Active fault pressurizable passive diastrophism simulation test device and active fault pressurizable passive diastrophism simulation test method

Abstract

The invention provides an active fault pressurizable passive dislocation simulation test device and method, and relates to the technical field. Comprising a vibration table, a movable truss base and a fixed truss base are fixedly arranged on the vibration table, a movable truss is arranged on the movable truss base, a fixed truss is arranged on the fixed truss base, the fixed truss and the movable truss are of shell structures which are adjacently arranged and are provided with openings in the top, and the faces, making contact with the movable truss, of the fixed truss and the movable truss are open. Side beams are arranged on the movable truss base and the fixed truss base respectively, the side beams make contact with the front side face and the rear side face of the movable truss or the fixed truss, a top beam is arranged on the tops of the side beams, and a vertical loading device is arranged on the top beam; a surrounding rock model is arranged in the shell structure, an upper frame is arranged on the tops of the movable truss and the fixed truss in a sliding mode, and the vertical loading device is used for loading vertical loads to the upper frame and the surrounding rock model. According to the invention, by considering the crustal stress state, the passive dislocation test of the active fault under the action of the seismic dynamic load can be carried out, and the visualization of the passive dislocation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of active fault simulation test, and in particular relates to a pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device and method for an active fault. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, demand for tunnel and underground engineering construction has increased significantly in areas prone to high-intensity earthquakes and densely populated active fault zones. This is particularly true for the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, which traverses areas prone to moderate-to-strong earthquakes and over ten deep and major active fault zones. Tunnels crossing active fault zones are highly susceptible to engineering disasters such as lining cracking, spalling, collapse, and dislocation under earthquakes, seriously threatening tunnel structural safety and impacting construction quality and costs.

[0003] Active faults (abbreviated as active faults) are faults that have been active since the late Quaternary and may continue to be active in the future. The damage caused by active faults to tunnels mainly includes three types: vibration damage, coseismic stick-slip damage, and creep-slip damage: (1) Vibration damage is tunnel damage caused purely by seismic waves. After an earthquake is induced by active fault movement, the tunnel structure is damaged as the surrounding rock deforms during the propagation of seismic waves and under the action of seismic inertia. Since the degree of structural damage caused by seismic inertia is relatively minor, it can usually be repaired after the earthquake. (2) Coseismic stick-slip failure refers to the situation where the active fault movement induces earthquake damage to the tunnel structure and accelerates the relative slip of the two sides of the fault. The fault slip drives the tunnel crossing the fault to move together. When the magnitude is large, the significant relative displacement of the rock mass on both sides of the fault often causes irreparable or even catastrophic damage to the tunnel project. (3) Creep-slip failure is equivalent to a pseudo-static loading process, where the accumulated displacement over the years is gradually applied to the lining. Tunnel failure is primarily caused by lining cracking, which occurs gradually with fault creep. Active fault coseismic stick-slip failure is more destructive to tunnel structures. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the rupture mechanism of the strata and the deformation and failure characteristics of tunnels under active fault coseismic stick-slip failure.

[0004] Currently, the main methods for simulating active fault dislocation are quasi-static fault dislocation simulation and seismic wave excitation. (1) Quasi-static fault dislocation simulation is an active dislocation for active faults. The active dislocation of the movable disk is achieved by setting a jack at the bottom of the movable disk model box, mainly simulating the creep dislocation failure of the tunnel; (2) Seismic wave excitation is a passive dislocation. The passive dislocation of the movable plate is achieved by placing the model box on a shaking table, mainly to simulate the co-seismic stick-slip dislocation failure of the tunnel.

[0005] The coseismic stick-slip motion of active faults can be simulated using a passive slip simulation test device. However, this device currently has the following shortcomings: (1) Passive slip simulation test devices are mostly designed as an integral model box. The rigid boundary of the model box limits the relative slip of the upper and lower plates under the action of vibration loads, resulting in a small amount of fault slip or even no slip. (2) The passive slip simulation test device lacks vertical active loading function and cannot simulate the coseismic stick-slip slip of the fault under the real ground stress state; (3) The integral model box is mostly made of opaque steel, which makes it impossible to directly observe the deformation and crack expansion at the fault; (4) Most passive slip simulation test devices only focus on achieving horizontal slip of the fault, but ignore the vertical slip of the fault. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device and method for active faults, which takes into account the ground stress state and can conduct passive dislocation tests of active faults under seismic loads, realize the visualization of passive dislocation, and solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: A first aspect of the present invention provides a pressurizable passive dislocation simulation test device for an active fault.

[0008] A pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device for an active fault comprises a vibration table, wherein the vibration table is respectively fixed with a movable frame base and a movably provided fixed frame base, the movable frame is provided on the movable frame base, and the fixed frame is provided on the fixed frame base, the fixed frame and the movable frame are adjacently arranged top-open shell structures, and the contact side of the fixed frame and the movable frame is open; the movable frame base and the fixed frame base are respectively provided with side beams, the side beams are in contact with the front and rear side surfaces of the movable frame or the fixed frame, the top of the side beams is provided with a top beam, and the top beam is provided with a vertical loading device; a surrounding rock model is provided inside the shell structure, and an upper frame is slidingly provided on the top of the movable frame and the fixed frame, and the vertical loading device is used to load vertical loads to the upper frame and the surrounding rock model.

