Cultivation frame group structure and cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass

Abstract

The invention relates to a forage grass cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation frame group structure and a cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass. The cultivation frame group structure comprises a cultivation frame body and cultivation plates, the cultivation plates are detachably installed on the cultivation frame body, and the cultivation frame body is provided with a cultivation face g and a light supplementing face h; the cultivation frame bodies are arranged at intervals in a height increasing mode to form a cultivation frame group, and the cultivation faces g of the cultivation frame bodies are located on the side away from the height increasing arrangement direction of the cultivation frame group. A cultivation frame group structure is adopted for planting pasture, indoor space is saved, the indoor cultivation area g volume of the pasture is increased, a user can conveniently cultivate the pasture at any time through the detachable cultivation plates, the pasture is arranged at intervals in a height increasing mode, so that the pasture can absorb sunlight more sufficiently, and light supplementing lamps are installed on the cultivation frames, so that the pasture can be conveniently and rapidly cultivated. Under the condition of insufficient sunlight, the cultivation efficiency and the cultivation quality of the pasture can be improved through the light supplementing lamp, and the cultivation mode of the perennial pasture is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a forage grass cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation frame group structure and a cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass. Background Art

[0002] Perennial forage grasses (such as alfalfa, ryegrass, and sheepgrass) are important feed sources for the livestock industry. They can provide high-protein, high-fiber, high-quality forage grasses, supporting the breeding of livestock such as dairy cows, beef cattle, and sheep. Compared with annual forage grasses, perennial forage grasses can be used continuously for 3-10 years after planting once, reducing the annual plowing and sowing costs and labor input. Moreover, perennial forage grasses have strong resistance to stress (such as drought and cold resistance), can provide stable yields under different climatic conditions, and reduce the risk of seasonal feed shortages.

[0003] With the development of modern agricultural technology, the cultivation of perennial forage grasses in facilities (such as greenhouses, sheds, hydroponics, etc.) has gradually been used in specific scenarios. However, the current cultivation of perennial forage grasses is still dominated by traditional open-field cultivation. Nationwide, the proportion of cultivated area of ​​facility forage grasses is still relatively small, and the current perennial forage grass facility cultivation is merely the transfer of the open-field cultivation model to the greenhouse, and there are few improvements in the cultivation methods. The cultivation of perennial forage grasses is generally still in a relatively primitive stage.

[0004] In view of the above shortcomings, we need to develop a cultivation rack structure and a cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass to meet the needs of the majority of users. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the fact that the existing cultivation technology of perennial forage grass mentioned above is still mainly based on traditional open-field planting, and there are few improvements in the cultivation methods of perennial forage grass, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: A cultivation rack group structure includes several cultivation racks and several cultivation boards, wherein the cultivation boards are detachably mounted on the cultivation racks, one side of the cultivation racks is a cultivation surface g for cultivating crop seedlings, and the other side of the cultivation racks is a fill light surface h for installing fill lights. Several cultivation racks are arranged at intervals in increasing height to form a cultivation rack group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation racks is located on the side away from the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group.

[0006] The cultivation rack group structure as described above also includes a harvesting device for mowing cultivated crops and a transfer device for transporting cultivated crops. The harvesting device and the transfer device are respectively installed on several cultivation racks near the cultivation plates. The harvesting device includes a harvesting tool for cutting the cultivated crops and a harvesting drive for driving the harvesting tool. The transfer device includes a conveyor belt for transporting cultivated crops and a conveying drive for driving the conveyor belt.

[0007] A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass, the cultivation method comprising: S1. Forage cultivation: Forage seedlings are cultivated on indoor cultivation frames using a soilless cultivation method, and a water-fertilizer integrated system is used to mix and form a nutrient solution to provide nutrients for the cultivation of forage seedlings; S2. Environmental control: using a cultivation environment control system to adjust the indoor environmental parameters where the forage is cultivated, the environmental parameters including indoor light intensity, indoor temperature, indoor humidity and indoor carbon dioxide concentration; S3. Forage mowing: When the forage is in a mowing stage, the forage is mowed using a harvesting device to obtain forage mowing raw materials; S4. Forage transfer: After the forage is cut, a transfer device is used to transport the forage cut materials to the warehouse.

[0008] The above-mentioned cultivation method suitable for growing perennial forage grass, wherein the indoor light intensity is controlled between 342umol / ㎡ / s and 778umol / ㎡ / s; The indoor temperature is controlled between 20 degrees and 30 degrees, and the indoor humidity is controlled below 90%; The indoor carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be above 300 PPM.

[0009] The cultivation method for growing perennial forage grasses as described above comprises a cultivation environment control system in which fill lights are installed on the fill light surfaces h of a plurality of cultivation racks and the lights are directed toward the cultivation surface g of an adjacent cultivation rack. The cultivation environment control system uses temperature probes and / or mercury thermometers to monitor indoor temperature. Several temperature probes and / or mercury thermometers are distributed at intervals on different cultivation racks to collect temperature data and transmit it back to the cultivation environment control system. The cultivation environment control system uses a fresh air system to control indoor temperature and indoor humidity. When the indoor temperature is greater than a preset range or the humidity is greater than a preset range, the fresh air system is started to supply air for cooling; The cultivation environment control system uses a gas sensor to monitor the indoor carbon dioxide concentration, and uses a carbon dioxide container or a carbon dioxide generator equipped with a solenoid valve to maintain the indoor carbon dioxide concentration within a preset range. The gas sensor is connected to the solenoid valve to open the solenoid valve when the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is lower than the preset range.

