High-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy spectrum detectors, the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector comprises a perovskite single crystal, a metal lead electrode and a carbon electrode, the metal lead electrode and the carbon electrode are plated on the two opposite sides of the perovskite single crystal, the molecular formula of the perovskite single crystal is APbBr3, and A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA. A Pb / perovskite single crystal / C heterojunction energy spectrum detector is designed, and the stability bottleneck is overcome through a double cooperative mechanism: a low-work-function lead electrode is selected to construct a Schottky barrier, dark current is suppressed to 1 nA / cm < 2 >, and compared with a traditional electrode, the dark current is reduced by two orders of magnitude; a vacuum annealing process is combined, so that Pb atoms dynamically fill Pb vacancies on the surface of perovskite, the defect density of an interface is reduced, and the leakage current of the interface is reduced. According to the structure, 5% of energy resolution is achieved in 122 keV gamma ray detection, 0.85% of energy resolution is achieved in 662 keV gamma ray detection, the performance degradation rate is only 8.3% after 500-hour continuous work, and a high-stability and low-noise solution is provided for the field of energy spectrum detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy spectrum detectors, and in particular to a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite single-crystal spectroscopic detectors, with their high sensitivity, excellent carrier mobility, and exceptional energy resolution, are widely used in medical imaging (such as X-ray and CT multi-spectral imaging), industrial non-destructive testing (material defect analysis), nuclear radiation monitoring (gamma-ray detection), space science (cosmic particle detection), security inspection and protection (contraband identification), and environmental research (radioactive contamination analysis). Currently, the perovskite single-crystal spectroscopic detectors with the highest energy resolution typically utilize a Schottky junction structure. These include EGaIn (indium gallium alloy) / CsPbBr3 / Au (gold), Sn (tin) / CsPbBr3 / Au (gold), Bi (bismuth) / FAPbBr3 / Au (gold), and Bi (bismuth)MAPbBr3 / Au (gold). Metal electrodes (Au, Sn, and Bi) are deposited directly onto the single crystal surface using thermal evaporation, while the indium gallium alloy is directly applied to the crystal surface.

[0003] Although breakthroughs have been made in the energy resolution of perovskite single-crystal energy spectroscopic detectors, the long-term operation of the detectors at high voltages causes serious ion migration issues in the perovskite material. This leads to interdiffusion between the Bi / Sn electrode and the perovskite interface (forming a Bi-based perovskite and Sn-Pb layer), resulting in Schottky junction energy level mismatch and a surge in contact resistance. The synergistic effect of these factors can also lead to the formation of Pb-Sn / Bi alloy clusters (particle size 2-5 nm), exacerbating leakage current and spurious peak interference, ultimately degrading energy resolution and reducing detector stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector and its preparation method, aiming to solve the technical problems of serious ion migration in perovskite materials, resulting in Schottky junction energy level mismatch and surge in contact resistance.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector, comprising a perovskite single crystal and a metal lead (Pb) electrode and a carbon (C) electrode coated on opposite sides thereof, wherein the molecular formula of the perovskite single crystal is APb 1- x Cd x Br 3-y Cl y , wherein A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA, x is 0~0.1, and y is 0~0.3.

[0006] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a metal lead electrode is selected, and the work function of the lead electrode is 4.2eV. After contacting with the perovskite single crystal, a Schottky barrier will be formed. Under reverse bias, the depletion region of the Schottky barrier is significantly widened, which reduces the carrier concentration in the space charge region and suppresses the generation-recombination current caused by defects or interface states; at the same time, the reverse electric field causes the barrier height to increase relatively, hindering the thermal emission transport of majority carriers, and the optimized barrier thickness and material matching further suppress the tunneling effect under high electric field. The synergistic effect of the three greatly reduces the dark current.

[0007] Doping Cd into perovskite can reduce the energy resolution of the energy spectrum detector and improve the energy spectrum detection performance.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare perovskite single crystal; the molecular formula of perovskite single crystal is APb 1-x Cd x Br 3-y Cl y , wherein A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA; S2. Coat the surface of the perovskite single crystal with carbon slurry and anneal it in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70-80°C for 15-30 minutes. S3. A metal lead electrode is evaporated on the other side of the perovskite single crystal, and an energy spectrum detector is obtained after vacuum annealing.

