Lightweight cement-based geocell, method of preparation and use thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a light cement-based vegetation material, a preparation method and application thereof. The application provides a specific light cement-based vegetation material, and the cement-based vegetation mortar mainly comprises cement, plant-based aggregate and water. The plant-based aggregate comprises miscanthus powder and / or peach shell. The light cement-based vegetation material has the characteristics of high water absorption and slow water release through the porous characteristics of the miscanthus powder and strict control of the cement-miscanthus powder mass ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, their preparation methods, and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional concrete, due to its high strength and durability, is widely used in high-rise buildings, transportation hubs, and infrastructure. However, its dense structure and high alkalinity (pH>12) are detrimental to plant growth, and the "heat island effect" has become a problem faced by megacities. Traditional concrete materials exhibit significant limitations, mainly manifested in: 1) low permeability leading to increased surface runoff and hindering the connection between surface water and groundwater systems; 2) its rigid structure lacking an ecological interface, which is not conducive to plant establishment and natural community succession.

[0003] Ecological concrete, also known as vegetated concrete or green concrete, achieves its mechanical properties by regulating pore structure and alkaline environment, while providing growth space for plant roots. It also boasts excellent permeability, water retention, and ecological adaptability. However, current ecological concrete still faces two major technical bottlenecks: an imbalance between water retention and release capacity and a faster rate of compressive strength degradation compared to ordinary concrete.

[0004] The introduction of plant-based materials provides a new path for improving the performance of eco-concrete. For example, agricultural wastes such as peach kernel shells and oil palm shells exhibit excellent water absorption and retention capabilities due to their multi-level porous structure and high specific surface area. Studies have shown that concrete with 15% bamboo fiber added can extend the water retention period to 45 days in simulated drought environments, which is highly consistent with the water requirement curves of typical herbaceous plants. In addition, bio-based materials can endow eco-concrete with multiple functional coupling mechanisms, including: 1) The hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the fiber surface can selectively adsorb harmful ions and convert them into nutrients that can be used by plants through microorganisms; 2) The humic acid generated by the degradation of bio-based materials can significantly reduce the alkalinity of the cement system, while promoting the carbonization of cement hydration products to form a stable structure and improve long-term stability; 3) The plant fiber network and plant root system synergistically construct an "ecological anchoring layer," which improves the erosion resistance of the composite system by 2-3 times, significantly better than traditional vegetation slope protection methods.

[0005] Based on the feasibility of introducing plant-based materials to improve the performance of ecological concrete, this invention provides a series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the poor ecological function of existing cement-based materials, this invention provides lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, their preparation methods, and applications. Using cement, plant-based aggregates, and water as raw materials, it achieves excellent fiber-matrix interfacial bonding, constructing a multifunctional vegetation material system with superior mechanical and ecological properties, resulting in a series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials. These lightweight cement-based vegetation materials possess high water absorption and slow water release characteristics, providing efficient and sustainable technical solutions for ecological restoration projects such as ecological river channels, mine restoration, and post-disaster reconstruction.

[0007] First, the present invention provides a series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials. Based on the characteristics of plant-based aggregates, the modified cement-based vegetation mortar and vegetation concrete products both have the characteristics of "high water absorption" and "slow water release".

[0008] The first specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is a cement-based vegetation mortar, mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water, wherein the plant-based aggregate is Miscanthus powder, denoted as A# cement-based vegetation mortar. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125).

[0009] The second specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is also a cement-based vegetation mortar, mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, SAP, and water, wherein the plant-based aggregate is Miscanthus powder, denoted as B# cement-based vegetation mortar. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.001-0.003):(0.793-5.125).

[0010] The third specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is a type of vegetation concrete, mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water. The plant-based aggregate includes crushed stone as coarse aggregate and Miscanthus powder as fine aggregate, denoted as C# vegetation concrete. The mass ratio of cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water is 1:(4.838-5.518):(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125).

[0011] The fourth specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is a type of vegetation concrete, which is mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water. The plant-based aggregate consists only of coarse aggregate, which is a mixture of peach shells and crushed stone or only peach shells, and is denoted as D# vegetation concrete.

[0012] The fifth specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is a type of vegetation concrete, which is mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water. The plant-based aggregate includes coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate is a mixture of peach shells and crushed stone or only peach shells, and the fine aggregate is Miscanthus powder. This is denoted as E# vegetation concrete.

[0013] Based on the unified technical concept that the main raw materials include cement, plant-based aggregates, and water, this invention provides five specific formulations for lightweight cement-based vegetation materials. These are categorized into four groups of products according to the specific selection of plant-based aggregates, as shown in Table 1:

[0014] Table 1. Comparison of specific plant-based aggregate selections in various lightweight cement-based vegetative materials.

[0015]

[0016] Five typical lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, namely A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete and E# vegetation concrete, all contain cement, plant-based aggregate and water as their main raw materials. The main components of the plant-based aggregate that play the role of water absorption and release modification are Miscanthus powder and / or peach shell, and Miscanthus powder and peach shell that have undergone pyrolysis and carbonization treatment are selected.

[0017] Based on the specific selection of plant-based aggregates, A# cement-based vegetation mortar and B# cement-based vegetation mortar are grouped together. Both contain only Miscanthus powder as the plant-based aggregate, with the Miscanthus powder serving as the fine aggregate. The main difference between the two cement-based vegetation mortars lies in whether or not SAP (Small Acid) is added. C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete all contain coarse aggregate, but are grouped together according to the specific selection of plant-based aggregates. C# vegetation concrete is equivalent to adding crushed stone as coarse aggregate to A# cement-based vegetation mortar; E# vegetation concrete is equivalent to adding peach shells or a mixture of peach shells and crushed stone as coarse aggregate to A# cement-based vegetation mortar; and D# vegetation concrete is equivalent to replacing Miscanthus powder with peach shells or a mixture of peach shells and crushed stone in the A# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0018] Furthermore, in the mixture of peach shells and crushed stone, peach shells account for 50%-100% of the total volume of coarse aggregate. It should be noted that: peach shells accounting for 100% of the total volume of coarse aggregate is a special case of peach shell-crushed stone mixture. In order to describe this special case more accurately, in this invention, the formula of "peach shells accounting for 100% of the total volume of coarse aggregate" is described as the coarse aggregate consisting only of peach shells.

[0019] In this invention, cement, as the bonding material, is typically 52.5 grade silicate cement with a specific density of 3.12 g / cm³. 3 Specific surface area is 3550 cm² 2 / g.