[0010] The above-mentioned cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grasses, after the step of mowing the forage grasses in step S3, further comprises: S301, after the forage is cut, the forage is cut and cared for; Wherein, the mowing care adopts one of the following: No pesticides should be applied within 2 natural days after mowing; Apply fungicide after the third natural day after mowing; Prepare and replenish nutrient solution after mowing; Clean up mowing residues; After mowing, the light intensity is reduced to 342umol / ㎡ / s and gradually adjusted to the preset light intensity range during the growth period; Mow grass where roots are abnormal or dead.

[0011] As described above, a cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grasses is described, wherein adjacent cultivation frames are arranged relatively parallel to each other, and a plurality of cultivation frames are arranged at intervals in an increasing height manner to form a cultivation frame group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame is located on the side away from the increasing height arrangement direction of the cultivation frame group.

[0012] The above-mentioned cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grasses, before the step of mowing the forage grasses in step S3, further comprises: S501, forage seedling raising period: During the forage seedling raising period, the substrate is filled into the planting container, holes are punched in the substrate in the planting container, seeds are sown into the substrate, and the substrate is filled into the planting container after sowing; S502, forage planting period: During the forage seedling planting period, forage seedlings with 3 or more sprouts per hole are selected for planting. The forage seedlings are transplanted together with the substrate into the planting container, with the roots of the forage seedlings passing through the bottom of the planting container; S503, forage grass growth period: during the growth period of cultivating forage grass seedlings, the nutrient solution is sprayed onto the roots of the forage grass seedlings in an atomized manner.

[0013] A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass as described above, wherein the indoor light intensity during the forage grass planting period is controlled at 342 umol / ㎡ / s, and the light cycle is 12 hours; The indoor light intensity during the forage growth period is controlled at 585umol / ㎡ / s, and the light cycle is 12 hours; The pH value of the nutrient solution during the forage growth period is controlled between 6.0 and 7.5, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1100 μs and 1400 μs.

[0014] A cultivation method suitable for growing perennial forage grass as described above, wherein during the growth period of the forage grass, one of the following pest and disease prevention measures is adopted; Physical control measures such as yellow-blue boards, insect traps, and sticky traps, or a combination of these; Biological control measures using natural enemies of pests, insect pheromones, or a combination of these; A chemical control measure is adopted in which insecticides are rotated with a frequency of 7 to 10 natural days per cycle.

[0015] The above-mentioned cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass, wherein the step S3, mowing the forage grass, further comprises: S302, after the forage grass is mowed, the stubble height is between 5 cm and 8 cm, or the stubble height is flush with the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame; Wherein, the mowing stage includes: Forage plant height ≥40cm; The natural growth days are ≥15 days; cp crude protein content ≥22%.

[0016] The above-mentioned cultivation method suitable for growing perennial forage grasses, wherein the water-fertilizer integrated system includes a nutrient solution temporary storage tank, a filtration device, a water-fertilizer integrated device, and an atomizing nozzle, and after the step of cultivating forage grasses in step S1, further includes: S101, recovering nutrient solution: the cultivation frame for growing forage grass is connected to a temporary nutrient solution storage tank, in which the nutrient solution remaining after the forage grass has absorbed the nutrient solution is recovered and stored; S102, filtering the nutrient solution: The recovered nutrient solution is filtered through a filtering device to filter out impurities other than the nutrient solution, and the filtered nutrient solution is supplied to the water-fertilizer integrated device; S103, mixing nutrient solution: the water-fertilizer integrated equipment mixes water and fertilizer to form a mixed nutrient solution, the filtered nutrient solution is added to the mixed nutrient solution and supplied to the cultivation frame; S104, secondary supply of nutrient solution: the cultivation frame sprays the nutrient solution supplied by the water-fertilizer integrated equipment to the roots of the forage grass through the atomizing nozzle; S105, fertilizer supplementation: During the process of the water-fertilizer integrated system recovering the nutrient solution or filtering the nutrient solution, the EC value in the nutrient solution is detected. When the EC value is lower than 1100 μs, fertilizer is supplemented to the nutrient solution until the EC value is controlled between 1100 μs and 1400 μs.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention adopts a cultivation rack group structure to plant forage grass, saving indoor space and increasing the indoor cultivation area of ​​forage grass. The detachable cultivation plates are convenient for users to maintain the cultivation of forage grass at any time. The forage grass is also arranged at intervals in an increasing height manner, so that the forage grass can more fully absorb sunlight. A fill light is installed on the cultivation rack. When there is insufficient sunlight, the fill light can be used to improve the cultivation efficiency and cultivation quality of forage grass, thereby improving the cultivation method of perennial forage grass.

[0018] 2. The present invention adopts an integrated water-fertilizer system to provide nutrient solution for soilless cultivated forage grass, realizes the effect of automatic mixing, supply and recycling secondary supply, improves the utilization rate of nutrient solution, and reduces the labor intensity of manual replacement and replenishment of nutrient solution. On this basis, a cultivation environment control system is also adopted to realize automatic control of indoor light intensity, indoor temperature, indoor humidity and indoor carbon dioxide concentration, reduces the labor intensity of manual adjustment of environmental parameters, simplifies the control process, and ensures efficient output and high-quality output of forage grass cultivation; in addition, a harvesting device is used to automatically harvest forage grass, reducing the labor intensity of manual participation in forage grass mowing. The harvested forage grass raw materials can also be transported to the warehouse through a transfer device, reducing the labor intensity of manual participation in forage grass transportation, and improving the overall degree of automation of perennial forage grass in various operations such as seedling cultivation, environmental control, mowing and transportation, improving the quality of cultivation output, improving cultivation output efficiency, reducing the cost and dependence on human resources, and effectively improving the cultivation method of perennial forage grass. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of a cultivation rack of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the forward structure of a cultivation rack of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of .

