm) was used to observe the histological morphological changes of the mouse heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, respectively. Figure 21-25 ; AST, ALT, BUN and CRE in mouse serum were detected. The results were as follows Figure 26 (*P<0.05, ns P ≥ 0.05).

[0107] Figure 21-25 It can be seen that DOX caused damage to the liver of mice with subcutaneous transplanted liver cancer cells, while no pathological changes were observed in the liver, spleen, kidney, and heart of mice in the CNS and CNS-DOX-L, CNS-DOX-M, and CNS-DOX-H groups; Figure 26 It can be seen that compared with the PBS group, the serum AST of mice in the DOX group increased; compared with the DOX group, the serum AST of mice in the CNS-DOX-L, CNS-DOX-M, and CNS-DOX-H groups decreased, and the serum ALT of mice in the CNS-DOX-L and CNS-DOX-M groups decreased; at the same time, compared with the PBS group, the serum AST, ALT, and CRE of mice in the CNS and CNS-DOX-L, CNS-DOX-M, and CNS-DOX-H groups were normal, and the plasma BUN was normal. This shows that the CNS and CNS-DOX prepared by the present invention have no toxicity to the liver, spleen, kidney, and heart of mice, and CNS-DOX reduces the hepatotoxicity of DOX.

[0108] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Grind the dried and clean mugwort leaves with a grinding device for 5 minutes to obtain mugwort ground material; Step 2: Weigh the ground mugwort leaves and dissolve them in deionized water to obtain a mixture, pour the mixture into the inner tank of a hydrothermal reactor, and ultrasonically oscillate at 37° C. for 10 minutes; Step 3: After shaking, react at 180-220°C for 2-4 hours; Step 4: After the reaction is completed, wait for the hydrothermal reactor to cool to room temperature, open the hydrothermal reactor, take the upper layer of liquid in the liner, place it in a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, and take the supernatant; Step 5: Filter the supernatant using a microporous filter membrane, place the filtrate in an oven to dry, and then scrape off the powder to obtain carbon nanospheres.

2. The method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using wormwood as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the grinding equipment in step 1 is 28000r / min, the fineness is 30-300 mesh, and the crushing is 5min.

3. The method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using wormwood as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the ground mugwort material in step 2 to deionized water is 0.5-0.7 g: 15-20 mL.

4. The method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal speed in step 4 is 10000-12000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 10-15 min.

5. The method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the microporous filter membrane in step 5 is 0.22-0.45 μm.

6. The method for synthesizing carbon nanospheres using mugwort leaves as raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step 5 is 80-100° C. and the drying time is 6-8 hours.

7. Use of the carbon nanospheres according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in carrying anti-tumor drugs, wherein the anti-tumor drugs include at least one of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, YAP1 inhibitors, PD-1 / PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate and artemether.

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