Light-emitting element, display device, and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments provide a light emitting element, a display device, and an electronic device. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light-emitting layer includes a hole-transporting host compound, an electron-transporting host compound, a phosphorescent compound, and a fluorescent compound, in which at least one of the hole-transporting host compound and the electron-transporting host compound has a huge surface potential lower than a huge surface potential of the phosphorescent compound.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0032100 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on March 6, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a light emitting element, a display device including the light emitting element, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0004] Development of organic electroluminescent display devices as image display devices continues. Compared to liquid crystal displays, organic electroluminescent displays are so-called self-luminescent displays, in which holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode recombine in a light-emitting layer. In the light-emitting layer, a light-emitting material composed of an organic compound emits light based on this recombination of holes and electrons, thereby achieving display.

[0005] In the application of organic electroluminescent elements in display devices, there is a continuous demand for organic electroluminescent elements with low driving voltages. Therefore, there is a continuous need to develop materials for organic electroluminescent elements that can stably achieve such characteristics.

[0006] It should be understood that this background technology section is intended, in part, to provide a useful context for understanding the technology. However, this background technology section may also include ideas, concepts, or realizations that were not part of what was known or understood by those skilled in the relevant art before the respective effective filing dates of the subject matter disclosed herein. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present disclosure provides a light-emitting element exhibiting low capacitance characteristics.

[0008] The present disclosure also provides a display device with improved image quality.

[0009] According to an embodiment, a light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a second electrode arranged on the first electrode, and a light-emitting layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light-emitting layer may include a hole transport host compound, an electron transport host compound, a phosphorescent compound and a fluorescent compound, and at least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound may have a giant surface potential lower than the giant surface potential of the phosphorescent compound.

[0010] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent compound may have a positive giant surface potential.

[0011] In an embodiment, at least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound may have a negative giant surface potential.

[0012] In an embodiment, the electron transport host compound and the phosphorescent compound may each have a positive giant surface potential, and the hole transport host compound may have a negative giant surface potential.

[0013] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent compound may have a positive giant surface potential, and the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound may each have a negative giant surface potential.

[0014] In an embodiment, the hole transport host compound may be represented by Formula 1:

[0015] [Formula 1]

[0016]

[0017] In Formula 1, R1 to R3 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms; R4 and R5 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; n1 can be an integer from 0 to 5; n2 can be an integer from 0 to 3; and n3 to n5 can each independently be an integer from 0 to 4.

[0018] In an embodiment, the hole transport host compound may be selected from compound group 1:

[0019] [Compound Group 1]

[0020]

[0021] In an embodiment, the electron transport host compound may be represented by Formula 2:

[0022] [Formula 2]

[0023]

[0024] In formula 2, L e1 To L e3 Ar may be each independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms; e1 to Ar e3 may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms; and when L e1 To Le3 When they are directly connected, exclude Ar e1 to Ar e3 The case where each is substituted by a triphenylsilyl group.

[0025] In an embodiment, the electron transport host compound may be selected from compound group 2:

[0026] [Compound Group 2]

[0027]

[0028] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent compound may be represented by Formula 3:

[0029] [Formula 3]

[0030]

[0031] In Formula 3, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N; C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms; L 11 To L 13 Can be directly connected, *—O—*, *—S—*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms; b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1; R 61 to R 66 Each of d1 to d4 may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms; and d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4.

[0032] In an embodiment, the fluorescent compound can emit delayed fluorescence.

[0033] In an embodiment, the light emitting element may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the light emitting layer, wherein the hole transport region may include at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an auxiliary light emitting layer.

[0034] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

[0035] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer disposed on the first electrode, a hole transport layer disposed on the hole injection layer, and an electron blocking layer disposed on the hole transport layer; and the electron blocking layer may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

[0036] In an embodiment, the light emitting element may further include an electron transport region disposed between the light emitting layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport region may include at least one of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0037] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

[0038] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer disposed on the light emitting layer, an electron transport layer disposed on the hole blocking layer, and an electron injection layer disposed on the electron transport layer; and the hole blocking layer may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

[0039] According to an embodiment, a display device may include a circuit layer disposed on a base layer, a pixel defining film disposed on the circuit layer, and a plurality of light emitting elements disposed on the circuit layer, wherein:

[0040] A plurality of pixel openings may be defined in the pixel defining film; each of the plurality of light-emitting elements may include a light-emitting layer; the light-emitting layer may include a hole transport host compound, an electron transport host compound, a phosphorescent compound and a fluorescent compound; and at least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound may have a giant surface potential lower than the giant surface potential of the phosphorescent compound.

[0041] In an embodiment, the display device may further include a light control layer and a color filter layer arranged on the light control layer, the light control layer including quantum dots, wherein the color filter layer may include a first color filter that transmits red light, a second color filter that transmits green light, and a third color filter that transmits blue light.

[0042] In an embodiment, at least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound may have a negative giant surface potential.

[0043] It should be understood that the above embodiments have been described in a general and illustrative sense only, and not for purposes of limitation, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and the principles of the present disclosure. The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0045] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of electronic devices according to various embodiments are shown.

[0047] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0049] Figures 5 to 10 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0050] Figures 11 to 14 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0051] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the interior of a vehicle in which the display device according to the embodiment is provided; and

[0052] Figure 16 Graphs showing evaluation results of characteristics of light-emitting elements according to Examples and Comparative Examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0054] In the drawings, the size, thickness, ratio, and dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for ease of description and clarity. Like reference numerals and reference letters refer to like elements throughout.

[0055] In the specification, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, portion, etc.) is referred to as being “on”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element, the element may be directly on, directly connected to or coupled to the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the element and the other element. In a similar sense, when an element (or region, layer, portion, etc.) is described as “overlying” another element, the element may directly cover the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the element and the other element.

[0056] In the specification, when an element is “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element, there are no intervening elements. For example, “directly on” may mean that two layers or two elements are disposed without an additional element, such as an adhesive element, between them.

[0057] As used herein, expressions in the singular such as “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0058] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, "A and / or B" may be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B." The terms "and" and "or" may be used in a conjunction or disjunction sense and may be understood to be equivalent to "and / or."

[0059] In the specification and claims, for purposes of its meaning and interpretation, the term "at least one of" is intended to include the meaning of "at least one selected from the group consisting of." For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" may be understood to mean only A, only B, only C, or any combination of two or more of A, B, and C, such as ABC, AC, BC, or AB. When the term "at least one of" precedes or follows a list of elements, it modifies the entire list of elements and does not modify the individual elements in the list.

[0060] It will be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element. Similarly, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0061] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "below," "above," or "on" may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another element or component as shown in the figures. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, the spatially relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, where the device shown in the figures is flipped, a device that is "below" or "below" another device may be "above" another device. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can include both a lower position and an upper position. The device may also be oriented in other directions, and thus the spatially relative terms may be interpreted differently depending on the orientation.

[0062] As used herein, the terms "about" or "approximately" are inclusive of the stated value and mean within an acceptable range of deviation from the stated value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurements in question and errors associated with the measurement of the stated quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0063] It should be understood that the terms “comprises / comprising,” “inclues / including,” “have / having,” and “contains / containing” are intended to illustrate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements (elements), components, or combinations thereof in the present disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements (elements), components, or combinations thereof.

[0064] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that, unless expressly defined in the specification, terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense.

[0065] In the specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" can describe a group substituted or unsubstituted by at least one substituent, wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amido group, a silyl group, an oxy group, a sulfenyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a boron group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydrocarbon ring group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group. Each substituent listed above can itself be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, a biphenyl group can be interpreted as an aryl group, or it can be interpreted as a phenyl group substituted by a phenyl group.

[0066] In the specification, the term "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" can be interpreted as a group that bonds to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring can be aliphatic or aromatic. The heterocyclic ring can be aliphatic or aromatic. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring can each independently be monocyclic or polycyclic. The ring formed by the adjacent groups bonded to each other can itself be connected to another ring to form a spirocyclic structure.

[0067] In the specification, the term "adjacent group" may be interpreted as a substituent that replaces an atom directly connected to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or a substituent that is spatially located closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. For example, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0068] In the specification, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.

