A wood breaking apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides a kind of wood crushing equipment and crushing method, it is related to wood crushing equipment technical field, including crushing mechanism and drive mechanism, feeding mechanism includes the feeding assembly for conveying wood into crushing mechanism, and the monitoring assembly for collecting wood diameter;Wood is stick or strip structure;Crushing mechanism includes the first hammer pre-crushing component of wood crushing into strip fragments, and the second tooth roll fine crushing component of strip fragments further crushing into granular fragments;Drive mechanism includes the first motor and the second motor for driving the first hammer pre-crushing component and the second tooth roll fine crushing component respectively, torque sensor is arranged on the first motor and the second motor respectively, and control assembly is used for controlling motor power output with PLC.The application can stably and efficiently crush wood, can automatically adapt crushing parameters according to wood diameter and type, and realizes adaptive crushing of different hardness wood.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wood crushing equipment technology, specifically to a wood crushing device and crushing method. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of the wood processing industry, wood crushing, as a key pre-processing step, is becoming increasingly important. Whether it's the paper industry needing to crush wood into appropriately sized fiber raw materials, the biomass energy sector needing to convert wood into usable biomass pellets, or the specific requirements for wood fragments in engineered wood products manufacturing, all rely on efficient and precise wood crushing equipment. However, current wood crushing equipment on the market reveals many problems that urgently need to be addressed in practical applications:

[0003] 1. Limited Crushing Methods and Unsatisfactory Results: Traditional wood crushing equipment mostly employs a single crushing structure, relying solely on hammer mills or toothed roller mills. While hammer mills can initially break down wood, they struggle to break harder or larger pieces into uniform strips, often resulting in incomplete crushing and significant size variations in the fragments. Toothed roller mills, when dealing with initially larger pieces of wood, may experience accelerated roller wear due to uneven force distribution and fail to initially tear the wood into strips, hindering further fine crushing. Ultimately, the resulting wood particle size fails to meet the stringent size requirements of various industries, impacting the quality of subsequent processed products.

[0004] 2. Lack of adaptability to woods of varying hardness: There are many types of wood, with significant differences in hardness. Pine is relatively soft, while oak and walnut are much harder. Existing wood crushing equipment typically uses fixed motor power and crushing parameters during the crushing process, failing to adjust in real-time according to the wood's hardness. When crushing harder woods, the equipment may overload due to excessive load, leading to motor damage, breakage of crushing components, and shortening the equipment's lifespan. Conversely, when crushing softer woods, the equipment's crushing capacity cannot be fully utilized, resulting in energy waste and reduced production efficiency.

[0005] 3. Lack of effective real-time monitoring and safety protection mechanisms: During the wood crushing process, factors such as uneven wood texture and unstable feeding speed may cause abnormal vibrations in the equipment. However, most traditional equipment is not equipped with vibration monitoring devices, making it difficult for operators to detect abnormal vibrations in a timely manner. Excessive vibration can cause parts to loosen or fall off, or even damage the entire equipment, leading to production interruptions, increased maintenance costs, and potential threats to operator safety. Furthermore, the equipment lacks overload protection during operation; when the motor load is too high, it cannot automatically adjust power output, easily causing serious malfunctions such as motor burnout.

[0006] 4. Complex operation, reliant on manual experience: Operating existing wood crushing equipment typically requires operators with extensive experience. Operators need to manually adjust parameters such as motor power and toothed roller gap according to the type, size, and hardness of different types of wood. This not only increases the difficulty and workload of operation, but also, due to the limited accuracy and timeliness of manual operation, is prone to improper parameter adjustments, leading to poor crushing results or equipment damage. Specifically, when adjusting the toothed roller gap, if the gap is set too large, the wood cannot be fully crushed; if the gap is set too small, it will cause accelerated wear on the toothed rollers, increasing production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this application provides a wood crushing device and a crushing method.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a wood crushing device, comprising a feeding mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a discharging mechanism, and a driving mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a feeding component for conveying wood into the crushing mechanism and a monitoring component for collecting the diameter of the wood. The wood is in the form of rods or strips. The crushing mechanism includes a first hammer pre-crushing component for crushing the wood into strip-shaped fragments and a second toothed roller fine crushing component for further crushing the strip-shaped fragments into granular fragments. The driving mechanism includes a first motor and a second motor for driving the first hammer pre-crushing component and the second toothed roller fine crushing component, torque sensors respectively mounted on the first motor and the second motor, and a control component using a PLC for controlling the power output of the motors. When crushing wood with different hardness, the two torque sensors collect the load information of the first motor and the second motor in real time, and adjust the power output of the first motor and the second motor in real time accordingly.

[0009] The first hammer pre-crushing assembly includes a first crushing shaft that is transversely inserted into the pre-crushing chamber, a plurality of first mounting rings that are fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the shaft length, and a hammer assembly that is rotatably connected to each of the first mounting rings. The pre-crushing chamber has an inlet for feeding wood into the pre-crushing chamber at one end near the first crushing shaft. A first motor drives the first crushing shaft to rotate around the axis.