[0020] In this invention, the Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus, followed by high-temperature carbonization treatment, resulting in a particle size of 100-500 μm and a density of 1.57 g / cm³. 3Miscanthus powder can absorb more than five times its own weight in water within 24 hours, for example, 525%. It should be noted that the Miscanthus powder used in this invention is different from Miscanthus fiber. In existing technologies, Miscanthus fiber is added to concrete to enhance tensile and flexural strength. In this invention, the addition of Miscanthus powder, especially pyrolytically carbonized Miscanthus powder, primarily utilizes the porous nature of Miscanthus powder to achieve the high water absorption and slow water release properties of the cement-based vegetation material.

[0021] In this invention, the crushed stone has a particle size of 2-5 mm.

[0022] In this invention, the peach shell is subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment, resulting in a density of 1.2 g / cm³. 3 The water absorption rate of a peach shell in 24 hours is about one-fifth of its own weight, such as 19.4%.

[0023] In this invention, SAP, as a superabsorbent polymer, has a particle size of 200-400 μm. SAP, or SuperAbsorbent Polymer, is a novel functional polymer material. Compared to A# cement-based vegetated mortar, B# cement-based vegetated mortar contains SAP to improve its water retention capacity and drought resistance. Depending on actual needs, SAP can also be incorporated into C# vegetated concrete, D# vegetated concrete, and E# vegetated concrete.

[0024] In this invention, the amount of water used needs to take into account the water absorption of the plant-based aggregate itself and the majority of the water used in the cement mortar. The plant-based aggregate mainly absorbs water through pampas grass powder and peach shells, while the water absorption of crushed stone is negligible.

[0025] The following explanation uses the components of the A# and B# cement-based vegetation mortars disclosed in this invention as examples. The mass ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder is 1:(0.25-1). The mass of water used in the cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4, i.e., the mass ratio of water to cement is (0.35-0.4):1. Therefore, when preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, 0.35-0.4 parts of water for cement mortar are needed for every 1 part of cement. The 24-hour water absorption rate of Miscanthus powder is 525%. The water absorption rate of Miscanthus powder during preparation is calculated based on 30%-90% of its 24-hour water absorption rate, resulting in a water absorption ratio of (1.575-4.725):1. Therefore, when preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, 1.575-4.725 parts of water for Miscanthus powder are needed for every 1 part of Miscanthus powder. Given that the mass ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder is 1:(0.25-1), we can deduce that 0.39375-4.725 parts of water are needed to make up 0.25-1 parts of Miscanthus powder. Adding the amounts of water from both sources together, we get a mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water of 1:(0.25-1):(0.74375-5.125).

[0026] Compared to A# cement-based vegetation mortar and B# cement-based vegetation mortar, the mass ratio of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water in C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete will change after coarse aggregate is added to the plant-based aggregate.

[0027] It should be noted that while the various formulas disclosed in this invention are limited by the range of mass ratios of each raw material, in actual engineering, raw materials are usually weighed according to the specified mass ratios after the design proportions are determined. Considering factors such as large raw material quantities, low requirements for proportion accuracy, and low precision of weighing tools at the construction site, the actual weighed raw material values ​​may differ somewhat from the calculated values ​​based on the design proportions. Generally, a deviation of no more than 5% between the actual weighed value and the calculated value is considered to meet the construction requirements.

[0028] Second, the present invention provides a series of methods for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, which are used to prepare A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete and E# vegetation concrete, respectively.

[0029] The first method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is specifically a method for preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar: the method uses cement, Miscanthus powder, and water as the main raw materials. First, the amount of cement and Miscanthus powder are determined, and the total amount of water is determined according to the designed water-cement ratio of cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder. Then, the quantitatively obtained cement, Miscanthus powder, and water are mixed evenly to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar without SAP.

[0030] The second method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is specifically a method for preparing B# cement-based vegetation mortar: the method uses cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water as the main raw materials. First, the amount of cement, Miscanthus powder, and SAP is determined, and the total amount of water is determined according to the designed water-cement ratio of cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder. Then, the quantitatively obtained Miscanthus powder and SAP are premixed, and then cement and water are added and stirred evenly to prepare cement-based vegetation mortar containing SAP.

[0031] The third method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is specifically a method for preparing C# vegetation concrete: using cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water as the main raw materials, the amounts of crushed stone, cement, and Miscanthus powder are first determined, and the total amount of water is determined according to the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder. Then, the quantitatively obtained cement, coarse aggregate, Miscanthus powder, and water are mixed evenly to prepare C# vegetation concrete. The crushed stone used is ordinary coarse aggregate.

[0032] The fourth method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is specifically a method for preparing D# vegetation concrete: using cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water as the main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and the total amount of water, and then mix the quantitatively obtained cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water together evenly to prepare D# vegetation concrete.

[0033] The fifth method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by this invention is specifically a method for preparing E# vegetation concrete: using cement, crushed stone, peach shell, miscanthus powder, and water as the main raw materials, first determining the amount of cement, crushed stone, peach shell, miscanthus powder, and the total amount of water, and then mixing the quantitatively obtained cement, crushed stone, peach shell, miscanthus powder, and water together evenly to prepare E# vegetation concrete.

[0034] For all five preparation methods described above, when determining the total water usage, it is necessary to first calculate the water usage for both cement mortar and plant-based aggregate, while neglecting the water absorption of crushed stone. The first water usage is calculated based on the "cement usage" and the designed "water-cement ratio of cement mortar," and is used to characterize the water usage in cement mortar. The second water usage is calculated based on the "amount of miscanthus powder and / or peach shell" in the plant-based aggregate and the designed "water absorption ratio of plant-based aggregate," and is used to characterize the water absorption of plant-based aggregate. Specifically, when the plant-based aggregate includes Miscanthus powder but not peach shells, such as A# cement-based vegetated mortar, B# cement-based vegetated mortar, and C# vegetated concrete, the second water dosage is the product of "Miscanthus powder dosage" and the designed "Miscanthus powder water absorption ratio". When the plant-based aggregate includes peach shells but not Miscanthus powder, such as D# cement-based vegetated mortar, the second water dosage is the product of "peach shell dosage" and the designed "peach shell water absorption ratio". When the plant-based aggregate includes both Miscanthus powder and peach shells, such as E# vegetated concrete, the second water dosage is the sum of two products: the first product is the product of "Miscanthus powder dosage" and the designed "Miscanthus powder water absorption ratio", and the second product is the product of "peach shell dosage" and the designed "peach shell water absorption ratio".

