Wind turbine generator blade electric heating deicing system and method based on phase change material

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind turbine generator blade electric heating deicing system and method based on a phase change material, and belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The system comprises a phase change material layer arranged on the surface of a blade deicing area, and an electric heating auxiliary unit is arranged on the phase change material layer; a sensor unit connected with an intelligent control unit is arranged on the blade; and the electric heating auxiliary unit is connected with the intelligent control unit. The method comprises the steps that environment parameters, blade state monitoring data and performance parameters of a phase change material layer are obtained, and whether electric heating assistance is needed or not is judged based on an intelligent control algorithm; if not, only the phase change material layer is adopted for deicing; if yes, starting an electric heating auxiliary unit; environment parameters and blade state monitoring data are obtained in real time, the deicing effect fed back in real time is obtained, and the power of the electric heating auxiliary unit is adjusted based on the deicing effect; and judging whether deicing is completed or not based on the deicing effect, and if not, returning to the step of judging whether the electric heating assistance is needed or not based on the intelligent control algorithm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and relates to a wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system and method based on phase change materials. Background Art

[0002] In the field of wind power generation, wind turbine blades operate in a complex and volatile environment. Ice is particularly susceptible to blade accretion under harsh conditions of low temperature and high humidity. Icing forms irregular layers on the blade surface, altering the blade's aerodynamic shape, reducing its lift coefficient and increasing its drag coefficient. This, in turn, severely impacts the turbine's efficiency and reduces power generation. Icing also increases blade weight and alters its natural frequency and vibration characteristics, posing a serious threat to the turbine's safe operation and potentially causing major safety incidents such as blade breakage and tower collapse.

[0003] Currently, electric de-icing technology is a common method for de-icing wind turbine blades. This technology employs electric heating elements placed inside or on the blade surface, converting electrical energy into heat to melt the ice. While effective to a certain extent, electric de-icing technology can remove ice from blades, it suffers from numerous drawbacks. Firstly, electric de-icing technology consumes a significant amount of energy to maintain the heating process, which not only increases wind farm operating costs but also contradicts the energy-saving and environmentally friendly principles of wind power generation. Secondly, prolonged heating accelerates the aging of blade materials due to excessive temperatures, shortening the blade's service life and increasing the cost and maintenance difficulty of blade replacement. Furthermore, existing electric de-icing systems lack intelligent control mechanisms and are unable to adjust the heating power in real time based on the actual ice coverage and environmental conditions, resulting in significant energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems in the prior art of high energy consumption and accelerated blade aging when using electric heating to de-ice blades, and to provide a wind turbine blade electric heating and de-icing system and method based on phase change materials.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the present invention discloses an electric heating and deicing system for wind turbine blades based on phase change materials, comprising a phase change material layer arranged on the surface of the blade deicing area, an electric heating auxiliary unit arranged on the phase change material layer; a sensor unit connected to an intelligent control unit is arranged on the blade; and the electric heating auxiliary unit is connected to the intelligent control unit.

[0006] Further improvements are: The electric heating auxiliary unit includes an electric heating film, and the electric heating film is a flexible electric heating film.

[0007] The sensor unit includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and a vibration sensor.

[0008] The phase change material layer is an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material, a composite phase change material or a metal phase change material.

[0009] The phase change material layer adopts a three-layer composite structure, which is composed of a heat conduction enhancement layer, a phase change material core layer and a protective layer in order from the contact surface with the blade.

[0010] The thermal conductivity enhancement layer is aluminum foil micro-grooves; the phase change material core layer is lauric acid-silicon dioxide shaped phase change material; and the protective layer is carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin.

[0011] The depth of the aluminum foil micro-grooves is 0.1-0.3 mm; the thickness of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin is 0.1-0.2 mm.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention discloses a method for electrically heating and deicing wind turbine blades based on the above-mentioned system and phase change materials, comprising: Obtain environmental parameters, blade status monitoring data, and performance parameters of the phase change material layer, and determine whether electric heating assistance is needed based on the intelligent control algorithm; If not, only the phase change material layer is used for de-icing; if so, the electric heating auxiliary unit is activated; Real-time acquisition of environmental parameters and blade status monitoring data, obtaining real-time feedback on de-icing effects, and adjusting the power of the electric heating auxiliary unit based on the de-icing effects; Based on the real-time feedback of the de-icing effect, it is determined whether the de-icing is completed. If so, the electric heating auxiliary unit is turned off; if not, the process returns to the step of determining whether the electric heating auxiliary is needed based on the intelligent control algorithm and continues de-icing.