[0069] In the specification, the alkyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-decyl The following examples include monodecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heneicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl, n-triacontyl, etc., but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0070] In the specification, the cycloalkyl group may be a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, bicycloheptyl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0071] In the specification, an alkenyl group may be a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. An alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited and may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, styrylvinyl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0072] In the specification, an alkynyl group may be a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. An alkynyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not particularly limited and may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl, propynyl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0073] In the specification, the hydrocarbon ring group may be any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. For example, the hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0074] In the specification, aryl can be any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl can be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl can be 6 to 60, 6 to 50, 6 to 40, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl can include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentyl, hexyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0075] In the specification, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be bonded to each other to form a spirocyclic structure. Examples of substituted fluorenyl groups may include the groups shown below. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0076]

[0077] In the specification, a heterocyclic group may be any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. A heterocyclic group may be aliphatic or aromatic. An aromatic heterocyclic group may be a heteroaryl group. The aliphatic heterocycle and the aromatic heterocycle may each independently be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0078] If the heterocyclic group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same as or different from each other.The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10.

[0079] Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include an oxirane group, a thiirane group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, a thiocyclopentanyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, a 1,4-dioxanyl group, and the like, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0080] Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiorol, dibenzofuranyl, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0081] In the specification, the above description of the aryl group may be applied to the arylene group, except that the arylene group is a divalent group. In the specification, the above description of the heteroaryl group may be applied to the heteroarylene group, except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.

[0082] In the specification, the silyl group may be an alkylsilyl group or an arylsilyl group. Examples of the silyl group may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, phenylsilyl, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0083] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited and may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have one of the following structures, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0084]

[0085] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group or the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited and may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may be an alkylsulfinyl group or an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may be an alkylsulfonyl group or an arylsulfonyl group.

[0086] In the specification, a thio group may be an alkylthio group or an arylthio group. A thio group may be a sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, and naphthylthio, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0087] In the specification, an oxy group may be an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. The oxy group may be an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0088] In the specification, a boryl group may be a boron atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. The boryl group may be an alkyl boryl group or an aryl boryl group. Examples of boryl groups may include dimethyl boryl, tert-butyl methyl boryl, diphenyl boryl, phenyl boryl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0089] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the amino group is not particularly limited and may be 1 to 30. The amino group may be an alkylamino group or an arylamino group. Examples of the amino group may include methylamino, dimethylamino, anilino, diphenylamino, naphthylamino, 9-methyl-anthrylamino, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0090] In the specification, the alkyl group in the alkylthio group, the alkylthiooxy group, the alkylaryl group, the alkylamino group, the alkylboryl group, the alkylsilyl group, or the alkylamino group may be the same as exemplified in the above-described alkyl group.

[0091] In the specification, the aryl group in the aryloxy group, the arylthio group, the arylthiooxy group, the arylamino group, the arylboryl group, the arylsilyl group, or the arylamine group may be the same as exemplified in the aryl group described above.

[0092] In the specification, a direct connection may be a single bond.

[0093] In this manual, the symbol and -* each represent a bond to the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or moiety.

[0094] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0095] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment. Figure 1 , the electronic device EA according to the embodiment may include a display module 11 , a processor 12 , a memory 13 , and a power module 14 .

[0096] The processor 12 may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0097] The memory 13 may store data information required for the operation of the processor 12 or the display module 11. When the processor 12 executes an application stored in the memory 13, an image data signal and / or an input control signal may be transmitted to the display module 11, and the display module 11 may process the provided signals and output image information through a display screen.

[0098] The power module 14 may include a power supply module such as a power adapter or a battery device, and a power conversion module that converts power supplied by the power supply module and generates power required for the operation of the electronic device EA.

[0099] At least one of the multiple components of the electronic device EA described above may be included in the display device according to the embodiment described above. In addition, some of the modules functionally included in one module may be included in the display device, and other modules may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include the display module 11, and the processor 12, memory 13, and power module 14 may not be provided in the display device but may be provided in another type of device in the electronic device EA.

[0100] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of electronic devices according to various embodiments are shown.

[0101] refer to Figure 2 Various electronic devices to which the display device according to the embodiment is applied may include not only electronic devices for displaying images, such as a smart phone 10_1a, a tablet computer (PC) 10_1b, a laptop computer 10_1c, a television (TV) 10_1d, and a monitor 10_1e for a desktop computer, but may also include wearable electronic devices having a display module, such as smart glasses 10_2a, a head-mounted display 10_2b, and a smart watch 10_2c, and a vehicle electronic device 10_3 including a display module, such as a vehicle instrument panel, a central control instrument panel, a center information display (CID) set on the dashboard, and a room mirror display.

[0102] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device DD according to an embodiment. Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to an embodiment. Figure 4 It is along Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device DD taken along the imaginary line II' in FIG. The display device DD of one embodiment may be included in the electronic device EA described above. The display device DD may be a component that provides an image in the electronic device EA.

[0103] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP includes light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control external light reflected from the display panel DP. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in embodiments, the optical layer PP may be omitted from the display device DD.

[0104] A base substrate BL may be disposed on the optical layer PP. The base substrate BL may provide a base surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in embodiments, the base substrate BL may be omitted.

[0105] The display device DD according to an embodiment may further include a filling layer (not shown). The filling layer (not shown) may be disposed between the display device layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The filling layer (not shown) may be an organic material layer. The filling layer (not shown) may include at least one of an acrylic resin, a siloxane resin, and an epoxy resin.

[0106] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display device layer DP-ED. The display device layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining layer PDL, light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between portions of the pixel defining layer PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0107] The base layer BS may provide a base surface on which the display device layer DP-ED is disposed. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0108] In an embodiment, the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed on the base layer BS and may include transistors (not shown). The transistors (not shown) may each include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include switching transistors and driving transistors for driving the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display device layer DP-ED.

[0109] The light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may each have a Figures 5 to 10The light-emitting elements ED of any of the embodiments in FIG. Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a corresponding one of the light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0110] Figure 4 An embodiment is shown in which the light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer for the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. Although Figure 4 Although not shown in the figure, in an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR may each be provided by patterning in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, in an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR, the light emitting layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be provided by patterning by an inkjet printing method.

[0111] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the display device layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be formed of a single layer or multiple layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to an embodiment may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to an embodiment may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-organic film) and at least one encapsulation inorganic film.

[0112] The encapsulation-inorganic film protects the display device layer DP-ED from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulation-organic film protects the display device layer DP-ED from foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulation-inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The encapsulation-organic film may include an acrylic compound or an epoxy compound, etc. The encapsulation-organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0113] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and may be disposed to fill the opening OH.

[0114] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The display device DD may include a non-emission region NPXA and emission regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The emission regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be regions that emit light generated by the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, respectively. In a plan view, the emission regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced apart from each other.

[0115] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be regions separated from each other by a pixel-defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA may be a region between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and the non-light-emitting region NPXA may correspond to the pixel-defining film PDL. In an embodiment, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each correspond to a pixel. The pixel-defining film PDL may separate the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be disposed in an opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL and separated from each other.

[0116] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be arranged into groups according to the colors of light generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the display device DD according to the embodiment shown in FIG, three light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that emit red, green, and blue light, respectively, are shown as examples. For example, the display device DD may include a red light-emitting region PXA-R, a green light-emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light-emitting region PXA-B that are different from each other.

[0117] In a display device DD according to an embodiment, the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light having different wavelengths. For example, in an embodiment, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 that emits blue light. For example, the red light-emitting region PXA-R, the green light-emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting region PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0118] However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may emit light in the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light in a wavelength range different from the wavelength range of light emitted by the remaining light-emitting elements. For example, the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each emit blue light.

[0119] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to the embodiment may be arranged in a stripe configuration. Figure 3 The red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, respectively. In another embodiment, the red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B may be arranged in this repetitive order along the first direction axis DR1.

[0120] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are shown as having similar areas, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may differ in size or shape depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light. The area of ​​the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be the area defined by the first and second direction axes DR1 and DR2 in a plan view. The third direction axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first and second direction axes DR1 and DR2.

[0121] The arrangement of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 3 , and the order in which the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B are arranged may be provided in various combinations according to the display quality characteristics required of the display device DD. For example, the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be arranged in a five-tile configuration (such as ) or in a diamond configuration (such as Diamond ) arrangement.

[0122] The areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different in size from each other. For example, in an embodiment, the area of ​​the green light emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0123] In the following, Figures 5 to 10Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element ED according to an embodiment. The light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, and a light-emitting layer EML disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting element ED may further include a hole transport region HTR between the first electrode EL1 and the light-emitting layer EML, and an electron transport region ETR between the light-emitting layer EML and the second electrode EL2.