[0010] The second toothed roller fine crushing assembly includes a fine crushing chamber located at the discharge port on the bottom side of the pre-crushing chamber, two second crushing shafts located below the discharge port and symmetrically arranged about the discharge port, and multiple toothed rollers fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the second crushing shafts. The toothed rollers on the two second crushing shafts are arranged alternately, and a crushing gap is formed between the toothed rollers and the other second crushing shaft. The second motor controls the two second crushing shafts to rotate synchronously in opposite directions through a linkage assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the hammer assembly includes at least two hammers, and the hammers are mounted in a circular array on the outer ring of the first mounting ring at one end; the lengths of the hammers on the first crushing shaft from the end near the feed inlet toward the other end increase sequentially.

[0012] Preferably, the linkage assembly includes linkage gears installed on the ends of the two second crushing shafts, two transmission gears located below and meshing with each other between the two linkage gears, a linkage rod rotatably connecting the meshing linkage gears and the center of the end of the transmission gears, and a limiting rod rotatably connecting the two transmission gears at their respective ends to the center of the end of the transmission gears, wherein the two transmission gears mesh with different linkage gears one by one.

[0013] Preferably, the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly further includes an adjusting component for adjusting the size of the crushing gap, and bearing seats rotatably sleeved on both ends of the second crushing shaft, with the ends of the second crushing shafts extending out of the fine crushing chamber; the adjusting component is used to control and adjust the relative distance between the two second crushing shafts.

[0014] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a first sliding structure installed on the fine crushing chamber and connected to the bearing seats at the same end of the two second crushing shafts, and an adjusting structure for controlling the two bearing seats to move away from or closer to each other.

[0015] Preferably, the adjustment structure includes a lifting cylinder vertically disposed below the two transmission gears, and a lifting block disposed on the output end of the lifting cylinder and connected to the transmission gears. The lifting cylinder is disposed on the second sliding structure and can slide on the second sliding structure in the opposite direction of the two parallel bearing seats.

[0016] A wood crushing method includes the following steps: Step 1: A feeding assembly conveys wood into the crushing mechanism and collects wood diameter data in conjunction with a detection assembly; Step 2: The wood enters the first hammer pre-crushing assembly, which tears it into strip-shaped fragments; Step 3: The strip-shaped fragments enter the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly, which refines them to the target particle size through shearing force; Step 4: A discharge assembly controls the conveying of the granular fragments to a designated position; Step 5: A torque sensor monitors the load in real time, and a PLC dynamically adjusts the motor frequency and the toothed roller gap.

[0017] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps: Step Six: During the crushing process, the vibration of the equipment is monitored in real time by vibration sensors installed in the pre-crushing chamber and the fine crushing chamber; when the vibration amplitude exceeds the preset safety threshold, the PLC control component immediately reduces the power output of the first motor and the second motor and issues an alarm signal; at the same time, the feeding component is controlled to stop conveying wood; Step Seven: According to the different types and characteristics of wood, the corresponding crushing parameter templates are preset in the PLC control component, including the initial power of the motor, the initial setting of the toothed roller gap, etc.; after the feeding component collects the wood diameter data, it further identifies the type of wood, and the PLC control component automatically calls the corresponding crushing parameter template according to the identification result.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] 1. This invention employs a two-stage crushing structure. The first hammer pre-crushing component first crushes the wood into strip-shaped fragments, and the second toothed roller fine crushing component further crushes the strip-shaped fragments into granular fragments. This step-by-step crushing method can better adapt to the physical properties of wood, making the crushing process more efficient and uniform.

[0020] 2. The first and second motors in the drive mechanism are equipped with torque sensors. When crushing wood of different hardness, the torque sensors can collect the load information of the motor in real time and transmit the data to the PLC control component. The PLC control component adjusts the power output of the motor in real time according to the load information, so that the equipment can automatically adapt to wood of different hardness.

[0021] 3. The second toothed roller fine crushing assembly is equipped with an adjusting device to adjust the crushing gap. Operators can flexibly adjust the relative distance between the two second crushing shafts according to the characteristics of the wood and the required crushing particle size to improve crushing efficiency and equipment service life.

[0022] 4. Vibration sensors installed in the pre-crushing and fine-crushing chambers can monitor the equipment's vibration in real time. When the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset safety threshold, the PLC control unit immediately reduces the power output of the first and second motors and issues an alarm signal, while simultaneously controlling the feeding assembly to suspend the conveying of timber. This function effectively prevents equipment damage due to abnormal vibration, extends equipment lifespan, reduces maintenance costs, and ensures operator safety.

[0023] 5. The real-time monitoring function of the torque sensor can also realize the overload protection of the equipment; when the motor load is too large, the PLC control component automatically adjusts the motor power to prevent the motor from burning out due to overload, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the equipment.