[0013] The determination of whether de-icing is completed based on the de-icing effect of the real-time feedback is specifically as follows: De-icing is considered complete when the following three conditions are met: the temperature continues to exceed the melting point, the vibration spectrum is restored, and there is no visual ice residue.

[0014] The environmental parameters include ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall; the blade status monitoring data includes blade surface temperature distribution, real-time ice thickness and vibration spectrum data; the performance parameters of the phase change material layer include phase change temperature range, latent heat value and current phase state ratio.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material. Through the synergistic effect of the phase change material layer and an auxiliary electric heating unit, precise blade temperature control and efficient energy utilization are achieved. The phase change material layer absorbs heat and melts within a specific temperature range, releasing latent heat to maintain a stable blade temperature and reduce electric heating energy consumption. The auxiliary electric heating unit, on the other hand, activates quickly when ambient temperatures are extremely low or when blades are severely iced, raising the blade temperature and accelerating the deicing process. This combination not only improves deicing efficiency but also significantly reduces energy consumption. The system integrates an intelligent control unit with a sensor unit to achieve intelligent control of the deicing process. The sensor unit monitors blade status and environmental conditions in real time, providing accurate data support to the intelligent control unit. Based on this data, the intelligent control unit determines whether the blades are iced and the severity of the ice, and selects the most appropriate deicing strategy. This intelligent control approach not only improves the system's automation level but also ensures the effectiveness and efficiency of deicing operations. The synergistic effect of the phase change material layer and the auxiliary electric heating unit enhances system reliability. In harsh environments, the two work together to ensure that ice on the blade surface does not affect the normal operation of the wind turbine. At the same time, the intelligent control unit can make dynamic adjustments based on the de-icing effect monitoring feedback to further optimize the de-icing process and improve the stability and reliability of the system.

[0016] Furthermore, the three-layer composite structure adopted by the phase change material layer brings significant technical effects. The thermal conductivity enhancement layer is close to the surface of the blade, effectively improving the heat conduction efficiency, ensuring that the heat generated by the blade or the electric heating auxiliary unit can be quickly and evenly transferred to the phase change material core layer, thereby accelerating the heating rate of the blade and improving the deicing efficiency. As a key part of heat storage and heat release, the phase change material core layer can make full use of the latent heat characteristics of the phase change material, stably absorb and release heat within the temperature range where the blade may freeze, maintain the stability of the blade temperature, and prevent the occurrence of icing. At the same time, the protective layer effectively protects the phase change material core layer from erosion by external environmental factors such as wind, sand, rain, snow, ultraviolet rays, etc., extending the service life of the phase change material layer and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. The synergistic effect of the three-layer structure not only optimizes the thermal management strategy and reduces unnecessary energy consumption, but also significantly improves the performance and reliability of the entire deicing system.

