37 results about "Active fault" patented technology

The invention discloses a real-time fracture characteristic parameter estimation method based on active fault data, and belongs to the technical field of earthquake early warning. The method comprises the steps of receiving and processing strong vibration data in real time; carrying out identification and binarization processing on a fracture near-field area of the observation seismic oscillation field; constructing a general fault fracture template library; dynamically generating a specific fault fracture template library in real time; virtual stations are introduced into a station network sparse area and an edge area, and an observation blind area is complemented through weighted fusion of an actual observation value and a GMPE predicted value; performing correlation matching on the real-time strong vibration observation data and a fault fracture template, and searching an optimal template; and outputting the current fault fracture characteristic parameters based on the optimal matching template. According to the method, the existing active fault database is adopted to dynamically generate the fracture template to process the known fault fracture caused by the active fault, and the universal template is utilized to process the unknown and hidden fault fractures, so that the accuracy of real-time estimation of the seismic motion field in the great earthquake fracture process is remarkably improved.

The application discloses a kind of based on spatial intelligence's active fault three-dimensional model automatic construction method, belong to geological exploration and earthquake engineering technical field;Method includes: collection data, analysis and extract minimum complete subdirectory;Through adaptive threshold hierarchical clustering combined with improved RANSAC algorithm, the exclusive small earthquake cluster of each fault is automatically identified;Based on local weighted regression, three-dimensional automatic slice is made to small earthquake cluster, and each profile fault interpretation line is fitted by moving least square method;Finally, active fault three-dimensional fine model is constructed;Test model rationality and output model file;The application realizes the automation, quantification of fault modeling whole process, can be fused multi-source data and realize multi-element constraint modeling, adapt complex fault zone modeling, and the fine three-dimensional model constructed can provide key data support for fault present-day deformation inversion, three-dimensional potential source research, earthquake geological disaster assessment, with higher engineering application value.

The application discloses a tunnel co-seismic stick-slip faulting test device and method, which comprises a profile steel outer frame, a model box arranged in the profile steel outer frame, an elastic energy storage device and a trigger-energy release device connecting the upper part of the model box and the profile steel outer frame, a model box base supporting the model box, a vibration table connected with the profile steel outer frame and the bottom of the model box base, and an actuator arranged at the bottom of the model box and supported by the model box base. The model box comprises an upper disc box and a lower disc box, and the upper disc box and the lower disc box are arranged in left-right adhesion, and the adhesion surface is a faulting surface. The elastic energy storage device, the trigger-energy release device and the actuator are arranged on the same side of the faulting surface. The application can simulate the tunnel co-seismic stick-slip faulting test considering the impact effect and a large number of stick-slip rates, restore the whole process of the tunnel earthquake and the stick-slip faulting in the earthquake, and thus reveal the earthquake-stick-slip faulting response damage mechanism, so as to provide support for the anti-fault and shock resistance of the tunnel crossing the active fault.

The present application belongs to geological exploration technical field, disclose a kind of active fault positioning survey device, the rock in the cutting line needs to be removed in existing survey device, but the prior art uses manual mode, need to be chiseled in different positions, and in use process, it is inevitable to produce flying splinter, there is inconvenience in use, the technical scheme of the present application example, including protection box, the bottom surface opening of protection box, the two sides of protection box are fixedly installed with fixed device, four L-shaped inserts are provided in protection box, adjusting device for moving insert is provided in protection box, breaking device is provided in protection box, moving device for moving breaking device is provided in protection box, the protection box of the present application is provided, can avoid splinter in the process of rock breaking, secondly, through insert and fixed device, the positioning and fixing of protection box can be carried out, finally breaking device can be broken by moving device.

The application provides a tunnel anti-faulting lining joint crossing a live fault and a construction method, and the lining joint comprises: a primary lining layer; an elastic pad plate, which is located at a live fault of a tunnel and is correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the primary lining layer, the elastic pad plate comprises an inner pad plate and an outer pad plate, and an elastic piece is arranged between the inner pad plate and the outer pad plate; and a secondary lining layer, which extends from both ends of the live fault of the tunnel to the middle along the inner wall of the tunnel, is spaced and distributed in the middle part of the live fault of the tunnel to form an installation station, and a flexible lining block is arranged at the installation station. The flexible lining block is arranged on the live end face of the tunnel to form a flexible support, so that the internal force of the tunnel when a large distance fault occurs is reduced, the lining structure loss is reduced, automatic resetting can be realized under a small fault condition, the damage to the lining support is reduced under a medium fault condition, and post-earthquake repair can be carried out under a large fault condition. Specifically, the prefabricated joint can be cut off after the earthquake, and a new joint is installed to realize post-earthquake repair.

