Enhanced glass antifouling coating agent based on nano silicon dioxide as well as preparation method and application of enhanced glass antifouling coating agent

Abstract

The invention discloses an enhanced glass antifouling coating agent based on nano silicon dioxide as well as a preparation method and application of the enhanced glass antifouling coating agent. The film coating agent is prepared from nano silicon dioxide particles, a hydrophilic silane coupling agent, an anti-ash additive, an antistatic agent, a temperature-sensitive response material and a solvent through a sol-gel method and a microcapsule technology. The coating agent forms a transparent super-hydrophilic film on the surface of glass, and has the functions of photocatalytic decomposition of organic matters, long-acting antistatic property and temperature-sensitive self-adaption. The preparation process comprises the steps of nano-particle modification, microsphere synthesis, microcapsule encapsulation and mixing dispersion, and during application, a film is formed through dipping or spraying, and can be used after low-temperature curing. The limitation that a traditional coating film is single in function and poor in durability is broken through, efficient antifouling, dustproof, antistatic and environment self-adaption are achieved through the combination of the drug sustained-release microcapsules, the photocatalytic materials, the temperature-sensitive polymers and other technologies, and the coating film is suitable for the fields of building curtain walls, automobile glass, photovoltaic panels and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention provides a nano-silicon dioxide-based enhanced glass anti-fouling coating agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of special functional chemical preparation preparation. Background Art

[0002] Existing glass anti-fouling coating technologies have exposed multiple functional shortcomings in practical applications. The first is the problem of singular functional design. Most current coating technologies focus solely on developing single hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, lacking innovative design concepts that synergistically integrate multiple functions such as anti-dust adsorption, anti-static deposition, and anti-biological adhesion. This makes it impossible for glass surfaces to achieve efficient self-cleaning effects simply by relying on a single hydrophilic or hydrophobic property when faced with complex and complex pollution scenarios, such as complex sticky stains formed by a mixture of industrial dust and rainwater, oily particulate matter from automobile exhaust in urban traffic environments, and the interactive contamination of oil smoke and dust in kitchen environments. Ultimately, stains remain, significantly reducing the glass's light transmittance and severely affecting its aesthetic appearance. Secondly, there are significant technical bottlenecks in durability. The coating system with traditional silane as the main component has a low chemical bond energy between it and the glass substrate. During long-term use, it is extremely susceptible to the physical friction of wind and sand in nature, the chemical erosion of acidic substances in rainwater, and the mechanical external force of wiping during daily cleaning. The coating layer peels off frequently. According to actual test data from authoritative institutions, the effective service life of this type of coating is generally less than 6 months, and the shortest is even only 4 months. This requires users to frequently maintain and update the glass, which not only greatly increases the cost of use, but also increases the environmental burden due to the large amount of chemical cleaning agents used during maintenance. In terms of optical performance assurance, various functional fillers (such as nano-scale metal oxides, composite ceramic particles, carbon nanotubes, etc.) have to be introduced to improve the anti-fouling function of glass. Although they can enhance the anti-fouling ability of the glass surface through physical adsorption, chemical chelation or charge repulsion, the addition of such fillers will inevitably change the optical uniformity of the coating material, causing the haze value of the coating to increase significantly to more than 5%, and even up to 8% in some systems, directly causing the glass transmittance to drop from the original more than 90% to about 80%. This performance degradation will directly affect the safety of use and visual comfort in application scenarios such as building curtain walls, automobile windshields, optical instrument windows, etc., which have extremely high requirements for light transmittance clarity. In addition, existing coating technologies have static defects in performance design. Their surface wettability (such as contact angle, surface energy, etc.) remains fixed after preparation and is completely unable to be adaptively adjusted according to the dynamic changes in ambient temperature and humidity. For example, in the high temperature and high humidity environment in summer, fixed hydrophobic coatings may form stubborn stains that are difficult to remove due to the combination of surface condensation water and dust particles in the air, while fixed hydrophilic coatings may cause water film to remain on the glass surface for a long time due to the saturation of ambient humidity. Both situations will cause the anti-fouling function to be significantly ineffective, and may even cause secondary pollution due to the breeding of microorganisms in the humid environment.Finally, in the preparation process, in order to achieve multifunctional composites, some technical solutions have to adopt a multi-layer coating process, which requires repeated coating of different functional coatings such as hydrophobic layers, hydrophilic layers, and antistatic layers. Each coating requires complex processes such as high-temperature sintering (temperatures can reach above 500°C), UV curing or plasma treatment. This not only greatly increases the energy consumption and time costs in the production process, but also due to chemical compatibility issues between the coatings, leads to a significant reduction in product yield (from 95% of conventional single-layer coatings to 75%-80% of multi-layer coatings), making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of large-scale industrial production for efficiency and cost control. The above-mentioned many defects are intertwined, and together restrict the efficient application and performance improvement of glass anti-fouling coating technology in a wider range of fields. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an enhanced glass anti-fouling coating agent based on nano-silica, comprising the following components and mass percentages:

[0004] Nano-silica particles;

[0005] Hydrophilic silane coupling agent;

[0006] anti-ash additives;

[0007] antistatic agents;

[0008] Temperature-sensitive responsive materials;

[0009] solvent.

[0010] Preferably, the components, by mass percentage, include:

[0011] Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles: 10%-20%, particle size 10-50nm;

[0012] Hydrophilic silane coupling agent: 5%-10%, selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) or methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS);

[0013] Anti-ash additive: 3%-8%, which is mesoporous silica microspheres loaded with nano-TiO2 (TiO2@SiO2), with TiO2 accounting for 30%-50% by mass;

[0014] Antistatic agent: 2%-5%, which is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) microcapsules, and the wall material is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA);

[0015] Thermosensitive responsive material: 1%-3%, poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM);

[0016] Solvent: The balance is a mixture of ethanol and deionized water (volume ratio 7:3).

[0017] Preferably, the surface of the nano-silica particles is modified with a silane coupling agent to form Si-O-Si chemical bonds, thereby enhancing adhesion to the glass substrate.

[0018] Preferably, the mesopore diameter of TiO2@SiO2 in the anti-ashing additive is 2-5nm, and the specific surface area is ≥500m 2 / g, the degradation rate of organic stains under ultraviolet light is >90%.

[0019] Preferably, the antistatic agent microcapsules have a particle size of 100-300 nm, a wall thickness of 20-50 nm, a PLGA molecular weight of 10k-50k Da, and the microcapsules slowly release SDBS when the humidity is greater than 70%, with a release period of ≥30 days.

[0020] Preferably, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the thermosensitive responsive material PNIPAM is 32-35° C. It shrinks to become hydrophobic at high temperatures (>LCST) and expands to become hydrophilic at low temperatures (<LCST), thereby dynamically adjusting the surface wettability.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned coating agent, comprising the following steps:

[0022] (1) Nano-silica modification: disperse nano-SiO2 in ethanol, add silane coupling agent, stir at 60℃ for 2h, centrifuge and wash, and dry;

[0023] (2) Synthesis of anti-ash additives: Mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were prepared by sol-gel method, impregnated with tetrabutyl titanate ethanol solution, and calcined (450℃, 2h) to generate TiO2@SiO2;

[0024] (3) Antistatic agent microencapsulation: SDBS was encapsulated in PLGA by the emulsion solvent evaporation method, with the stirring rate controlled at 800-1200 rpm. After solidification, the microcapsules were collected by centrifugation.

[0025] (4) Treatment of thermosensitive materials: PNIPAM was dissolved in deionized water, purified by dialysis, and freeze-dried;

[0026] (5) Mixing and dispersion: The products of steps (1) to (4) were added into an ethanol-water mixed solvent in proportion, ultrasonically dispersed (power 300 W, 30 min), and filtered.

[0027] Preferably, the calcination heating rate in step (2) is 5° C. / min, and the mesoporous SiO 2 template is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

[0028] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of PLGA to SDBS is 2:1, and the emulsifier is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a concentration of 2 wt%.

[0029] Finally, the present invention also provides an application method of the above-mentioned coating agent, comprising the following steps:

[0030] (1) Glass pretreatment: ultrasonic cleaning with acetone and deionized water, followed by drying with nitrogen;

[0031] (2) Coating: Film formation is carried out by dipping and pulling method (pulling speed 1-3 mm / s) or spraying method (pressure 0.2-0.5 MPa);

[0032] (3) Curing treatment: heat treatment at 80-100℃ for 1h, ultraviolet light irradiation (365nm, 10mW / cm 2 )10min.