[0035] Third, this invention provides the application of the above-mentioned A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete as green building materials.

[0036] The main beneficial effects of this invention are as follows.

[0037] (1) The series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention improve the porosity of mortar and concrete by increasing plant-based aggregates, have good water retention and release capabilities, and can provide a continuous and stable water supply for plant roots, which is conducive to seed germination and plant growth.

[0038] (2) The series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention can be widely used in ecological engineering projects such as mine ecological restoration, river slope protection, and degraded foundation reconstruction. They have good ecological functions, construction adaptability and material durability, reduce maintenance costs caused by frequent replanting or structural damage, improve restoration efficiency and have good engineering promotion value.

[0039] (3) The series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention can also adsorb harmful ions released by the cement matrix, reduce the risk of pollution to soil and water, and promote the coordinated development of building materials and the natural environment.

[0040] (4) The preparation method of the lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention has low operation requirements and low quality control difficulty, and is very suitable for widespread promotion and implementation. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the general preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material according to the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation of A# cement-based vegetation mortar or B# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material according to the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram of the preparation of C# vegetation concrete.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material according to the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram of the preparation of D# vegetation concrete.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main stem structure of Miscanthus sinensis.

[0046] Figure 6 The images show the physical sample and microstructure of Miscanthus sinensis powder; among them, Figure 6 (a) is a picture of Miscanthus sinensis powder. Figure 6 (b) is a microstructure diagram of Miscanthus sinensis powder. Figure 6 (c) is a physical image of pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus sinensis powder.

[0047] Figure 7 The density measurement results of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2 are shown.

[0048] Figure 8 The results show the water absorption capacity measurement of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0049] Figure 9 The results show the water release capacity measurement of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0050] Figure 10 The mechanical strength test results are for the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0051] Figure 11 This refers to the method of sowing grass seeds; among which, Figure 11 (a) is a schematic diagram of sowing method one. Figure 11 (b) is a schematic diagram of sowing method two.

[0052] Figure 12 This represents the actual growth state of the cement-based mortar-grown plants in Example 2; wherein, Figure 12 (a) The plant growth status when grass seeds are sown using the sowing method. Figure 12 (b) shows the plant growth status when grass seeds are sown using sowing method two.

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the root growth status of cement-based mortar plant in Example 2.

[0054] Figure 14 This is a statistical graph showing the change in plant height over time when grass seeds were sown using sowing method one in Example 2.

[0055] Figure 15 This is a statistical graph showing the change in plant height over time when grass seeds were sown using sowing method two in Example 2.

[0056] Figure 16 These are physical images and microstructure diagrams of SAP; among them, Figure 16 (a) is a physical image of SAP. Figure 16 (b) is a microstructure diagram of SAP.

[0057] Figure 17 The mechanical strength test value of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 4 is shown.

[0058] Figure 18 This is a statistical graph showing the change in the number of leaves over time during the growth of cement-based mortar plants in Example 4.

[0059] Figure 19 This is a statistical graph showing the change in vegetation coverage over time during the growth of cement-based vegetated mortar plants in Example 4.

[0060] Figure 20 The results of drought tests were conducted on each sample in Example 4 after watering was stopped one month after the grass seeds were sown.

[0061] Figure 21 The image shows a microscopic image of the roots of the planted concrete plant, numbered M10, in Example 6; wherein, Figure 21 (a) is a microscopic image of the plant root at location 1. Figure 21 (b) is a microscopic image of the plant root at location 2. Figure 21 (c) is a microscopic image of the plant roots at location 3.

[0062] Figure 22 The images show both the actual peach shell and its microstructure. Figure 22 (a) is a picture of a peach shell. Figure 22 (b) is a microscopic structure diagram of peach shell.

[0063] Figure 23 This is a microstructure diagram of the bond between peach shell and mortar; among which, Figure 23 (a) is a microstructure diagram of the bond between the untreated peach shell and the mortar interface. Figure 23 (b) is a microstructure diagram of the bonding between pyrolytic carbonized peach shell and mortar interface.

[0064] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the water and fertilizer retention mechanisms of vegetation concrete, numbered Ref.4, LPS, and HPS in Example 8; where, Figure 24 (a) is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism in Ref. 4. Figure 24 (b) is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of LPS. Figure 24 (c) is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of HPS.

[0065] Figure 25 This is a statistical graph showing the change of N concentration in the vegetation concrete over time in Example 8.

[0066] Figure 26 This is a statistical graph showing the change of K concentration in the vegetation concrete over time in Example 8.

[0067] Figure 27 This is a statistical graph showing the change in the concentration of P in the vegetation concrete over time in Example 8. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The following detailed description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, further illustrates the above-described content of the present invention. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following examples. Various substitutions or modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and conventional methods in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0069] Example 1:

[0070] Based on the technical concept of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water, the principle diagram of the general preparation method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0071] This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, mainly composed of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water, with a mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water of 1:(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125). Figure 2 As shown, without adding SAP, the mortar obtained by mixing cement, Miscanthus powder, and water in a mixer according to the above proportions is denoted as A# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0072] The cement used to prepare A# cement-based vegetation mortar is 52.5 grade Portland cement. 52.5 grade Portland cement has a specific density of 3.12 g / cm³. 3 Specific surface area is 3550 cm² 2 / g.

[0073] The Miscanthus powder used in the preparation of A# cement-based vegetation mortar was made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus sinensis. After high-temperature carbonization treatment, the particle size was 100-500μm and the density was 1.57g / cm³. 3 The water absorption rate in 24 hours is about 525% of its own weight.

[0074] It should be noted that the Miscanthus powder used in all embodiments of this invention is different from ordinary Miscanthus fiber. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the main stem of Miscanthus sinensis consists of epidermis, sclerowalles, and parenchyma from the outside in. The epidermis and outer sclerowalles primarily provide strength, while the inner parenchyma mainly provides porosity. Miscanthus sinensis powder treated with high-temperature carbonization is also known as "pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus sinensis powder." Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 (a) shows a picture of actual Miscanthus sinensis powder. Figure 6 (b) illustrates the microstructure of Miscanthus sinensis powder, i.e. Figure 6 (c) shows a physical image of pyrolytically carbonized Miscanthus powder. Adding Miscanthus in different forms and processing methods to cement-based materials will have varying effects on the material's water absorption, mechanical properties, and drying shrinkage. In existing technologies, Miscanthus fiber is added to enhance the tensile and flexural strength of the material. In this invention, Miscanthus powder is added to the material, utilizing the porous nature of the powder to provide a favorable environment for plant rooting, and leveraging the material's high water absorption and slow water release properties to improve the plant's drought resistance, thereby increasing the plant's survival rate.