This invention provides a method, system, and medium for predicting earthquake source locations using TLF-GV signals, belonging to the field of earthquake prediction technology. The method includes: constructing a U-Net++ model, where multiple encoding blocks are used to sequentially generate feature maps of different spatial scales based on the gradient tensors extracted from TLF-GV; multiple decoding blocks are used to decode and output earthquake source probability heatmaps based on the feature maps at different spatial scales; obtaining active fault distribution maps, and constructing a geological prior penalty term based on the distance from each grid cell in the earthquake source probability heatmap to the nearest active fault, and constructing a loss function by combining the cross-entropy loss between the probability heatmap and the actual source mask; constructing a training set, using the concatenated features of the gradient tensors extracted from the gravity gradient grid and the fault binary mask as input to train and obtain the prediction model. This method utilizes the spatial grid features of the TLF-GV gravity gradient, combined with the small-scale feature capture capability of U-Net++, to effectively improve the accuracy of earthquake source location prediction.

The application discloses a kind of based on spatial data mining and geological constraint seismic activity fault model construction method, system, equipment and medium.The method is first arranged and analyzed to seismic data, extracts minimum complete subdirectory;Using improved mean shift algorithm for spatial clustering, identify each active fault corresponding small earthquake cluster;Subsequently, each fault cluster is three-dimensional slice, and least square method fitting is generated fault interpretation line;With interpretation line as foundation, initial seismic activity fault three-dimensional model is constructed, and is optimized by multi-source geological constraint, and active fault three-dimensional fine model is obtained;Finally, the model is integrated with digital earth spatial registration.This application can realize the whole process automation and quantization from seismic data analysis to active fault three-dimensional fine model construction and application, improve the objectivity, efficiency, precision and reliability of model construction, provide important technical support for seismic disaster risk assessment, active fault detection.

The application discloses a method and system for evaluating active fault stability based on ground stress data, and relates to the technical field of geological engineering, comprising the following steps: collecting multi-source heterogeneous stress data and auxiliary data and preprocessing the same to obtain preprocessed multi-source heterogeneous stress data and auxiliary data; performing space-time gridding interpolation processing on the preprocessed multi-source heterogeneous stress data and auxiliary data to obtain initial stress field data of a target active fault region; performing optimization reconstruction of the initial stress field data under the constraint of physical laws to output a high-confidence reconstructed stress field and a stress data abnormal intensity distribution map; constructing an active fault dynamics model based on geological and geophysical data of the target active fault region; and based on the stress data abnormal intensity distribution map. The application solves the prediction deviation problem caused by the physical incompatibility of the initial stress field and the solidification management of the model parameters in the traditional method.

The invention relates to the technical field of earthquake monitoring and early warning, in particular to an active fault earthquake risk dynamic assessment early warning method and system, and the method comprises the steps: constructing and optimizing an active fault earthquake detection system according to the historical information of an active fault monitoring region; establishing a three-dimensional equidistant grid model of the active fault, and screening information acquisition points in the active fault seismic detection system according to the acquisition point error analysis model to determine a target monitoring point of the system; performing information monitoring on the active fault through the detection system and the target monitoring point to obtain active fault earthquake monitoring data; and predicting the relative displacement condition of the active fault based on the monitoring data and the three-dimensional equidistant grid model, and realizing the evaluation and early warning of the active fault earthquake by combining the relative displacement condition and the active fault earthquake monitoring data. The active fault can be monitored in real time, the motion condition of the active fault can be analyzed, evaluation and early warning of active fault earthquakes are achieved, and the occurrence possibility and the influence range of the earthquakes are accurately predicted.