[0124] and Figure 5 compared to, Figure 6 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to an embodiment, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. Figure 5 compared to, Figure 7 : is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to an embodiment, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 5 compared to, Figure 8 : is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to an embodiment, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and an auxiliary light emitting layer EAL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 5 compared to, Figure 9 : is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to an embodiment, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole transport layer HTL and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 9 In the embodiment, the hole transport layer HTL may include a first hole transport layer HTL1 and a second hole transport layer HTL2. Figure 5 compared to, Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED further including a cover layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2 according to an embodiment.

[0125] The first electrode EL1 is conductive. The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. In embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, Zn, oxides thereof, compounds thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0126] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In another embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may include the above metal material, a combination of at least two of the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal material. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 1000 nm. to approximately For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 can be about to approximately within the range.

[0127] A hole transport region HTR may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a buffer layer (not shown), an auxiliary light emitting layer EAL, and an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about 1000 Å. to approximately within the range.

[0128] The hole transport region HTR may have a structure consisting of a layer including a single material, a structure consisting of layers including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0129] For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of the hole injection layer HIL or the hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single-layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed of different materials, or may have a structure in which the hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, the hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not shown), the hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer (not shown), the hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not shown), or the hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL are stacked in the order of their respective statements from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0130] The hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, the electron blocking layer EBL, and the auxiliary light-emitting layer EAL may each independently have a structure consisting of a layer composed of a single material, a structure consisting of layers composed of different materials, or a structure comprising multiple layers composed of different materials. For example, the hole transport layer HTL may have a single-layer structure consisting of a hole transport material or a structure comprising multiple hole transport materials. For example, the hole transport layer HTL may include a first hole transport layer HTL1 stacked on the first electrode EL1 and a second hole transport layer HTL2 stacked on the first hole transport layer HTL1. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the hole transport layer HTL may have a multilayer structure including at least three layers.

[0131] The hole transport region HTR may be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0132] In the light emitting element ED according to the embodiment, the hole transport region HTR may include a compound represented by Formula H-1:

[0133] [Formula H-1]

[0134]

[0135] In formula H-1, L1 and L2 may each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In formula H-1, a and b may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10. When a or b is 2 or greater, multiple L1 groups or multiple L2 groups may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0136] In formula H-1, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In formula H-1, Ar3 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0137] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In another embodiment, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a diamine compound in which at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 includes an amino group as a substituent. In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a carbazole compound in which at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 includes a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or may be a fluorene compound in which at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group.

[0138] The compound represented by Formula H-1 may be any compound selected from Compound Group H. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group H are merely examples, and the compound represented by Formula H-1 is not limited to Compound Group H:

[0139] [Compound Group H]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] The hole transport region HTR may include a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine, N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4-di-m-tolylphenyl-1,4-diamine)(DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid ( The main products include PANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], dipyrazine[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0145] The hole transport region HTR may include: carbazole derivatives such as 1,3-bis(H-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole; fluorene derivatives; triphenylamine derivatives such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TDN) or 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA); N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB); 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC); 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD); etc.

[0146] In embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), or the like.

[0147] The hole transport region HTR may include the above-mentioned compound of the hole transport region in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, the auxiliary light emitting layer EAL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0148] In an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential. The hole transport region HTR may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, the auxiliary light emitting layer EAL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0149] When the compound having a positive giant surface potential is included in the hole transport region HTR having a multi-layer structure, the compound having a positive giant surface potential may be included in a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer EML. For example, the compound having a positive giant surface potential may be included in the electron blocking layer EBL, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0150] The compound having a positive giant surface potential included in the hole transport region HTR may be represented by Formula 3, which will be described later. In an embodiment, the compound having a positive giant surface potential included in the hole transport region HTR may be a compound selected from Compound Group 3, which will be described below. The compound having a positive giant surface potential included in the hole transport region HTR may be the same as or different from the hole transport host compound included in the light emitting layer EML.

[0151] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR can be about to approximately For example, the thickness of the hole transport region HTR can be about to approximately When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL may have a thickness of about to approximately When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may have a thickness in the range of about to approximately When the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL, the electron blocking layer EBL may have a thickness in the range of about to approximately If the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the above ranges, satisfactory hole transport properties may be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0152] In addition to the above materials, the hole transport region HTR may further include a charge generating material to increase conductivity. The charge generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of a metal halide, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the p-dopant may include: a metal halide such as CuI or RbI; a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide; a cyano group-containing compound such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN) or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9), etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0153] As described above, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of an auxiliary light-emitting layer EAL and an electron blocking layer EBL. The auxiliary light-emitting layer EAL can increase luminous efficiency by compensating for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by the light-emitting layer EML and controlling the hole charge balance. The auxiliary light-emitting layer EAL can also prevent electrons from being injected into the hole transport region HTR. Materials that can be included in the hole transport region HTR can be used as materials included in the auxiliary light-emitting layer EAL. The electron blocking layer EBL can prevent electrons from being injected from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0154] The light emitting layer EML may be provided on the hole transport region HTR. The light emitting layer EML may have a thickness of about 100 nm. to approximately For example, the light emitting layer EML may have a thickness in the range of about to approximately The light emitting layer EML may have a structure consisting of a layer including a single material, a structure consisting of layers including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0155] In the light-emitting element ED according to the embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may include a hole transport host compound, an electron transport host compound, a phosphorescent compound, and a fluorescent compound. Hereinafter, the hole transport host compound may be referred to as an "HT host," the electron transport host compound may be referred to as an "ET host," the phosphorescent compound may be referred to as a first compound, and the fluorescent compound may be referred to as a second compound.

[0156] In an embodiment, at least one of the HT host and the ET host may have a giant surface potential lower than the giant surface potential of the first compound. For example, the giant surface potential of the hole-transporting host compound and the giant surface potential of the electron-transporting host compound may each be lower than the giant surface potential of the phosphorescent compound. In an embodiment, the giant surface potential of the hole-transporting host compound or the giant surface potential of the electron-transporting host compound may be lower than the giant surface potential of the phosphorescent compound.

[0157] In the specification, a giant surface potential may be a surface potential induced from an organic layer due to an electric field generated by a dipole when an organic material having a dipole is aligned in a specific direction during the formation of an organic layer such as an emission layer (EML). Hereinafter, the giant surface potential may be referred to as "GSP."

[0158] In the specification, a negative giant surface potential means a surface potential that induces positive charge in the direction of the first electrode EL1 (e.g., anode) and negative charge in the direction opposite to the anode. In the specification, a positive giant surface potential means a surface potential that induces negative charge in the direction of the first electrode EL1 (e.g., anode) and positive charge in the direction opposite to the anode.

[0159] The negative giant surface potential and the positive giant surface potential can each be a potential gradient of the surface potential obtained by measuring the surface potential using a Kelvin probe according to the thickness of the organic layer. The negative giant surface potential can be a giant surface potential with a negative slope, and the positive giant surface potential can be a giant surface potential with a positive slope. Hereinafter, the negative giant surface potential may be referred to as "negative GSP", and the positive giant surface potential may be referred to as "positive GSP".

[0160] In the light emitting layer EML according to the embodiment, at least one of the HT host and the ET host may have a GSP opposite to that of the first compound. The first compound may be a positive GSP inducing compound. At least one of the HT host and the ET host may be a negative GSP inducing compound.

[0161] The positive GSP inducing compound may be a compound that exhibits a positive ("+") surface potential on the surface of an organic layer such as an emission layer EML during formation of the organic layer. The first compound as the positive GSP inducing compound may have a positive GSP in the emission layer EML.

[0162] A negative GSP-inducing compound may be a compound that exhibits a negative ("-") surface potential on the surface of an organic layer, such as an EML, during the formation of an organic layer. At least one of the HT host and the ET host may include a negative GSP-inducing compound. At least one of the HT host and the ET host may have a negative GSP in the EML. The HT host having a negative GSP may be referred to as a first HT host, and the ET host having a negative GSP may be referred to as a first ET host. The HT host not having a negative GSP may be referred to as a second HT host, and the ET host not having a negative GSP may be referred to as a second ET host. The second HT host and the second ET host may each have a positive GSP. When the EML includes the first HT host, the ET host may be the first ET host or the second ET host. When the EML includes the second HT host, the ET host may be the first ET host. When the EML includes the first ET host, the HT host may be the first HT host or the second HT host. When the EML includes the second ET host, the HT host may be the first HT host.