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the steps of a cultivation method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral arrangement structure of a cultivation rack group structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of forage transport and delivery using a cultivation rack group structure according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Example 1: like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 The structure of a cultivation rack group shown in the figure includes several cultivation racks 1 and several cultivation boards 2, and the cultivation boards 2 can be detachably installed on the cultivation racks 1. One side of the cultivation rack 1 is a cultivation surface g for cultivating seedlings of cultivated crops 8, and the other side of the cultivation rack 1 is a fill light surface h for installing a fill light 61. Several of the cultivation racks 1 are arranged at intervals in increasing height to form a cultivation rack group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation rack 1 is located on the side away from the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group.

[0027] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the cultivated crop 8 may be a plant belonging to the category of perennial forage grasses, such as alfalfa, ryegrass, and sheepgrass, preferably alfalfa.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cultivation frame 1 is a specific cultivation unit that constitutes the cultivation frame group, which is used to provide a cultivation location for cultivated crops 8. Several cultivation boards 2 are installed on the cultivation frame 1 through the board mounting slots 11. Each cultivation board 2 can plant multiple cultivated crops 8 at the same time. The cultivated crops 8 are planted in the planting pits of the cultivation board 2 in a soilless cultivation manner, and the nutrients required for the growth of the cultivated crop 8 seedlings are provided by inputting nutrient solution into the planting pits.

[0029] More specifically, the cultivation plate 2 is installed on the cultivation frame 1 to form an acute tilt angle e relative to the ground. The tilt angle can be controlled between 70 degrees and 85 degrees, and the angle e is preferably 75 degrees. If the angle is too large, the cultivated crops 8 are likely to fall off. If the angle is too small, the cultivation frame 1 occupies too much ground space, which is not conducive to saving land area. The inclined setting is also conducive to receiving coverage of sunlight.

[0030] More specifically, one side of the cultivation frame 1 on which the cultivation plate 2 is installed is a cultivation surface g for cultivating seedlings of the cultivated crops 8, and the other side of the cultivation frame 1 opposite to the cultivation surface g is a fill light surface h for installing fill light 61. The fill light 61 is a lighting device suitable for assisting the cultivated crops 8 in providing sufficient light for growth when the sunlight is insufficient. The fill light 61 is evenly spaced on the fill light surface h. In this embodiment, different lamps can be selected according to the different light requirements of the cultivated crops 8, including but not limited to single lamps, lamp tubes, and light strips. In the placement of the cultivation frame group, adjacent The cultivation racks 1 are arranged in a relatively parallel manner so that the fill light surface h of one cultivation rack 1 can correspond to the cultivation surface g of another cultivation rack 1. When the sunlight is insufficient, the user can turn on the fill light 61 on the fill light surface h to provide sufficient light for the cultivated crops 8 on the cultivation surface g of the other cultivation rack 1, thereby ensuring the cultivation and growth of the cultivated crops 8. The fill light 61 of each cultivation rack 1 is connected to an external electronic control system to control the opening, closing or adjustment of the light intensity of the fill light 61, so as to adapt to the lighting requirements required in different environmental conditions.

[0031] More specifically, in order to reduce the impact of sunlight blocking between the cultivation racks 1 and better adapt to the internal structures of different greenhouses, several cultivation racks 1 are arranged in an increasing height manner according to the indoor structure to form a cultivation rack group, preferably arranged from south to north to form a gradient rack group with increasing height. The maximum height of the cultivation rack 1 is less than the inner height of the top of the indoor structure in the vertical direction where the cultivation rack 1 is located. The fill light surface h of the cultivation rack 1 is located on the side facing the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation rack 1 is located on the side away from the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group. The height of the cultivation rack 1 arranged in the back is greater than the height of the cultivation rack 1 arranged in front, forming an order arrangement in an increasing height manner. When covered by sunlight, the cultivation surface g of the cultivation rack 1 arranged in the back can be increased due to the height difference of the racks, thereby better ensuring the effect of the cultivated crops 8 receiving sunlight.

[0032] As another preferred embodiment 101 of embodiment 1, in order to facilitate the high degree of automation of forage harvesting and forage transportation, the cultivation rack group structure also includes a harvesting device 3 for mowing cultivated crops 8 and a transportation device 4 for transporting cultivated crops 8. The harvesting device 3 and the transportation device 4 are respectively installed on several cultivation racks 1 near the cultivation plates 2. The harvesting device 3 includes a harvesting tool for cutting the cultivated crops 8 and a harvesting drive for driving the harvesting tool. The transportation device 4 includes a conveyor belt for transporting cultivated crops 8 and a conveying drive for driving the conveyor belt.

[0033] More specifically, the harvesting device 3 is a mobile cutting device installed on the cultivation frame 1 for harvesting the cultivated crops 8. The harvesting device 3 includes harvesting tracks installed on the top and bottom of the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame 1, a harvesting tool installed on the harvesting track, and a harvesting driver that drives the harvesting tool to move on the harvesting track. The harvesting device 3 can harvest the forage grass by one of the cutting methods such as sawing, knife cutting, wheel cutting, and reaping. The harvesting driver can be a driving motor, such as a Figure 2 As shown, when the grass meets the harvesting conditions, the user can start the harvesting drive to drive the harvesting tool to move along the B direction of the harvesting track to mow the grass along the way. There is no need to manually harvest the grass, which reduces the labor burden of manual harvesting.