[0009] Optionally, the movable frame includes a movable frame front frame, a movable frame side frame, a movable frame rear frame and a movable frame bottom plate, the movable frame front frame, the movable frame side frame and the movable frame rear frame enclose a first C-shaped structure, the movable frame bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the first C-shaped structure, the top of the first C-shaped structure is slidably provided with a movable frame upper frame, and the lower part of the movable frame upper frame is provided with a movable frame top plate; The fixed frame includes a fixed frame front frame, a fixed frame side frame, a fixed frame rear frame and a fixed frame bottom plate. The fixed frame front frame, the fixed frame side frame and the fixed frame rear frame form a second C-shaped structure. The fixed frame bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the second C-shaped structure. The top of the second C-shaped structure is slidably provided with a fixed frame upper frame, and the lower part of the fixed frame upper frame is provided with a fixed frame top plate.

[0010] Optionally, the movable frame front frame and the movable frame rear frame are respectively provided with movable frame front side panels and movable frame rear side panels near the opening, and the fixed frame front frame and the fixed frame rear frame are respectively provided with fixed frame front side panels and fixed frame rear side panels near the opening, the movable frame front side panels are adapted to the fixed frame front side panels, and the movable frame rear side panels are adapted to the fixed frame rear side panels; a plurality of positioning rods are provided between the movable frame front side panels and the fixed frame front side panels, and the movable frame rear side panels and the fixed frame rear side panels; the movable frame front side panels and the movable frame rear side panels, the fixed frame front side panels and the fixed frame rear side panels, the movable frame top panel, and the fixed frame top panel are all made of transparent materials.

[0011] Optionally, a first movable connection device is provided between the vibration table and the fixed frame base, the first movable connection device includes a first limiting device, a first top plate and a ball row, a rolling groove is provided in the first limiting device, the ball row is provided in the rolling groove, the ball row includes an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are fixed by bolts, holes are provided at corresponding positions of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, balls are provided in the holes at corresponding positions, and the balls are rolledly connected to the holes; the area of ​​the rolling groove is larger than the area of ​​the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate; the lower surface of the first top plate is in contact with the balls, the upper surface of the first top plate is connected to the fixed frame base, and the first limiting device is connected to the vibration table. Optionally, the diameter of the hole is smaller than the diameter of the ball, and the distance between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate is smaller than the diameter of the ball.

[0012] Optionally, the side beam includes two side beam bottom plates, two side beam columns, a side beam top plate and two side beam wing plates, the side beam top plate is arranged on the two side beam columns, the bottoms of the two side beam columns are respectively connected to the side beam bottom plates, the two side beam bottom plates are respectively connected to the upper part of the movable frame base or the fixed frame base, and the two side beam wing plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the side beam top plate; the two side beam columns are respectively in contact with the movable frame front frame and the movable frame rear frame, or the fixed frame front frame and the fixed frame rear frame.

[0013] Optionally, the vertical loading device includes a hydraulic power source, a cylinder, a guide rod, and a hydraulic pipeline. The cylinder is embedded in the top beam and connected to the hydraulic power source through a hydraulic pipeline. The protruding end of the cylinder is connected to the guide rod, and the guide rod is arranged on the top beam. The protruding end of the cylinder is connected to a sensor connecting plate, and the bottom of the sensor connecting plate is connected to a force sensor. The bottom of the force sensor is connected to a ball head, and the bottom of the ball head is connected to a ball seat. The protruding end of the cylinder drives the ball seat to contact the upper frame to apply load to the upper frame.

[0014] Optionally, a No. 1 positioning block and a No. 2 positioning block are respectively provided at corresponding positions of the movable frame side frame and the fixed frame side frame, a No. 1 ring beam channel steel and a No. 2 ring beam channel steel are respectively provided above the No. 1 positioning block and the No. 2 positioning block, a ring beam pull rod is provided between the No. 1 ring beam channel steel and the No. 2 ring beam channel steel, the ring beam pull rod is in contact with the side beam column, a pre-tightening spring is provided on the outside of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel, the pre-tightening spring is sleeved on the outside of the ring beam pull rod, a force sensor is provided on the outside of the No. 2 ring beam channel steel, and locking nuts are provided at both ends of the ring beam pull rod.

[0015] Optionally, a second movable connection device is provided between the first ring beam channel steel and the movable truss side frame, the second movable connection device includes a second limiting device, a second top plate and a ball row, the second limiting device is connected to the ring beam channel steel, and the second top plate is connected to the movable truss side frame; A positioning longitudinal plate is connected between the movable frame base and the fixed frame base, a positioning transverse plate is connected between the movable frame bottom plate and the fixed frame bottom plate, and the positioning transverse plate is connected to the positioning longitudinal plate.

[0016] A second aspect of the present invention provides a test method for simulating pressurized passive slip of an active fault.

[0017] A method for simulating pressurized passive dislocation of an active fault, comprising the following steps: The surrounding rock model is laid in layers within fixed and movable frames to a specified height. During the laying process, sensors are embedded in the designed positions in the surrounding rock model. After the tunnel model is prefabricated and the sensors are laid out, the tunnel model is placed in the designed position in the surrounding rock model. The sensor wires in the surrounding rock model and tunnel model are connected to the data acquisition device to build a pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device for active faults. Control the extended end of the oil cylinder to move downward, so that the ball seat contacts the upper frame of the fixed frame and the upper frame of the movable frame respectively; Remove the positioning rod; The surrounding rock model is loaded in stages. The next stage of loading can only be carried out after each stage of loading reaches the design value and remains stable. When the staged loading of the surrounding rock model reaches the final design value and remains stable, the loading is stopped and the ball seat is kept stable at the position where the final loading ends. During the graded loading process, if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is greater than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod, causing cracks to form between the fixed and movable crossbars, tighten the pre-tightening nut of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel; if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is less than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod, causing the fixed and movable crossbars to be too tightly spliced, loosen the pre-tightening nut of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel; The dynamic load is input to the vibration table, and the axial compression loading device remains stable during the vibration process, and the data output by the sensors in the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model during the passive dislocation process are collected and recorded in real time. One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects: (1) It has the function of vertical active loading. During vertical loading, the model box boundary can provide a supporting reaction force to simulate the ground stress state at different depths of the fault, and can also be loaded vertically stably during the dynamic load process. After the stress in the formation model reaches the design value and remains stable, if the axial pressure is removed, a tensile fault can be simulated; if the axial pressure is not removed, a compression-torsion fault can be simulated.