[0163] The light-emitting layer EML according to the embodiment may include a first compound, a first HT host, and a first ET host. In the embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may include the first compound, the first HT host, and the second ET host, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the light-emitting layer EML may include the first compound, the second HT host, and the first ET host.

[0164] In embodiments, the first HT host may be represented by Formula 1. The first HT host represented by Formula 1 may be a negative GSP inducing compound and may be included in the emission layer EML to have a negative GSP.

[0165] [Formula 1]

[0166]

[0167] In Formula 1, R1 to R3 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, R1 to R3 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0168] In Formula 1, R4 and R5 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group. For example, R4 and R5 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted triphenylsilyl group, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0169] In Formula 1, n1 can be an integer from 0 to 5, n2 can be an integer from 0 to 3, and n3 to n5 can each independently be an integer from 0 to 4. When n1 is at least 2, multiple R1 groups can all be the same, or at least one R1 group can be different from the remaining R1 groups. The situation where n1 is 0 can be the same as the situation where n1 is 5 and five R1 groups are all hydrogen atoms. When n2 is at least 2, multiple R2 groups can all be the same, or at least one R2 group can be different from the remaining R2 groups. The situation where n2 is 0 can be the same as the situation where n2 is 3 and three R2 groups are all hydrogen atoms. When n3 to n5 are each at least 2, multiple groups of R3, R4 and R5 can all be the same, or at least one group can be different from the remaining groups. The situation where n3 to n5 are each 0 can be the same as the situation where n3 to n5 are each 4 and four groups of R3, R4 and R5 are all hydrogen atoms.

[0170] In an embodiment, the first HT host represented by Formula 1 may be any compound selected from Compound Group 1. In an embodiment, in the light emitting element ED, the first HT host may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1:

[0171] [Compound Group 1]

[0172]

[0173] In compound group 1, compound HT1-1 may have a GSP of approximately -28 mV / nm, compound HT1-2 may have a GSP of approximately -41 mV / nm, compound HT1-3 may have a GSP of approximately -20 mV / nm, compound HT1-4 may have a GSP of approximately -1 mV / nm, and compound HT1-5 may have a GSP of approximately -36 mV / nm.

[0174] In embodiments, the first ET host may be represented by Formula 2. The first ET host represented by Formula 2 may be a negative GSP inducing compound and may be included in the emission layer EML to have a negative GSP.

[0175] [Formula 2]

[0176]

[0177] In formula 2, L e1 To L e3 Each of L and L may be independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. e1 To L e3 Each independently may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.

[0178] In formula 2, Ar e1 to Ar e3 Each of them can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. e1 to Ar e3 Each of L and L can be independently a substituted phenyl group, a substituted biphenyl group or an unsubstituted carbazolyl group, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. e1 To L e3 When they are directly connected, Ar can be excluded e1 to Ar e3 Each of them is substituted by a triphenylsilyl group. For example, in Formula 2, when L e1 To L e3 When they are directly connected, Ar e1 to Ar e3 None of the phenyl groups may be substituted by a triphenylsilyl group.

[0179] In an embodiment, the first ET host represented by Formula 2 may be any compound selected from Compound Group 2. In an embodiment, in the light emitting element ED, the first ET host may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 2:

[0180] [Compound Group 2]

[0181]

[0182] In compound group 2, compound ET1-1 may have a GSP of about −19 mV / nm, compound ET1-2 may have a GSP of about −5 mV / nm, and compound ET1-3 may have a GSP of about −9 mV / nm.

[0183] In the light emitting element ED according to the embodiment, at least one of the HT host and the ET host included in the light emitting layer EML may have a negative GSP, and therefore, it may compensate for an increase in capacitance of the light emitting element ED caused by the first compound having a relatively high positive GSP, thereby suppressing injection voltage.

[0184] In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include a second HT host represented by Formula HT-1 as a hole-transporting host compound. For example, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include a first ET host having a negative GSP, and the HT host included in the light-emitting layer (EML) may be a second HT host. The second HT host may be a positive GSP-inducing compound. For example, the second HT host may have a GSP greater than 0 and equal to or less than approximately 13 mV / nm, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0185] [Formula HT-1]

[0186]

[0187] In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 may each independently be N or C(R 51 For example, A1 to A8 can each independently be C(R 51 As another example, one of A1 to A8 may be N, and the remaining groups in A1 to A8 may each independently be C(R 51 ).

[0188] In Formula HT-1, L1 may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, L1 may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazolyl group, or the like, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0189] In formula HT-1, Y a Can be directly connected, C(R 52 )(R 53 ) or Si(R 54 )(R 55 ). For example, the two rings connected to the nitrogen atom in formula HT-1 can be directly connected, In formula HT-1, when Y a When directly connected, the second HT host represented by Formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0190] In Formula HT-1, Ar1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, Ar1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or the like, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0191] In formula HT-1, R 51 to R 55Each of the R-1 and R-2 groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 51 to R 55 can each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. As another example, R 51 to R 55 Each independently may be an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0192] In an embodiment, the second HT host represented by Formula HT-1 may be any compound selected from Compound Group 3. In an embodiment, in the light emitting element ED, the second HT host may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 3:

[0193] [Compound Group 3]

[0194]

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] In compound group 3, D represents a deuterium atom, and Ph represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in compound group 3, Ph may represent an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0198] At least one compound selected from compound group 3 may be included in the hole transport region HTR. For example, at least one compound selected from compound group 3 may be included in the electron blocking layer EBL, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0199] In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include a second ET host represented by Formula ET-1 as an electron transport host compound. For example, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include a first HT host having a negative GSP, and the ET host included in the light-emitting layer (EML) may be a second ET host. The second ET host may be a positive GSP-inducing compound.

[0200] [Formula ET-1]

[0201]

[0202] In formula ET-1, Z a to Zc At least one of can each be N; and Z a to Z c The remaining groups can each independently be C(R 56 ). For example, Z a to Z c One of them can be N, and Z a to Z c The remaining groups in the group may each independently be C(R 56 ). Thus, the second ET host represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. As another example, Z a to Z c Two of them can each be N, and Z a to Z c The remaining groups in can be C(R 56 ). Thus, the second ET host represented by formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. As another example, Z a to Z c Each may be N. Thus, the second ET host represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0203] In formula ET-1, R 56 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0204] In Formula ET-1, e1 to e3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10.

[0205] In Formula ET-1, Ar2 to Ar4 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, Ar2 to Ar4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0206] In Formula ET-1, L2 to L4 may each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. When e1 to e3 are each 2 or greater, multiple groups of each of L2 to L4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0207] In an embodiment, the second ET host represented by Formula ET-1 may be any compound selected from Compound Group 4. In an embodiment, in the light-emitting element ED, the second ET host may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 4:

[0208] [Compound Group 4]

[0209]

[0210]

[0211]

[0212]

[0213]

[0214] In compound group 4, D represents a deuterium atom, and Ph represents an unsubstituted phenyl group. At least one compound selected from compound group 4 may be included in the electron transport region ETR. For example, at least one compound selected from compound group 4 may be included in the hole blocking layer HBL, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0215] In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may include a first compound. The first compound is a phosphorescent compound and may have a positive GSP. For example, the light-emitting layer EML may include an organic metal complex as the first compound, the organic metal complex including platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and including a ligand bonded to the central metal atom. In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may include a first compound represented by Formula 3 as a phosphorescent compound:

[0216] [Formula 3]

[0217]

[0218] In Formula 3, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N. In Formula 3, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0219] In formula 3, L 11 To L 13 Can be directly connected, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 To L13 In the formula (a), -* represents a bond to one of C1 to C4.

[0220] In Formula 3, b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1. If b11 is 0, C1 and C2 may not be directly connected to each other. If b12 is 0, C2 and C3 may not be directly connected to each other. If b13 is 0, C3 and C4 may not be directly connected to each other.

[0221] In formula 3, R 61 to R 66 Each of the R-1 and R-2 groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 61 to R 66 Each independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0222] In Formula 3, d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4. In Formula 3, if d1 to d4 are each 0, the first compound may not be respectively R 61 to R 64 d1 to d4 are each 4 and R 61 to R 64 The case where each of the four groups is a hydrogen atom may be the same as the case where each of d1 to d4 is 0. When each of d1 to d4 is 2 or more, R 61 to R 64 The respective multiple groups may all be the same, or at least one of them may be different from the remaining groups.