[0075] The water used in preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar includes two parts: water for cement mortar and water absorbed by Miscanthus powder. In this embodiment, the mass of water for cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4, i.e., the mass ratio of water to cement is (0.35-0.4):1. The mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself is calculated based on 1.575-4.725 of the mass of the Miscanthus powder itself, i.e., the mass ratio of water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself to the mass of the Miscanthus powder is (1.575-4.725):1.

[0076] In this embodiment, the method for preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar involves first determining the amount of cement and the amount of Miscanthus powder based on a cement-to-Miscanthus powder mass ratio of 1:(0.25-1), and then determining the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4 for cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder of 1.575-4.725. Finally, the quantitatively obtained cement, Miscanthus powder, and water are mixed evenly to prepare a SAP-free cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0077] It should be noted that the actual total water usage is usually more than the amount determined "based on the designed water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4 for cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder of 1.575-4.725". This is to ensure that the lightweight cement-based vegetation material can still be stirred and not harden prematurely, even if other water-absorbing materials are added in the process or the preparation time of the lightweight cement-based vegetation material is too long. This is common knowledge in the field and will not be elaborated further.

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 and will be further explained.

[0080] The first experimental group used the same method to prepare multiple A# cement-based vegetation mortar samples with different proportions of raw materials. These samples were used for comparative analysis, including mechanical strength testing and observation of grass seed growth. The sample size was 6.53cm × φ15.0cm.

[0081] Specifically, the samples are prepared and seeded according to the following method:

[0082] Step A1: Use cement as a binder and Miscanthus powder as plant-based fine aggregate. Weigh out cement, Miscanthus powder, and water according to the designed mix proportions.

[0083] Step A2: Pour cement and Miscanthus powder into a mixer, add water and mix for 2-5 minutes to obtain wet slurry;

[0084] Step A3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. Pour one part of the wet slurry into the mold and place it in the standard curing chamber; use the other part of the wet slurry as follows... Figure 11 The following are examples of sowing methods 1 and 2 for sowing grass seeds.

[0085] Figure 11 (a) illustrates the implementation of sowing method one. Sowing method one is a direct sowing method in which grass seeds are sown on the surface of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material. Specifically, the following are prepared: a prepared sample, a planting box, grass seeds, filler material, horticultural soil, plastic film, and a ruler. After preparation, a 3cm layer of filler material is evenly spread at the bottom of the planting box to enhance the air permeability of the lightweight cement-based vegetation material. The sample is placed in the center above the filler layer, and some gravel can be sprinkled around it for filling. Then, a 0.5cm layer of horticultural soil is spread on the surface of the sample. After sowing the grass seeds, another 1.5cm layer of horticultural soil is spread to form a soil layer covering the grass seeds. Finally, a plastic film is covered on the surface of the horticultural soil until the seeds germinate. Gravel, biomass long fibers, etc. are generally selected as filler materials.

[0086] Figure 11 (b) illustrates the implementation method of sowing method two. Sowing method two is a mixed sowing method in which grass seeds are mixed into the wet slurry and then poured into the planting box. Specifically, during the sample preparation process, grass seeds are mixed into the wet slurry and poured directly into the planting box. The surface is covered with about 2 cm of horticultural soil, and then a layer of plastic film is covered on the surface of the horticultural soil until the seeds germinate.

[0087] Furthermore, a graduated ruler is designed and inserted into the planting box. The water level is observed using the ruler to determine the timing and frequency of watering. Typically, the height of the sample is used as the set water level, such as 6.35 cm.

[0088] The first experimental group was prepared according to the following formula: "The water-cement ratio of cement mortar was designed to be 0.37, the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder was designed to be 2.5, and the mass ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder was designed to be 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1.0." Raw materials were weighed quantitatively according to the proportions in Table 2, and samples were prepared and sown according to the above method. The test numbers were sequentially recorded as M0.25, M0.5, M0.75, and M1. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive strength and flexural strength; samples sown with grass seeds were watered regularly in a constant temperature environment of 23℃ indoors to observe the growth of the grass seeds.

[0089] The test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of the samples in the first test group after 28 days of curing are shown in Table 2:

[0090] Table 2. Test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of each specimen in the first test group.

[0091]

[0092] Various tests were performed on samples numbered M0.25, M0.5, M0.75, and M1, and the measured densities are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the water absorption capacity is as follows Figure 8 As shown, the water release capacity is as follows Figure 9 As shown, the compressive strength and flexural strength test results after 28 days of curing are as follows: Figure 10 As shown. Figure 8 The water absorption rate of sample M1 can reach 106% after 24 hours. Figure 9 The more water released, the more water can be supplied to plants under drought conditions, making them more resistant to drought.

[0093] Comprehensive test results revealed that the higher the content of Miscanthus sinensis powder, the worse the mechanical strength of the material. On one hand, the organic acids in Miscanthus sinensis powder have strong calcium chelating groups, which can reduce the calcium ion concentration and prevent the formation of silicates and hydrated calcium silicate (CSH), thus reducing the mechanical strength of concrete. On the other hand, Miscanthus sinensis powder has a porous structure, therefore its addition significantly increases the porosity of the material. The higher the content of Miscanthus sinensis powder, the more voids are present in the material's microstructure. These microporous structures contribute to improved water absorption and release properties, which also contributes to the reduced mechanical strength.

[0094] A portion of each of the samples with the same proportions from test numbers M0.25, M0.5, M0.75, and M1 was sown with 10g of grass seeds according to sowing method one and sowing method two. Then, continuous control observation was conducted on the samples sown with grass seeds. The actual growth status of the cement-based vegetated mortar plants was as follows: Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 (a) Figure 12 (b) The growth status of plants after sowing using sowing method one and sowing method two; the root growth status of cement-based planting mortar plants is as follows. Figure 13 As shown, the height of cement-based planting mortar plants sown with grass seeds changes over time. Figure 14 As shown, the plant height of cement-based planting mortar plants sown with grass seeds using sowing method two changes over time. Figure 15 As shown in the figure. Comprehensive test results revealed that the higher the content of Miscanthus powder, the better the seed survival rate and growth. This suggests that excessive strength is not necessarily beneficial for plant growth; when the material strength is too high, most seeds buried inside cannot germinate normally. Increased porosity, while reducing mechanical strength, provides ample space for seed germination and is more conducive to root development.