[0018] (2) It has the function of horizontal passive displacement. The model box of the simulation test device consists of a movable frame and a fixed frame. The bottom of the movable frame is connected to the vibration table with bolts, and the movable frame can move indiscriminately with the vibration table. A ball row structure is set between the bottom of the fixed frame and the vibration table. This structure can minimize the friction between the fixed frame and the vibration table, so that the fixed frame is stationary relative to the vibration table (i.e., the movable frame). The fixed frame and the movable frame are in contact within the thickness plane of the front and rear side plates, the top plate, and the bottom plate. When the horizontal dynamic load output by the vibration table exceeds the friction resistance of the fault model, horizontal relative displacement can occur, and the maximum horizontal displacement is the thickness of the two side plates.

[0019] (3) It has the function of vertical passive displacement. When the vibration table outputs vertical dynamic load, the movable frame can move vertically without difference with the vibration table, and a ball row structure is set between the fixed frame and the vibration table. When the vertical dynamic load on the vibration table is transmitted to the fixed frame above, it will be relatively reduced. The vibration amplitude of the fixed frame is smaller than the vibration amplitude of the movable frame directly fixed to the vibration table by bolts. Vertical relative displacement occurs between the fixed frame and the movable frame, and the maximum vertical displacement is the thickness of the top and bottom plates.

[0020] (4) A ball bearing structure is set on one side of the movable frame. The movable frame is directly bolted to the vibration table and vibrates indiscriminately following the vibration table. The vibration of the movable frame may be transmitted to the fixed frame. In order to reduce the vibration of the movable frame transmitted to the fixed frame, a ball bearing structure is set on one side of the movable frame to make the vibration difference between the two as large as possible.

[0021] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic side view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic top view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a front view schematic diagram of a first movable connection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a front view schematic diagram of a second articulating mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the contact between the ball and the clamping plate of the first movable connection device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows: 1-guide rod, 2-oil cylinder, 3-top beam, 4-side beam top plate, 5-front flange, 6-side beam wing plate, 7-side beam column, 8-movable front frame, 9-first top plate, 10-ball, 11-first limit device, 12-locking nut, 13-preload spring, 1401-No. 1 ring beam channel steel, 1402-No. 2 ring beam channel steel, 1501-No. 1 positioning block, 1502-No. 2 positioning block, 16-movable bottom plate, 17-movable base, 18-side beam bottom plate, 19-positioning longitudinal plate, 20-positioning transverse plate, 21-fixed base, 22-fixed bottom plate, 23-ring beam pull rod, 24- Force sensor, 25-fixed frame front, 26-movable frame front side plate, 27-fixed frame front side plate, 28-positioning rod, 29-sensor connecting plate, 30-ball head, 31-ball seat, 32-movable frame side, 33-movable frame rear, 34-lower clamping plate, 35-movable frame rear side, 36-movable frame upper, 37-fixed frame side, 38-fixed frame upper, 39-fixed frame rear side, 40-fixed frame rear, 41-movable frame top, 42-fixed frame top; 43-upper clamping plate, 44-bolt, 45-rolling groove, 46-second limit device, 47-second top plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are for describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0033] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0034] The overall idea proposed by the present invention is: This invention proposes a test device and method for simulating the passive displacement of active faults under pressure. The device's model box adopts a segmented design, consisting of fixed and movable frames. The two frames can be spliced ​​at a certain angle, and this angle can be adjusted according to the simulated fault inclination. Used in conjunction with a vibration table, the two frames can undergo horizontal and vertical displacement under vibration loads, either separately or simultaneously. The maximum horizontal and vertical displacement does not exceed the thickness of the front and rear side panels and top and bottom panels of the two frames, respectively. The maximum displacement can be adjusted according to the coseismic stick-slip displacement of the simulated fault. Axial compression loading devices are installed on the top of the two model boxes respectively. Before the vibration load acts, the surrounding rock models in the two model boxes can be loaded in stages to make the stress in the surrounding rock model reach the design value, simulating the ground stress state of the surrounding rock at the depth of the tunnel. In addition, during the action of the vibration load, the axial compression loading device can also stabilize the stress in the surrounding rock model at the design value level, without being disturbed by dynamic loads and horizontal and vertical displacements.

[0035] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a pressurizable passive dislocation simulation test device for an active fault.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device for active faults includes a vibration table, on which a movable frame base 17 and a fixed frame base 21 are fixedly provided, the movable frame base 17 is provided with a movable frame, and the fixed frame base 21 is provided with a fixed frame, the fixed frame and the movable frame are adjacently arranged top-open shell structures, and the contact side of the fixed frame and the movable frame is open; the movable frame base 17 and the fixed frame base 21 are respectively provided with side beams, the side beams are in contact with the front and rear side surfaces of the movable frame or the fixed frame, the top of the side beams is provided with a top beam 3, and the top beam 3 is provided with a vertical loading device; a surrounding rock model is provided inside the shell structure, and an upper frame is slidingly provided on the top of the movable frame and the fixed frame, and the vertical loading device is used to load vertical loads to the upper frame and the surrounding rock model.