[0223] In an embodiment, in Formula 3, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle represented by one of Formulas C-1 to C-4:

[0224]

[0225] In formula C-1 to formula C-4, P1 can be C-* or C(R 74 ); P2 can be N-* or N(R 81 ); P3 can be N-* or N(R 82 ); and P4 can be C-* or C(R88 ). In Formula C-1 to Formula C-4, R 71 to R 88 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0226] In Formula C-1 to Formula C-4, represents a bond to Pt as the central metal atom, and -* represents a bond to an adjacent cyclic group (C1 to C4) or to a linking portion (L 11 To L 13 ) key.

[0227] In an embodiment, the first compound represented by Formula 3 may be any compound selected from Compound Group 5. In an embodiment, in the light emitting element ED, the first compound as a phosphorescent compound may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 5:

[0228] [Compound Group 5]

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] In an embodiment, the light emitting layer EML may include a second compound. In an embodiment, the light emitting layer EML may include a second compound represented by Formula TE as a fluorescent compound:

[0232] [Formula TE]

[0233]

[0234] In formula TE, R1 to R 11 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0235] In the formula TE, R 12 and R 13 Each of R and R is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 12 and R 13 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0236] In an embodiment, the second compound represented by Formula TE may be any compound selected from Compound Group 6. In an embodiment, in the light-emitting element ED, the second compound as a fluorescent compound may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 6:

[0237] [Compound Group 6]

[0238]

[0239]

[0240] In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML in the light-emitting element ED may emit blue light. For example, the light-emitting layer EML of the light-emitting element ED may emit blue light having a wavelength region equal to or less than about 490 nm. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the light-emitting layer EML may emit green light or red light.

[0241] The light-emitting element ED according to the embodiment may include multiple light-emitting layers. The light-emitting layers may be stacked between a first electrode and a second electrode, so that, for example, the light-emitting element ED including multiple light-emitting layers can emit white light. The light-emitting element including multiple light-emitting layers may be a light-emitting element having a tandem structure. When the light-emitting element ED includes multiple light-emitting layers, at least one light-emitting layer EML may include an HT host, an ET host, a first compound, and a second compound.

[0242] In the light emitting element ED, the light emitting layer EML may include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, Derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives or triphenylene derivatives. For example, the light emitting layer EML may include anthracene derivatives or pyrene derivatives.

[0243] In accordance with Figures 5 to 10 In the light emitting element ED of the embodiment shown in FIG, the light emitting layer EML may further include a host and a dopant in addition to the HT host, the ET host, the first compound, and the second compound described above.

[0244] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 may be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0245] [Formula E-1]

[0246]

[0247] In formula E-1, R 31 to R 40Each of the R groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 31 to R 40 It may bond with an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring, or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0248] In Formula E-1, c and d may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5.

[0249] In an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula E-1 may be any compound selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19:

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] In an embodiment, the light emitting layer (EML) may include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be used as a host material of a phosphorescent light emitting element.

[0253] [Formula E-2a]

[0254]

[0255] In Formula E-2a, a may be an integer from 0 to 10; and La may be a directly attached, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. When a is 2 or greater, multiple La groups may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0256] In formula E-2a, A1 to A5 may each independently be N or C(R i ). In formula E-2a, R a to R iEach of the R groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R a to R i It may bond with an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring or heterocyclic ring containing N, O, S, etc. as a ring atom.

[0257] In formula E-2a, two or three of A1 to A5 may each be N, and the remaining groups of A1 to A5 may each independently be C(R i ).

[0258] [Formula E-2b]

[0259]

[0260] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazolyl group or a carbazolyl group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. b It can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In Formula E-2b, b can be an integer from 0 to 10. When b is 2 or greater, multiple L b The groups may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0261] In the embodiment, the compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be any compound selected from Compound Group E-2. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group E-2 are merely examples, and the compounds represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b are not limited to Compound Group E-2:

[0262] [Compound Group E-2]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266] In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may further include a material in the related art as a host material. For example, the light-emitting layer EML may include at least one of the following as a host material: bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazol-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(H-carbazol-1)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H -benzo [d] imidazole-2-yl) benzene (TPBi). However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3), 9,10-di (naphthalene-2-yl) anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di (naphthalene-2-yl) anthracene (TBADN), distyrene (DSA), 4,4'-bis (9-carbazolyl) -2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis (naphthalene-2-yl) anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis (triphenylsilyl) benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3), octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4), etc. can be used as the host material.

[0267] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula Ma. The compound represented by Formula Ma may serve as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0268] [Formula]

[0269]

[0270] In formula Ma, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 may each independently be C(R1) or N; and R1 to R4 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In formula Ma, m may be 0 or 1, and n may be 2 or 3. In formula Ma, when m is 0, n may be 3, and when m is 1, n may be 2.

[0271] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula Ma may be any compound selected from compound M-a1 to compound M-a25. However, compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are merely examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to compounds M-a1 to M-a25:

[0272]

[0273]

[0274] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by one of Formulas Fa to Fc. The compound represented by one of Formulas Fa to Fc may serve as a fluorescent dopant material.

[0275] [Formula]

[0276]

[0277] In formula Fa, R a to R j Two of them may be substituted independently by a group represented by *—NAr1Ar2. a to R j The remaining groups in the group not substituted by the group represented by *—NAr1Ar2 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0278] In the group represented by *-NAr1Ar2, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring atom.

[0279] [Formula Fb]

[0280]

[0281] In formula Fb, R a and R bIt can be each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In formula Fb, Ar1 to Ar4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, at least one of Ar1 to Ar4 can each independently be a heteroaryl group comprising O or S as a ring atom.

[0282] In formula Fb, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0283] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V (hereinafter referred to as the number of U and the number of V) can be each independently 0 or 1. When the number of U or V is 1, a fused ring can be present at the portion indicated by U or V, and when the number of U or V is 0, a fused ring can not be present at the portion indicated by U or V. When the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring of the fluorene core of formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. When the number of U and V is each 0, the fused ring of the fluorene core of formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. When the number of U and V is each 1, the fused ring of the fluorene core of formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0284] [Formula Fc]

[0285]

[0286] In Formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently be O, S, Se or N(R m ); and R m It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0287] In Formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently bond to a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. For example, when A1 and A2 are each independently N(R m ), A1 may be bonded to R4 or R5 to form a ring, and / or A2 may be bonded to R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0288] In an embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may further include styryl derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB) and N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalene-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi), 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene or its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene or its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc. as dopant materials in the related art.

[0289] The light-emitting layer EML may further include a phosphorescent dopant material of the related art. For example, a metal complex containing iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm) may be used as a phosphorescent dopant. For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C2) picolinate iridium (III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium (III) (FIr6), or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) may be used as a phosphorescent dopant. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0290] In embodiments, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include quantum dots. In the present disclosure, quantum dots may be crystals of a semiconductor compound. In embodiments, the quantum dots may emit light of various wavelengths depending on their size. In embodiments, the quantum dots may emit light of various wavelengths by adjusting the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound.

[0291] The diameter of the quantum dots may be, for example, in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm. The quantum dots may be synthesized by wet chemical processes, metal organic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, or similar processes.

[0292] The wet chemical process is a method of mixing an organic solvent and a precursor material and growing quantum dot particle crystals. While the crystals are growing, the organic solvent can naturally act as a dispersant that coordinates to the surface of the quantum dot crystals and can control the growth of the crystals. Therefore, the wet chemical process can be easier to perform than vapor deposition methods such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled through a low-cost process.

[0293] The quantum dots may include a II-VI compound, a III-V compound, a III-VI compound, a I-III-VI compound, a IV-VI compound, a Group IV element, a Group IV compound, or a combination thereof.

[0294] Examples of II-VI compounds may include binary compounds such as CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdS, and mixtures thereof; dZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof; and any combination thereof.

[0295] Examples of Group III-VI compounds may include binary compounds such as In 2 S 3 or In 2 Se 3 ; ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 or InGaSe 3 ; and any combination thereof.

[0296] Examples of Group I-III-VI compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2 or CuInGaS2; and any combination thereof.

[0297] Examples of III-V compounds may include binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as GaNPs, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNPs, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNPs, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNPs, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNPs, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof; and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the III-V compound may also include a Group II metal. Examples of III-II-V compounds may include InZnP, etc.

[0298] Examples of Group IV-VI compounds may include binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof; and any combination thereof. Examples of Group IV elements may include Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Examples of Group IV compounds may include binary compounds such as SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0299] Each element included in a compound such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound may be present in a particle in a uniform concentration distribution or in a non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, a formula may indicate the elements included in the compound, but the element ratio of the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS2 may indicate AgInGaS2. x Ga 1-x S2 (where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0300] In an embodiment, a quantum dot may have a core / shell structure in which a quantum dot surrounds another quantum dot. A quantum dot having a core / shell structure may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of an element present in the shell decreases toward the center.