[0095] The test results also revealed that planting grass seeds directly on the material surface resulted in taller plants compared to mixing grass seeds into the material. Firstly, direct surface sowing allows the seeds ample contact with air and light, facilitating water absorption and promoting germination. Secondly, mixing grass seeds into the material results in some seeds being encased in mortar, isolating them from the outside environment and leading to insufficient water and oxygen supply, thus reducing germination rates. Thirdly, grass seeds mixed into cement materials, especially during the early curing stages, may be directly exposed to a highly alkaline environment, making the seed embryos susceptible to chemical burns and reducing germination viability. Surface-sown grass seeds are less affected by the alkalinity of the cement-based material.

[0096] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0097] Example 3:

[0098] This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, mainly composed of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.001-0.003):(0.793-5.125). Figure 2 As shown, the mortar obtained by mixing cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water in a mixer according to the above proportions is denoted as B# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0099] Compared to A# cement-based vegetated mortar, B# cement-based vegetated mortar contains added SAP to improve its water retention and drought resistance. The SAP used in preparing B# cement-based vegetated mortar has a particle size of 200~400μm. Figure 16 As shown, Figure 16 (a) shows a physical image of SAP. Figure 16 (b) illustrates the microstructure of SAP. First, SAP acts as tiny "reservoirs" within cementitious materials. It absorbs water during the initial stages of cement hydration. As the hydration process accelerates and the ion concentration in the pore solution increases, the water inside the SAP is gradually released, providing moisture for further cement hydration. This improves the density and strength of the cementitious material, enhancing its durability. Second, the addition of SAP can improve the workability of cementitious materials, reduce drying shrinkage and plastic shrinkage, and improve crack resistance. After absorbing water and expanding, the water inside SAP is released into the capillary pores of the cementitious material through diffusion and osmosis, filling the pores and preventing air from entering, thus reducing water evaporation. Simultaneously, the water-retaining effect of SAP can reduce the osmotic pressure within the cementitious material, slowing down the cement hydration reaction, allowing hydration products to be distributed more evenly, improving the pore structure, and increasing the density and strength of the material.

[0100] The calculation methods for the total amount of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water used in the preparation of B# cement-based vegetation mortar are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0101] Example 4:

[0102] This embodiment is based on embodiment 3 and further elaborates on the description.

[0103] The second experimental group used the same method to prepare multiple B# cement-based vegetation mortar samples with different proportions of raw materials. These samples were used for comparative analysis, including mechanical strength testing and observation of grass seed growth. All samples were 6.53cm × φ15.0cm in size.

[0104] Specifically, the samples are prepared and seeded according to the following method:

[0105] Step B1: Weigh cement, miscanthus powder, SAP, and water quantitatively according to the designed proportions, using cement as a binder, miscanthus powder as plant-based fine aggregate, and SAP as a super absorbent and water-retaining agent.

[0106] Step B2: First, mix the Miscanthus powder and SAP evenly, then pour them into the mixer along with the cement, add water and mix for 2-5 minutes to obtain wet slurry;

[0107] Step B3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. One part of the wet slurry is poured into the mold and placed in the standard curing chamber; the other part of the wet slurry is cured as follows: Figure 11 The following are examples of sowing methods 1 and 2 for sowing grass seeds.

[0108] The sample size, sowing method 1, sowing method 2, and watering precautions are the same as in Example 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0109] The second experimental group was prepared according to the following formula: Based on the ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder (1:0.6), the water-cement ratio of cement mortar (designed to be 0.37), the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder (designed to be 2.627), and the SAP addition amounts (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of cement mass), raw materials were weighed quantitatively according to the proportions in Table 3. Samples were prepared and sown according to the sowing methods 1 and 2, watering precautions, and sample size requirements described in Example 2. The test numbers were sequentially recorded as Ref. 2, SAP 0.1%, SAP 0.2%, and SAP 0.3%. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive strength and flexural strength; samples sown with grass seeds were watered regularly in a constant temperature environment of 23°C indoors to observe seed growth.

[0110] The test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of the samples in the second test group after 28 days of curing are shown in Table 3:

[0111] Table 3. Test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of each specimen in the second test group.

[0112]

[0113] The compressive and flexural strengths of the specimens in tests Ref.2, SAP0.1%, SAP0.2%, and SAP0.3% were tested. The effect of SAP on the mechanical strength of the materials was analyzed based on the test results. Figure 17 As shown, the compressive strength of the material after adding SAP is 1.3-1.4 MPa, and the flexural strength is 0.49-0.58 MPa. SAP can improve cement hydration and the formation of calcium silicate hydrate by internal curing, filling micropores, and reducing capillary porosity in the water matrix. Miscanthus fiber mortar with added SAP exhibits excellent lightweight properties, high porosity, outstanding water absorption capacity, and long-lasting water release capacity. Therefore, this material has great potential in vertical greening, rooftop greening, and other greening applications.

[0114] For samples with the same proportions in experiments Ref.2, SAP0.1%, SAP0.2%, and SAP0.3%, one part was sown with 10g of grass seeds according to sowing method one, and the other part was sown with 10g of grass seeds according to sowing method two. The change in leaf number over time during the growth of cement-based vegetated mortar plants is shown below. Figure 18 As shown in the figure, the vegetation coverage rate changes over time during the growth of cement-based vegetated mortar plants. Figure 19 As shown.

[0115] Furthermore, to observe the effect of SAP on the water retention performance of the material, a drought test was conducted one month after sowing the grass seeds, after which watering was stopped. Figure 20 As shown, the samples containing SAP maintained their green state for a longer period even 30 days after watering was stopped. The rate of decline in leaf number and vegetation cover was significantly lower than in the Ref.2 group without SAP. In particular, the samples with SAP content of 0.2% and 0.3% exhibited stronger drought resistance. This demonstrates that the water absorption-release system formed by SAP within the material effectively alleviates the water shortage pressure on plant roots. By continuously releasing stored water, it provides a relatively stable growth environment for plants, significantly improving the water retention performance of cement-based vegetation mortar and the sustainability of vegetation growth.

[0116] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 3, so they will not be described again.

[0117] Example 5:

[0118] This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water; the mass ratio of cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water is 1:(4.838-5.518):(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125). Figure 3 As shown, the concrete obtained by mixing cement, crushed stone, miscanthus powder, and water in a mixer according to the above proportions is denoted as C# vegetation concrete.