[0037] Furthermore, the movable frame includes a movable frame front frame 8, a movable frame side frame 32, a movable frame rear frame 33 and a movable frame bottom plate 16. The movable frame front frame 8, the movable frame side frame 32 and the movable frame rear frame 33 enclose a first C-shaped structure. The movable frame bottom plate 16 is arranged at the bottom of the first C-shaped structure. The top of the first C-shaped structure is slidably provided with a movable frame upper frame 36. The lower part of the movable frame upper frame 36 is provided with a movable frame top plate 41. The fixed frame includes a fixed frame front frame 25, a fixed frame side frame 37, a fixed frame rear frame 40 and a fixed frame bottom plate 22. The fixed frame front frame 25, the fixed frame side frame 37 and the fixed frame rear frame 40 form a second C-shaped structure. The fixed frame bottom plate 22 is arranged at the bottom of the second C-shaped structure. The top of the second C-shaped structure is slidably provided with a fixed frame upper frame 38, and the lower part of the fixed frame upper frame 38 is provided with a fixed frame top plate 42.

[0038] The movable front frame 8 and the movable rear frame 33 are respectively provided with a movable front side plate 26 and a movable rear side plate 35 near the opening, and the fixed front frame 25 and the fixed rear frame 40 are respectively provided with a fixed front side plate 27 and a fixed rear side plate 39 near the opening. The movable front side plate 26 and the fixed front side plate 27 are adapted to each other, and the movable rear side plate Plate 35 and the fixed frame rear side plate 39 are adapted to each other; a plurality of positioning rods 28 are provided between the movable frame front side plate 26 and the fixed frame front side plate 27, and the movable frame rear side plate 35 and the fixed frame rear side plate 39; the movable frame front side plate 26 and the movable frame rear side plate 35, the fixed frame front side plate 27 and the fixed frame rear side plate 39, the movable frame top plate 41 and the fixed frame top plate 42 are all made of transparent materials.

[0039] The simulation test device for pressurized passive displacement of active faults in this embodiment includes a model box, an axial pressure loading device, a top beam 3, side beams, a base, a ring beam, and a structure with 10 rows of balls.

[0040] The model box mainly consists of two parts: a movable frame and a fixed frame. Both the fixed frame and the movable frame are composed of a front frame, a rear frame, a side frame, a front side plate, a rear side plate, an upper frame, a top plate and a bottom plate. (1) The front frame, rear frame and side frame adopt a grid plate structure, which is welded by steel plates and steel grids; (2) The front side panels, rear side panels and top panels are made of high-strength, transparent endurance panels. When a fault model is set at the joint of two panels where horizontal and vertical displacement occurs, the horizontal and vertical passive displacement of the fault model and its deformation and damage can be captured by means such as high-speed photography; (3) The front frame and the rear frame are provided with front side plates and rear side plates on the inner side of the steel plates, respectively. The front frame, the front side plates and the rear frame, the rear side plates are connected by bolts 44, respectively. The frame and the side plates together bear the lateral stress generated by the Poisson effect under the vertical load of the surrounding rock model. (4) The inner side of the side frame steel plate is in direct contact with the surrounding rock model and can withstand the lateral stress generated by the surrounding rock model; (5) The upper frame is a steel grid structure with no steel plate inside, which is in direct contact with the roof below. The upper frame directly bears the vertical load applied by the axial compression loading device and transfers the vertical load to the roof below and the surrounding rock model in sequence; (6) A sensor wire hole is reserved on the top plate to facilitate the connection of the sensor wire in the surrounding rock model box to the data acquisition device; (7) The bottom plate is made of steel and can withstand the gravity and vertical load of the surrounding rock model and tunnel model above.

[0041] The front, rear, and side frames are connected by bolts 44 to form a C-shaped structure. To accommodate the vertical loading stroke of the oil cylinder 2, the upper frame is not connected to these three frame bolts 44. The lateral stress generated by the surrounding rock model can easily cause relative displacement of the C-shaped structure formed by these three frame bolts 44 at the open end. Therefore, a crossbeam is required at this open end to prevent the front and rear frames from tilting outward. The grille and steel grating are designed to reduce weight while maintaining the rigidity of the two model boxes.

[0042] In order to realize a movable connection between the vibration table and the fixed frame base 21, the movement between the movable frame base 17 and the fixed frame base 21 is made asynchronous, so as to facilitate the misalignment between the fixed frame and the movable frame connected thereon, a first movable connection device is provided between the vibration table and the fixed frame base 21, the first movable connection device includes a first limiting device 11, a first top plate 9 and a row of balls 10, a rolling groove 45 is provided in the first limiting device 11, the row of balls 10 is provided in the rolling groove 45, the row of balls 10 includes an upper clamping plate 43 and a lower clamping plate 34, the upper clamping plate 43 and the lower clamping plate 34 are fixed by bolts 44, holes are provided at corresponding positions of the upper clamping plate 43 and the lower clamping plate 34, a ball 10 is provided in the hole at the corresponding position; the ball 10 and the hole are in a rolling connection.