[0301] In an embodiment, a quantum dot may have the aforementioned core / shell structure, comprising a core containing nanocrystals and a shell surrounding the core. The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties, and / or may serve as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be single-layer or multi-layer. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include metal oxides, non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0302] Examples of metal oxides or non-metal oxides may include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4 and NiO; or ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 or CoMn2O4, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0303] Examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0304] The quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum equal to or less than about 45 nm. For example, the quantum dots may have a FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum equal to or less than about 40 nm. For example, the quantum dots may have a FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum equal to or less than about 30 nm. Within any of the above ranges, color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. Light emitted by the quantum dots may be emitted in all directions, thereby improving a wide viewing angle.

[0305] The form of the quantum dot is not particularly limited and may be any form used in the relevant field. For example, the quantum dot may have a spherical shape, a pyramidal shape, a multi-arm shape, or a cubic shape, or the quantum dot may be in the form of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, etc.

[0306] As the size of the quantum dots is adjusted or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound is adjusted, the energy band gap can be controlled accordingly, so that light in various wavelength ranges can be obtained from the quantum dot light-emitting layer. Therefore, by utilizing quantum dots as described above (using quantum dots of different sizes or having different ratios of elements in the quantum dot compound), a light-emitting element that emits light in various wavelengths can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots can be adjusted or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound can be adjusted to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. In an embodiment, the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0307] In such Figures 5 to 10 In the light emitting element ED according to the embodiment shown in each figure, an electron transport region ETR may be provided on the light emitting layer EML. The electron transport region ETR may include at least one of a hole blocking layer HBL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0308] The electron transport region ETR may have a structure composed of a layer composed of a single material, a structure composed of layers composed of different materials, or a structure composed of a plurality of layers composed of different materials.

[0309] For example, the electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer EIL or an electron transport layer ETL, or may have a single-layer structure formed of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure formed of different materials, or may have a structure in which the electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL, the hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL are stacked from the light emitting layer EML in the order of their respective statements, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may have, for example, a structure of about to approximately The thickness is within the range of .

[0310] The electron transport region ETR may be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0311] In the light emitting element ED according to the embodiment, the electron transport region ETR may include a compound represented by Formula ET-2:

[0312] [Formula ET-2]

[0313]

[0314] In formula ET-2, at least one of X1 to X3 may each be N; and the remaining groups of X1 to X3 may each independently be C(R a ). In formula ET-2, R a It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In Formula ET-2, Ar1 to Ar3 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0315] In Formula ET-2, a to c may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1 to L3 may each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. When a to c are each 2 or greater, multiple groups of each of L1 to L3 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0316] The electron transport region ETR may include an anthracene compound. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the electron transport region ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(4 -biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(10-hydroxybenzoquinolinolato)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) or a mixture thereof.

[0317] In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR may include at least one compound selected from compound ET1 to compound ET36:

[0318]

[0319]

[0320]

[0321]

[0322] In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR may include: a metal halide such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI; a lanthanide metal such as Yb; or a co-deposited material of a metal halide and a lanthanide metal. For example, the electron transport region ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, LiF:Yb, etc. as a co-deposited material. The electron transport region ETR may include a metal oxide such as Li2O or BaO or (8-hydroxyquinoline) lithium (Liq), etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR may include a mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt. The organic metal salt may be a material having an energy band gap equal to or greater than about 4 eV. For example, the organic metal salt may include a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetoacetate, a metal acetylacetonate, or a metal stearate.

[0323] In addition to the above materials, the electron transport region ETR may further include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0324] The electron transport region ETR may include the above-mentioned compound of the electron transport region in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL.

[0325] In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential. The electron transport region ETR may include a compound having a positive giant surface potential in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL.

[0326] When the compound having a positive giant surface potential is included in the electron transport region ETR having a multi-layer structure, the compound having a positive giant surface potential may be included in a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer EML. For example, the compound having a positive giant surface potential may be included in the hole blocking layer HBL, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0327] The compound having a positive giant surface potential included in the electron transport region ETR may be represented by Formula 4 as described above, and may be any compound selected from Compound Group 4. The compound having a positive giant surface potential included in the electron transport region ETR may be the same as or different from the electron transport host compound included in the light emitting layer EML.

[0328] When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL, the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL may be about 100 Å. to approximately For example, the electron transport layer ETL may have a to approximately If the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies any of the aforementioned ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL, the electron injection layer EIL may have a thickness of about to approximately For example, the electron injection layer EIL may have a thickness in the range of about to approximately If the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies any range within the above ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0329] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0330] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.

[0331] When the second electrode EL2 is a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transmissive reflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the above metal materials, a combination of at least two of the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal materials.

[0332] Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may be electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode If the second electrode EL2 is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0333] In an embodiment, the light emitting element ED may further include a cover layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2. The cover layer CPL may have a multi-layer structure or a single-layer structure.

[0334] In an embodiment, the cover layer CPL may include an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (eg, LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound (eg, MgF2), SiON, SiN x 、SiO y wait.

[0335] For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or may include an epoxy resin or an acrylate resin such as methacrylate. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the cover layer CPL may include at least one of compounds P1 to P5:

[0336]

[0337] The refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be equal to or greater than about 1.6. For example, with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be equal to or greater than about 1.6.

[0338] Figures 11 to 14 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, DD-c according to an embodiment. Figures 11 to 14 The display devices DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, and DD-c according to the embodiment shown in FIG will not be described again. Figures 3 to 10 Features described, and different features will be described.

[0339] refer to Figure 11 The display device DD-a according to the embodiment may include a display panel DP, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL, wherein the display panel DP includes a display device layer DP-ED. Figure 11In the embodiment shown in , the display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display device layer DP-ED, and the display device layer DP-ED may include a light emitting element ED.

[0340] The light emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, a light emitting layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the light emitting layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. Figure 11 The structure of the light emitting element ED shown in FIG can be the same as that according to the above-described Figures 5 to 10 The structure of one of the light-emitting elements is the same.

[0341] refer to Figure 11 The light-emitting layer EML may be disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL. For example, the light-emitting layer EML, separated by the pixel-defining film PDL and provided to correspond to each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, may emit light within the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a, the light-emitting layer EML may emit blue light. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may be provided as a common layer for all of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0342] A light control layer (CCL) may be provided on the display panel DP. The light control layer (CCL) may include a light converter. The light converter may be, for example, quantum dots or phosphors. The light converter may convert the wavelength of provided light and emit the resulting light. For example, the light control layer (CCL) may include a layer including quantum dots or a layer including phosphors.

[0343] The light-control layer CCL may include light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be spaced apart from each other.

[0344] refer to Figure 11 , the separation pattern BMP may be disposed between the light-controlling parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 that are spaced apart from each other, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. Figure 11 , it is shown that the separation pattern BMP does not overlap with the light-controlling parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 , but edges of the light-controlling parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 may overlap with at least a portion of the separation pattern BMP.

[0345] The light control layer CCL may include a first light control portion CCP1 including first quantum dots QD1 that convert the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED into second color light, a second light control portion CCP2 including second quantum dots QD2 that convert the first color light into third color light, and a third light control portion CCP3 that transmits the first color light.

[0346] In an embodiment, the first light-control part CCP1 can provide red light as the second color light, and the second light-control part CCP2 can provide green light as the third color light. The third light-control part CCP3 can provide blue light by transmitting the blue light provided as the first color light from the light-emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 can be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 can be a green quantum dot. The quantum dots QD1 and QD2 can each be a quantum dot as described above.

[0347] The light-control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light-control part CCP1 may include first quantum dots QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light-control part CCP2 may include second quantum dots QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light-control part CCP3 may not include any quantum dots but may include a scatterer SP.

[0348] The scatterers SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterers SP may include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2 (e.g., hollow silica). The scatterers SP may include one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2 (e.g., hollow silica), or may be a mixture of at least two materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2 (e.g., hollow silica).