[0024] 6. Based on the different types and characteristics of wood, corresponding crushing parameter templates are pre-set in the PLC control component, including the initial power of the motor and the initial setting of the toothed roller gap. After the feeding component collects the wood diameter data, it further identifies the type of wood, and the PLC control component automatically calls the corresponding crushing parameter template based on the identification result. This function eliminates the need for operators to frequently adjust parameters manually, simplifies the operation process, improves production efficiency, and reduces human error. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the wood crushing equipment and crushing method proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the wood crushing equipment and crushing method proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding assembly structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first hammer pre-crushing component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second toothed roller fine crushing component and the linkage component of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage component structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second sliding structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Pre-crushing chamber; 2. Fine crushing chamber; 3. Feed conveyor belt; 4. Second conveyor belt; 5. Limiting plate; 6. Limiting rod; 7. Limiting wheel; 8. Limiting spring; 9. First crushing shaft; 10. Screen plate; 11. First mounting ring; 12. Hammer blade; 13. Second crushing shaft; 14. Feed inlet; 15. Second mounting ring; 16. Crushed block; 17. Linkage gear; 18. Transmission gear; 19. Linkage rod; 20. Lifting block; 21. Lifting cylinder; 22. Sliding bar; 23. Fixing bar; 24. Slide groove; 25. Sliding strip. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved objectives, and effects of this invention readily understandable, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described herein without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0037] In the existing wood crushing technology system, traditional equipment and patented solutions generally suffer from three major defects: First, the particle size control mechanism is simplistic. Most equipment relies on fixed screens to achieve particle size classification, but the screens are easily clogged by wood fiber entanglement, and long-term use causes screen hole wear, leading to particle size fluctuations, which directly affects the quality of raw materials for particle size-sensitive industries such as machine-made charcoal and MDF. Second, there is insufficient dynamic adaptability. The feed inlet diameter of existing technologies is generally less than 0.5 meters, making it difficult to process tree roots or hardwoods with a diameter exceeding 0.3 meters. While large equipment can crush large pieces of wood, the lack of an intelligent adjustment system requires frequent shutdowns to replace parts when processing wood of different hardness, resulting in a decrease in overall efficiency. Third, there is a prominent contradiction between energy consumption and cost. Although mechanical mobile crushers improve efficiency, the initial investment is 40% higher than that of traditional equipment, and the electricity cost accounts for more than 55% of the total operating cost during long-term operation, limiting the application of small and medium-sized enterprises.

[0038] To address the aforementioned pain points, this technical solution innovatively proposes an integrated system of dual-stage crushing, intelligent control, and dynamic discharge: Through an extra-large feed inlet and a hammer-toothed roller dual-stage crushing structure, it achieves direct crushing of hardwoods / roots; integrating a torque sensor and PLC control system, it adjusts motor power in real time according to the hardness of the wood, resulting in greater energy savings compared to traditional equipment; employing an adjustable toothed roller gap design, coupled with coordinated control of the screw conveyor discharge speed, it improves the particle size qualification rate. Simultaneously, by optimizing the transmission structure, it reduces equipment failure rates and solves the cost problem caused by screen wear. This solution breaks through the existing technological "efficiency-energy consumption-cost" triangle dilemma, providing the wood processing industry with a highly adaptable and low-maintenance crushing solution.

[0039] Example 1: Reference Figures 1-9 The wood crushing equipment shown includes a feeding mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a discharging mechanism, and a driving mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a feeding component for conveying wood into the crushing mechanism and a monitoring component for collecting the diameter of the wood. The wood is in the form of rods or strips. The crushing mechanism includes a first hammer pre-crushing component for crushing the wood into strip-shaped fragments and a second toothed roller fine crushing component for further crushing the strip-shaped fragments into granular fragments. The driving mechanism includes a first motor and a second motor for driving the first hammer pre-crushing component and the second toothed roller fine crushing component, torque sensors respectively mounted on the first motor and the second motor, and a control component using a PLC for controlling the power output of the motors. When crushing wood with different hardness, the two torque sensors collect the load information of the first motor and the second motor in real time and adjust the power output of the first motor and the second motor accordingly.

[0040] like Figures 1-9As shown, in this embodiment, log-shaped or strip-shaped wood is placed on the feeding assembly, which gradually conveys the wood into the crushing mechanism. During the conveying process, the monitoring assembly starts working, accurately collecting the diameter information of the wood and transmitting this data in real time to the subsequent control assembly for more precise wood crushing. After entering the crushing mechanism, the wood first reaches the first hammer pre-crushing assembly. At this time, the first motor starts, driving the first hammer pre-crushing assembly to rotate at high speed. The hammers use powerful impact force to initially crush the wood, tearing it into strip-shaped fragments, preparing it for subsequent fine crushing. This pre-crushing method can reduce the size of the wood, reduce the difficulty and load of subsequent toothed roller crushing, and improve the efficiency of the entire crushing process. Simultaneously, the impact crushing action of the hammers can adapt to wood of different shapes and materials, possessing a certain degree of versatility. The strip-shaped fragments enter the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly from the first hammer pre-crushing assembly. The second motor starts running, driving the toothed rollers in the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly to rotate relative to each other. The toothed rollers further crush the strip-shaped fragments into granular fragments through shearing and squeezing forces, achieving the desired final particle size. The shearing and squeezing action of the toothed rollers ensures uniform particle size of the crushed wood fragments, meeting the particle size requirements of various industries. Throughout the crushing process, torque sensors installed on the first and second motors operate continuously; the motor load changes when crushing wood of varying hardness. Crushing hardwood requires the motors to overcome greater resistance, increasing the load, while crushing softwood requires a relatively smaller load. The torque sensors collect real-time load information from the first and second motors and rapidly transmit this data to the PLC-based control unit. Real-time load data collection via torque sensors is crucial for dynamic adjustment. Accurately sensing load changes under different operating conditions allows for timely feedback to the control unit, providing a basis for power adjustment. Upon receiving the load information, the control unit quickly analyzes and judges based on preset algorithms and programs. Then, it adjusts the power output of the first and second motors in real-time. If the load increases, the control unit increases the motor power to enhance crushing capacity; if the load decreases, it reduces the motor power to avoid energy waste. After fine crushing, the granular fragments are discharged from the equipment by the discharge mechanism. The discharge mechanism transports the crushed wood fragments to the designated collection location or subsequent processing stage according to the set speed and method, thus completing the entire crushing process.