This invention relates to the field of engineering earthquake and disaster prevention engineering technology, and particularly to a method and system for predicting the probability of fault deformation in engineering fault resistance. The method includes acquiring basic data of the target active fault, including the fault's geometric characteristics, kinematic characteristics, upper magnitude limit, recurrence period, elapsed time, focal depth, and deformation width; inputting the basic data as input parameters into a computational model; calculating the fault length based on the fault's geometric characteristics; and constructing a two-dimensional computational grid for along and across the fault. This invention provides a novel probabilistic prediction method for assessing the permanent displacement of the shallow crust caused by fault displacement during large earthquakes, as well as the intense deformation of the shallow crust near the fault. It can provide sub-meter level data on fault-alternating dislocation and cross-fault deformation at important engineering sites under a certain exceedance probability.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel faults, in particular to a supporting device for targeted control of active fault fracture. A fault fracture zone exists in the rock mass; the innermost side of the rock mass is provided with a tunnel internal space; the first-stage targeted support is connected to the fault fracture zone and comprises a plurality of guide pipes connected to the rock mass and strong grouting spaces formed among the guide pipes, the guide pipes are arranged and installed in a stepped structure, and fan-like arc-shaped guide surfaces are formed at the ends of the guide pipes through the strong grouting spaces; through a deformation channel formed by the arc-shaped guide surfaces formed on the two sides of the fault fracture zone, a target control fault potential fracture path is spread to a preset safety area along the arc lines of the sector-like arc-shaped guide surfaces to complete directional induction, a multi-stage target control support type is designed, multi-stage consumption and directional induction of fault fracture energy are achieved, and the fault fracture energy utilization rate is improved. And step-by-step energy consumption and targeted control of fault fracture path propagation from the stratum end to the tunnel end are realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, discloses an active fault positioning exploration device, and aims to solve the problems that an existing exploration device needs to take down rocks in a cutting line, however, in the prior art, a manual mode is adopted, different positions need to be chiseled, in the using process, broken stone splashing is inevitably generated, use is inconvenient, and potential safety hazards exist. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a protection box, an opening is formed in the bottom face of the protection box, fixing devices are fixedly installed on the two sides of the protection box correspondingly, four L-shaped inserting plates are arranged in the protection box, an adjusting device for driving the inserting plates to move is arranged in the protection box, and a crushing device is arranged in the protection box; according to the rock breaking device, the protection box is arranged, chippings in the rock breaking process can be prevented from splashing, secondly, the protection box can be positioned and fixed through an insertion plate and a fixing device, and finally, the breaking device can be driven to conduct breaking treatment through the moving device.

The invention relates to the technical field of geological sampling, and discloses an active fault detection sampling device for geological disaster prevention and control, which comprises a support base, the lifting mechanism is arranged on the supporting base; the turnover mechanism is arranged at the lifting end of the lifting mechanism; the first mounting plate is arranged at the rotating end of the turnover mechanism and is fixedly provided with a first motor, an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a plurality of elastic mechanisms in the circumferential direction, the elastic mechanisms are detachably connected with a sampling barrel and a sealing cover, the sampling barrel is detachably connected with the sealing cover, and the side wall of the sampling barrel is rotatably connected with a magnetic attraction body; the second mounting plate is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate and fixedly connected with a first electric push rod, the output end of the first electric push rod is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic base, and the electromagnetic base is used for being attracted to the magnetic attraction body. According to the invention, efficient layered sampling can be realized, rapid packaging of the sampling barrel is realized, and a soil sample in the sampling barrel is protected from light, so that the accuracy of chronology data analysis and test of a sample sampled by an active fault is improved.

The invention provides a TLF-GV signal correlation seismic source position prediction method and system and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of seismic forecasting, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a U-Net + + model, and enabling a plurality of coding blocks to be used for generating feature maps of different spatial scales according to gradient tensors extracted by TLF-GV in sequence; the plurality of decoding blocks are used for decoding and outputting a seismic source probability thermodynamic diagram according to the feature maps of different spatial scales; obtaining an active fault distribution diagram, constructing a geological priori penalty term according to the distance from each grid unit in the seismic source probability thermodynamic diagram to the nearest active fault, and constructing a loss function in combination with cross entropy loss between the probability thermodynamic diagram and a real source mask; and constructing a training set, taking gradient tensor extracted by the gravity gradient grid and fault binary mask splicing features as input, and training to obtain a prediction model. According to the method, the spatial grid features of the TLF-GV gravity gradient are utilized, and the small-scale feature capture capability of U-Net + + is combined, so that the accuracy of seismic source position prediction is effectively improved.