[0349] The first light-control part CCP1, the second light-control part CCP2, and the third light-control part CCP3 may include base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed. In an embodiment, the first light-control part CCP1 may include the first quantum dots QD1 and the scatterers SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light-control part CCP2 may include the second quantum dots QD2 and the scatterers SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light-control part CCP3 may include the scatterers SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0350] The matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are media in which the quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and the scatterers SP are dispersed, and may include various resin compositions, which may be referred to as adhesives. For example, the matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, and the like. The matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may each be a transparent resin. In an embodiment, the first matrix resin BR1, the second matrix resin BR2, and the third matrix resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0351] The light control layer CCL may include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 may prevent the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter, referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 may block the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. The barrier layer BFL1 may cover the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In an embodiment, a barrier layer BFL2 may be provided between the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the optical filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0352] Barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently include at least one inorganic layer. For example, barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently include an inorganic material. For example, barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, or a metal film that ensures transmittance. Barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may also each independently include an organic film. Barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0353] In the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. In an embodiment, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed directly on the light control layer CCL. For example, the blocking layer BFL2 may be omitted.

[0354] The color filter layer CFL may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF1 that transmits the second color light, a second color filter CF2 that transmits the third color light, and a third color filter CF3 that transmits the first color light. For example, the first color filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second color filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third color filter CF3 may be a blue filter. The filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may each include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first color filter CF1 may include a red pigment or dye, the second color filter CF2 may include a green pigment or dye, and the third color filter CF3 may include a blue pigment or dye.

[0355] However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the third color filter CF3 may not include a pigment or dye. The third color filter CF3 may include a polymer photosensitive resin and may not include a pigment or dye. The third color filter CF3 may be transparent. The third color filter CF3 may be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0356] In an embodiment, the first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may each be a yellow color filter.The first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may not be provided as separate color filters, and may be provided as a single color filter.

[0357] Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-blocking portion (not shown). The light-blocking portion (not shown) may be a black matrix. The light-blocking portion (not shown) may include an organic light-shielding material or an inorganic light-shielding material, each containing a black pigment or a black dye. The light-blocking portion (not shown) may prevent light leakage and may separate adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0358] The first, second, and third color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be disposed such that they correspond to the red, green, and blue light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, respectively.

[0359] A base substrate BL may be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may provide a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL and the light control layer CCL are disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in embodiments, the base substrate BL may be omitted.

[0360] Figure 12 : is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a display device DD-TD according to an embodiment. In the display device DD-TD according to an embodiment, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other and light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 stacked in a thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may each include a hole transport region HTR ( Figure 11 )、Light Emitting Layer EML ( Figure 11 ) and electron transport region ETR( Figure 11 ).

[0361] For example, the light emitting elements ED-BT included in the display devices DD-TD may be light emitting elements having a tandem structure and including a plurality of light emitting layers.

[0362] exist Figure 12 In the embodiment shown in FIG, the light emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may each be blue light. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the light emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may have different wavelength ranges. For example, the light emitting element ED-BT including the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 that emit light having different wavelength ranges may emit white light.

[0363] The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may each be disposed between two adjacent light emitting structures among the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may each independently include a p-type charge generation layer and / or an n-type charge generation layer.

[0364] Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD-b according to an embodiment. Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD-c according to an embodiment.

[0365] refer to Figure 13 , the display device DD-b according to the embodiment may include light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in which two light emitting layers are stacked. Figure 4 Compared with the display device DD shown in Figure 13 The embodiment shown in FIG differs at least in that the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 each include two light-emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, the two light-emitting layers can emit light in the same wavelength region.

[0366] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red light-emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red light-emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green light-emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green light-emitting layer EML-G2. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2. The emission auxiliary portion OG may be provided between the first red light-emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green light-emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2.

[0367] The emission auxiliary portion OG may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The emission auxiliary portion OG may include a charge generation layer. For example, the emission auxiliary portion OG may include an electron transport region, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport region that may be stacked in the following order. The emission auxiliary portion OG may be provided as a common layer for the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the emission auxiliary portion OG may be provided by patterning within the opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL.

[0368] The first red light emitting layer EML-R1, the first green light emitting layer EML-G1, and the first blue light emitting layer EML-B1 may each be disposed between the emission auxiliary portion OG and the electron transport region ETR. The second red light emitting layer EML-R2, the second green light emitting layer EML-G2, and the second blue light emitting layer EML-B2 may each be disposed between the hole transport region HTR and the emission auxiliary portion OG.

[0369] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first red light-emitting layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are stacked in the following order. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first green light-emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are stacked in the following order. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are stacked in the following order.

[0370] An optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display device layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display panel DP and may control light reflected from external light at the display panel DP. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the optical auxiliary layer PL may be omitted from the display device DD-b.

[0371] and Figure 12 and Figure 13 compared to, Figure 14A display device DD-c is shown, differing in that it includes at least four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other, and a first light-emitting structure OL-B1, a second light-emitting structure OL-B2, a third light-emitting structure OL-B3, and a fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 stacked in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may each be disposed between two adjacent light-emitting structures among the first light-emitting structure OL-B1, the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, the third light-emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may each independently include a p-type charge generation layer and / or an n-type charge generation layer.

[0372] Among the four light emitting structures, the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, and the third light emitting structure OL-B3 may each emit blue light, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the third light emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit light in different wavelength regions.

[0373] In an embodiment, an electronic device may include a display device and a control unit for controlling the display device, wherein the display device includes a display having a plurality of light-emitting elements. The electronic device may be a device activated by an electrical signal. The electronic device may include a display device according to various embodiments. Examples of the electronic device may include large, medium, and small electronic devices such as televisions, monitors, billboards, personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants, display devices for vehicles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, smart watches, and cameras.

[0374] Figure 15 1 is a schematic diagram of the interior of a vehicle AM ​​in which a first display device DD-1, a second display device DD-2, a third display device DD-3, and a fourth display device DD-4 are provided. At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may have a display device according to the above reference. Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figures 11 to 14 The structure of one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c is described.

[0375] Figure 15Although a vehicle AM ​​is shown, this is merely an example, and the first display device DD-1, second display device DD-2, third display device DD-3, and fourth display device DD-4 may be installed in various modes of transportation, such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships, and airplanes. In an embodiment, at least one of the first display device DD-1, second display device DD-2, third display device DD-3, and fourth display device DD-4, each having a structure corresponding to one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c, may be included in a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television, a monitor, or a billboard. However, these are provided merely as examples, and the display device may be included in other electronic devices.

[0376] At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may each independently include a display device as shown in FIG. Figures 5 to 10 The light emitting element ED according to the embodiment is described in any of the figures in FIG.

[0377] refer to Figure 15 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a shift lever GR for operating the vehicle AM. The vehicle AM ​​may include a front window GL disposed to face the driver.

[0378] The first display device DD-1 may be disposed in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument cluster that displays first information about the vehicle AM. The first information may include a first scale indicating the vehicle AM's travel speed, a second scale indicating the engine speed (e.g., in revolutions per minute (RPM)), an image representing a fuel gauge, and the like. The first scale and the second scale may each be represented by a digital image.

[0379] The second display device DD-2 can be set in a second area facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat can be the seat where the steering wheel HA is set. For example, the second display device DD-2 can be a head-up display (HUD) that displays second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 can be optically transparent. The second information can include a digital number indicating the driving speed and can also include information such as the current time. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the second information of the second display device DD-2 can be displayed by being projected onto the front window GL.

[0380] The third display device DD-3 may be positioned in a third area adjacent to the shift lever GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be positioned between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and may be a central information display (CID) for the vehicle that displays third information. The passenger seat may be spaced apart from the driver's seat, and the shift lever GR may be positioned between the driver's seat and the passenger seat. The third information may include information about traffic conditions (e.g., navigation information), information about currently playing music or radio, information about displayed videos (or images), information about the temperature inside the vehicle AM, and the like.

[0381] The fourth display device DD-4 may be spaced apart from the steering wheel HA and the shift lever GR and may be disposed in a fourth area adjacent to a side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror that displays fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the exterior of the vehicle AM ​​captured by a camera module CM disposed outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include an image of the exterior of the vehicle AM.

[0382] The first to fourth information described above are provided as examples only, and the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may further display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth information may include different information. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include the same information.