[0041] In this embodiment, the wood crushing equipment achieves efficient and precise crushing of rod-shaped or strip-shaped wood through the coordinated operation of the feeding mechanism, crushing mechanism, and drive mechanism. Its dynamic adjustment function can adapt to woods of varying hardness, ensuring the stability and consistency of crushing quality. Simultaneously, the rational structural design and advanced control technology improve the equipment's operating efficiency and reliability, reduce operating costs, and have broad application prospects in wood processing, biomass energy, and other fields.

[0042] In this embodiment, the control components include a PLC host, an input module, an output module, and a communication module;

[0043] PLC main unit: As the core processing unit, it has powerful computing and control capabilities, and can quickly process input signals and output control commands.

[0044] Input module: Responsible for receiving signals from devices such as torque sensors, converting analog or digital signals into a format that the PLC host can recognize, and providing data support for control decisions.

[0045] Output module: Converts the control signals processed by the PLC host into signals suitable for actuators such as motor drivers to receive, thereby enabling the adjustment of parameters such as motor power.

[0046] Communication module: Enables communication between the PLC and host computers, mobile terminals, and other devices, facilitating remote monitoring and operation of equipment and improving the convenience and timeliness of management.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the first hammer pre-crushing assembly includes a first crushing shaft 9 that is transversely inserted into the pre-crushing chamber, a plurality of first mounting rings 11 that are fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the shaft length, and a hammer assembly that is rotatably connected to each of the first mounting rings 11. The pre-crushing chamber 1 has an inlet 14 for conveying wood into the pre-crushing chamber 1 at one end near the first crushing shaft 9. The first motor drives the first crushing shaft 9 to rotate around the axis, and a screen plate 10 is provided at the bottom of the pre-crushing chamber 1.

[0048] In this embodiment, rod-shaped or strip-shaped timber is conveyed to the feed inlet 14 of the pre-crushing chamber 1 via a feeding mechanism. Driven by the feeding assembly, the timber gradually enters the pre-crushing chamber 1. A first motor starts, driving a first crushing shaft 9 to rotate at high speed around its axis via a transmission device (such as a coupling). The first crushing shaft 9 is transversely inserted into the pre-crushing chamber 1, providing stable support and power transmission for the rotation of the hammer assembly. Multiple first mounting rings 11 are fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the axial length of the first crushing shaft 9, and each first mounting ring 11 is rotatably connected to a hammer assembly. When the first crushing shaft 9 rotates, it drives the first mounting rings 11 to rotate as well, causing the hammer assembly to perform circular motion around the first crushing shaft 9. The timber entering the pre-crushing chamber 1 collides violently with the high-speed rotating hammer assembly. Under the action of centrifugal force, the hammer assembly strikes and tears the timber with powerful impact. Under the repeated impact of the hammers, the timber's structure is destroyed, and it is gradually broken into strip-shaped fragments. The strip-shaped fragments formed after being crushed by the hammer mill move towards the outlet of the pre-crushing chamber 1 due to their own gravity and the pushing action of the subsequent wood, preparing them for entry into the next stage of fine crushing components.

[0049] In this embodiment, the high-speed rotation and multiple impacts of the hammer blades enable rapid crushing of the wood. Multiple hammer blades are evenly distributed along the first crushing shaft 9, increasing the contact area and collision opportunities with the wood, thus improving the crushing volume per unit time and enhancing the overall production efficiency of the wood crushing equipment. Compared to traditional single-hammer crushing methods, this multi-hammer blade design utilizes power more effectively and shortens the crushing time.

[0050] like Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the hammer assembly includes multiple first mounting rings 11 that are fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the first crushing shaft 9, and hammers 12 that are detachably mounted on the first mounting rings 11. One end of the hammer 12 is rotatably mounted on a rotating block, and the rotating block is fixedly mounted on the side of the first mounting ring 11 by bolts, which facilitates the installation, replacement and maintenance of the hammers 12.

[0051] Current wood crushing technology has significant shortcomings, prompting us to innovate the hammer mill setup. Regarding equipment performance, energy consumption remains high. Due to the lack of a staged crushing design, the hammers simultaneously bear the initial strong reaction force of the wood, leading to high-power motor operation and wasted energy. Hammers wear out quickly, increasing maintenance costs and downtime. Vibration and imbalance issues are prominent during operation, affecting stability and lifespan. In terms of adaptability, existing equipment struggles to handle wood of varying hardness and size, as well as changes in feed speed, making it difficult to guarantee stable crushing quality and efficiency. Therefore, we have designed the hammer mill setup with at least two hammers arranged in a circumferential array on the outer ring of the first mounting ring 11, with the length of the hammers 12 on the first crushing shaft 9 increasing sequentially from the feed inlet 14 end, to improve the current situation.