[0034] More specifically, the transfer device 4 is a mobile conveying device installed on the cultivation frame 1 for transporting the harvested crops 8. The transfer device 4 includes a conveying track installed near the cultivation frame 1, a conveyor belt installed on the conveying track, and a conveying driver for driving the conveyor belt. The transfer device 4 can use one of the conveying methods such as belt conveying, drum conveying, and roller conveying to transport the forage grass. The conveying driver can be a driving motor, such as Figure 6 As shown, after the grass is harvested, the harvested grass naturally falls onto the conveyor belt on the conveying track, or falls onto the cultivation plate 2 and slides to the conveyor belt below. The conveyor belt is driven by the conveying drive to transport the harvested grass along the conveying direction to the warehouse 9 for storing grass. There is no need for manual handling and transportation of the harvested grass, which reduces the labor burden of manual transportation of grass.

[0035] Example 2: like Figure 4 A cultivation method suitable for growing perennial forage grass is shown, the cultivation method comprising: S1. Forage cultivation: Forage seedlings are cultivated on an indoor cultivation frame 1 using a soilless cultivation method, and a nutrient solution is mixed using a water-fertilizer integrated system 5 to provide nutrients for the forage seedlings; S2, environmental control: using the cultivation environment control system 6 to adjust the indoor environmental parameters where the forage is cultivated, the environmental parameters include indoor light intensity, indoor temperature, indoor humidity and indoor carbon dioxide concentration; S3, forage mowing: When the forage is in the mowing stage, the harvesting device 3 is used to mow the forage to obtain forage mowing raw materials; S4, forage transportation: After the forage is cut, the forage cutting raw materials are transported to the warehouse 9 using the transfer device 4 .

[0036] Specifically, in this embodiment, the method adopts a soilless cultivation method to cultivate forage seedlings on the cultivation frame 1 inside the greenhouse of the planting shed 7, and uses the water-fertilizer integrated system 5 to mix water and fertilizer to form a nutrient solution to provide nutrients for cultivating the forage seedlings. Among them, soilless cultivation has great advantages over field cultivation. Whether it is substrate cultivation, hydroponics or aeroponics, different forms of soilless cultivation modes all use external water and fertilizer, that is, the water and nutrients required by the forage are provided by a special formula nutrient solution for the forage. Such a cultivation method can save water and fertilizer to a great extent. Compared with field cultivation, soilless cultivation can save water more effectively, and in the closed-circulation water-fertilizer integrated system 5, the natural evaporation of water is effectively suppressed, which is particularly suitable for arid areas, such as the desertified areas or neighboring areas in northwest my country; In addition, the recycling of nutrient solution avoids the loss and pollution of soil fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer. Soilless cultivation can largely avoid soil-borne diseases, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, reduce dependence on pesticides, and reduce the use of pesticides. In addition, soilless cultivation breaks through the limitations of land and can efficiently utilize space in the planting of the cultivation frame 1. On the one hand, it does not need to rely on arable land, and can be used to cultivate forage in non-arable land such as deserts, saline-alkali land, and Gobi deserts to solve the problem of land resource shortage; on the other hand, soilless cultivation mostly adopts a three-dimensional cultivation model, which can be carried out through a multi-layer frame structure cultivation frame 1 for three-dimensional planting. The yield per unit area can reach 3 to 5 times that of field cultivation, which is suitable for intensive production.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, perennial forage grass is cultivated in facilities with automated control. The growth conditions of the forage grass can be accurately controlled by the cultivation environment control system 6, thereby improving the yield and quality of the forage grass. The cultivation environment control system 6 assists in the cultivation of perennial forage grass, and the environmental factors are relatively controllable. The environmental factors such as light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse can be independently controlled to achieve continuous production throughout the year or early spring and delayed autumn production. Nutrition is directly supplied by the nutrient solution, which can avoid uneven soil nutrients. Nutrition and moisture are more accurate and reliable, the forage grass grows faster, the growth cycle is shortened, and the quality and yield of the forage grass growth are improved. The perennial forage grass produced by this method is of stable quality, and the quality of the forage grass produced in each crop tends to be consistent. There will be no unstable quality between crops like in field cultivation. At the same time, the forage grass produced by this method has higher protein and vitamin content, and there is no risk of heavy metal pollution. The crude protein content of alfalfa produced in the experimental demonstration project is much higher than that of the products sold on the market.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the harvesting device 3 is a mobile cutting device installed on the cultivation frame 1 for harvesting the cultivated crops 8. The harvesting device 3 includes harvesting tracks installed on the top and bottom of the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame 1, a harvesting tool installed on the harvesting track, and a harvesting driver that drives the harvesting tool to move on the harvesting track. The harvesting device 3 can harvest the forage grass by using one of the cutting methods such as sawing, knife cutting, wheel cutting, and reaping. The harvesting driver can be a driving motor, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the grass meets the harvesting conditions, the user can start the harvesting drive to drive the harvesting tool to move along the B direction of the harvesting track to mow the grass along the way. There is no need to manually harvest the grass, which reduces the labor burden of manual harvesting.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, the transfer device 4 is a mobile conveying device installed on the cultivation frame 1 for transporting the harvested crops 8. The transfer device 4 includes a conveying track installed near the cultivation frame 1, a conveyor belt installed on the conveying track, and a conveying driver for driving the conveyor belt. The transfer device 4 can use one of the conveying methods such as belt conveying, drum conveying, and roller conveying to transport the forage grass. The conveying driver can be a driving motor, such as Figure 6 As shown, after the grass is harvested, the harvested grass naturally falls onto the conveyor belt on the conveying track, or falls onto the cultivation plate 2 and slides to the conveyor belt below. The conveyor belt is driven by the conveying drive to transport the harvested grass along the conveying direction to the warehouse 9 for storage. There is no need for manual handling and transportation of the harvested grass, which reduces the labor burden of manual transportation of grass.