[0119] The crushed stone used in the preparation of C# vegetated concrete has a particle size of 2-5 mm. The calculation methods for the total amount of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water used in the preparation of C# vegetated concrete are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] Example 6:

[0121] This embodiment is based on embodiment 5 and further elaborates on the description.

[0122] The third experimental group used the same method to prepare multiple C# vegetated concrete samples with different proportions of raw materials. These samples were used for comparative analysis, including mechanical strength testing and observation of grass seed growth. The sample size was 6.53cm × φ15.0cm.

[0123] Specifically, the samples are prepared and seeded according to the following method:

[0124] Step C1: Weigh out cement, crushed stone, cement, and Miscanthus powder as plant-based fine aggregate according to the designed mix proportions, using crushed stone as coarse aggregate, cement as binder, and Miscanthus powder as plant-based fine aggregate.

[0125] Step C2: Pour cement and crushed stone into a mixer for pre-mixing, add Miscanthus powder and mix evenly, then add water and mix for 2-5 minutes to obtain wet slurry;

[0126] Step C3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. One part of the wet slurry is poured into the mold and placed in the standard curing chamber; the other part of the wet slurry is cured as follows: Figure 11 The following are examples of sowing methods 1 and 2 for sowing grass seeds.

[0127] The sample size, sowing method 1, sowing method 2, and watering precautions are the same as in Example 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] The third experimental group was prepared according to the following formula: Based on the mass ratio of cement to crushed stone of 1:5.229, the water-cement ratio of cement mortar of 0.37, the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder of 2.626, and the mass ratios of cement to Miscanthus powder of 1:0, 1:0.26, and 1:0.52 respectively, raw materials were weighed quantitatively according to the proportions in Table 4. Samples were prepared and sown according to the sowing methods 1 and 2, watering precautions, and sample size requirements described in Example 2. The test numbers were sequentially recorded as Ref.3, M5, and M10. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive strength and flexural strength; samples sown with grass seeds were watered regularly in a constant temperature environment of 23°C indoors to observe the growth of the grass seeds.

[0129] The test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of the samples in the third test group after 28 days of curing are shown in Table 4:

[0130] Table 4. Test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of each specimen in the third test group.

[0131]

[0132] Compressive strength, flexural strength, and porosity were tested on specimens cured for 28 days under test numbers Ref.3, M5, and M10. Specimen number Ref.3 was composed of a mixture of cement, crushed stone, and water, a common formulation for ordinary concrete. Test number M5 indicates that 5% of the porosity was filled with Miscanthus powder, meaning the actual porosity of the specimen was 15%; test number M10 indicates that 10% of the porosity was filled with Miscanthus powder, meaning the actual porosity of the specimen was 10%.

[0133] The organic acids in Miscanthus powder possess strong calcium chelating groups, which can reduce calcium ion concentration and prevent the formation of silicates and hydrated calcium silicate (CSH), thus lowering the material's mechanical strength. Lightweight, low-strength, porous plant-based concrete is acceptable as a non-load-bearing component in eco-cities. Furthermore, plant-based concrete with added Miscanthus powder can utilize its higher water absorption rate to increase the storage of nutrients needed for plant growth. On the other hand, after sowing grass seeds in samples with added Miscanthus powder, plant roots continued to grow deep into the pores filled with Miscanthus powder. Figure 21 Microscopic images of the roots of the concrete-planted plant, numbered M10; among them, Figure 21 (a) is a microscopic image of the plant root at location 1. Figure 21 (b) is a microscopic image of the plant root at location 2. Figure 21 (c) is a microscopic image of the plant roots at location 3. This demonstrates that the C# vegetated concrete described in this embodiment has excellent water absorption and retention properties, which can enhance the plant's drought resistance.

[0134] Ref. 3 type of concrete is typically used as permeable concrete. Its original function was for water permeability, not for plant growth. It has high compressive and flexural strength, high porosity, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and severe plant degeneration in the later stages. Adding Miscanthus powder, although the compressive and flexural strength of the bio-based plant concrete is lower, it can be used as a non-load-bearing structure. When the porosity is filled with highly absorbent bio-based material, its water and fertilizer retention capacity increases significantly, providing a better environment for seed germination and stable plant growth in the later stages.

[0135] In another specific embodiment, 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete includes 290-310 kg of cement, 1500-1600 kg of crushed stone, 200-250 kg of Miscanthus powder, and 600-1200 kg of water.

[0136] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 5, so they will not be described again.

[0137] Example 7:

[0138] This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water; wherein, the mixture of crushed stone and peach shells serves as the coarse aggregate of the plant-based aggregate. Figure 4 As shown, the concrete obtained by mixing cement, crushed stone, peach shells and water in a mixer according to the above proportions is called D# vegetation concrete.

[0139] The cement used to prepare D# vegetation concrete is the same as that in Example 1, and will not be described again.

[0140] The coarse aggregate used in preparing D# vegetated concrete consists of peach shells and crushed stone, with peach shells accounting for 50%-100% of the total volume of the plant-based coarse aggregate. The crushed stone has a particle size of 2-5mm. Common components of D# vegetated concrete are cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water. A 100% peach shell composition is a special case; in this case, the D# vegetated concrete includes cement, peach shells, and water, but excludes crushed stone.

[0141] The peach shells used in the preparation of D# vegetated concrete are pre-treated with high-temperature carbonization, also known as "pyrolytic carbonized peach shells." After high-temperature carbonization, the peach shells have a flaky structure, a rough surface texture, a particle size range of 4.75mm-7mm, and a density of 1.2g / cm³. 3 Its specific surface area is 297.4 m². 2 / g, strength 2.6MPa, water absorption rate 19.4% after 24 hours. Figure 22 It displays actual images and microscopic structural diagrams of peach shells; among them, Figure 22 (a) Figure 22 (b) are a physical image and a microstructure image of a peach shell, respectively. The microporous structure gives the peach shell a high adsorption capacity. Figure 23 Microstructure diagrams of the interface bonding between untreated peach shells, pyrolytic carbonized peach shells, and mortar; comparison. Figure 23 (a) Figure 23 (b) It can be seen that there are no microcracks at the interface between the pyrolytic carbonized peach shell and the mortar, and the bonding is better.