[0033] Preferably, the coating thickness is 100-300 nm, the visible light transmittance is ≥95%, and the water drop contact angle is <10°.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] Multifunctional synergy: hydrophilic (contact angle <10°), anti-ash (TiO2 photocatalytic degradation rate >90%), anti-static (surface resistance ≤10 8 Ω), temperature-sensitive adaptation (LCST regulation) quadruple function integration;

[0036] High durability: Nano-SiO2 forms Si-O-Si bonds with the glass substrate, with adhesion reaching 5B grade (ASTM D3359), and scrub resistance >1000 times;

[0037] Excellent transparency: nanoparticles are evenly dispersed, haze is less than 1%, and visible light transmittance is ≥95%;

[0038] Environmental adaptation: PNIPAM is thermosensitive, hydrophobic at high temperatures to prevent adhesion, and hydrophilic at low temperatures to promote self-cleaning;

[0039] Long-lasting antistatic effect: Microcapsules control the release of SDBS, and the antistatic effect lasts for ≥30 days;

[0040] The process is simple: single-layer coating + low-temperature curing, reducing costs by 40%, suitable for industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be applied to the present invention. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0043] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and the experimental materials used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all purchased from commercial channels.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] formula

[0046] Nano-silica (SiO2) particles: 15%, particle size: 20-30nm, surface modification: γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)

[0047] Hydrophilic silane coupling agent (APTES): 8%

[0048] Anti-ash additive (TiO2@SiO2): 5%

[0049] TiO2 loading: 40%, mesopore diameter: 3nm, specific surface area: 550m 2 / g

[0050] Antistatic agent microcapsules (SDBS@PLGA): 3%, microcapsule particle size: 200 nm, PLGA molecular weight: 50 kDa, SDBS to PLGA mass ratio: 1:2

[0051] Thermosensitive material (PNIPAM): 2%, LCST: 32°C

[0052] Solvent: a mixture of ethanol and deionized water (volume ratio 7:3), the balance

[0053] Preparation steps

[0054] Nano-silica modification:

[0055] 15 g of nano-SiO2 was dispersed in 200 mL of ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes (power 300 W).

[0056] 8 g of APTES was added, magnetic stirring was carried out at 60° C. for 2 hours, centrifugation was performed (8000 rpm, 10 minutes), ethanol was washed three times, and vacuum dried at 60° C.

[0057] Anti-ash additive synthesis:

[0058] Preparation of mesoporous SiO2 microspheres by sol-gel method:

[0059] 5 g of CTAB was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water, 10 mL of ammonia water (28%) was added, and 20 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was added dropwise under stirring, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 6 hours.

[0060] The microspheres were collected by centrifugation and calcined at 550°C for 4 h (heating rate 5°C / min) to obtain mesoporous SiO2.

[0061] Impregnation with tetrabutyl titanate:

[0062] Mesoporous SiO2 was immersed in 0.5 M tetrabutyl titanate ethanol solution for 24 h, centrifuged and dried, and calcined at 450 °C for 2 h to obtain TiO2@SiO2.

[0063] Antistatic agent microencapsulation:

[0064] 1 g of SDBS was dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water, and a solution of 2 g of PLGA (50 kDa) in 50 mL of dichloromethane was added and emulsified (1000 rpm, 30 minutes).

[0065] After evaporation of the solvent, the microcapsules were collected by centrifugation, washed three times with water, and freeze-dried.

[0066] Temperature sensitive material handling:

[0067] 2 g of PNIPAM was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water, dialyzed (MWCO 10 kDa) for 48 h, and freeze-dried.

[0068] Mixing and dispersion:

[0069] The modified SiO2, TiO2@SiO2, SDBS@PLGA microcapsules and PNIPAM were added into ethanol-water mixed solvent.

[0070] Ultrasonic dispersion (300 W, 30 minutes) and filtration (0.22 μm filter membrane).

[0071] Application Method

[0072] Glass pretreatment:

[0073] The glass substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone and deionized water for 15 minutes each, and then dried with nitrogen gas.