[0043] The area of ​​the rolling groove 45 is larger than the area of ​​the upper clamping plate 43 and the lower clamping plate 34; the lower surface of the first top plate 9 is in contact with the ball 10, the upper surface of the first top plate 9 is connected to the fixed frame base 21, and the first limit device 11 is connected to the vibration table. The diameter of the hole is smaller than the diameter of the ball 10 , and the distance between the upper clamping plate 43 and the lower clamping plate 34 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 10 .

[0044] The structure of the ball row 10 mainly includes a top plate, balls 10, and a limiting device. This structure is arranged below the fixed frame base 21 and inside the movable frame ring beam channel. The top plate of the ball row 10 is connected to the fixed frame base 21 and the movable frame side frame 32 by bolts 44, respectively. The top plate of the ball row 10 is in direct contact with the balls 10. The balls 10 are clamped by two plywood plates of equal area. The spacing between the plywood plates is less than the diameter of the balls 10. The two plywood plates are connected by bolts 44. The balls 10 and the plywood plates are in contact with only four points. The balls 10 can easily overcome the friction caused by the point contact and roll. The balls 10 can maintain their initial distribution density and spacing when rolling.

[0045] The limiter is connected to the vibrating table and the ring beam channel steel bolts 44 at the movable beam. The height of the groove in the limiter is flush with the surface of the clamping plate farther away from the groove, and the groove area is larger than the clamping plate area. The clamping plate can only move as far as the groove, so the ball 10 can only roll within the area within the groove. When the clamping plate's movement is restricted by the groove, the ball 10 can still overcome the friction between it and the clamping plate and roll.

[0046] The loads borne by the balls 10 must be considered when they are laid out. Since the top plate of the ball 10 row is connected to the fixed frame base 21 by bolts 44, the top plate of the ball 10 row is in direct contact with the balls 10, so the balls 10 need to bear the force above the fixed frame base 21; similarly, the limit device is connected to the ring beam channel steel bolts 44 at the movable frame, and the limit device is in direct contact with the balls 10, so the balls 10 need to bear the axial force of the ring beam tie rod 23. Based on the loads that the balls 10 need to bear at the fixed frame base 21 and the movable frame ring beam channel steel and the ultimate bearing capacity of the balls 10, the required number of balls 10 is calculated, and in accordance with the principle of uniform force on the balls 10, the balls 10 are evenly laid out with the midpoint of the rolling groove surface as the center. The spacing between the ball 10 splint and the rolling groove is reserved according to the co-seismic stick-slip horizontal displacement of the simulated fault.

[0047] The side beam includes two side beam bottom plates 18, two side beam columns 7, a side beam top plate 4 and two side beam wing plates 6. The side beam top plate 4 is arranged on the two side beam columns 7. The bottoms of the two side beam columns 7 are respectively connected to the side beam bottom plates 18. The two side beam bottom plates 18 are respectively connected to the upper part of the movable frame base 17 or the fixed frame base 21. The two side beam wing plates 6 are respectively arranged on both sides of the side beam top plate 4; the two side beam columns 7 are respectively in contact with the movable frame front frame 8 and the movable frame rear frame 33, or the fixed frame front frame 25 and the fixed frame rear frame 40.

[0048] The top beam 3, side beams and base are all made of steel. The oil cylinder 2 of the vertical loading device is installed on the lower surface of the top beam 3 using a front flange, and the main part of the oil cylinder 2 is embedded in the top beam 3, which can reduce the overall height of the device and prevent the device from tilting under the action of vibration load due to being too high. The side beam is welded by four parts: the top plate, the column, the wing plate and the bottom plate. The side beam column 7 is in direct contact with the front and rear frames of the two model boxes, which can assist the front and rear frames and their side plates to form a whole to jointly bear the lateral stress generated by the surrounding rock model. The base is connected to the bottom plate bolts 44 of the model box to jointly bear the gravity and vertical load of the model box and the surrounding rock model. The top beam 3 and the base are respectively connected to the side beam bolts 44 to form a force closed loop, providing a reliable reaction force for the axial pressure loading device and providing reliable support for the model box.

[0049] The vertical loading device includes a hydraulic power source, a cylinder 2, a guide rod 1, and a hydraulic pipeline. The cylinder 2 is embedded in the top beam 3 and connected to the hydraulic power source through a hydraulic pipeline. The protruding end of the cylinder 2 is connected to the guide rod 1, and the guide rod 1 is arranged on the top beam 3. The protruding end of the cylinder 2 is connected to a sensor connecting disk 29, and the bottom of the sensor connecting disk 29 is connected to a force sensor 24. The bottom of the force sensor 24 is connected to a ball head 30, and the bottom of the ball head 30 is connected to a ball seat 31. The protruding end of the cylinder 2 drives the ball seat 31 to contact the upper frame to apply load to the upper frame.