[0052] Example 2: The hammer assembly includes at least two hammers 12, and one end of the multiple hammers 12 is mounted in a circular array on the outer ring of the first mounting ring 11; the length of the multiple hammers 12 on the first crushing shaft 9 from the end near the feed inlet toward the other end increases sequentially.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, after the wood enters the pre-crushing chamber 1, the shorter hammer blades 12 initially bear a larger reaction force from the wood, thus performing a preliminary softening treatment. Subsequently, when the longer hammer blades 12 further crush the wood, the resistance they encounter is relatively small, reducing the wear of the hammer blades 12. At the same time, the uniform crushing action can also avoid excessive wear of local hammer blades 12, extending the service life of the hammer blade assembly and reducing equipment maintenance costs and downtime.

[0054] like Figures 5-7 As shown, the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly includes a fine crushing chamber 2 located at the bottom of the pre-crushing chamber 1 with an outlet, two second crushing shafts 13 located below the outlet and symmetrically arranged about the outlet, and multiple toothed rollers fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the second crushing shafts 13. The toothed rollers on the two second crushing shafts 13 are arranged alternately, and a crushing gap is formed between the toothed rollers and the other second crushing shaft 13. The second motor controls the two second crushing shafts 13 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions through a linkage assembly.

[0055] In this embodiment, the strip-shaped wood fragments processed by the first hammer pre-crushing component flow out from the discharge port on the bottom side of the pre-crushing chamber 1 and fall into the fine crushing chamber 2 below. Since two second crushing shafts 13 are symmetrically arranged below the discharge port, the material naturally distributes around the two crushing shafts and the toothed rollers. The second motor starts, driving the two second crushing shafts 13 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions via the linkage component. This synchronous counter-rotation means that the toothed rollers on the two crushing shafts move in opposite directions, providing effective relative motion for material crushing. As the second crushing shafts 13 rotate, the toothed rollers, staggered on the two second crushing shafts 13, begin to approach each other. When the strip-shaped wood fragments enter the crushing gap formed between the toothed roller and the other second crushing shaft 13, the teeth of the toothed roller exert a strong squeezing and shearing force on the wood fragments. Because the two second crushing shafts 13 rotate in opposite directions, the toothed rollers act like two giant "scissors," gradually shearing and squeezing the wood fragments into smaller particles. After repeated shearing and squeezing by the toothed rollers, the wood fragments are crushed into granular material that meets the requirements. Under the influence of gravity, these granular materials are discharged from the bottom of the fine crushing chamber 2 or other designated discharge ports, and enter the subsequent collection or conveying stages to complete the entire fine crushing process.

[0056] In this embodiment, strip-shaped wood fragments are further crushed into granules. Through the staggered arrangement and synchronous counter-rotation of toothed rollers, the squeezing and shearing forces between the rollers precisely control the particle size of the crushed material, achieving finer and more uniform dimensions to meet the stringent standards for wood particle size across various industries. Compared to simple hammer crushing, toothed roller crushing causes less damage to the material and better preserves its original characteristics. During the crushing process, the squeezing and shearing action of the toothed rollers is relatively gentle, avoiding excessive impact and tearing like hammer crushing, thus reducing fiber breakage and dust generation. This results in granular material with better physical properties and chemical stability, improving material quality and utilization value. The synchronous counter-rotation design of the two second crushing shafts 13 ensures stable movement of the toothed rollers during crushing. This symmetrical rotation balances the forces and vibrations generated during crushing, reducing equipment shaking and noise, and improving operational stability. Simultaneously, a stable crushing process helps ensure the uniformity of the crushed material particle size, preventing excessive particle size deviation. For example, in continuous production processes, stable crushing operation can ensure the stability of product quality and improve production efficiency.

[0057] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the toothed roller includes a second mounting ring 15 fixedly disposed on the second crushing shaft 13, and crushing blocks 16 detachably mounted on the second mounting ring 15. Multiple crushing blocks 16 are arranged in a circumferential array on the second mounting ring 15, wherein the crushing blocks 16 are directly fixed to the second mounting ring 15 by bolts.

[0058] like Figures 5-7 As shown, the linkage assembly includes linkage gears 17 installed on the ends of the two second crushing shafts 13, two transmission gears 18 located below the two linkage gears 17 and meshing with each other, a linkage rod 19 rotatably connecting the meshing linkage gears 17 and the center of the end of the transmission gears 18, and a limiting rod rotatably connected to the center of the end of the two transmission gears 18 at both ends. The two transmission gears 18 mesh with different linkage gears 17 one by one.

[0059] In this embodiment, after the second motor starts, it outputs power, which is transmitted to one of the second crushing shafts 13, causing the second crushing shaft 13 to rotate and the linkage gear 17 mounted on the second crushing shaft 13 to rotate. The linkage gear 17 meshes with the transmission gear 18. The two transmission gears 18 mesh with each other, causing the two linkage gears 17 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The linkage rod 19 rotatably connects the center of the meshing linkage gears 17 and the center of the transmission gears 18. It plays a stabilizing and guiding role in the entire transmission process, ensuring that the meshing relationship between the gears is accurate and that power can be smoothly transmitted from one gear to the other. The two ends of the limiting rod are rotatably connected to the center of the center of the two transmission gears 18. Its main function is to limit the position of the transmission gears 18, prevent the transmission gears 18 from deviating during rotation, and ensure that the two transmission gears 18 always maintain the correct meshing state, thereby ensuring that the two second crushing shafts 13 can rotate stably and synchronously in opposite directions. After the above series of power transmission and conversion, the two linkage gears 17 finally drive the two second crushing shafts 13 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The toothed rollers on the two second crushing shafts 13 also rotate in opposite directions synchronously, and begin to crush the material that enters the crushing gap.