[0074] Coating:

[0075] The immersion pulling method (pulling speed 2 mm / s) was used to form a film with a thickness of 200 nm.

[0076] Curing treatment:

[0077] Heat treatment at 90℃ for 1 hour, UV irradiation (365nm, 10mW / cm 2 )10 minutes.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] formula

[0080] Nano-silica (SiO2) particles: 18%, particle size: 30-40nm, surface modification: methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS)

[0081] Hydrophilic silane coupling agent (MTMS): 6%

[0082] Anti-ash additive (TiO2@SiO2): 6%, TiO2 loading: 30%, mesopore diameter: 4nm, specific surface area: 500m 2 / g

[0083] Antistatic agent microcapsules (SDBS@PLGA): 4%, microcapsule particle size: 150nm, PLGA molecular weight: 30kDa, SDBS to PLGA mass ratio: 1:1.5

[0084] Thermosensitive material (PNIPAM): 1.5%, LCST: 35°C

[0085] Solvent: a mixture of ethanol and deionized water (volume ratio 7:3), the balance

[0086] Preparation steps

[0087] Nano-silica modification:

[0088] 18 g of nano-SiO2 was dispersed in 200 mL of ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes (power 300 W).

[0089] 6 g of MTMS was added, magnetic stirring was carried out at 60° C. for 2 hours, centrifugation was performed (8000 rpm, 10 minutes), ethanol was washed three times, and vacuum dried at 60° C.

[0090] Anti-ash additive synthesis:

[0091] Mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were prepared by the sol-gel method (same as in Example 1).

[0092] Tetrabutyl titanate (concentration 0.3M) was impregnated and TiO2@SiO2 (loading amount 30%) was obtained after calcination.

[0093] Antistatic agent microencapsulation:

[0094] 1.5 g of SDBS was dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water, and a solution of 2.25 g of PLGA (30 kDa) in 50 mL of dichloromethane was added and emulsified (1200 rpm, 20 minutes).

[0095] After evaporation of the solvent, the microcapsules were collected by centrifugation, washed three times with water, and freeze-dried.

[0096] Temperature sensitive material handling:

[0097] 1.5 g of PNIPAM was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water, dialyzed (MWCO 10 kDa) for 48 h, and freeze-dried.

[0098] Mixing and dispersion:

[0099] The modified SiO2, TiO2@SiO2, SDBS@PLGA microcapsules and PNIPAM were added into ethanol-water mixed solvent.

[0100] Ultrasonic dispersion (300 W, 30 minutes) and filtration (0.22 μm filter membrane).

[0101] Application Method

[0102] Glass pretreatment: same as in Example 1.

[0103] Coating: Spray coating (pressure 0.3 MPa) with a film thickness of 150 nm.

[0104] Curing treatment: heat treatment at 85℃ for 1 hour, ultraviolet light irradiation (365nm, 10mW / cm2) for 10 minutes.

[0105] Comparative Example 1 (Difference from Example 1: Traditional silane coating)

[0106] Formula: MTMS 10%, ethanol solvent balance.

[0107] Preparation steps: MTMS is directly dissolved in ethanol and cured at 80°C for 1 hour after coating.

[0108] Comparative Example 2 (difference from Example 1: no temperature-sensitive material)

[0109] Recipe: Same as Example 1, except for PNIPAM.

[0110] Preparation steps: Same as Example 1.

[0111] Comparative Example 3 (difference from Example 1: no anti-ash additive)

[0112] Recipe: Same as Example 1, except for TiO2@SiO2.

[0113] Preparation steps: Same as Example 1.

[0114] Comparative Example 4 (difference from Example 1: no antistatic microcapsules)

[0115] Recipe: Same as Example 1, except that SDBS (unencapsulated) is added directly.

[0116] Preparation steps: Same as Example 1.

[0117] The performance of the samples obtained from all the above examples and comparative examples was tested according to the methods listed below and in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0118] Table 1 Detection methods

[0119]

[0120] 1. Contact angle

[0121] Test sample: glass slide coated with coating agent (25 mm × 75 mm × 1 mm, soda lime glass, cleaned with acetone and deionized water, and dried with nitrogen).

[0122] Preparation method: Apply the coating agent according to the steps of Example 1 or 2, and test after curing.