[0017] The present invention discloses a method for deicing wind turbine blades using electric heating using phase change materials. This method integrates environmental parameters, blade status, and phase change material performance data through an intelligent control algorithm to accurately determine the timing of electric heating intervention, avoid ineffective heating, maximize the latent heat storage properties of the phase change material, and significantly reduce overall energy consumption during the deicing process. A closed-loop control system, based on real-time deicing effect feedback, dynamically adjusts the electric heating power based on the progress of ice melting and blade temperature distribution, preventing local overheating or insufficient heating, thereby ensuring deicing efficiency while reducing energy waste. A hierarchical operating mode of "phase change material-based deicing + precise electric heating assistance" is employed, leveraging the advantages of the phase change material's continuous and stable heat release while enabling rapid response to extreme operating conditions through electric heating, forming a deicing mechanism with complementary advantages. A cyclic judgment mechanism ensures deicing integrity and avoids manual intervention errors. When residual ice is detected, the judgment process is automatically restarted, ensuring the continued safe operation of the wind turbine under complex meteorological conditions. Frequent starting and stopping of the electric heating system and prolonged high-power operation are reduced, reducing thermal stress fatigue in the heating element. Furthermore, the thermal insulation and protective effect of the phase change material layer slows the aging of the blade surface material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a phase change material layer and an electric heating auxiliary unit on a blade in a wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart of a method for electrically heating and deicing wind turbine blades based on phase change materials in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Among them: 1-electric heating auxiliary unit; 2-phase change material layer; 3-blade deicing area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," etc. appear, the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0027] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: See also Figure 1An embodiment of the present invention discloses an electric heating and deicing system for wind turbine blades based on phase change materials, comprising a phase change material layer 2 disposed on the surface 3 of the blade deicing area, with an electric heating auxiliary unit 1 disposed on the phase change material layer 2; the phase change material layer 2 is an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material, a composite phase change material, or a metallic phase change material. The phase change material layer 2 adopts a three-layer composite structure, comprising, from the contact surface with the blade, a thermal conductivity enhancement layer, a phase change material core layer, and a protective layer. Specifically, the thermal conductivity enhancement layer comprises aluminum foil microgrooves; the phase change material core layer comprises lauric acid-silicon dioxide shaped phase change material; the protective layer comprises carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin, the aluminum foil microgrooves have a depth of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The three-layer composite structure of the phase change material layer brings significant technical benefits. The thermal conductivity enhancement layer adheres closely to the blade surface, effectively improving the heat conduction efficiency and ensuring that the heat generated by the blade or the electric heating auxiliary unit can be quickly and evenly transferred to the phase change material core layer, thereby accelerating the heating rate of the blade and improving the deicing efficiency. As a key component for heat storage and heat release, the phase change material core layer can fully utilize the latent heat properties of the phase change material, stably absorbing and releasing heat within the temperature range where the blade may freeze, maintaining the stability of the blade temperature and preventing the occurrence of icing. At the same time, the protective layer effectively protects the phase change material core layer from erosion by external environmental factors such as wind, sand, rain, snow, and ultraviolet rays, extending the service life of the phase change material layer and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. The synergistic effect of the three-layer structure not only optimizes the thermal management strategy and reduces unnecessary energy consumption, but also significantly improves the performance and reliability of the entire deicing system.

[0028] The electric heating auxiliary unit 1 includes an electric heating film, which is a flexible electric heating film, specifically a flexible graphene electric heating film, and its heating power density can be adjusted within a range of The blade is equipped with a sensor unit connected to an intelligent control unit. The sensor unit includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a vibration sensor. The electric heating auxiliary unit 1 is connected to the intelligent control unit. The temperature sensor is a distributed temperature sensor array, with temperature measurement points arranged every 0.5m along the span of the blade. The blade of the present invention is also equipped with an industrial camera array and a phase change material microwave excitation device.

[0029] The present invention discloses an electric heating and deicing system for wind turbine blades based on phase change material. Phase change material is an intelligent material that can absorb or release a large amount of latent heat through changes in material state at a specific temperature. In the wind turbine blade deicing system, the phase change material is made into a coating and covers the surface of the blade. When the ambient temperature drops, it releases the stored heat energy through solid-liquid phase change, forming a stable temperature buffer layer, which effectively delays the freezing of the blade. This material has a constant temperature characteristic and can maintain the surface temperature of the blade during the phase change process, reducing the frequent startup of the electric heating system. Compared with the pure electric heating solution, the phase change material can reduce the deicing energy consumption by more than 30%. At the same time, its microencapsulation packaging technology ensures the long-term stability of the material under high-speed rotation of the blade, significantly improving the operational reliability and economy of the wind turbine in a low-temperature environment. Through the synergistic effect of the phase change material layer and the electric heating auxiliary unit, precise control of the blade temperature and efficient energy utilization are achieved. The phase change material layer absorbs heat and melts within a specific temperature range, releasing latent heat to maintain a stable blade temperature and reduce electrical heating energy consumption. The electric heating auxiliary unit quickly activates when ambient temperatures are extremely low or when blades are severely covered with ice, raising the blade temperature and accelerating the de-icing process. This combination not only improves de-icing efficiency but also significantly reduces energy consumption. The system integrates an intelligent control unit with a sensor unit to achieve intelligent control of the de-icing process. The sensor unit monitors blade status and environmental conditions in real time, providing accurate data to the intelligent control unit. Based on this data, the intelligent control unit determines whether ice is forming on the blades and the severity of the ice, and selects the most appropriate de-icing strategy. This intelligent control approach not only enhances the system's automation level but also ensures the effectiveness and efficiency of de-icing operations. The synergistic operation of the phase change material layer and the electric heating auxiliary unit enhances system reliability. In harsh environments, the two work together to ensure that ice does not accumulate on the blade surface and affect the normal operation of the wind turbine. Furthermore, the intelligent control unit dynamically adjusts based on feedback from de-icing monitoring to further optimize the de-icing process and improve system stability and reliability.