[0060] In this embodiment, the core function of the linkage assembly is to ensure that the two second crushing shafts 13 can rotate precisely and synchronously in opposite directions. Through the meshing relationship of the linkage gear 17 and the transmission gear 18, and with the assistance of the linkage rod 19 and the limiting rod, the power of the second motor is rationally distributed and converted into the opposite rotation of the two crushing shafts. This allows the toothed rollers on the two crushing shafts to move in opposite directions, thereby generating effective compression and shearing forces on the material, achieving efficient crushing. The presence of the linkage rod 19 and the limiting rod enhances the stability of the entire linkage assembly. The linkage rod 19 ensures the rigidity of the connection between the gears, making power transmission more stable and reliable; the limiting rod prevents the transmission gear 18 from shifting, avoiding transmission instability or jamming caused by changes in gear position. The synchronous opposite rotation of the two second crushing shafts 13 makes the crushing action of the toothed rollers on the material more uniform and effective. The rotation in opposite directions allows the material to be subjected to bidirectional compression and shearing in the crushing gap, improving crushing efficiency and enabling the material to be crushed into the required particle size more quickly. Meanwhile, stable transmission and uniform crushing action also help ensure the uniformity of material particle size after crushing, improve crushing quality, and meet the strict requirements of different industries for material particle size.

[0061] The second toothed roller fine crushing assembly also includes an adjusting component for adjusting the crushing gap and bearing seats rotatably mounted on both ends of the second crushing shaft 13, with the ends of the second crushing shaft 13 extending out of the fine crushing chamber; the adjusting component is used to control and adjust the relative distance between the two second crushing shafts 13.

[0062] The adjusting components include a first sliding structure installed on the fine crushing chamber 2 and connected to the two second crushing shafts 13 with bearing seats at the same end, and an adjusting structure that controls the two bearing seats to move away from or closer to each other.

[0063] The adjustment structure includes a lifting cylinder 21 vertically disposed below the two transmission gears 18, and a lifting block 20 disposed on the output end of the lifting cylinder 21 and connected to the transmission gears 18. The lifting cylinder 21 is disposed on the second sliding structure and can slide on the second sliding structure in the opposite direction of the two parallel bearing seats.

[0064] like Figures 5-7As shown, in this embodiment, after the equipment is installed, the initial crushing gap between the two second crushing shafts 13 is preset according to the characteristics of the material to be crushed (such as hardness, initial particle size, etc.) and the required final crushing particle size. At this time, the lifting cylinder 21 is in the initial position and is connected to the transmission gear 18 through the lifting block 20, thereby indirectly affecting the position of the bearing seats at the ends of the two second crushing shafts 13, so that the crushing gap reaches the preset value. When it is necessary to increase the crushing gap to accommodate larger particle size materials or reduce the crushing force, the lifting cylinder 21 is controlled to extend. The output end of the lifting cylinder 21 pushes the lifting block 20 to move upward. Since the lifting block 20 is connected to the transmission gear 18, the transmission gear 18 will move upward accordingly. Under the action of the linkage component, the movement of the transmission gear 18 will drive the linkage gear 17 meshing with it to rotate, thereby causing the two second crushing shafts 13 to move away from each other. Meanwhile, the second sliding structure allows the lifting cylinder 21 to slide along the relative directions of the two parallel bearing seats to compensate for the displacement deviation generated during transmission, ensuring that the two bearing seats move away from each other smoothly and synchronously, ultimately increasing the relative distance between the two second crushing shafts 13, i.e., increasing the crushing gap. To reduce the crushing gap and improve the crushing fineness, the lifting cylinder 21 is controlled to retract. The output end of the lifting cylinder 21 drives the lifting block 20 to move downward, and the transmission gear 18 moves downward accordingly. Through the linkage component, the two second crushing shafts 13 move closer to each other. Similarly, with the cooperation of the second sliding structure, the two bearing seats are ensured to move closer to each other smoothly and synchronously, thereby reducing the crushing gap.

[0065] In this embodiment, if the crushing effect is found to be unsatisfactory during long-term operation of the equipment, such as the particle size of the crushed material not meeting the requirements, or the characteristics of the processed material changing, the operator can dynamically adjust the crushing gap again by controlling the extension and retraction of the lifting cylinder 21. The adjustment process is the same as the above operation, by changing the relative distance between the two second crushing shafts 13, a suitable crushing gap is reset to ensure that the crushing effect of the equipment always meets the production requirements.

[0066] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, both the first sliding structure and the second sliding structure adopt a fixed strip 23 and a sliding strip 22 slidably disposed on the fixed strip 23. Sliding strips 25 are fixedly disposed on both sides of the sliding strip 22. The sliding strips 25 slide through the sliding grooves 24 opened along the length direction on the side of the fixed strip 23, ensuring that the sliding strip 22 can slide stably on the fixed strip 23. The bearing seat can be detachably installed on the sliding strip 22.