[0123] Detection method:

[0124] Instrument: Contact angle meter (model: Krüss DSA25).

[0125] Procedure: At 25°C and 50% humidity, add 2 μL of deionized water to the sample surface and fit the contact angle using the Young-Laplace equation.

[0126] 2. Haze

[0127] Test sample: transparent glass substrate (50mm×50mm×2mm) coated with coating agent.

[0128] Preparation method: same contact angle sample.

[0129] Detection method:

[0130] Instrument: Haze meter (Model: BYK-Gardner Haze-Gard Plus).

[0131] Steps: Measure transmittance and haze values, and calculate the proportion of scattered light using the integrating sphere method.

[0132] 3. Photocatalytic degradation rate

[0133] Test sample: glass slide (50 mm × 50 mm × 1 mm) coated with coating agent, the surface of which was pre-coated with methylene blue solution (0.1 mmol / L, forming a uniform film layer after drying).

[0134] Preparation method: Same as Example 1 or 2, spray methylene blue solution after coating and dry.

[0135] Detection method:

[0136] Instruments: UV light source (365 nm, 10 mW / cm2), UV-visible spectrophotometer (model: Shimadzu UV-2600).

[0137] step:

[0138] The samples were irradiated with UV for 60 minutes and samples were taken every 15 minutes.

[0139] Dissolve the residual methylene blue, measure the absorbance at 664 nm, and calculate the degradation rate:

[0140]

[0141] (A0, A t are the initial absorbance and the absorbance at time t, respectively).

[0142] 4. Surface resistance test sample: conductive glass substrate coated with a coating agent (ITO glass, 50 mm × 50 mm × 1.1 mm).

[0143] Preparation method: Same as Example 1 or 2, curing after coating.

[0144] Detection method:

[0145] Instrument: Surface resistance tester (model: Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450).

[0146] Procedure: Use the four-probe method, apply a voltage of 100 V, and measure the surface resistance.

[0147] 5. Scrub resistance

[0148] Test sample: glass plate (100mm×100mm×3mm) coated with coating agent.

[0149] Preparation method: Same as Example 1 or 2, curing after coating.

[0150] Detection method:

[0151] Apparatus: Scrub resistance tester (Model: Taber 5900) with CS-10 grinding wheel and 500 g load.

[0152] Procedure: Use circulating water (containing 0.5% detergent) as the medium, rub until the coating is damaged (visible or resistance change), and record the number of cycles.

[0153] 6. High temperature contact angle

[0154] Test sample: same as contact angle test sample.

[0155] Preparation method: Place the sample in a 40℃ thermostat for 1 hour.

[0156] Detection method:

[0157] Instrument: Contact angle meter (Krüss DSA25) equipped with a temperature-controlled platform.

[0158] Procedure: Stabilize at 40°C for 10 minutes, add 2 μL of deionized water, and measure the contact angle.

[0159] 7. Antistatic durability

[0160] Test sample: Same as surface resistance test sample.

[0161] Preparation method: After coating, the samples were stored at 25°C and 60% humidity.

[0162] Detection method:

[0163] Instrument: Surface resistance tester (Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450).

[0164] Steps: Measure the surface resistance every 5 days until the resistance value is greater than 1×101 0 Ω, record the maintenance time.

[0165] Table 2 Test results

[0166]

[0167] As can be seen from the examples, the contact angle is 8° (super hydrophilic), the photocatalytic degradation rate is 92% (anti-ash), and the surface resistance is 3×10 8 Ω (antistatic), high temperature hydrophobic (85°), proving that the four functions work together to achieve the best effect. Comparative Example 1 only has basic hydrophilicity, no anti-dust / antistatic function, poor scrub resistance, and a single function. Comparative Example 2 has a contact angle of 8° at high temperature, cannot trigger the hydrophobic state, and the anti-fouling efficiency drops by 30%, proving the environmental adaptive value of thermosensitive materials. The photocatalytic degradation rate of Comparative Example 3 is 0, and organic stains cannot be decomposed. The anti-dust function is completely dependent on TiO2@SiO2. The surface resistance of Comparative Example 4 rises to 1×101 0 Ω, and the antistatic effect lasted only 7 days, demonstrating the critical role of controlled release in microcapsules for long-term efficacy. The drug-release microcapsules (SDBS@PLGA) extended the lifespan of the antistatic agent from 7 days to 30 days, overcoming the limitations of traditional direct addition. The introduction of photocatalytic degradation fills the gap in the anti-dust performance of traditional coatings. The addition of a thermosensitive polymer enables environmental adaptability, addressing the limitation of static wettability that often prevents temperature fluctuations.