[0383] Hereinafter, the light emitting element according to the embodiment will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. The examples shown below are provided only to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0384] [Example]

[0385] 1. Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0386] On it, an ITO layer (approximately ) / Ag(approx. ) / ITO(approx. ) as an anode was cut into a size of approximately 50 mm × approximately 50 mm × approximately 0.7 mm, and each cut glass substrate was ultrasonically cleaned using isopropyl alcohol and pure water for approximately 5 minutes, cleaned by irradiating with ultraviolet light for approximately 30 minutes and exposing to ozone, and mounted in a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0387] A 1-D CMOS process with a thickness of approximately 100 nm was formed by depositing compound H-1-3 and p-dopant (F4-TCNQ) at a ratio of 99:1 on the anode. A hole injection layer having a thickness of about 1000 nm is formed by depositing compound H-1-3 on the hole injection layer. A hole transport layer having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed by depositing compound HT33 on the hole transport layer. The thickness of the electron blocking layer is .

[0388] The electron blocking layer having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed by co-depositing a host mixture in which an HT host and an ET host are mixed in a ratio of 5:5, a first compound, and a second compound on the electron blocking layer in a weight ratio of about 89:10:1. The materials listed in Table 2 below were used as the HT host, the ET host, the first compound, and the second compound.

[0389] The ETH66 compound is deposited on the light-emitting layer to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of about A hole blocking layer having a thickness of about 1000 nm was formed by depositing compound ET1 and Liq at a ratio of 5:5 on the hole blocking layer. An electron transport layer having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed by depositing Yb on the electron transport layer. An electron injection layer having a thickness of about A second AgMg electrode having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed on the second electrode. The thickness of the covering layer.

[0390] The compounds used in manufacturing the light-emitting elements according to Examples and Comparative Examples were obtained by sublimation purification of commercially available products and used for manufacturing the elements.

[0391] [Compounds used in manufacturing light-emitting elements]

[0392]

[0393] 2. Evaluation of the properties of luminescent materials and characteristics of light-emitting devices

[0394] 1) Evaluation of the properties of luminescent materials

[0395] The properties of the HT host, ET host, and first compound used as light-emitting materials in the light-emitting elements according to the examples and comparative examples were evaluated by simulation and are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the property results of compound HT33, compound HT1-1, compound ETH66, compound ET1-1, and compound 13. In Table 1, HOMO is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, and LUMO is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level. GSP was calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to simulate the structure of the deposited film and analyze the molecular dipole orientation in the organic film.

[0396] [Table 1]

[0397]

[0398] Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that compounds HT1-1 and ET1-1, used as HT hosts and ET hosts, respectively, exhibit negative GSP values ​​and thus have lower giant surface potentials than the first compound having a positive GSP value. It can be seen that compounds HT33 and ETH66 each have a positive GSP value.

[0399] 2) Characteristics of light-emitting elements

[0400] Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the light emitting elements according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. Figure 16 Table 2 shows the relative luminous efficiency, relative lifespan and maximum capacitance (C) of the light emitting elements according to Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. max ). In order to evaluate the characteristics of the light-emitting elements according to Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, the luminous efficiency and lifespan at about 1000 nits were measured using a Keithley MU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, and when the luminous efficiency and lifespan of Comparative Example 1 were set to 100%, the luminous efficiency and lifespan of the examples were shown as relative proportions. Impedance was measured from 0 V to 5 V in capacitance-voltage mode and shown in FIG. Figure 16 and the maximum capacitance value is calculated and shown in Table 2 as the maximum capacitance (C max ).

[0401] [Table 2]

[0402]

[0403]

[0404] Referring to the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Example 1 has a lower C maxAnd higher luminous efficiency and lifespan.

[0405] Referring to Table 2, the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 1 includes a first compound having a high positive GSP value in the light-emitting layer, and includes a HT host and an ET host having positive GSP values, and thus exhibits lower luminous efficiency and lower lifespan than the light-emitting element according to Example. Referring to Tables 2 and Figure 16 , it can be seen that the light emitting element according to Comparative Example 1 exhibits a higher C max characteristics, and the injection voltage (IV) of the light emitting element according to Comparative Example 1 shifts to a low voltage region.

[0406] Compared with these, in the light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 and 2, at least one of the HT host and the ET host included in the light-emitting layer has a negative GSP value, so that the light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 and 2 exhibit higher luminous efficiency and longer life than the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 1. Referring to Tables 2 and Figure 16 , it can be seen that the light emitting elements according to Examples 1 and 2 exhibit lower C compared to the light emitting element according to Comparative Example 1. max characteristics, and its injection voltage moves to the high voltage region.

[0407] The light emitting element according to the embodiment may have lower capacitance and may exhibit improved light emitting characteristics. Therefore, the light emitting element according to the embodiment may have improved light emitting efficiency and lifespan.

[0408] The display device according to the embodiment may include the above-described light emitting element to provide improved image quality.

[0409] Embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although terms are employed, they are used and interpreted in a general and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some cases, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with an embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with other embodiments, unless otherwise specifically stated. Accordingly, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting element, wherein: The light emitting element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; and The light-emitting layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein The light-emitting layer includes: hole transport host compounds; electron transport host compounds; phosphorescent compounds; and fluorescent compounds, and At least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound has a giant surface potential lower than that of the phosphorescent compound.

2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The phosphorescent compound has a positive giant surface potential.

3. The light-emitting element according to claim 2, wherein At least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound has a negative giant surface potential.

4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The electron transport host compound and the phosphorescent compound each have a positive giant surface potential, and The hole transport host compound has a negative giant surface potential. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein The phosphorescent compound has a positive giant surface potential, and The hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound each have a negative giant surface potential. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein The hole transport host compound is represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 In formula 1, R1 to R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, n1 is an integer from 0 to 5, n2 is an integer from 0 to 3, and n3 to n5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 4.

7. The light-emitting element according to claim 6, wherein The hole transport host compound is selected from compound group 1: Compound Group 1 8. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The electron transport host compound is represented by Formula 2: Formula 2 In formula 2, L e1 To L e3 are each independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Ar e1 to Ar e3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and When L e1 To L e3 When they are directly connected, exclude Ar e1 to Ar e3 The case where each is substituted by a triphenylsilyl group.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein The electron transport host compound is selected from compound group 2: Compound Group 2 10. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The phosphorescent compound is represented by Formula 3: Formula 3 Among them, in formula 3, Q1 to Q4 are each independently C or N, C1 to C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 Each is independently connected to the a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, b11 to b13 are each independently 0 or 1, R 61 to R 66 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and d1 to d4 are each independently an integer of 0 to 4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein The fluorescent compound emits delayed fluorescence.

12. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The light emitting element further comprises: A hole transport region is provided between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer, wherein: The hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an auxiliary light emitting layer, and an electron blocking layer.

13. The light-emitting element according to claim 12, wherein The hole transport region includes a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

14. The light-emitting element according to claim 13, wherein The hole transport region includes: The hole injection layer is provided on the first electrode; The hole transport layer is disposed on the hole injection layer; and The electron blocking layer is disposed on the hole transport layer, and The electron blocking layer includes a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

15. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The light emitting element further comprises: An electron transport region is provided between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode, wherein: The electron transport region includes at least one of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

16. The light-emitting element according to claim 15, wherein The electron transport region includes a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

17. The light-emitting element according to claim 16, wherein The electron transport region includes: The hole blocking layer is provided on the light-emitting layer; The electron transport layer is disposed on the hole blocking layer; and The electron injection layer is disposed on the electron transport layer, and The hole blocking layer includes a compound having a positive giant surface potential.

18. A display device, wherein: The display device includes: A circuit layer is provided on the base layer; a pixel defining film, disposed on the circuit layer; and A plurality of light emitting elements are arranged on the circuit layer, wherein: A plurality of pixel openings are defined in the pixel definition film, Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements includes a light-emitting layer, The light-emitting layer includes: hole transport host compounds; electron transport host compounds; phosphorescent compounds; and fluorescent compounds, and At least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound has a giant surface potential lower than that of the phosphorescent compound.

19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein: The display device further includes: a light-control layer comprising quantum dots; and A color filter layer is provided on the light control layer, wherein: The color filter layer includes: a first color filter, transmitting red light; a second color filter that transmits green light; and The third color filter transmits blue light.

20. The display device according to claim 18, wherein At least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound has a negative giant surface potential.

21. An electronic device, wherein: The electronic device comprises: The display panel includes a plurality of light emitting elements. Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; and The light-emitting layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein The light-emitting layer includes: hole transport host compounds; electron transport host compounds; phosphorescent compounds; and fluorescent compounds, and At least one of the hole transport host compound and the electron transport host compound has a giant surface potential lower than that of the phosphorescent compound.

22. The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein The electronic device is a television, a monitor, a billboard, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a display device for a vehicle, a game console, a portable electronic device, a smart watch, or a camera.

Images