[0050] The vertical loading device in this embodiment mainly includes a hydraulic power source, an oil cylinder 2, a guide rod 1 of the oil cylinder 2, a hydraulic pipeline, a servo motor valve group, a servo control system and a control cabinet, etc. (1) The hydraulic power source is the power source of the axial pressure loading device and should have sufficient source power to make the stress of the surrounding rock model in the two model boxes reach the design value; (2) Cylinder 2 is the terminal of the axial pressure loading device that applies vertical load to the surrounding rock model, and has two loading control modes: constant displacement and constant force; (3) During vertical loading, when the ball seat 31 of the cylinder 2 contacts the surface of the upper frame at a certain angle, the ball head 30 can automatically correct the deviation to prevent the loading stroke of the cylinder 2 from deviating; the guide rod 1 of the cylinder 2 can prevent the cylinder 2 from rotating during vertical displacement, avoiding torque on the contact surface between the cylinder 2 and the upper frame; (4) The hydraulic pipeline uses a servo motor valve group to control the oil inlet and outlet of cylinder 2 respectively, which can smoothly connect the control cabinet and cylinder 2. Hydraulic pipelines are set on the fixed frame and the movable frame respectively to prevent the two top plates from being dislocated in the process of graded loading; (5) The servo motor valve group can receive computer instructions to control the output of fluid power sources such as air pressure, flow and hydraulic pressure, and realize precise control of the oil flow in and out of the hydraulic pipeline; (6) The servo control system can control the operation of the servo motor valve group. The operating software it carries has an industrial screen display function and is integrated on the surface of the control cabinet. It also has a computer synchronization display function. The loading parameters can be adjusted on the industrial screen or computer according to actual conditions.

[0051] (7) The hydraulic power source, servo motor valve group and servo control system are integrated in the control cabinet. The hydraulic pipeline is connected from the hydraulic power source in the control cabinet to the oil cylinder 2. The control cabinet adopts a mobile design to facilitate movement and transportation.

[0052] A No. 1 positioning block 1501 and a No. 2 positioning block 1502 are respectively provided at corresponding positions of the movable frame side frame 32 and the fixed frame side frame 37. A No. 1 ring beam channel steel 1401 and a No. 2 ring beam channel steel 1402 are respectively provided above the No. 1 positioning block 1501 and the No. 2 positioning block 1502. A ring beam pull rod 23 is provided between the No. 1 ring beam channel steel 1401 and the No. 2 ring beam channel steel 1402. The ring beam pull rod 23 is in contact with the side beam column 7. A pre-tightening spring 13 is provided on the outside of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel 1401. The pre-tightening spring 13 is sleeved on the outside of the ring beam pull rod 23. A force sensor 24 is provided on the outside of the No. 2 ring beam channel steel 1402. Locking nuts 12 are respectively provided at both ends of the ring beam pull rod 23.

[0053] A second movable connection device is provided between the No. 1 ring beam channel steel and the movable frame side frame 32. The second movable connection device includes a second limiting device 46, a second top plate 47 and a row of balls 10. The second limiting device 46 is connected to the ring beam channel steel, and the second top plate 47 is connected to the movable frame side frame 32.

[0054] The ring beam is composed of ring beam channel steel, ring beam tie rod 23, preload nut, preload spring 13 and load cell 24. The ring beam channel steel is placed on the positioning block of the model box side frame and is connected into a force closed loop by tie rod, preload spring 13 and preload nut.

[0055] During the vertical load graded loading process, when the lateral stress gradually increases and a gap appears between the two models, the pre-tightening nut can be rotated to force the pre-tightening spring 13 to contract, so that the two model boxes can be re-contacted; in order to prevent the two model boxes from being in too close contact and unable to produce horizontal and vertical displacement under the action of vibration load, a force sensor 24 is arranged to monitor the axial force of the tie rod in real time, and an earth pressure box is arranged in the surrounding rock model to monitor its lateral stress in real time. By rotating the pre-tightening nut, the pre-tightening spring 13 is forced to compress or stretch to adjust the axial force of the tie rod so that it is equal to the lateral stress of the surrounding rock model.

[0056] A positioning longitudinal plate 19 is connected between the movable frame base 17 and the fixed frame base 21 , a positioning transverse plate 20 is connected between the movable frame bottom plate 16 and the fixed frame bottom plate 22 , and the positioning transverse plate 20 is connected to the positioning longitudinal plate 19 .

[0057] When used in conjunction with a vibration table, the device's fundamental frequency must be kept away from the fundamental frequencies of the device and surrounding rock model to avoid resonance. Furthermore, the device's damping must be lower than the damping of the device and surrounding rock model, with the damping of the device and surrounding rock model taking precedence. The device's damping should not significantly affect the vibration of the device and surrounding rock model. The combined weight of the device and surrounding rock model must be less than the maximum load of the vibration table, and the horizontal offset between the two frames must be less than the maximum horizontal displacement of the vibration table.

[0058] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a test method for simulating pressurized passive dislocation of an active fault.

[0059] A method for simulating pressurized passive dislocation of an active fault, comprising the following steps: The surrounding rock model is laid in layers within fixed and movable frames to a specified height. During the laying process, sensors are embedded in the designed positions in the surrounding rock model. After the tunnel model is prefabricated and the sensors are laid out, the tunnel model is placed in the designed position in the surrounding rock model. The sensor wires in the surrounding rock model and tunnel model are connected to the data acquisition device to build a pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device for active faults. The extended end of the control cylinder 2 moves downward, so that the ball seat 31 contacts the fixed frame 38 and the movable frame 36 respectively; Remove the positioning rod 28; The surrounding rock model is loaded in stages. Each stage of loading reaches the design value and remains stable before the next stage of loading can be performed. When the staged loading of the surrounding rock model reaches the final design value and remains stable, the loading is stopped and the ball seat 31 is kept stable at the position where the final loading ends. During the graded loading process, if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is greater than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod 23, causing cracks to form between the fixed and movable crossbars, tighten the pre-tightening nut of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel 1401; if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is less than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod 23, causing the fixed and movable crossbars to be too tight, loosen the pre-tightening nut of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel 1401; The dynamic load is input to the vibration table, and the axial compression loading device remains stable during the vibration process, and the data output by the sensors in the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model during the passive dislocation process are collected and recorded in real time.