[0067] like Figures 1-3As shown, in this embodiment, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding conveyor belt 3 located at the feeding hole 14, limiting plates 5 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding conveyor belt 3, multiple limiting rods 6 symmetrically arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two limiting plates 5, and limiting wheels 7 rotatably arranged on the ends of the limiting rods 6. The middle part of the limiting rod 6 is connected to the limiting plate 5 through a limiting spring 8. When the wood is conveyed by the feeding conveyor belt 3, it is centered on the feeding conveyor belt 3 under the elastic force of the limiting spring 8.

[0068] The discharge mechanism includes a second conveyor belt 4 located below the discharge port.

[0069] A method for crushing wood includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: The feeding assembly conveys the wood into the crushing mechanism and collects the wood diameter data in conjunction with the detection assembly;

[0071] Step 2: The wood enters the first hammer blade pre-crushing component, which tears it into strip-shaped fragments;

[0072] Step 3: The strip-shaped fragments enter the second toothed roller fine crushing component, which refines them to the target particle size through shearing force;

[0073] Step 4: The discharge assembly controls the conveying of granular fragments to the designated location;

[0074] Step 5: The torque sensor monitors the load in real time, and the PLC dynamically adjusts the motor frequency and the toothed roller gap.

[0075] In this embodiment, the grading process of pre-crushing and fine crushing reduces the load of a single crushing operation and improves overall efficiency. The PLC adjusts the motor frequency and toothed roller gap in real time based on the wood diameter and load to ensure uniform particle size that meets target requirements. A torque sensor provides real-time load data, and the PLC adjusts the motor frequency via a frequency converter to prevent prolonged high-load operation. A reasonable gap setting reduces excessive compression between the toothed rollers and the material, lowering tooth wear. When the torque sensor detects that the load exceeds a threshold, the PLC immediately reduces the motor frequency or increases the toothed roller gap to prevent equipment jamming or damage. Adaptive control: The PLC automatically adjusts crushing parameters based on the wood diameter and hardness, reducing the need for manual intervention and improving production continuity. The wood diameter data collected by the detection components and the load data from the torque sensor provide the PLC with decision-making support, enabling intelligent control of the crushing process. The PLC system can connect to a host computer or cloud platform to achieve remote parameter adjustment and fault diagnosis, further improving the convenience of production management.

[0076] It also includes the following steps:

[0077] Step Six: During the crushing process, the vibration of the equipment is monitored in real time by vibration sensors installed in the pre-crushing chamber 1 and the fine crushing chamber 2. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the preset safety threshold, the PLC control component immediately reduces the power output of the first motor and the second motor and issues an alarm signal. At the same time, the feeding component is controlled to stop conveying wood.

[0078] Step 7: Based on the different types and characteristics of wood, pre-set the corresponding crushing parameter templates in the PLC control component, including the initial power of the motor, the initial setting of the toothed roller gap, etc.; after the feeding component collects the wood diameter data, it further identifies the type of wood, and the PLC control component automatically calls the corresponding crushing parameter template according to the identification results.

[0079] In this embodiment, vibration sensors are installed in the pre-crushing chamber 1 and the fine crushing chamber 2 to capture the vibration during equipment operation in real time. The equipment generates a certain degree of vibration during normal crushing, but when the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset safety threshold, it often indicates an abnormality, such as loose parts, severe wear, material blockage, or obstruction by hard objects. Real-time vibration monitoring allows for the timely detection of these potential safety hazards. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the safety threshold, the PLC control component immediately reduces the power output of the first and second motors. Reducing motor power decreases the operating load on the equipment, preventing damage from motor overload caused by abnormal vibration. Simultaneously, the feeding component is controlled to pause the conveying of wood, preventing more material from entering the crushing chamber and exacerbating the abnormal condition. This effectively protects critical components such as hammers, toothed rollers, and bearings, extending the equipment's service life and reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0080] In this embodiment, different types and characteristics of wood have different hardness, moisture content, fiber structure, etc., which affect the difficulty and effect of wood crushing. Hardwoods, with their higher hardness, require greater crushing force and a smaller toothed roller gap to crush them to the appropriate particle size; while softwoods are relatively easy to crush, allowing for the use of less crushing force and a larger toothed roller gap. Pre-setting corresponding crushing parameter templates in the PLC control component, including the initial power of the motor and the initial setting of the toothed roller gap, allows for precise adjustments based on the characteristics of different types of wood, making the crushing process more scientific and reasonable, and improving the crushing effect. After the feeding component collects the wood diameter data, it further identifies the wood type, and the PLC control component automatically calls the corresponding crushing parameter template based on the identification result. This automated parameter adjustment method requires no manual intervention, quickly and accurately adjusting the crushing parameters to the optimal state, avoiding problems caused by human error or untimely adjustments leading to poor crushing results, and improving the automation level of production and the stability of crushing quality. Traditional manual adjustment of crushing parameters requires operators to rely on experience and knowledge of wood to gradually adjust motor power and toothed roller clearance. This process is not only time-consuming but also prone to inaccuracies. However, by pre-setting crushing parameter templates and automatically recalling them, the time spent on parameter adjustments can be significantly reduced. This allows the equipment to quickly adapt to the crushing requirements of different types of wood, improving production efficiency. Automated parameter adjustment and feed control enable continuous production in the wood crushing process. When processing different types of wood, there is no need to stop the machine for parameter adjustments; the equipment can run continuously, reducing downtime, improving overall production efficiency, and lowering production costs.