[0030] See also Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for electrically heating and deicing wind turbine blades based on phase change materials, comprising: Step 1: Obtain environmental parameters, blade status monitoring data, and performance parameters of the phase change material layer 2, and determine whether electric heating assistance is required based on an intelligent control algorithm. Environmental parameters include ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall; blade status monitoring data includes blade surface temperature distribution, real-time ice thickness, and vibration spectrum data; and performance parameters of the phase change material layer 2 include phase change temperature range, latent heat value, and current phase ratio. The intelligent control algorithm utilizes a fuzzy control algorithm, fusing multi-source monitoring data using a pre-set fuzzy rule base to generate a control instruction set containing electric heating start / stop commands and power adjustment parameters.

[0031] Step 2: If not, only use the phase change material layer 2 to de-ice; if so, start the electric heating auxiliary unit 1; Step three: Real-time acquisition of environmental parameters and blade status monitoring data to obtain real-time feedback on the de-icing effect, and based on the de-icing effect, adjust the power of the electric heating auxiliary unit 1. Specifically, when the ice thickness in the blade edge area is detected to increase, feedforward control is used to increase the electric heating power in the corresponding area by 30%. When the temperature in the blade root area exceeds the phase change material safety threshold, proportional integral differential control is used to reduce the overall power by 20%. When the local phase change material phase ratio is detected to be lower than 30%, the microwave excitation device is activated to perform targeted heating on the area, triggering the migration and replenishment of the phase change material in the adjacent area. The entire self-repair process is completed within 15 minutes. The operating frequency of the microwave excitation device is 2.45GHz, the pulse operating mode is a duty cycle of 10%, and the period is 5 seconds. The excitation energy density is controlled within 80% of the phase change material safety absorption threshold.

[0032] Step 4: Determine whether de-icing is complete based on the real-time feedback of the de-icing effect. If so, turn off the electric heating assist unit 1; if not, return to the step of determining whether electric heating assistance is needed based on the intelligent control algorithm and continue de-icing. The specific method of determining whether de-icing is complete based on the real-time feedback of the de-icing effect is as follows: de-icing is complete when the temperature continuously exceeds the melting point, the vibration spectrum is restored, and there is no visual ice residue. After de-icing is completed, environmental parameters are continuously monitored. When there is no icing risk predicted within the next two hours, the system automatically switches to the energy storage mode of the phase change material layer 2. The aerodynamic heat energy generated by the blade operation is stored in the phase change material through the thermocouple array, with an energy storage efficiency of over 75%.

[0033] The condition for determining that the temperature continuously exceeds the melting point is that more than 95% of the temperature measurement points on the blade surface remain more than 2°C above the melting point of the phase change material for 10 consecutive minutes. The judgment standard for the vibration spectrum restoration is that the frequency of the first-order bending mode of the blade is restored to within ±3% of the no-load state. The visual determination of no ice residue is achieved by an industrial camera array. The industrial camera array is arranged equidistantly along the span of the blade, and an image recognition algorithm is used to calculate the ice coverage rate of the collected blade surface images. When the coverage rate is less than 1%, it is determined that the visual condition is met. The visual determination of no ice residue is achieved by an industrial camera array. The industrial camera array is arranged equidistantly along the span of the blade, and an image recognition algorithm is used to calculate the ice coverage rate of the collected blade surface images. When the coverage rate is less than 1%, it is determined that the visual condition is met.