[0168] The present invention integrates drug sustained-release, photocatalysis, and thermosensitive materials into glass coating agents for the first time, and the functional synergy far exceeds the superposition of technologies in a single field. Microencapsulated antistatic agents not only ensure long-term effectiveness (≥30 days), but also avoid the loss of transparency (haze <1%) caused by direct addition. Nano-TiO2 is loaded on mesoporous SiO2, while maintaining high photocatalytic activity (degradation rate 92%) while avoiding the increase in haze caused by agglomeration. Thermosensitive materials achieve adaptive changes in coating wettability with the environment, filling the static performance limitations of traditional technologies.

[0169] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0170] The above description of the present invention and its embodiments is non-limiting and is only one embodiment of the present invention. The actual application is not limited to this. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this description and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs methods and embodiments similar to this technical solution without creatively designing, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nano-silica-based enhanced glass anti-fouling coating agent, characterized in that: Includes the following components and mass percentages: Nano-silica particles; Hydrophilic silane coupling agent; anti-ash additives; antistatic agents; Temperature-sensitive responsive materials; solvent.

2. The coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The components are calculated by mass percentage and include: Nano-silicon dioxide particles: 10%-20%; Hydrophilic silane coupling agent: 5%-10%; Anti-ash additive: 3%-8%; Antistatic agent: 2%-5%; Thermosensitive responsive materials: 1%-3%; Solvent: balance.

3. The coating agent according to claim 2, characterized in that The surface of the nano-silica particles is modified by a silane coupling agent to form Si-O-Si chemical bonds, thereby enhancing adhesion to the glass substrate.

4. The coating agent according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The mesopore diameter of TiO2@SiO2 in the anti-ash additive is 2-5nm, and the specific surface area is ≥500m 2 / g, the degradation rate of organic stains under ultraviolet light is >90%.

5. The coating agent according to claim 2, characterized in that The antistatic agent microcapsule has a particle size of 100-300nm, a wall thickness of 20-50nm, a PLGA molecular weight of 10k-50kDa, and the microcapsule slowly releases SDBS when the humidity is greater than 70%, with a release period of greater than or equal to 30 days.

6. The coating agent according to claim 2, characterized in that The lower critical solution temperature of the thermosensitive responsive material PNIPAM is 32-35° C. It shrinks to become hydrophobic at high temperatures and expands to become hydrophilic at low temperatures, dynamically adjusting surface wettability.

7. A method for preparing the coating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Nano-silica modification: disperse nano-SiO2 in ethanol, add silane coupling agent, stir at 60℃ for 2h, centrifuge and wash, and dry; (2) Synthesis of anti-ash additives: mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were prepared by sol-gel method, impregnated with tetrabutyl titanate ethanol solution, and calcined to generate TiO2@SiO2; (3) Antistatic agent microencapsulation: SDBS was encapsulated in PLGA by the emulsion solvent evaporation method, with the stirring rate controlled at 800-1200 rpm. After solidification, the microcapsules were collected by centrifugation. (4) Treatment of thermosensitive materials: PNIPAM was dissolved in deionized water, purified by dialysis, and freeze-dried; (5) Mixing and dispersion: Add the products of steps (1) to (4) into an ethanol-water mixed solvent in proportion, disperse by ultrasonication, and filter.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that In step (2), the calcination heating rate is 5° C. / min, and the mesoporous SiO 2 template is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that In step (3), the mass ratio of PLGA to SDBS is 2:1, and the emulsifier is polyvinyl alcohol with a concentration of 2 wt%.

10. A method for applying the coating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Glass pretreatment: ultrasonic cleaning with acetone and deionized water, followed by drying with nitrogen; (2) Coating: Film formation is done by dipping or spraying; (3) Curing treatment: heat treatment at 80-100℃ for 1h, ultraviolet light irradiation for 10min.

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