[0009] In some embodiments, the steps for preparing the perovskite single crystal are as follows: S11, dispersing ABr, PbBr2, CdBr2 and FACl in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution; wherein A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA; S12, heating the precursor solution until crystallization occurs, and using crystals with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm as seed crystals; S13, microfiltering the precursor solution to obtain a filtrate, placing a seed crystal in the filtrate, heating and evaporating the filtrate, and obtaining a perovskite single crystal body; S14, grinding and polishing the perovskite single crystal body to obtain a perovskite single crystal.

[0010] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of ABr to PbBr2 is 1:1; and the concentration of the ABr precursor solution is 1.4-1.6 mol / L.

[0011] In some embodiments, the solvent is prepared by mixing DMF and GBL in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heating temperature in step S12 is 40-50°C.

[0013] In some embodiments, the heating evaporation step in step S13 includes: heating the precursor solution containing the seed crystal to 31-32° C., gradually increasing the temperature at a rate of 800-1000 min / ° C., and removing the single crystal from the precursor solution after heating and evaporating for 6-7 days.

[0014] In some embodiments, the grinding and polishing steps in step S14 include: The perovskite single crystal body is polished in sequence using 2000 mesh, 4000 mesh, and 10000 mesh sandpaper to obtain a polished perovskite single crystal body; Nano-alumina is dispersed in n-octane to obtain a polishing solution, and the polished perovskite single crystal body is polished with the polishing solution for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain the perovskite single crystal.

[0015] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, polishing the perovskite single crystal body can gradually eliminate macroscopic surface defects, control crystal thickness and optimize surface flatness, achieve preliminary surface flatness, and prevent deep defects from being exposed after polishing. The initial surface roughness of the single crystal may reach several microns. Direct polishing increases polishing time and polishing fluid consumption. Using sandpaper first can improve polishing efficiency. The surface flatness of the polished perovskite single crystal can reach the nanometer level, thereby reducing the leakage current caused by surface defects and making the evaporated electrode material continuous.

[0016] In some embodiments, the carbon electrode has a thickness of 200 μm; and the lead electrode has a thickness of 1 μm.

[0017] Different from the existing technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this application include: This paper designs a Pb / perovskite single crystal / C Schottky energy spectrum detector, which overcomes the stability bottleneck through a two-pronged mechanism: a low-work-function lead electrode is used to construct a Schottky barrier, suppressing the dark current to 1 nA / cm 2 (@100 V / mm), two orders of magnitude lower than conventional electrodes. Combined with a vacuum annealing process, Pb atoms dynamically fill Pb vacancies on the perovskite surface, reducing interface defect density and leakage current. This structure achieves 3.8% energy resolution for 122 keV gamma-ray detection and 0.85% energy resolution for 662 keV gamma-ray detection. After 500 hours of continuous operation, the performance degradation rate is only 8.3%, providing a highly stable, low-noise solution for energy spectrum detection.

[0018] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a graph showing how the energy resolution of the perovskite energy spectrum detectors in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 of the present application changes over time.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a graph showing how the energy resolution of the perovskite energy spectrum detectors in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 of the present application changes over time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0024] Some specific examples are listed below. It should be noted that the examples described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. Reagents or instruments used without manufacturer's indication are all commercially available conventional products.

[0025] 1. Preparation method Example 1 A method for preparing a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector comprises the following steps: 3.5 g of FABr and 10.276 g of PbBr2 were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and GBL with a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixed solution was placed in a magnetic stirring device in the dark and stirred at a constant temperature for more than 10 h to completely dissolve the solute to obtain a clear and transparent precursor solution.

[0026] The clarified FAPbBr3 precursor solution was filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter with a pore size of 0.2 µm. 10 ml of the filtered solution was then placed in a small glass beaker. The unfiltered precursor solution was heated to 45°C until seed crystals formed. Using clean tweezers, a seed crystal with a diameter of <1 mm was gently grasped. The seed crystal should be as transparent as possible. The tiny seed crystal was then carefully placed in the center of the bottom of the beaker, and a piece of glass was placed on top to reduce the evaporation rate. The beaker with the FAPbBr3 seed crystal was placed in a 32°C oven and the temperature was slowly increased at 1000 min / °C per day. After one week, a perovskite single crystal was obtained.