[0060] More specifically, they include: Step 1: Connect the movable frame base 17, the limit device under the fixed frame and the vibration table bolt 44, place the ball 10 and the top plate of the ball 10 row in the rolling groove of the limit device in sequence, and connect the top plate of the ball 10 row to the fixed frame base 21 bolt 44; Step 2: Connect the positioning longitudinal plate 19 to the movable and fixed frame bases 21 with bolts 44 to ensure that the upper surfaces of the two frame bases are at the same height; Step 3: Connect the two bottom plates with their base bolts 44, and connect the positioning horizontal plate 20 with the positioning vertical plate 19 bolts 44 below the contact point of the two bottom plates to ensure that the upper surfaces of the two bottom plates are at the same height; Step 4: After the two bottom plates are leveled, connect the bottom plates, front frame, rear frame and side frames with bolts 44, and connect the front side plates and rear side plates with bolts 44, respectively. After the two front side plates and rear side plates are spliced ​​at the same angle, insert the positioning rods 28 and fix them with bolts 44 at both ends to ensure that the two front side plates and rear side plates are on the same side. Step 5: Place the four side beams in contact with the two front and rear frames, and connect them to the base bolts 44 respectively; Step 6: Connect the front flange 5 of the oil cylinder 2 of the axial pressure loading device to the lower surface of the top beam 3 with bolts 44, and at the same time pass the positioning rod 28 through the reserved hole set for it in the top beam 3; Step 7: Connect the top beam 3 with the side beam bolts 44 after the oil cylinder 2 and the positioning rod 28 are installed, and connect the hydraulic pipeline between the oil cylinder 2 and the control cabinet, and debug the axial pressure loading device; Step 8: Connect the positioning blocks to the two side frame bolts 44, and place the two ring beam channel steels on one side of the fixed frame on the positioning blocks; Step 9: Connect the two ring beam channel steels on one side of the movable truss with the limit device bolts 44, and connect the top plate of the ball bearing row 10 with the side frame 32 of the movable truss with bolts 44; Step 10: Place the ring beam channel steel connected to the limit device with bolts 44 on the positioning block, and clamp the ball 10 between the limit device and the top plate of the ball 10 row; Step 11: Pass the ring beam tie rod 23 through the reserved holes of the two ring beam channel steels. Install the force sensor 24 on the outer side of the ring beam channel steel on the fixed side of the ring beam tie rod 23 and lock it with a pre-tightening nut. Install the pre-tightening spring 13 on the outer side of the ring beam channel steel on the movable side and lock it with a pre-tightening nut. Step 12: Lay the surrounding rock model in layers within the two model boxes. During the laying process, embed various sensors in the designed locations within the surrounding rock model. Prefabricate the tunnel model, lay out the sensors, and then place them in the designed locations within the surrounding rock model. Step 13: After laying the surrounding rock model to the specified height, lay two model box top plates on the surrounding rock model, and pass the sensor wires in the surrounding rock model and tunnel model through the reserved holes on the top plates and connect them to the data acquisition device; Step 14: Lay the upper frame on the top plate, and control the oil cylinder 2 to move downward so that the ball seat 31 contacts the upper frame; Step 15: Remove the positioning rod 28 and the positioning plate; Step 16: Load the surrounding rock model in stages. Each stage of loading reaches the design value and remains stable before loading the next stage. When the staged loading of the surrounding rock model reaches the final design value and remains stable, loading is stopped, and the ball seat 31 is kept stable at the position where the final loading ends. Step 17: During the graded loading process, if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is greater than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod 23, causing a crack between the two model boxes, tighten the pre-tightening nut of the ring beam on the movable side; if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is less than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod 23, causing the two model boxes to be spliced ​​too tightly, loosen the pre-tightening nut of the ring beam on the movable side; Step 18: Input dynamic load to the vibration table. The axial pressure loading device remains stable during the vibration process. The data output by the sensors in the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model during the passive dislocation process are collected and recorded in real time.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using a general-purpose computer device. Alternatively, they can be implemented using program code executable by a computing device, which can then be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. Alternatively, they can be fabricated into separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0062] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without any creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device for active faults, characterized in that: It includes a vibration table, on which a movable frame base and a fixed frame base are fixedly provided, the movable frame is provided on the movable frame base, and the fixed frame is provided on the fixed frame base. The fixed frame and the movable frame are adjacently arranged top-open shell structures, and the contact side of the fixed frame and the movable frame is open; the movable frame base and the fixed frame base are respectively provided with side beams, and the side beams are in contact with the front and rear side surfaces of the movable frame or the fixed frame, and a top beam is provided on the top of the side beam, and a vertical loading device is provided on the top beam; a surrounding rock model is provided inside the shell structure, and an upper frame is slidingly provided on the top of the movable frame and the fixed frame, and the vertical loading device is used to load vertical loads to the upper frame and the surrounding rock model.

2. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable frame includes a movable frame front frame, a movable frame side frame, a movable frame rear frame and a movable frame bottom plate. The movable frame front frame, the movable frame side frame and the movable frame rear frame enclose a first C-shaped structure. The movable frame bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the first C-shaped structure. The movable frame upper frame is slidably arranged on the top of the first C-shaped structure. The movable frame top plate is arranged at the lower part of the movable frame upper frame. The fixed frame includes a fixed frame front frame, a fixed frame side frame, a fixed frame rear frame and a fixed frame bottom plate. The fixed frame front frame, the fixed frame side frame and the fixed frame rear frame form a second C-shaped structure. The fixed frame bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the second C-shaped structure. The top of the second C-shaped structure is slidably provided with a fixed frame upper frame, and the lower part of the fixed frame upper frame is provided with a fixed frame top plate.

3. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The movable frame front frame and the movable frame rear frame are respectively provided with movable frame front side panels and movable frame rear side panels near the opening, and the fixed frame front frame and the fixed frame rear frame are respectively provided with fixed frame front side panels and fixed frame rear side panels near the opening, the movable frame front side panels are adapted to the fixed frame front side panels, and the movable frame rear side panels are adapted to the fixed frame rear side panels; a plurality of positioning rods are provided between the movable frame front side panels and the fixed frame front side panels, and the movable frame rear side panels and the fixed frame rear side panels; the movable frame front side panels and the movable frame rear side panels, the fixed frame front side panels and the fixed frame rear side panels, the movable frame top panel and the fixed frame top panel are all made of transparent materials.

4. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first movable connection device is provided between the vibration table and the fixed frame base, the first movable connection device includes a first limiting device, a first top plate and a ball row, a rolling groove is provided in the first limiting device, the ball row is provided in the rolling groove, the ball row includes an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are fixed by bolts, holes are provided at corresponding positions of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, balls are provided in the holes at corresponding positions, and the balls and the holes are rollingly connected; the area of ​​the rolling groove is larger than the area of ​​the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate; the lower surface of the first top plate is in contact with the balls, the upper surface of the first top plate is connected to the fixed frame base, and the first limiting device is connected to the vibration table.

5. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the hole is smaller than the diameter of the ball, and the distance between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate is smaller than the diameter of the ball.

6. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side beam includes two side beam bottom plates, two side beam columns, a side beam top plate and two side beam wing plates. The side beam top plate is arranged on the two side beam columns. The bottoms of the two side beam columns are respectively connected to the side beam bottom plates. The two side beam bottom plates are respectively connected to the upper part of the movable frame base or the fixed frame base. The two side beam wing plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the side beam top plate; the two side beam columns are respectively in contact with the movable frame front frame and the movable frame rear frame, or the fixed frame front frame and the fixed frame rear frame.

7. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical loading device includes a hydraulic power source, an oil cylinder, a guide rod, and a hydraulic pipeline. The oil cylinder is embedded in the top beam and connected to the hydraulic power source through a hydraulic pipeline. The protruding end of the oil cylinder is connected to the guide rod, and the guide rod is arranged on the top beam. The protruding end of the oil cylinder is connected to a sensor connecting disk, and the bottom of the sensor connecting disk is connected to a force sensor. The bottom of the force sensor is connected to a ball head, and the bottom of the ball head is connected to a ball seat. The protruding end of the oil cylinder drives the ball seat to contact the upper frame to apply load to the upper frame.

8. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A No. 1 positioning block and a No. 2 positioning block are respectively provided at corresponding positions of the movable frame side frame and the fixed frame side frame, and a No. 1 ring beam channel steel and a No. 2 ring beam channel steel are respectively provided above the No. 1 positioning block and the No. 2 positioning block, a ring beam pull rod is provided between the No. 1 ring beam channel steel and the No. 2 ring beam channel steel, and the ring beam pull rod is in contact with the side beam column, a pre-tightening spring is provided on the outside of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel, and the pre-tightening spring is sleeved on the outside of the ring beam pull rod, a force sensor is provided on the outside of the No. 2 ring beam channel steel, and locking nuts are provided at both ends of the ring beam pull rod.

9. The active fault pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second movable connection device is provided between the first ring beam channel steel and the movable truss side frame, the second movable connection device comprising a second limiting device, a second top plate and a ball row, the second limiting device is connected to the ring beam channel steel, and the second top plate is connected to the movable truss side frame; A positioning longitudinal plate is connected between the movable frame base and the fixed frame base, a positioning transverse plate is connected between the movable frame bottom plate and the fixed frame bottom plate, and the positioning transverse plate is connected to the positioning longitudinal plate.

10. A method for simulating pressurized passive dislocation of an active fault, characterized by: The following steps are involved: The surrounding rock model is laid in layers within fixed and movable frames to a specified height. During the laying process, sensors are embedded in the designed positions in the surrounding rock model. After the tunnel model is prefabricated and the sensors are laid out, the tunnel model is placed in the designed position in the surrounding rock model. The sensor wires in the surrounding rock model and tunnel model are connected to the data acquisition device to build a pressurized passive dislocation simulation test device for active faults. Control the extended end of the oil cylinder to move downward, so that the ball seat contacts the upper frame of the fixed frame and the upper frame of the movable frame respectively; Remove the positioning rod; The surrounding rock model is loaded in stages. The next stage of loading can only be carried out after each stage of loading reaches the design value and remains stable. When the staged loading of the surrounding rock model reaches the final design value and remains stable, the loading is stopped and the ball seat is kept stable at the position where the final loading ends. During the graded loading process, if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is greater than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod, causing cracks to form between the fixed and movable crossbars, tighten the pre-tightening nut of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel; if the lateral stress in the surrounding rock model is less than the axial force of the ring beam tie rod, causing the fixed and movable crossbars to be too tightly spliced, loosen the pre-tightening nut of the No. 1 ring beam channel steel; The dynamic load is input to the vibration table, and the axial compression loading device remains stable during the vibration process, and the data output by the sensors in the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model during the passive dislocation process are collected and recorded in real time.

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