Fabricated connecting structure and method for structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated external wall panel and floor slab

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembly type connecting structure and method for a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated external wall panel and a floor, the connecting structure is arranged at the joint of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated external wall panel and the floor, and the connecting structure comprises a first neodymium iron boron magnet pre-buried on the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated external wall panel, and a second neodymium iron boron magnet pre-buried on the floor; the first neodymium-iron-boron magnet is embedded in the floor, the second neodymium-iron-boron magnet is embedded in the floor, and the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated external wall panel is connected to the second neodymium-iron-boron magnet of the floor through strong magnetic attraction of the first neodymium-iron-boron magnet on the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated external wall panel. A first neodymium iron boron magnet and a second neodymium iron boron magnet extend out of the two ends of each connecting rod piece respectively and are embedded into the structural heat preservation integrated prefabricated external wall panel and the floor slab. The method has the advantages of being high in assembly efficiency, short in assembly period and high in connection reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of prefabricated buildings, and in particular to an assembled connection structure and method for a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation and a floor panel. Background Art

[0002] In prefabricated buildings, the prefabricated connection structure between prefabricated exterior wall panels with integrated structural insulation and floor slabs is usually a sleeve grouting structure. When prefabricated exterior wall panels are prefabricated in the factory, sleeves need to be reserved. The prefabricated exterior wall panels are inserted into the vertical steel bars of the floor slab through the sleeves on them, and concrete is poured into the gap between the sleeves and the steel bars. On the one hand, the alignment of the sleeves and the steel bars is difficult, and hoisting equipment is required to assist in alignment before the prefabricated exterior wall panels can be lowered. On the other hand, before the concrete is completely set, temporary diagonal braces need to be installed between the prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs to ensure the construction safety of the prefabricated building. In the prefabricated connection structure using sleeve grouting, when there is a deviation in the alignment and installation of the prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs, there is a risk of leakage at the joints. When the cumulative deviation exceeds the standard, it is easy to cause poor connection reliability and there is a safety hazard of collapse. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated connection structure and method for structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and floor slabs, so as to solve the problems of difficult alignment of prefabricated connections using sleeve grouting, the need to construct temporary diagonal braces, and poor reliability at connection nodes.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an assembled connection structure for a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a floor slab, which is arranged at the connection between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab, including a first NdFeB magnet pre-embedded in the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a second NdFeB magnet pre-embedded in the floor slab. The structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel is strongly magnetically adsorbed to the second NdFeB magnet on the floor slab by the first NdFeB magnet thereon, and a plurality of connecting rods running through the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet, and a first NdFeB magnet and a second NdFeB magnet are respectively extended from both ends of each of the connecting rods and embedded in the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab.

[0005] Furthermore, in the assembled connection structure provided by the present invention, the contact surfaces of the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are both serrated surfaces, forming a dual connection structure of magnetic attraction and mechanical engagement.

[0006] Furthermore, in the assembled connection structure provided by the present invention, the contact surfaces of the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are both planes, forming a magnetically attractive planar connection structure.

[0007] Furthermore, in the assembled connection structure provided by the present invention, the floor slab is a cast-in-place structure.

[0008] Furthermore, in the assembled connection structure provided by the present invention, the floor slab is a prefabricated composite slab.

[0009] Furthermore, in the assembled connection structure provided by the present invention, the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are both bar-shaped bodies with the same specifications.

[0010] Furthermore, in the assembled connection structure provided by the present invention, the connecting rod is a pin, a bolt, a steel bar or a steel pipe.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention further provides a method for assembling a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated thermal insulation structure and a floor slab, which adopts the above-mentioned assembly connection structure of the prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated thermal insulation structure and a floor slab, comprising:

[0012] When manufacturing a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation, a first NdFeB magnet having a first through hole is embedded in the lower end surface of the prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation, and a reserved hole is provided in the prefabricated exterior wall panel extending upward from the first through hole, wherein the first through hole and the reserved hole are connected to form an assembly blind hole;

[0013] During the construction of the floor slab, a second NdFeB magnet having a second through hole is embedded in the floor slab so that the second NdFeB magnet and the first NdFeB magnet are embedded in opposite directions on the contact surface. Each connecting rod is embedded in the floor slab through the second through hole and the second NdFeB magnet and extends upward to be exposed from the floor slab, wherein the diameters of the first through hole and the second through hole are the same;

[0014] The manufactured structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are suspended above the floor slab by a hoisting device, and the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are aligned and inserted into the connecting rods through their assembly blind holes, so that the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels fall onto the floor slab and are magnetically connected to the floor slab;

[0015] Remove the lifting equipment and seal the joints between the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs with colloid.