[0027] The FAPbBr3 perovskite single crystal was polished using 2000-, 4000-, and 10,000-grit sandpaper, respectively. A polishing slurry synthesized by dispersing nanoalumina powder as an abrasive in n-octane was then used to polish the polished perovskite single crystal. The polishing slurry, acting as a rotating shaft, formed a uniform film on the surface of the polishing pad, which then polished the single crystal. A constant pressure was applied to the single crystal, and the polishing was performed in a circular motion for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite single crystal.

[0028] A 200μm-thick carbon electrode was applied to the front surface of the perovskite single crystal using a doctor blade coating method. The electrode was then annealed on a hot plate at 80°C for 15 minutes until the carbon paste was completely dry. A mask was then used to mask the other surface of the perovskite single crystal, and a 1μm-thick lead electrode was deposited on the crystal surface via thermal evaporation to produce a perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector.

[0029] Example 2 A method for preparing a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector comprises the following steps: 3.5 g of FABr and 10.276 g of PbBr2 were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and GBL with a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixed solution was placed in a magnetic stirring device in the dark and stirred at a constant temperature for more than 10 h to completely dissolve the solute to obtain a clear and transparent precursor solution.

[0030] The clarified FAPbBr3 precursor solution was filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter with a pore size of 0.2 µm. 10 ml of the filtered solution was then placed in a small glass beaker. The unfiltered precursor solution was heated to 45°C until seed crystals formed. Using clean tweezers, a seed crystal with a diameter of <1 mm was gently grasped. The seed crystal should be as transparent as possible. The tiny seed crystal was then carefully placed in the center of the bottom of the beaker, and a piece of glass was placed on top to reduce the evaporation rate. The beaker with the FAPbBr3 seed crystal was placed in a 32°C oven and the temperature was slowly increased at 1000 min / °C per day. After one week, a perovskite single crystal was obtained.

[0031] The FAPbBr3 perovskite single crystal was polished using 2000-, 4000-, and 10,000-grit sandpaper. A polishing slurry synthesized by dispersing nanoalumina powder as an abrasive in n-octane was then used to polish the polished perovskite single crystal. The polishing slurry, acting as a rotating shaft, formed a uniform film on the polishing pad, which then polished the single crystal. A constant pressure was applied to the single crystal, and the polishing was performed in a circular motion for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite single crystal.

[0032] A 200μm-thick carbon electrode was applied to the front surface of the perovskite single crystal using a doctor blade coating method. The electrode was then annealed on a hot plate at 80°C for 15 minutes until the carbon paste was completely dry. A mask was then used to mask the other surface of the perovskite single crystal, and a 100nm-thick lead electrode was deposited on the surface of the single crystal by thermal evaporation to produce a perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the metal lead electrode is replaced by a metal Bi electrode, which includes the following steps: 3.5 g of FABr and 10.276 g of PbBr2 were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and GBL with a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixed solution was placed in a magnetic stirring device in the dark and stirred at a constant temperature for more than 10 h to completely dissolve the solute to obtain a clear and transparent precursor solution.

[0034] The clarified FAPbBr3 precursor solution was filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter with a pore size of 0.2 µm. 10 ml of the filtered solution was then placed in a small glass beaker. The unfiltered precursor solution was heated to 45°C until seed crystals formed. Using clean tweezers, a seed crystal with a diameter of <1 mm was gently grasped. The seed crystal should be as transparent as possible. The tiny seed crystal was then carefully placed in the center of the bottom of the beaker, and a piece of glass was placed on top to reduce the evaporation rate. The beaker with the FAPbBr3 seed crystal was placed in a 32°C oven and the temperature was slowly increased at 1000 min / °C per day. After one week, a perovskite single crystal was obtained.

[0035] The FAPbBr3 perovskite single crystal was polished using 2000-, 4000-, and 10,000-grit sandpaper. A polishing slurry synthesized by dispersing nanoalumina powder as an abrasive in n-octane was then used to polish the polished perovskite single crystal. The polishing slurry, acting as a rotating shaft, formed a uniform film on the polishing pad, which then polished the single crystal. A constant pressure was applied to the single crystal, and the polishing was performed in a circular motion for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite single crystal.