The invention discloses an excavation supporting method for a nearly parallel active fault tunnel, belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and can solve the problem that it is difficult to effectively protect a hidden fault in the prior art. The method comprises the steps that S1, first prediction distribution of the hidden fault in a crossing area is determined according to geological data of the crossing area of a target tunnel; s2, determining a predicted distribution area of the hidden fault in the crossing area according to the first predicted distribution, and correcting the first predicted distribution according to exploration data of the predicted distribution area to obtain current predicted distribution; s3, the distance between each to-be-constructed section of the target tunnel and the hidden fault is determined according to the current predicted distribution, and the to-be-constructed sections with the distances smaller than a preset threshold value are determined as high-risk construction sections; and S4, determining support measures of the high-risk construction section according to the current predicted distribution, performing excavation construction on the high-risk construction section according to the support measures, and trimming a support structure of the high-risk construction section according to the construction effect. The method is used for tunnel construction.

The invention discloses a hidden active fault geometric parameter discrimination method based on multi-track InSAR and stress field constraint, and belongs to the technical field of remote sensing. The method comprises the following steps of: extracting a spatial connecting line with a maximum deformation gradient value as a fault agent trace by acquiring a rising and falling InSAR co-seismic deformation diagram of a target area; constructing a mutual exclusion tendency hypothesis based on the trace, and screening a reasonable tendency by predicting and comparing multi-track deformation symbol distribution; and meanwhile, in combination with a local main pressure stress axis P orientation of field geological inversion, whether the maximum uplift area is located on a P-axis pointing side is judged so as to constrain the sliding type. According to the method, a fault model does not need to be preset, high-confidence-coefficient judgment of the tendency and the mechanism is achieved through the physical self-consistency of the multi-view InSAR and the actually-measured stress field, the problem of geometric multiplicity of solutions of the fault under the condition of no surface fracture is effectively solved, seismic structure interpretation reliability is remarkably improved, and key parameter support is provided for seismic risk assessment.

The invention discloses an anti-seismic toughness evaluation method and device for a tunnel crossing active fracture, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel anti-seismic toughness evaluation.The method comprises the steps that S1, fault activity parameters are determined through geological investigation, and a strong earthquake-dislocation coupling load index is constructed; s2, the tunnel is divided into a core section, a transition section and a conventional section, a finite element model is established, and engineering demand parameters of all the sections are obtained through incremental dynamic analysis; s3, establishing a staged vulnerability curve based on a probabilistic earthquake demand model; s4, on the basis of the vulnerability curve, calculating the function loss ratio and repair time under different damage states, and meanwhile, quantifying the anti-seismic toughness index of the whole process from post-earthquake damage to recovery to design function of the tunnel by adopting a function recovery function; s5, comparing the toughness index change rates under different anti-seismic measures, and optimizing the anti-seismic design; according to the method and the device for evaluating the seismic toughness of the tunnel crossing the active fracture, accurate evaluation of the seismic toughness of the tunnel crossing the active fracture is realized.

The application provides a plain area hidden active fault normal fault creep induced surface deformation prediction method, device, equipment and storage medium, relates to the hidden fault activity technical field. The method comprises the following steps: based on the three-dimensional simplified geological model of the hidden normal fault and its adjacent area; taking the fault creep rate as the displacement boundary condition, simulating the surface vertical deformation induced by the hidden normal fault normal fault creep, obtaining the surface vertical deformation characteristics and dividing the surface deformation zone from the hidden normal fault; according to the action law of fault dip angle, creep time and creep rate on the spatial distribution of surface vertical deformation, fitting and constructing the prediction model of normal fault creep induced surface vertical deformation. The application proposes a multi-parameter prediction model covering fault dip angle, creep rate and creep time, and realizes disaster prediction caused by creep activity of hidden fault in plain area.