[0040] As another optional embodiment 201 of embodiment 2, in step S2, environmental control, the indoor light intensity is controlled between 342 μmol / ㎡ / s and 778 μmol / ㎡ / s, the indoor temperature is controlled between 20 degrees and 30 degrees, the indoor humidity is controlled below 90%, and the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is controlled above 300 PPM; The cultivation environment control system 6 uses supplementary lights 61 installed on the supplementary light surfaces h of several cultivation racks 1 and illuminates the cultivation surface g of an adjacent cultivation rack 1; The cultivation environment control system 6 uses a temperature probe or mercury thermometer to monitor the indoor temperature. Several temperature probes or mercury thermometers are distributed at intervals on different cultivation racks 1. The temperature data is collected and transmitted back to the cultivation environment control system 6. The cultivation environment control system 6 uses a fresh air system to control the indoor temperature and indoor humidity. When the indoor temperature is greater than a preset range or the humidity is greater than a preset range, the fresh air system is started to supply air for cooling; The cultivation environment control system 6 uses a gas sensor to monitor the indoor carbon dioxide concentration, and uses a carbon dioxide container or a carbon dioxide generator equipped with a solenoid valve to maintain the indoor carbon dioxide concentration within a preset range. The gas sensor is connected to the solenoid valve to open the solenoid valve when the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is lower than the preset range.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the indoor light intensity can be controlled by the cultivation environment control system 6 in a multi-level voltage regulation manner or by turning on the lighting according to a certain number of fill-in lights 61 to adjust the brightness of each cultivation frame 1. The light factors can be regulated according to different crops or different growth stages of the same crop, so that the indoor light environment is more conducive to the growth of forage. This embodiment can select different lamps according to the different light requirements of the cultivated crops 8, including but not limited to single lamps, lamp tubes, and light strips.

[0042] Specifically, in this embodiment, the indoor temperature and indoor humidity can be adjusted and controlled by the cultivation environment control system 6 using the fresh air system for ventilation. When the indoor temperature is greater than the preset range or the humidity is greater than the preset range, the fresh air system is started to supply air for cooling.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cultivation environment control system 6 can monitor the distribution of indoor temperature through temperature probes or mercury thermometers distributed at different positions of the cultivation frame 1. When the temperature probe is used for collection, the temperature probe is connected to the cultivation environment control system 6 through a data cable to implement the return of temperature data. When the mercury thermometer is used, the temperature data of the mercury thermometer is manually observed and recorded and then manually returned to the cultivation environment control system 6 for statistical analysis. The distribution of indoor temperature can be intuitively understood, which is convenient for users to control the temperature of the indoor environment.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cultivation environment control system 6 can monitor the changes in indoor carbon dioxide concentration through a gas sensor. The gas sensor can be one of a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor, an electrochemical sensor, a thermal conductivity sensor, a photoacoustic spectrometer sensor, etc. The carbon dioxide container can be a carbon dioxide cylinder. Several carbon dioxide containers or several carbon dioxide generators are arranged at different locations indoors. When the gas sensor detects that the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is lower than 300PPM, the cultivation environment control system 6 opens the solenoid valve to allow the carbon dioxide container or the carbon dioxide generator to release carbon dioxide gas to ensure that the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is within a preset range to meet the needs of forage growth.

[0045] As another optional embodiment 202 of embodiment 2, since the mercury thermometer is more accurate in detection accuracy than the temperature probe, the temperature probe and the mercury thermometer can be used together to monitor the indoor temperature in actual use. On the one hand, the temperature data is transmitted back by the temperature probe, and on the other hand, the readings of the mercury thermometer can be manually collected to intuitively understand the local temperature changes. The data accuracy of the temperature probe can also be verified by the readings of the mercury thermometer. The combination of the two improves the accuracy and reliability of temperature detection.

[0046] As another optional embodiment 203 of embodiment 2, after the step of mowing the grass in step S3, the method further includes: S301, after mowing the grass, mowing and caring for the grass; Wherein, the mowing care adopts one of the following: No pesticides should be applied within 2 natural days after mowing; Apply fungicide after the third natural day after mowing; Prepare and replenish nutrient solution after mowing; Clean up mowing residues; After mowing, the light intensity is reduced to 342umol / ㎡ / s and gradually adjusted to the preset light intensity range during the growth period; Mow grass where roots are abnormal or dead.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, as a post-mowing disinfection measure or post-mowing care measure, no pesticides are applied within 1-2 days after mowing, and a fungicide (pyraclostrobin can be used) or an insecticide can be sprayed 3 days after mowing. The nutrient solution can be prepared and replenished after each round of mowing, the residues after mowing can be removed to reduce the source of pests and diseases, the light intensity after mowing can be reduced to 342umol / ㎡ / s and gradually adjusted to the preset growth period light intensity range, and the abnormal or necrotic roots of the grass can be trimmed. These measures can provide care and repair or disease prevention for the mowed grass, improve the cultivation efficiency of the grass, and reduce the disease loss of the grass.