[0142] The water used to prepare D# vegetated concrete includes water for cement mortar and water absorbed by the peach shells themselves. The mass of water for cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.3-0.4, i.e., the mass ratio of water to cement in cement mortar is (0.3-0.4):1. The 24-hour water absorption rate of peach shells is 19%. When preparing vegetated concrete, the water absorption of the peach shells themselves is calculated as 0.1-0.5 times the 24-hour water absorption rate, i.e., the mass ratio of water used to soak the peach shells to the peach shells is (0.019-0.095):1.

[0143] In another specific embodiment, when preparing 1 cubic meter of D# vegetation concrete, prepare 290-310 kg of cement, 400-1600 kg of crushed stone, and 550-750 kg of peach shells, and prepare water according to the principle that "the water-cement ratio of cement mortar is 0.3 and the water mass ratio for soaking peach shells is 0.09".

[0144] Example 8:

[0145] This embodiment is based on embodiment 7 and further elaborates on the description.

[0146] The fourth experimental group used the same method to prepare multiple D# vegetated concrete samples with different proportions of raw materials. These samples were used for comparative analysis, including mechanical strength testing and observation of grass seed growth. All samples were 6.53cm × φ15.0cm in size.

[0147] Specifically, the samples are prepared and seeded according to the following method:

[0148] Step D1: Using cement as a binder, weigh out cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water according to the designed mix proportions; the peach shells are those that have undergone high-temperature carbonization treatment; in special cases, the content of crushed stone is 0, or the content of peach shells is 0.

[0149] Step D2: Pour cement, gravel, and peach shells into a mixer for pre-mixing, then add water and mix for 2-5 minutes to obtain wet slurry;

[0150] Step D3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. One part of the wet slurry is poured into the mold and placed in the standard curing chamber; the other part of the wet slurry is cured as follows: Figure 11 The following are examples of sowing methods 1 and 2 for sowing grass seeds.

[0151] The sample size, sowing method 1, sowing method 2, and watering precautions are the same as in Example 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0152] The fourth experimental group weighed the raw materials according to the proportions shown in Table 5, and prepared and sown samples according to the sowing methods 1 and 2, watering precautions, and sample size requirements described in Example 2. The test numbers were recorded as Ref. 4, LPS, and HPS, respectively. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive strength and flexural strength; samples sown with grass seeds were watered regularly in a constant temperature environment of 23°C indoors to observe the growth of the grass seeds.

[0153] The results of the compressive strength and flexural strength tests of the samples in the fourth test group after 28 days of curing are shown in Table 5:

[0154] Table 5. Test results of compressive strength and flexural strength of each specimen in the fourth test group.

[0155]

[0156] Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on specimens cured for 28 days under test numbers Ref.4, LPS, and HPS. The results showed a significant decrease in both compressive strength and density with increasing peach shell content. Due to the lightweight nature of peach shells, increasing the peach shell content to reduce the aggregate content significantly reduced the density of D# vegetation concrete, making it an ideal material for green buildings. Although D# vegetation concrete has lower mechanical strength, it can be applied to non-load-bearing applications in green infrastructure that conform to sustainable green building practices.

[0157] Furthermore, the water absorption rate of samples Ref.4, LPS, and HPS was tested, and the results are shown in Table 6:

[0158] Table 6. Water absorption test results of each sample in the fourth test group.

[0159]

[0160] The water and fertilizer retention mechanisms of vegetation concrete, numbered Ref. 4, LPS, and HPS, such as... Figure 24 As shown, where, Figure 24 (a) Figure 24 (b) Figure 24 (c) Schematic diagrams of the water and fertilizer retention mechanisms of vegetation concrete corresponding to Ref.4, LPS and HPS respectively.

[0161] The change in nitrogen concentration in vegetation concrete over time is as follows: Figure 25 As shown, the concentration of K in the vegetation concrete changes over time as follows: Figure 26 As shown, the concentration of P in the vegetation concrete changes over time as follows: Figure 27As shown. Analysis of the reasons: Peach shells, as a bio-based material in D# vegetated concrete, have a high cation exchange capacity, enabling them to adsorb and retain essential nutrients for plant growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Considering the growth of grass seeds in D# vegetated concrete, both plant height and the number of germinating seeds are superior to conventional concrete. Therefore, adding peach shells to D# vegetated concrete increases water retention and promotes plant growth.

[0162] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 7, so they will not be described again.

[0163] Example 9:

[0164] This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is a vegetation concrete mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, peach shell, miscanthus powder, and water; wherein, the mixture of crushed stone and peach shell serves as the coarse aggregate of the plant-based aggregate, and the miscanthus powder serves as the fine aggregate of the plant-based aggregate; denoted as E# vegetation concrete.

[0165] Compared to the D# vegetated concrete in Example 7, the addition of Miscanthus powder, while reducing mechanical strength to some extent, significantly increases water absorption. Therefore, the addition of Miscanthus powder can be chosen based on actual needs.

[0166] It should be noted that the common components of E# vegetation concrete are cement, crushed stone, peach shell, miscanthus powder, and water. There is also a special case where the components are cement, peach shell, miscanthus powder, and water, in which case the peach shell accounts for 100% of the coarse aggregate.

[0167] The crushed stone used in preparing E# vegetated concrete has a particle size of 2-5mm. The calculation methods for the total amount of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water used in preparing E# vegetated concrete are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated. The peach shells used in preparing E# vegetated concrete are the same as in Example 7 and will not be repeated.

[0168] Example 10:

[0169] When preparing a unit volume of planted concrete, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water, and the porosity satisfies equation (1):

[0170] (M c / ρ c )+(M g / ρ g )+(M w / ρ w Equation (1) is: )+P=1

[0171] In the formula:

[0172] M c—The amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg;

[0173] M g —The amount of plant-based aggregate used in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, in kg;

[0174] M w —Water usage in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg;

[0175] ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0176] ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0177] ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0178] P—Porosity, unit: %.

[0179] Based on the idea of ​​formula (1), when selecting any one of the four different formulations of plant-based aggregate, namely "crushed stone + miscanthus powder", "crushed stone + peach shell", "peach shell", and "crushed stone + peach shell + miscanthus powder", the overall mass and overall density of the plant-based aggregate can be calculated by M. g ρ g Assign a value to make equation (1) true. For example, for C# vegetation concrete, the sum of the amount of crushed stone and the amount of Miscanthus powder in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete is taken as M. g The value of ρ is defined as the density of the mixture after thorough mixing of crushed stone and Miscanthus powder according to the specified proportions. g The value of .