[0034] The present invention discloses a method for deicing wind turbine blades using electric heating using phase change materials. This method integrates environmental parameters, blade status, and phase change material performance data through an intelligent control algorithm to accurately determine the timing of electric heating intervention, avoid ineffective heating, maximize the latent heat storage properties of the phase change material, and significantly reduce overall energy consumption during the deicing process. A closed-loop control system, based on real-time deicing effect feedback, dynamically adjusts the electric heating power based on the progress of ice melting and blade temperature distribution, preventing local overheating or insufficient heating, thereby ensuring deicing efficiency while reducing energy waste. A hierarchical operating mode of "phase change material-based deicing + precise electric heating assistance" is employed, leveraging the advantages of the phase change material's continuous and stable heat release while enabling rapid response to extreme operating conditions through electric heating, forming a deicing mechanism with complementary advantages. A cyclic judgment mechanism ensures deicing integrity and avoids manual intervention errors. When residual ice is detected, the judgment process is automatically restarted, ensuring the continued safe operation of the wind turbine under complex meteorological conditions. Frequent starting and stopping of the electric heating system and prolonged high-power operation are reduced, reducing thermal stress fatigue in the heating element. Furthermore, the thermal insulation and protective effect of the phase change material layer slows the aging of the blade surface material.

[0035] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: This invention proposes a wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system and method based on phase change materials, aiming to utilize the characteristics of phase change materials to achieve precise control of blade temperature and efficient energy utilization. The system mainly includes: Phase change material layer: A layer of phase change material is coated on the surface of the blade. The material absorbs heat and melts within a specific temperature range, releasing latent heat to maintain the temperature of the blade stable and reduce the energy consumption of electric heating.

[0036] Electric Heating Assist System: When ambient temperatures are extremely low or blades are heavily iced, the electric heating film activates to rapidly raise blade temperature and accelerate ice melting. The electric heating film adheres tightly to the phase change material layer, ensuring efficient heat transfer.

[0037] Intelligent control system: Integrates temperature, humidity and wind speed sensors to monitor blade and environmental conditions in real time. Through intelligent algorithms, it determines whether the electric heating auxiliary system needs to be activated and adjusts the heating power to achieve intelligent control of the de-icing process.

[0038] Thermal management optimization: Utilize the latent heat properties of phase change materials to optimize thermal management strategies, reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and improve overall system energy efficiency.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change materials, characterized in that: The invention comprises a phase change material layer (2) provided on the surface (3) of the deicing area of ​​the blade, an electric heating auxiliary unit (1) provided on the phase change material layer (2); a sensor unit connected to an intelligent control unit provided on the blade; and the electric heating auxiliary unit (1) is connected to the intelligent control unit.

2. The wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric heating auxiliary unit (1) comprises an electric heating film, and the electric heating film is a flexible electric heating film.

3. The wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor unit includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and a vibration sensor.

4. The wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The phase change material layer (2) is an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material, a composite phase change material or a metallic phase change material.

5. The wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material layer (2) adopts a three-layer composite structure, which is composed of a heat conduction enhancement layer, a phase change material core layer and a protective layer in order from the contact surface with the blade.

6. The wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The thermal conductivity enhancement layer is aluminum foil micro-grooves; the phase change material core layer is lauric acid-silicon dioxide shaped phase change material; and the protective layer is carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin.

7. The wind turbine blade electric heating and deicing system based on phase change material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The depth of the aluminum foil micro-grooves is 0.1-0.3 mm; the thickness of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin is 0.1-0.2 mm.

8. A method for electrically heating and deicing wind turbine blades based on a phase change material system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Obtaining environmental parameters, blade status monitoring data and performance parameters of the phase change material layer (2), and determining whether electric heating assistance is required based on an intelligent control algorithm; If not, then only the phase change material layer (2) is used for de-icing; if so, the electric heating auxiliary unit (1) is activated; Acquiring environmental parameters and blade status monitoring data in real time, obtaining real-time feedback of deicing effects, and adjusting the power of the electric heating auxiliary unit (1) based on the deicing effects; Based on the deicing effect of the real-time feedback, it is determined whether deicing is completed. If so, the electric heating auxiliary unit (1) is turned off; if not, the process returns to the step of determining whether electric heating auxiliary is required based on the intelligent control algorithm and continues deicing.

9. The method for electrically heating and deicing wind turbine blades based on phase change materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The determination of whether de-icing is completed based on the de-icing effect of the real-time feedback is specifically as follows: De-icing is considered complete when the following three conditions are met: the temperature continues to exceed the melting point, the vibration spectrum is restored, and there is no visual ice residue.

10. The method for electrically heating and deicing wind turbine blades based on phase change materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The environmental parameters include ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall; the blade status monitoring data includes blade surface temperature distribution, real-time ice thickness and vibration spectrum data; the performance parameters of the phase change material layer (2) include phase change temperature range, latent heat value and current phase ratio.

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