[0048] As another optional embodiment 204 of embodiment 2, adjacent cultivation racks 1 are arranged relatively parallel to each other, and several cultivation racks 1 are arranged at intervals in increasing height to form a cultivation rack group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation rack is located on the side away from the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, in order to reduce the impact of blocking sunlight between the cultivation racks 1 and better adapt to the internal structures of different greenhouses, several cultivation racks 1 are arranged in an increasing height manner according to the indoor structure to form a cultivation rack group, preferably arranged from south to north to form a gradient rack group with increasing height. The maximum height of the cultivation rack 1 is less than the inner height of the top of the indoor structure in the vertical direction where the cultivation rack 1 is located. The fill light surface h of the cultivation rack 1 is located on the side facing the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation rack 1 is located on the side away from the direction of increasing height arrangement of the cultivation rack group. The height of the cultivation rack 1 arranged in the back is greater than the height of the cultivation rack 1 arranged in front, forming an order arrangement in an increasing height manner. When covered by sunlight, the cultivation surface g of the cultivation rack 1 arranged in the back can be increased due to the height difference of the racks, thereby better ensuring the effect of the cultivated crops 8 receiving sunlight.

[0050] As another preferred embodiment 205 of Example 2, the cultivation frame 1 of this method preferably adopts the cultivation frame structure and cultivation frame group structure of Example 1, and applies forage planting to the cultivation frame 1 of Example 1. By adopting a three-dimensional planting cultivation mode, the utilization efficiency of the limited cultivation space inside the facility can be greatly improved, more forage can be cultivated in a limited space, and a higher yield and better quality can be achieved.

[0051] Example 3: A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grasses shown on the basis of Example 2, before the step of mowing the forage grasses in step S3, further includes: S501, forage seedling raising period: During the forage seedling raising period, the substrate is filled into the planting container, holes are punched in the substrate in the planting container, seeds are sown into the substrate, and the substrate is filled into the planting container after sowing; S502, forage planting period: During the forage seedling planting period, forage seedlings with 3 or more sprouts per hole are selected for planting. The forage seedlings are transplanted together with the substrate into the planting container, with the roots of the forage seedlings passing through the bottom of the planting container; S503, forage grass growth period: during the growth period of cultivating forage grass seedlings, the nutrient solution is sprayed onto the roots of the forage grass seedlings in an atomized manner.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the growth of forage can be divided into a seedling period, a planting period and a growth period. More specifically, after preparing the matrix material during the seedling period of cultivating forage seedlings, fully stir it according to the proportion, and prepare for seedling cultivation immediately after disinfection. Fill an appropriate amount of matrix into each hole of the planting container. The planting container can be a planting hole tray. The user can use a tool to make holes in the matrix in the hole tray. Preferably, the hole diameter is close to 1 cm and the depth is close to 1.5 cm. Then, the seeds are mixed according to the proportion and evenly sown into the matrix. The number of seeds sown in each hole is 8-10. Finally, an appropriate amount of matrix is ​​filled into each hole tray that has been sown, and it is filled to slightly exceed the edge. The thickness of the soil is about 0.75 cm. During the seedling period, the user timely adjusts and controls the indoor temperature, indoor humidity and indoor light intensity of the seedling environment to ensure a suitable seedling environment. More specifically, during the planting period of cultivating forage seedlings, forage seedlings with good growth and no diseases and insect pests are selected for planting. It is preferred to select forage seedlings with 3 or more sprouts per hole for transplanting. After selection, use tweezers to transplant the seedlings together with the substrate into the planting container. The planting container can be a planting basket. The transplanted planting container is placed in the cultivation plate 2. During the planting process, the roots of the forage grass need to pass through the bottom of the planting container to ensure that the roots droop naturally to ensure that the roots of the forage grass can absorb the nutrient solution and ensure that the roots droop naturally.

[0053] As another preferred embodiment 301 of Example 3, the indoor light intensity during the forage planting period is controlled at 342umol / ㎡ / s, and the light cycle is 12 hours. The indoor light intensity during the forage growing period is controlled at 585umol / ㎡ / s, and the light cycle is 12 hours. The indoor light intensity during the planting period can be reduced at appropriate times to ensure the smooth growth of the forage, and the normal indoor light intensity can be gradually restored during the growing period to ensure the cultivation efficiency of the forage. The pH value of the nutrient solution during the forage growing period is controlled between 6.0 and 7.5, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1100μs and 1400μs, wherein the pH value is a numerical value indicating the acidity and alkalinity of the nutrient solution, and the EC value is a numerical value used to measure the concentration of soluble salts in the solution, and can also be used to measure the concentration of soluble ions in liquid fertilizers or planting media. Adequate nutrition supply is guaranteed by controlling the pH value and EC value of the nutrient solution.

[0054] As another preferred embodiment 302 of embodiment 3, during the forage growing period, one of the following pest and disease prevention measures is adopted: Physical control measures such as yellow-blue boards, insect traps, and sticky traps, or a combination of these; Biological control measures using natural enemies of pests, insect pheromones, or a combination of these; Chemical control measures using pesticide rotation with a frequency of 7 to 10 calendar days; Reasonable use of different pest and disease prevention measures can help forage grass resist the erosion of pests and diseases and improve the output quality and efficiency of forage grass.