The invention, which relates to the monitoring and early warning field, discloses a monitoring and early warning system for deformation of surrounding rock of a highway tunnel passing through an active fault, comprising a monitoring management module, a data acquisition module, an edge analysis module, an overall analysis module and an early warning analysis module. The monitoring management module is used for setting an intelligent sensor network according to highway tunnel information and geological basic information; the data acquisition module acquires corresponding sensing monitoring data according to the intelligent sensor network; the edge analysis module is used for acquiring corresponding edge analysis data; the overall analysis module is used for acquiring corresponding overall analysis data; the early warning analysis module is used for performing comprehensive early warning analysis according to the edge analysis data and the overall analysis data in the intelligent sensor network, and generating monitoring early warning information according to a comprehensive early warning analysis result; according to the method, the accuracy in the deformation monitoring and early warning process of the road tunnel surrounding rock passing through the active fault is improved to a certain extent.

The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel crossing active fault multi-arch anti-fault system. In the tunnel crossing active fault multi-arch anti-fault system, the tunnel assembly is limited by the transverse constraint hinge and cannot displace transversely in the overbreak space, but can only move up and down in the vertical plane of the overbreak space. The multi-arch structure at the bottom of the tunnel assembly comprises a semicircular arch frame and a plurality of sequentially connected circular arch frames. The cooperation of the semicircular arch frame and the circular arch frame can effectively support the tunnel assembly and play a certain buffering role to absorb and dissipate the fault displacement generated when the surrounding rocks on both sides of the active fault relatively displace, so that the actual fault displacement of the tunnel assembly is significantly lower than the actual fault displacement of the surrounding rocks on both sides of the active fault, thereby greatly reducing the influence of the fault displacement of the surrounding rocks on both sides of the active fault on the tunnel assembly and improving the stability and safety of the tunnel assembly.

The invention relates to an active fault identification and activity evaluation system based on satellite images, and belongs to the technical field of remote sensing geological application. According to the system, time sequence synthetic aperture radar and optical and thermal infrared image information are integrated through a multi-source feature fusion unit, and a unified spatial-temporal feature field is generated. The double-branch collaborative analysis unit comprises a fault positioning branch and an activity quantification branch which are parallel to each other, and fault trace probability distribution and a segmented activity intensity sequence are extracted from the characteristic field. And the coupling optimization unit establishes a feedback mechanism between the positioning branch and the quantization branch, modulates the positioning process by using the activity intensity information, and guides the quantization branch to perform adaptive fine analysis according to the uncertainty of the positioning result. The system provides a technical scheme for cooperatively obtaining fault space distribution and activity degree information from a multi-source time sequence remote sensing image.

The invention discloses a tunnel structure spanning a risky geological zone, belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and can solve the problem that a traditional tunnel reinforcing mode is difficult to safely, economically and efficiently deal with an active fault effect or a large-deformation plastic rheological stratum. The tunnel structure comprises a cavern surrounding rock, the cavern surrounding rock comprises a grouting part close to the cavern wall by a circle, composite grout is injected into the grouting part, and the composite grout contains ductile materials; the ductile material can generate plastic deformation and can bond rock mass; the concrete layer is arranged on the inner side of the cavern surrounding rock by a circle; the rigid lining layer is arranged on the periphery of the inner side of the concrete layer; the flexible buffer layer is arranged between the grouting part and the concrete layer and covers the outer surface of the concrete layer; the material strength of the flexible buffer layer is gradually increased in the direction close to the concrete layer. The method is used for tunnel construction crossing the risk geological zone.

This invention discloses a method and system for the governance and storage of multi-source geoscientific data oriented towards active faults, belonging to the field of geoscientific information processing technology. The method and system include the following steps: S1, constructing a source state dataset for active fault surveys; S2, performing elevation datum transformation on borehole events to establish a unified elevation location; S3, using the borehole event locations with unified elevation location, performing support relationship identification on each segment formed by all adjacent fault control points under the same fault number; S4, performing spatial correspondence matching between the borehole-revealed intervals and structural segments to determine the structural segments corresponding to the borehole events and complete the fault-bore association storage. This solves the problem that the lack of a unified elevation datum and stable geometric support relationship between borehole depth sequences and fault geometry makes it difficult to accurately associate borehole-revealed fault information with fault structure objects for storage.