[0016] Furthermore, in the assembly-type connection method of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab provided by the present invention, the colloid is EPDM rubber.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention provides an assembled connection method for structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and floor slabs. After the manufactured structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are suspended above the floor slabs by hoisting equipment, the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are temporarily supported by arranging wedge-shaped sleepers on the floor slabs; after the blind holes are assembled and aligned with the connecting rods, the wedge-shaped sleepers are removed.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention provides an assembled connection structure and method for a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a floor slab. The structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab are assembled and aligned by a connecting rod body, and the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab are strongly magnetically adsorbed and connected by a first NdFeB magnet and a second NdFeB magnet, so that the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel is stably and reliably fixed on the floor slab. Compared with the sleeve grouting method, there is no need to set a temporary diagonal brace to fix the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel, and there is no need to wait for the grouting curing period as in the sleeve grouting method. The invention has the advantages of high assembly efficiency, short assembly period and high connection reliability.

[0020] The present invention provides an assembled connection structure and method for structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and floor slabs. The structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs are connected by strong magnetic adsorption through a first neodymium iron boron magnet and a second neodymium iron boron magnet, so that the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs are tightly connected, effectively controlling the construction gaps caused by construction errors, avoiding the problems of positioning difficulties and positioning deviations in the sleeve grouting method that lead to construction gaps between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs, and avoiding the problems of leakage due to the existence of construction gaps and unreliable connection due to accumulated positioning deviations in the sleeve grouting method, thereby posing a safety hazard.

[0021] The present invention provides an assembled connection structure and method for a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated thermal insulation and a floor slab. During production of the prefabricated exterior wall panel, no sleeve is required. Instead, the prefabricated first NdFeB magnet is pre-embedded. Compared with the pre-reserved sleeve method, the pre-embedded first NdFeB magnet improves prefabrication efficiency, reduces costs, simplifies the process, and avoids the problem of requiring the use of a template for the reserved sleeve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the facade structure of the first NdFeB magnet embedded in the floor slab;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the pre-embedded connecting rods on the floor slab and the first NdFeB magnet;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the facade structure before the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel is connected to the floor slab;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the facade structure after the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel is connected to the floor slab;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a side view of the structure after the prefabricated exterior wall panels with integrated structural insulation are connected to the floor slabs;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic planar structural diagram of a first through hole formed on a first NdFeB magnet;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first NdFeB magnet with a serrated surface and a second NdFeB magnet before strong magnetic adsorption;

[0030] As shown in the figure:

[0031] 10. Structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels, 11. Concrete panels, 12. Insulation panels, 20. Floor slabs;

[0032] 100. Assembled connection structure, 110. First NdFeB magnet, 111. First through hole, 120. Second NdFeB magnet, 121. Second through hole, 130. Reserved hole, 140. Connecting rod, 150. Colloid;

[0033] 200. Wedge-shaped sleepers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not accurately scaled, and are only used to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 3 to 5The embodiment of the present invention provides an assembled connection structure 100 of a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a floor slab, which is arranged at the connection between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 and is used for the assembled connection of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20, including a first neodymium iron boron magnet 110 pre-embedded in the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10, and a second neodymium iron boron magnet 120 pre-embedded in the floor slab 20. The structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 is connected to the floor slab 20 by the first neodymium iron boron magnet 110 thereon. The second NdFeB magnet 120 is strongly magnetically attached to the floor slab 20, and multiple connecting rods 140 extend through the first NdFeB magnet 110 and the second NdFeB magnet 120. Each connecting rod 140 has two ends extending from the first NdFeB magnet 110 and the second NdFeB magnet 120, respectively, and are embedded in the prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20. By extending the ends of the connecting rods 140 into the prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20, the reliability of the connection between the two can be improved. The magnetic poles of the second NdFeB magnet 120 and the contact surface of the first NdFeB magnet 110 are in opposite directions. The first NdFeB magnet 110 is located on the lower end surface of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10, specifically on the structural end surface of the lower end surface. The structural end surface and the insulation end surface of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 form a stepped surface. The structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 includes but is not limited to a concrete panel 11 and an insulation panel 12. The lower end surface of the concrete panel 11 is lower than the lower end surface of the insulation panel 12. The second NdFeB magnet 120 is located on the upper end surface of the floor panel 20, and may be flush with the floor panel 20 or slightly higher than the floor panel 20. The slightly higher portion may be about 205 mm higher than the floor panel. The connecting rod 140 may be a pin, a bolt, a steel bar, a steel pipe, or the like.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for assembling a connection between a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated thermal insulation structure and a floor slab, which uses the above-mentioned assembly connection structure 100 of the prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated thermal insulation structure 10 and the floor slab 20, including:

[0037] Step S1: When manufacturing a prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 with integrated structural insulation, a first NdFeB magnet 110 having a first through hole 111 is embedded in the lower end surface of the prefabricated exterior wall panel 10. A reserved opening 130 is provided in the prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 extending upward from the first through hole 111. The first through hole 111 and the reserved opening 130 are intersected to form an assembly blind hole. The number of first through holes 111 matches the number of connecting rods 140. The first NdFeB magnet 110 can be flush with the lower end surface of the concrete slab 11 of the prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 with integrated structural insulation.

[0038] During the construction of the floor slab 20, a second NdFeB magnet 120 having a second through hole 121 is pre-embedded in the floor slab 20, with the second NdFeB magnet 120 and the first NdFeB magnet 110 pre-embedded in opposite directions on the contact surface. Each connecting rod 140 is pre-embedded in the floor slab 20 through the second through hole 121 and the second NdFeB magnet 120, extending upward and exposed from the floor slab 20. The first through hole 111 and the second through hole 121 have the same diameter, and the number of the second through holes 121 matches the number of the first through holes 111. The floor slab 20 can be a cast-in-place structure or a prefabricated composite panel. The first NdFeB magnet 110 is located at the outer edge of the lower end surface of the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10, and the corresponding second NdFeB magnet 120 is located at the outer edge of the upper end surface of the floor slab 20. The thickness of the two NdFeB magnets can be 20 mm, and the compressive strength is ≥ 200 MPa.

[0039] In step S2, the prefabricated structural thermal insulation integrated exterior wall panel 10 is suspended above the floor slab 20 using a hoisting device. The prefabricated structural thermal insulation integrated exterior wall panel 10 is aligned and inserted into the connecting rod 140 through its assembly blind hole. The prefabricated structural thermal insulation integrated exterior wall panel 10 is then lowered onto the floor slab 20 and strongly magnetically connected to the floor slab 20. The connecting rod 140, which is exposed from the floor slab 20, is inserted into the assembly blind hole and penetrates into the reserved opening 130. At this time, the connecting rod 140 and the first through hole 111 and the second through hole 121 can both form a clearance fit. In order to improve the stability of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 during the hoisting process, after the manufactured structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 is suspended above the floor slab 20 by hoisting equipment, the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 can be temporarily supported by setting wedge-shaped sleepers 200 on the floor slab 20. The height of the sleepers is 80% to 90% of the thickness of the first NdFeB magnet 110. After the blind holes are assembled and aligned with the connecting rods 140, the wedge-shaped sleepers 200 are removed.

[0040] In step S3, the lifting equipment is removed. The integrated thermal insulation prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 now remains connected to the floor slab 10 via strong magnetic attraction, supporting its weight without the need for additional temporary supports. The joint between the structurally integrated thermal insulation prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 is sealed with a colloid 150, such as EPDM rubber. Specifically, the joint between the stepped surface at the lower end of the structurally integrated thermal insulation prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 is sealed with colloid 150. To improve sealing performance, the gap between the connecting rod 140 and the assembly blind hole can also be sealed with colloid 150. EPDM rubber has the advantage of low energy consumption.

[0041] The embodiment of the present invention provides an assembled connection structure 100 and method for a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a floor slab. The structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 are assembled and aligned by a connecting rod, and the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 are strongly magnetically adsorbed and connected by a first NdFeB magnet 110 and a second NdFeB magnet 120. That is, the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 is fixed by strong adsorption, so that the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 is stably and reliably fixed on the floor slab 20. Compared with the sleeve grouting method, there is no need to set a temporary diagonal brace to fix the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10, and there is no need to wait for the grouting curing period as in the sleeve grouting method. The structure has the advantages of high assembly efficiency, short assembly period, and high connection reliability.

[0042] The assembled connection structure 100 and method of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab provided in the embodiment of the present invention use a first NdFeB magnet 110 and a second NdFeB magnet 120 to connect the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 by strong magnetic adsorption, so that the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 are tightly connected, effectively controlling the construction gap caused by construction errors, avoiding the problem of positioning difficulty and positioning deviation in the sleeve grouting method resulting in a construction gap between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20, and avoiding the problem of leakage due to the existence of construction gaps and unreliable connection due to accumulated positioning deviations in the sleeve grouting method, which poses a safety hazard.