[0055] As another preferred embodiment 303 of embodiment 3, the step of mowing the grass in step S3 further includes: S302, after the forage grass is mowed, the stubble height is between 5 cm and 8 cm, or the stubble height is flush with the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame 1; Wherein, the mowing stage includes: Forage plant height ≥40cm; The natural growth days are ≥15 days; cp crude protein content ≥22%.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, after the grass is mowed, the stubble height is between 5 cm and 8 cm, which can be beneficial to the next round of cultivation. In addition, the stubble of the grass after harvesting is higher than the cultivation surface g, which may cause the cut grass to be blocked by the grass plug and cannot fall directly onto the transfer device 4. When the grass is not easy to fall onto the transfer device 4 after mowing, the stubble height of the grass mowing by the harvesting device 3 can be adjusted so that the stubble height is flush with the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame 1, so that the harvested grass can slide onto the transfer device 4 through the cultivation surface g.

[0057] Example 4: Based on Example 2, a cultivation method suitable for growing perennial forage grass is shown. The water-fertilizer integrated system 5 includes a nutrient solution temporary storage tank, a filtration device, a water-fertilizer integrated device, and an atomizing nozzle 62. After the step of cultivating forage grass in S1, the method further includes: S101, recovering nutrient solution: the cultivation frame 1 for growing forage grass is connected to a temporary nutrient solution storage tank, in which the nutrient solution remaining after the forage grass has absorbed the nutrient solution is recovered and stored; S102, filtering the nutrient solution: The recovered nutrient solution is filtered through a filtering device to filter out impurities other than the nutrient solution, and the filtered nutrient solution is supplied to the water-fertilizer integrated device; S103, mixing nutrient solution: the water-fertilizer integrated equipment mixes water and fertilizer to form a mixed nutrient solution, and the filtered nutrient solution is added to the mixed nutrient solution and supplied to the cultivation frame 1; S104, secondary supply of nutrient solution: the cultivation frame 1 sprays the nutrient solution supplied by the water-fertilizer integrated equipment onto the roots of the grass through the atomizing nozzle 62; S105, fertilizer supplementation: During the process of the water-fertilizer integrated system 5 recovering the nutrient solution or filtering the nutrient solution, the EC value in the nutrient solution is detected. When the EC value is lower than 1100 μs, fertilizer is supplemented to the nutrient solution until the EC value is controlled between 1100 μs and 1400 μs.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, since the remaining nutrient solution after absorption cannot directly enter the water-fertilizer integrated equipment, a rotation temporary storage space is required. The nutrient solution temporary storage tank is set inside the greenhouse to recover and collect a small amount of nutrient solution remaining after being absorbed by the grass from the cultivation frame 1. After the nutrient solution flows freely into the nutrient solution temporary storage tank, it is filtered through the filtering equipment to filter out impurities other than the nutrient solution, so as to avoid the impurities affecting the subsequent water-fertilizer integrated equipment to re-mix the nutrient solution. After filtration, the nutrient solution is supplied to the water-fertilizer integrated equipment. The nutrient solution is mixed with the new nutrient solution to achieve recycling and secondary utilization. The water-fertilizer integrated equipment mixes water and fertilizer to form a new nutrient solution. The filtered nutrient solution is added to the mixed nutrient solution, and the two are re-supplied to the cultivation frame 1. The cultivation frame 1 sprays the mixed nutrient solution supplied by the water-fertilizer integrated equipment to the roots of the grass through the atomizing nozzle 62, so that the grass can absorb water and nutrients more evenly. This type of aeroponic cultivation method is more water-saving than field flooding. The recycling of nutrient solution avoids the loss and pollution of soil fertilization, which is beneficial to energy saving and environmental protection.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, since the water and nutrients in the nutrient solution are absorbed during the circulation process, the ion concentration in the nutrient solution will decrease over time. Therefore, in the process of the water-fertilizer integrated system 5 recovering the nutrient solution or filtering the nutrient solution, one of the detection methods of ion selective electrode method, spectral analysis method or monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing can be used to detect the EC value in the nutrient solution through manual sampling or manual measurement. When its EC value is lower than 1100μs, the user can add fertilizer to the nutrient solution in time to make the EC value return to the range between 1100μs and 1400μs.

[0060] The above examples are merely provided to further illustrate the technical content of the present invention for easier understanding by the reader, but do not limit the embodiments of the present invention to these examples. Any extension or re-creation of the technology based on the present invention is protected by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation rack group structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of cultivation frames (1) and a plurality of cultivation plates (2), wherein the cultivation plates (2) are detachably mounted on the cultivation frames (1), one side of the cultivation frames (1) is a cultivation surface g for cultivating crop seedlings, and the other side of the cultivation frames (1) is a fill light surface h for mounting a fill light (61), and a plurality of the cultivation frames (1) are arranged at intervals in an increasing height manner to form a cultivation frame group, and the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frames (1) is located on a side away from the increasing height arrangement direction of the cultivation frame group.

2. A cultivation rack group structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a harvesting device (3) for mowing the cultivated crops and a transfer device (4) for transporting the cultivated crops. The harvesting device (3) and the transfer device (4) are respectively installed on a plurality of cultivation frames (1) at positions close to the cultivation plates (2). The harvesting device (3) includes a harvesting tool for cutting the cultivated crops and a harvesting drive for driving the harvesting tool. The transfer device (4) includes a conveyor belt for transporting the cultivated crops and a conveyor drive for driving the conveyor belt.

3. A cultivation method suitable for growing perennial forage grass, characterized in that: Cultivation methods include: S1. Forage grass cultivation: using soilless cultivation to cultivate forage grass seedlings on an indoor cultivation frame (1), and using a water-fertilizer integrated system (5) to mix and form a nutrient solution to provide nutrients for cultivating forage grass seedlings; S2. Environmental control: using the cultivation environment control system (6) to adjust the indoor environmental parameters where the forage grass is cultivated, wherein the environmental parameters include indoor light intensity, indoor temperature, indoor humidity and indoor carbon dioxide concentration; S3, mowing the grass: when the grass is in the mowing stage, the mowing device (3) is used to mow the grass to obtain the mowing grass raw material; S4. Forage transfer: After the forage is cut, the forage cut raw materials are transported to the warehouse using the transfer device (4).

4. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: The indoor light intensity is controlled between 342umol / ㎡ / s and 778umol / ㎡ / s; The indoor temperature is controlled between 20 degrees and 30 degrees, and the indoor humidity is controlled below 90%; The indoor carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be above 300 PPM.

5. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cultivation environment control system (6) uses supplementary lights (61) installed on the supplementary light surfaces h of a plurality of cultivation racks (1) and irradiates the light toward the cultivation surface g of an adjacent cultivation rack (1); The cultivation environment control system (6) uses a temperature probe and / or a mercury thermometer to monitor the indoor temperature. A plurality of temperature probes and / or mercury thermometers are distributed at intervals on different cultivation racks (1). The temperature data is collected and transmitted back to the cultivation environment control system (6); The cultivation environment control system (6) uses a fresh air system to control indoor temperature and indoor humidity. When the indoor temperature is greater than a preset range or the humidity is greater than a preset range, the fresh air system is started to supply air for cooling; The cultivation environment control system (6) uses a gas sensor to monitor the indoor carbon dioxide concentration, and uses a carbon dioxide container or a carbon dioxide generator equipped with a solenoid valve to maintain the indoor carbon dioxide concentration within a preset range. The gas sensor is connected to the solenoid valve to open the solenoid valve when the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is lower than the preset range.

6. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the step of mowing the grass in step S3, the method further includes: S301, after the forage is cut, the forage is cut and cared for; Wherein, the mowing care adopts one of the following: No pesticides should be applied within 2 natural days after mowing; Apply fungicide after the third natural day after mowing; Prepare and replenish nutrient solution after mowing; Clean up mowing residues; After mowing, the light intensity is reduced to 342umol / ㎡ / s and gradually adjusted to the preset light intensity range during the growth period; Mow grass where roots are abnormal or dead.

7. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: Adjacent cultivation frames (1) are arranged relatively parallel to each other, and a plurality of cultivation frames (1) are arranged at intervals in an increasing height manner to form a cultivation frame group, and a cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame (1) is located on a side away from the increasing height arrangement direction of the cultivation frame group.

8. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before the step of mowing the grass in step S3, the method further includes: S501, forage seedling raising period: During the forage seedling raising period, the substrate is filled into the planting container, holes are punched in the substrate in the planting container, seeds are sown into the substrate, and the substrate is filled into the planting container after sowing; S502, forage planting period: During the forage seedling planting period, forage seedlings with 3 or more sprouts per hole are selected for planting. The forage seedlings are transplanted together with the substrate into the planting container, with the roots of the forage seedlings passing through the bottom of the planting container; S503, forage grass growth period: during the growth period of cultivating forage grass seedlings, the nutrient solution is sprayed onto the roots of the forage grass seedlings in an atomized manner.

9. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the forage planting period, the indoor light intensity was controlled at 342umol / ㎡ / s, and the photoperiod was 12 hours; The indoor light intensity during the forage growth period is controlled at 585umol / ㎡ / s, and the light cycle is 12 hours; The pH value of the nutrient solution during the forage growth period is controlled between 6.0 and 7.5, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1100 μs and 1400 μs.

10. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the forage growing period, one of the following pest and disease prevention measures shall be adopted; Physical control measures such as yellow-blue boards, insect traps, and sticky traps, or a combination of these; Biological control measures using natural enemies of pests, insect pheromones, or a combination of these; A chemical control measure is adopted in which insecticides are rotated with a frequency of 7 to 10 natural days per cycle.

11. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of mowing the grass in step S3 further includes: S302, after the grass is mowed, the stubble height is between 5 cm and 8 cm, or the stubble height is flush with the cultivation surface g of the cultivation frame (1); Wherein, the mowing stage includes: Forage plant height ≥40cm; The natural growth days are ≥15 days; cp crude protein content ≥22%.

12. A cultivation method suitable for planting perennial forage grass according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that: The water-fertilizer integration system (5) includes a nutrient solution temporary storage tank, a filtering device, a water-fertilizer integration device and an atomizing nozzle (62). After the step of S1, forage cultivation, it also includes: S101, recycling nutrient solution: the cultivation frame (1) for growing forage grass is connected to a temporary nutrient solution storage tank, and the nutrient solution remaining after the forage grass absorbs the nutrient solution is recycled and stored in the temporary nutrient solution storage tank; S102, filtering the nutrient solution: The recovered nutrient solution is filtered through a filtering device to filter out impurities other than the nutrient solution, and the filtered nutrient solution is supplied to the water-fertilizer integrated device; S103, mixing nutrient solution: the water-fertilizer integrated equipment mixes water and fertilizer to form a mixed nutrient solution, and the filtered nutrient solution is added to the mixed nutrient solution and supplied to the cultivation frame (1); S104, secondary supply of nutrient solution: the cultivation frame (1) sprays the nutrient solution supplied by the water-fertilizer integrated equipment onto the roots of the grass through the atomizing nozzle (62); S105, fertilizer supplementation: During the process of the water-fertilizer integrated system (5) recovering the nutrient solution or filtering the nutrient solution, the EC value in the nutrient solution is detected. When the EC value is lower than 1100 μs, fertilizer is supplemented to the nutrient solution until the EC value is controlled between 1100 μs and 1400 μs.

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