[0081] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wood breaking apparatus comprising a feeding mechanism, a breaking mechanism, a discharging mechanism, and a driving mechanism, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism comprises a feeding assembly for feeding wood into the crushing mechanism, and a monitoring assembly for collecting the diameter of the wood; the wood is in the form of a stick or a strip; The crushing mechanism comprises a first hammer pre-crushing assembly for crushing the wood into strip-shaped fragments, and a second tooth-roller fine crushing assembly for further crushing the strip-shaped fragments into granular fragments; The driving mechanism comprises a first motor and a second motor for driving the first hammer pre-crushing assembly and the second tooth-roller fine crushing assembly respectively, torque sensors arranged on the first motor and the second motor respectively, and a control assembly for controlling the power output of the motors by using a PLC; When crushing wood with different hardness, the two torque sensors collect the load information of the first motor and the second motor in real time, and adjust the power output of the first motor and the second motor in real time accordingly; The first hammer pre-crushing assembly comprises a first crushing shaft (9) transversely arranged in the pre-crushing chamber, a plurality of first mounting rings (11) fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the axial length, and a hammer group rotatably connected to each first mounting ring (11); the pre-crushing chamber (1) is provided with a feeding port (14) near one end of the first crushing shaft (9) for feeding wood into the pre-crushing chamber (1); the first motor drives the first crushing shaft (9) to rotate around the axial direction; The second tooth-roller fine crushing assembly comprises a fine crushing chamber (2) arranged at the position of the discharge port on the bottom side of the pre-crushing chamber (1), two second crushing shafts (13) arranged symmetrically below and about the discharge port, and a plurality of tooth rollers fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the second crushing shafts (13); the tooth rollers on the two second crushing shafts (13) are arranged alternately, and the tooth rollers and the other second crushing shaft (13) form a crushing gap; the second motor controls the two second crushing shafts (13) to rotate synchronously and reversely through a linkage assembly.

2. The wood breaking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The hammer group comprises at least two hammers (12), and a plurality of hammers (12) are rotatably mounted on the outer ring of the first mounting ring (11) in a circumferential array at one end; the lengths of the plurality of hammers (12) increase gradually from the end of the first crushing shaft (9) near the feeding port to the other end.

3. The wood breaking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The linkage assembly comprises linkage gears (17) mounted on the end portions of the two second crushing shafts (13), two transmission gears (18) arranged below and meshing with each other between the two linkage gears (17), a linkage rod (19) rotatably connected to the center of the end portions of the linkage gears (17) and the transmission gears (18) which mesh with each other, and a limiting rod rotatably connected to the center of the end portions of the two transmission gears (18) at both ends; the two transmission gears (18) correspond to different linkage gears (17) one by one.

4. The wood breaking apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The second tooth-roller fine crushing assembly further comprises an adjusting member for adjusting the size of the crushing gap, and a bearing seat rotatably arranged on the two end portions of the second crushing shaft (13); the end portions of the second crushing shaft (13) pass out of the fine crushing chamber; the adjusting member is used to control the relative distance between the two second crushing shafts (13).

5. The wood breaking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The adjusting member comprises a first sliding structure mounted on the fine crushing chamber (2) and connected to the bearing seats arranged at the same end of the two second crushing shafts (13), and an adjusting structure for controlling the mutual moving away or moving close of the two bearing seats.

6. The wood breaking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The adjusting structure comprises a lifting cylinder (21) arranged vertically below the two transmission gears (18) and a lifting block (20) arranged on the output end of the lifting cylinder (21) and connected with the transmission gears (18), the lifting cylinder (21) is arranged on the second sliding structure and can slide on the second sliding structure in a direction parallel to the relative direction of the two bearing seats.

7. A wood crushing method applied to the wood crushing device of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step one: the feeding assembly transports wood into the crushing mechanism and cooperates with the detection assembly to collect wood diameter data; Step two: the wood enters the first hammer pre-crushing assembly, which tears it into strip-shaped fragments; Step three: the strip-shaped fragments enter the second toothed roller fine crushing assembly, which refines them to the target particle size through shearing force; Step four: the discharging assembly controls the granular fragments to be transported to the designated position; Step five: the torque sensor monitors the load in real time, and the PLC dynamically adjusts the motor frequency and the toothed roller gap.

8. The wood breaking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Further comprising the following steps: Step six: during the crushing process, the vibration sensor arranged in the pre-crushing bin (1) and the fine crushing bin (2) monitors the vibration of the device in real time; when the vibration amplitude exceeds the preset safety threshold, the PLC control assembly immediately reduces the power output of the first motor and the second motor and sends out an alarm signal; at the same time, the feeding assembly is controlled to suspend the transportation of wood; Step seven: according to the types and characteristics of different woods, corresponding crushing parameter templates are set in the PLC control assembly in advance, including the initial power of the motor, the initial setting of the toothed roller gap, etc.; after the feeding assembly collects the wood diameter data, the type of the wood is further identified, and the PLC control assembly automatically calls the corresponding crushing parameter template according to the identification result.

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