[0043] The embodiment of the present invention provides an assembled connection structure 100 and method for a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a floor slab. When manufacturing the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10, there is no need to reserve a sleeve, but the first NdFeB magnet 110 is pre-embedded. Compared with the reserved sleeve method, the pre-embedded construction of the first NdFeB magnet 110 improves the prefabrication efficiency, reduces the cost, simplifies the process, avoids the problem of requiring the use of a template for the reserved sleeve, eliminates the traditional sleeve grouting construction, effectively improves the construction efficiency, and reduces the construction cost.

[0044] In order to achieve the purpose of strong magnetic adsorption assembly connection of the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20, the embodiment of the present invention provides an assembly connection structure 100 and method of the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab, wherein the contact surfaces of the first NdFeB magnet 110 and the second NdFeB magnet 120 are both flat, forming a magnetically attracted planar connection structure.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8In the assembled connection structure 100 and method for the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the contact surfaces of the first NdFeB magnet 110 and the second NdFeB magnet 120 are both serrated surfaces, forming a dual connection structure of magnetic attraction and mechanical engagement. At this time, while the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 are connected by magnetic attraction, they can also be mechanically connected by mutual engagement of the serrated surfaces, with the engagement depth including but not limited to 1-2 mm. The serrated surfaces can prevent the first NdFeB magnet 110 and the second NdFeB magnet 120 from being dislocated and adsorbed, thereby avoiding assembly misalignment between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20, that is, avoiding assembly deviation, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the connection between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel 10 and the floor slab 20 through the dual connection structure.

[0046] In order to improve the reliability of the magnetic connection, in the assembled connection structure 100 provided by the present invention, the first NdFeB magnet 110 and the second NdFeB magnet 120 are both bar-shaped bodies with the same specifications.

[0047] The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Obviously, the embodiments described above are only some embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention described, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other levels of modifications and changes to the present invention. In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention, the present invention is also intended to include these changes and changes.

Claims

1. An assembled connection structure of a structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and a floor slab, provided at the connection between the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first NdFeB magnet embedded in a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation, and a second NdFeB magnet embedded in a floor slab. The prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation is connected to the second NdFeB magnet of the floor slab through strong magnetic attraction of the first NdFeB magnet thereon, and a plurality of connecting rods passing through the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet. The first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are respectively extended from both ends of each connecting rod and embedded in the prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation and the floor slab.

2. The assembled connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surfaces of the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are both serrated surfaces, forming a dual connection structure of magnetic attraction and mechanical engagement.

3. The assembled connection structure according to claim 1, wherein: The contact surfaces of the first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are both planes, forming a magnetically attractive planar connection structure.

4. The assembled connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floor slab is a cast-in-place structure.

5. The assembled connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floor slab is a prefabricated composite slab.

6. The assembled connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first NdFeB magnet and the second NdFeB magnet are both bar-shaped bodies with the same specifications.

7. The assembled connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod is a pin, a bolt, a steel bar or a steel pipe.

8. A method for assembling and connecting prefabricated exterior wall panels with integrated structural insulation to floor panels, characterized in that: The assembled connection structure of the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panel and the floor slab according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: When manufacturing a prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation, a first NdFeB magnet having a first through hole is embedded in the lower end surface of the prefabricated exterior wall panel with integrated structural insulation, and a reserved hole is provided in the prefabricated exterior wall panel extending upward from the first through hole, wherein the first through hole and the reserved hole are connected to form an assembly blind hole; During the construction of the floor slab, a second NdFeB magnet having a second through hole is embedded in the floor slab so that the second NdFeB magnet and the first NdFeB magnet are embedded in opposite directions on the contact surface. Each connecting rod is embedded in the floor slab through the second through hole and the second NdFeB magnet and extends upward to be exposed from the floor slab, wherein the diameters of the first through hole and the second through hole are the same; The manufactured structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are suspended above the floor slab by a hoisting device, and the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are aligned and inserted into the connecting rods through their assembly blind holes, so that the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels fall onto the floor slab and are magnetically connected to the floor slab; Remove the lifting equipment and seal the joints between the structural insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels and the floor slabs with colloid.

9. The method for assembling and connecting prefabricated exterior wall panels with integrated thermal insulation and floor slabs according to claim 8, characterized in that: The colloid is EPDM rubber.

10. The method for assembling and connecting prefabricated exterior wall panels with integrated thermal insulation to floor panels according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the manufactured structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels are suspended above the floor slab by hoisting equipment, wedge-shaped sleepers are set on the floor slab to temporarily support the structural thermal insulation integrated prefabricated exterior wall panels; After aligning the blind holes and connecting rods, remove the wedge-shaped sleepers.

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