[0180] Based on the idea of ​​formula (1), when the plant-based aggregate is selected from any one of the four different formulas of "crushed stone + miscanthus powder", "crushed stone + peach shell", "peach shell", and "crushed stone + peach shell + miscanthus powder", formula (1) can be transformed into formula (2):

[0181] (M c / ρ c )+(M g芒草 / ρ g芒草 )+(M g碎石 / ρ g碎石 )+(M g桃壳 / ρ g桃壳 )+(M w / ρ w Equation (2) is: )+P=1

[0182] In the formula:

[0183] M c —The amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg;

[0184] M g芒草 —Amount of Miscanthus powder used in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg;

[0185] M g碎石 —The amount of crushed stone used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg;

[0186] M g桃壳 —Amount of peach shells used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, unit: kg;

[0187] M w —Water usage in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg;

[0188] ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0189] ρ g芒草 —Density of Miscanthus sinensis powder, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0190] ρ g碎石 —Density of crushed stone, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0191] ρ g桃壳 —Density of peach shells, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0192] ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ;

[0193] P—Porosity, unit: %.

[0194] For example, the density of grade 52.5 cement is 3120 kg / m³. 3 The density of the crushed stone is 2650 kg / m³. 3 The density of Miscanthus sinensis powder is 1570 kg / m³. 3 The density of water is 1000 kg / cm³. 3One cubic meter of vegetated concrete is made from 301 kg of cement, 1574 kg of crushed stone, 157 kg of Miscanthus powder, and 111.4 kg of water. Substituting these components into the formula: 1574 / 2650 + 301 / 3120 + 157 / 1570 + 111.4 / 1000 + P = 1, then P = 9.8%, approximately 10%. Therefore, once the amounts of each raw material are confirmed, the porosity of the material can be estimated. Based on the above relationship, the specific proportions of each raw material can be adjusted within the design porosity range.

[0195] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is a cement-based vegetation mortar mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregates, and water; characterized in that, The plant-based aggregate is Miscanthus powder; the Miscanthus powder is pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus powder, and the pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus into powder with a particle size of 100-500μm and then carbonizing it at high temperature; the mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125). The water includes two parts: water used in cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself. The mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.

4. The mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself is calculated based on a water absorption ratio of 1.575-4.

725. When preparing a unit volume of lightweight cement-based vegetation material, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water, and the porosity satisfies the following formula: (M c / r c )+(M g / r g )+(M w / r w )+P=1 In the formula: M c —The amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg; M g —The amount of plant-based aggregate used in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, in kg; M w —Water usage in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; P—Porosity, unit: %.

2. Lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is a cement-based vegetation mortar mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, SAP, and water; characterized in that, The plant-based aggregate is Miscanthus powder; the Miscanthus powder is pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus powder, and the pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus into powder with a particle size of 100-500μm and then carbonizing it at high temperature; the mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.001-0.003):(0.793-5.125). The water includes two parts: water used in cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself. The mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.

4. The mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself is calculated based on a water absorption ratio of 1.575-4.

725. When preparing a unit volume of lightweight cement-based vegetation material, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water, and the porosity satisfies the following formula: (M c / r c )+(M g / r g )+(M w / r w )+P=1 In the formula: M c —The amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg; M g —The amount of plant-based aggregate used in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, in kg; M w —Water usage in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; P—Porosity, unit: %.

3. Lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is a type of vegetation concrete mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregates, and water; characterized in that... The plant-based aggregate includes crushed stone as coarse aggregate and Miscanthus powder as fine aggregate; the Miscanthus powder is pyrolytic carbonized Miscanthus powder, which is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus into powder with a particle size of 100-500μm and then carbonizing it at high temperature; the mass ratio of cement, coarse aggregate, Miscanthus powder and water is 1:(4.838-5.518):(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125). The water includes two parts: water used in cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself. The mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.

4. The mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus powder itself is calculated based on a water absorption ratio of 1.575-4.

725. When preparing a unit volume of lightweight cement-based vegetation material, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water, and the porosity satisfies the following formula: (M c / r c )+(M g / r g )+(M w / r w )+P=1 In the formula: M c —The amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg; M g —The amount of plant-based aggregate used in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, in kg; M w —Water usage in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; P—Porosity, unit: %.

4. Lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is a type of vegetation concrete mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregates, and water; characterized in that, The plant-based aggregate includes coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate is a mixture of peach shells and gravel or only peach shells. The fine aggregate is Miscanthus powder. The peach shells are pyrolytically carbonized peach shells that have undergone high-temperature carbonization treatment. The Miscanthus powder is pyrolytically carbonized Miscanthus powder, and the pyrolytically carbonized Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus into powder with a particle size of 100-500μm and then undergoing high-temperature carbonization treatment. When preparing a unit volume of lightweight cement-based vegetation material, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water, and the porosity satisfies the following formula: (M c / r c )+(M g / r g )+(M w / r w )+P=1 In the formula: M c —The amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete, in kg; M g —The amount of plant-based aggregate used in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, in kg; M w —Water usage in 1 cubic meter of vegetated concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm³ 3 ; P—Porosity, unit: %.

5. A method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, characterized in that, Used to prepare the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as described in claim 1; using cement, Miscanthus powder and water as the main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement and the amount of Miscanthus powder, and determine the total amount of water according to the designed water-cement ratio of cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder, and then mix the quantitatively obtained cement, Miscanthus powder and water together evenly to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar without SAP. When determining the total amount of water, first calculate the first portion of water based on the amount of cement and the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar. Then calculate the second portion of water based on the amount of Miscanthus powder and the designed water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder. Finally, sum the first and second portions of water to obtain the total amount of water.

6. A method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, characterized in that, To prepare the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as described in claim 2; using cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water as the main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement, the amount of Miscanthus powder, and the amount of SAP, and determine the total amount of water according to the designed water-cement ratio of cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder, then premix the quantitatively obtained Miscanthus powder and SAP, and then add cement and water and stir evenly to prepare cement-based vegetation mortar containing SAP; When determining the total amount of water, first calculate the first portion of water based on the amount of cement and the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar. Then calculate the second portion of water based on the amount of Miscanthus powder and the designed water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder. Finally, sum the first and second portions of water to obtain the total amount of water.

7. A method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, characterized in that, To prepare the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as described in claim 3; using cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water as the main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement, crushed stone, and Miscanthus powder, and determine the total amount of water according to the designed water-cement ratio of cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder, and then mix the quantitatively obtained cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water together evenly to prepare vegetation concrete.

8. An application characterized in that, The lightweight cement-based vegetation material described in claim 1, 2, 3, or 4 is used as a green building material.

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