[0036] A 200μm-thick carbon electrode was applied to the front surface of the perovskite single crystal using a doctor blade coating method. The electrode was then annealed on a hot plate at 80°C for 15 minutes until the carbon paste was completely dry. A mask was then used to mask the other surface of the perovskite single crystal, and a 2μm-thick metal Bi electrode was deposited on the surface of the single crystal by thermal evaporation to produce a perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector.

[0037] A method for preparing a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector comprises the following steps: 3.5 g of FABr and 10.276 g of PbBr2 were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and GBL with a volume ratio of 1:1, and then 1% molar mass of CdBr2 and FACl were added. The mixed solution was placed in a magnetic stirring device in the dark and stirred at a constant temperature for more than 10 hours to completely dissolve the solute to obtain a clear and transparent precursor solution.

[0038] The clarified precursor solution was filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter with a pore size of 0.2 µm. 10 ml of the filtered solution was then placed in a small glass beaker. The unfiltered precursor solution was heated to 45°C until seed crystals formed. Using clean tweezers, a seed crystal with a diameter of <1 mm was gently grasped. The seed crystal should be as transparent as possible. The tiny seed crystal was then carefully placed in the center of the bottom of the beaker, and a piece of glass was placed on top to reduce the evaporation rate. The beaker with the FAPbBr3 seed crystal was placed in a 32°C oven and the temperature was slowly increased at 1000 min / °C per day. After one week, a perovskite single crystal was obtained.

[0039] FAPb 0.9 Cd 0.1 Br 2.7 Cl 0.3 The perovskite single crystal was polished using 2000-, 4000-, and 10,000-grit sandpaper, respectively. A polishing slurry synthesized by dispersing nanoalumina powder as an abrasive in n-octane was then used to polish the polished perovskite single crystal. The polishing slurry, under the action of a rotating shaft, formed a uniform film on the surface of the polishing pad, which then polished the single crystal. A constant pressure was applied to the single crystal, and the polishing was performed in a circular motion for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite single crystal.

[0040] A 200μm-thick carbon electrode was applied to the front surface of the perovskite single crystal using a doctor blade coating method. The electrode was then annealed on a hot plate at 80°C for 15 minutes until the carbon paste was completely dry. A mask was then used to mask the other surface of the perovskite single crystal, and a 100nm-thick lead electrode was deposited on the surface of the single crystal by thermal evaporation to produce a perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector.

[0041] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in that the metal lead electrode is not subjected to vacuum annealing treatment, and includes the following steps: 3.5 g of FABr and 10.276 g of PbBr2 were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and GBL with a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixed solution was placed in a magnetic stirring device in the dark and stirred at a constant temperature for more than 10 h to completely dissolve the solute to obtain a clear and transparent precursor solution.

[0042] The clarified FAPbBr3 precursor solution was filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter with a pore size of 0.2 µm. 10 ml of the filtered solution was then placed in a small glass beaker. The unfiltered precursor solution was heated to 45°C until seed crystals formed. Using clean tweezers, a seed crystal with a diameter of <1 mm was gently grasped. The seed crystal should be as transparent as possible. The tiny seed crystal was then carefully placed in the center of the bottom of the beaker, and a piece of glass was placed on top to reduce the evaporation rate. The beaker with the FAPbBr3 seed crystal was placed in a 32°C oven and the temperature was slowly increased at 1000 min / °C per day. After one week, a perovskite single crystal was obtained.

[0043] The FAPbBr3 perovskite single crystal was polished using 2000-, 4000-, and 10,000-grit sandpaper. A polishing slurry synthesized by dispersing nanoalumina powder as an abrasive in n-octane was then used to polish the polished perovskite single crystal. The polishing slurry, acting as a rotating shaft, formed a uniform film on the polishing pad, which then polished the single crystal. A constant pressure was applied to the single crystal, and the polishing was performed in a circular motion for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite single crystal.