The application discloses a tunnel crossing active fault structure design system and belongs to the field of tunnel construction. The tunnel crossing active fault structure design system comprises a displacement space, a support system and a tunnel structure. The support system comprises a vertical support system and a transverse hinge constraint system. The displacement space, the support system and the tunnel structure are all located in surrounding rock at an active fault. The support system and the tunnel structure are located in the displacement space. The vertical support system is connected with the inner wall of the displacement space and the tunnel structure respectively. The transverse hinge constraint system is located on both sides of the tunnel structure and is connected with the outer wall of the side wall of the tunnel structure and the outer wall of the displacement space respectively. The tunnel crossing active fault system has wide application range and can realize that the tunnel is stable at the initial position and keeps the constant support force when the fault dislocation occurs, so that the purpose of resisting fault dislocation is achieved.

The invention provides an active fault finite fault source model construction method and system, and relates to the technical field of seismic engineering, and the method comprises the steps: collecting seismic observation data, tremor monitoring data and borehole wave velocity test data; geometric parameters such as fault length, width, burial depth, trend and inclination angle are extracted; calculating scalar seismic moments and moment magnitudes; fault plane sliding distribution is established by adopting a concave-convex body model and a k-square sliding model; constructing a three-dimensional fault dynamic model by adopting a double couple point source superposition method; according to the method, a coupling mechanism of geometric parameters and kinetic parameters of the fault is established, and complete seismic source input parameters are provided for near-fault strong ground motion simulation.

The application discloses a kind of across active fault tunnel all-around error-proofing regulation and control device, including tunnel, inverted arch base and all-around error-proofing device, tunnel includes inner layer tunnel and outer layer tunnel of being set in inner layer tunnel, and outer layer tunnel is in the influence area in the active fault region of rock mass and in strong influence area, inner layer tunnel sequentially penetrates weak influence area, medium influence area and strong influence area;Inverted arch base is fixed in the inner wall of outer layer tunnel, and installation hole is formed in the top of inverted arch base;All-around error-proofing device has the damping along the longitudinal direction and transverse direction of tunnel, and all-around error-proofing device can move along the longitudinal direction and transverse direction of tunnel, to prevent inner layer tunnel from moving in longitudinal direction and transverse direction, and can be telescopic deformation according to the stress condition of all-around error-proofing device.This device, by regulating and preventing error of inner layer tunnel transverse, longitudinal, vertical, can resist fault to the stick-slip, near-fault vibration that exist larger deformation, to ensure operation safety further.

This invention discloses an active fault exploration and monitoring system, belonging to the field of active fault exploration and monitoring technology. The system includes: a main exploration tunnel, a first distributed optical fiber, multiple secondary exploration tunnels, a second distributed optical fiber, and a disturbance stress gauge. The main exploration tunnel passes through the active fault. The first distributed optical fiber is fixed in the area where the main exploration tunnel passes through the active fault. The multiple secondary exploration tunnels are arranged at intervals on both sides of the active fault. A corresponding second distributed optical fiber and a corresponding disturbance stress gauge are installed between any two adjacent secondary exploration tunnels. The active fault exploration and monitoring system can achieve multi-dimensional and large-scale monitoring during the fault displacement process, clearly identifying the deformation and stress differences of the surrounding rock under the influence of the active fault, providing data support for the stability assessment of the active fault area, facilitating the design of the main project crossing the active fault, and ensuring the long-term safe operation of the main project.

The invention discloses an active fault-crossing tunnel anti-seismic and error-adaptive structure and a construction method, relates to the technical field of tunnel structures, and solves the technical problem that the anti-seismic and error-resistant performance is poor due to the fact that an existing tunnel connecting structure cannot limit the dislocation amount. The tunnel structure comprises a plurality of tunnel sections; the occlusion connector is arranged in the conjugate direction of the cross section of the tunnel, and the occlusion connector resists the bending moment through rotation; the anti-bending connector is arranged at the position of the tunnel arch foot, the deformation quantity of the tunnel arch foot when the tunnel arch foot is pulled is limited through the anti-bending connector, and arch bottom bending resistance is carried out when the tunnel is pressed; the longitudinal connector is connected between the two tunnel sections, longitudinal displacement and multi-direction dislocation between the tunnel sections are limited through the longitudinal connector, and the tunnel section structure has the advantages of being good in anti-error and anti-seismic capacity and the like.