[0044] A 200μm-thick carbon electrode was applied to the front surface of a perovskite single crystal using a doctor blade coating method. The electrode was then annealed on a hot plate at 80°C for 15 minutes until the carbon paste was completely dry. Subsequently, a mask was used to mask the other surface of the perovskite single crystal, and a 2μm-thick lead electrode was deposited on the crystal surface via thermal evaporation. However, after the deposition, the substrate heating was turned off, and no vacuum annealing was performed. This resulted in a perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector.

[0045] 2. Test Method 1. High-voltage stability test method: After connecting the perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector to a high-voltage source, a fixed operating voltage of 1000V was applied. The energy spectrum of the detector was tested for a 662 keV Cs137 radiation source, and the change in energy resolution over time (test duration was 24 hours) was calculated. Energy resolution is a key performance indicator of energy spectrum detectors; the lower the value, the better the energy resolution.

[0046] 3. Analysis of test results of various embodiments and comparative examples The perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detectors obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were subjected to high voltage stability tests. The test results are shown below: Figures 1 and 2 ,from Figures 1 and 2 As can be seen, the energy resolution of Examples 1 and 2 fluctuates by approximately 0.9% with increasing test time, showing no significant difference. Comparative Example 1, which uses Bi electrodes, experiences rapid energy resolution degradation after prolonged voltage aging testing, resulting in extremely poor detector stability. Comparative Example 2, in which the detector is not vacuum annealed, exhibits lower energy resolution than that of the Example, with greater fluctuations in energy resolution over extended testing periods.

[0047] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and within the scope of the technical solution of the present application, embodiments having substantially the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effects are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, within the scope of the subject matter of the present application, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other methods constructed by combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector, characterized in that: The invention comprises a perovskite single crystal and a metal lead electrode and a carbon electrode coated on opposite sides thereof, wherein the molecular formula of the perovskite single crystal is APb 1-x Cd x Br 3-y Cl y , wherein A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA, x is 0~0.1, and y is 0~0.

3.

2. A method for preparing a high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Preparing a perovskite single crystal; wherein the molecular formula of the perovskite single crystal is APbBr3, wherein A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA; S2, applying carbon slurry on the surface of the perovskite single crystal by scraping, and annealing for 15-30 minutes at 70-80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a carbon electrode; S3. Vapor-depositing a metal lead electrode on the other side of the perovskite single crystal, and performing vacuum annealing to obtain an energy spectrum detector.

3. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 2, wherein: The preparation steps of the perovskite single crystal are as follows: S11, dispersing ABr, PbBr2, CdBr2 and FACl in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution; wherein A is at least one of Cs, FA and MA; S12, heating the precursor solution until crystallization occurs, and using crystals with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm as seed crystals; S13, microfiltering the precursor solution to obtain a filtrate, placing the seed crystal in the filtrate, heating and evaporating, to obtain a perovskite single crystal body; S14, grinding and polishing the perovskite single crystal body to obtain a perovskite single crystal.

4. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 1 according to claim 3, characterized in that: The concentration of the precursor solution is 1.4-1.6 mol / L.

5. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 1 according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solvent is prepared by mixing DMF and GBL in a volume ratio of 1:

1.

6. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 3, wherein: The heating temperature in step S12 is 40-50°C.

7. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 1 according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating and evaporation step in step S13 includes heating the precursor solution containing the seed crystal to 31-32° C., gradually increasing the temperature at a rate of 800-1000 min / ° C., and removing the single crystal from the precursor solution after heating and evaporating for 6-7 days.

8. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 1 according to claim 3, characterized in that: The grinding and polishing steps in step S14 include: The perovskite single crystal body is polished in sequence using 2000 mesh, 4000 mesh, and 10000 mesh sandpaper to obtain a polished perovskite single crystal body; Nano-aluminum oxide is dispersed in n-octane to obtain a polishing liquid, and the polished perovskite single crystal body is polished with the polishing liquid for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain a perovskite single crystal.

9. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 2, wherein: The vacuum annealing conditions are heating to 78-80° C. in a vacuum environment and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes.

10. The method for preparing the high-stability perovskite single crystal energy spectrum detector according to claim 2, wherein: The thickness of the carbon electrode is 100-500 μm; the thickness of the lead electrode is 0.1-2 μm.

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