Multi-union deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding clamp and machining method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-union deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding clamp which comprises a main body cylinder, a plurality of turning and grinding devices, a plurality of turning and grinding devices, a plurality of turning and grinding devices and a plurality of turning and grinding devices. A driving cavity is formed in the cylinder wall of the main body cylinder; two ends of the elastic cylinder are communicated to form a processing channel; the elastic cylinder is sleeved with the main cylinder, and a convex conical part matched with the concave conical surface is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the elastic cylinder; the moving assembly is arranged in the driving cavity and used for driving the elastic cylinder to move axially; and the air flow channel communicates with the driving cavity and is used for driving the moving assembly to drive the elastic barrel to move in the axial direction by introducing air, so that the convex conical part and the concave conical surface are extruded or separated in a sliding mode, and the convex conical part clamps or loosens the part in the radial direction. Two ends of the main body cylinder are communicated, a traditional oil cylinder connecting end is omitted, cutters on two sides can enter simultaneously, and the original limitation that a single end is occupied is directly solved; the driving structure is internally arranged and drives the convex conical part to axially slide along the concave conical surface, so that radial deformation is generated, and clamping force does not need an external pulling mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fixture technology, and in particular to a multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of multi-joint deep-hole turning and grinding, the machining adaptability of the fixture is a key factor affecting production efficiency and machining accuracy. Existing fixtures often use expansion sleeves clamped behind the machine tool's cylinder or hydraulic direct tensioning to secure the workpiece. One end of the fixture is connected to the machine tool's turntable, and the other end is used for tool processing. However, these fixtures have the following drawbacks in practical applications: Because this type of fixture in the existing technology needs to be connected to the machine tool cylinder or hydraulic drive component, one end is occupied and the tool can only be inserted from the other end to perform inner hole processing operations; and the axial length of the existing fixture is relatively long. This structural limitation makes it necessary to use multiple clamping stations for multiple deep-hole parts to complete the processing of all inner holes; multiple clamping not only greatly increases the processing cycle and reduces production efficiency, but more seriously, the positioning errors generated during each clamping process will accumulate and overlap, making it difficult to meet the high-precision requirements between multiple inner holes, which directly affects product quality.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to design a fixture device to solve the limitation of single-sided processing of the fixture and realize the processing of both sides of the multi-hole deep hole. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture and a processing method thereof to solve the problem in the related art that parts are clamped by connecting one end of the fixture to the machine tool cylinder, one end of the fixture is occupied, and the tool can only be inserted from the other end to perform inner hole processing operations, resulting in the deep hole requiring multiple clamping and processing at multiple stations, reducing efficiency and making it difficult to meet high precision.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-joint deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, which includes: a main body cylinder, both ends of which are connected, and the inner wall of one end is a concave cone surface; a driving cavity is provided in the cylinder wall of the main body cylinder; an elastic cylinder, both ends of which are connected to form a processing channel; the elastic cylinder is sleeved in the main body cylinder, and the outer wall of one end of the elastic cylinder is provided with a convex cone portion that fits the concave cone surface; a moving component, which is arranged in the driving cavity to drive the elastic cylinder to move axially; an air flow passage, which is connected with the driving cavity to drive the moving component to drive the elastic cylinder to move axially by introducing gas, so that the convex cone portion and the concave cone surface slide, squeeze or separate, and the convex cone portion radially clamps or loosens the part.

[0006] In some embodiments, a transmission rod is provided on the inner wall of the main body tube, and the transmission rod is engaged with the elastic tube; the moving assembly is connected to the transmission rod to drive the transmission rod to move axially.

[0007] In some embodiments, a notch is formed on the inner wall of the main body tube and communicates with the driving cavity; a rod portion is provided on the transmission rod that passes through the notch and is connected to the moving assembly; and the moving assembly drives the rod portion to move axially along the main body tube in the notch.

[0008] In some embodiments, the driving chamber includes a first main chamber and a second main chamber; the moving assembly includes a first piston, a second piston and a bolt; the bolt is arranged axially along the main body tube, and its two ends are respectively connected to the first piston and the second piston located in the first main chamber and the second main chamber; the air flow passage is connected to the first main chamber and the second main chamber, and drives the first piston and the second piston to jointly drive the bolt to move axially.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first piston divides the first main chamber into a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber; the second piston divides the second main chamber into a third sub-chamber and a fourth sub-chamber; the air flow path includes a clamping air path and a relaxing air path; the clamping air path is connected to the first sub-chamber and the third sub-chamber to drive the elastic tube to move in the direction in which the elastic tube extends into the main tube; the relaxing air path is connected to the second sub-chamber and the fourth sub-chamber to drive the elastic tube to move in the direction in which the elastic tube extends out of the main tube.

[0010] In some embodiments, pressure regulating valves are provided at the air inlet ends of the clamping air circuit and the loosening air circuit to adjust the pressure of the gas flowing into the first sub-cavity, the second sub-cavity, the third sub-cavity and the fourth sub-cavity.

[0011] In some embodiments, a dust cover is fixedly provided at the end of the main body tube close to the concave cone surface.

[0012] In some embodiments, an anti-rotation pin is further included; a plurality of anti-rotation pins pass through the dust cover and are connected to the elastic tube.

[0013] In some embodiments, a sensor bracket is provided on the outer wall of the main tube; a signal pin is provided on the sensor bracket, which extends into the drive cavity and is connected to the moving component, and the signal pin moves axially synchronously with the moving component; the signal pin is communicated with the machine tool to transmit the movement amount of the moving component to the machine tool.

[0014] On the second aspect, the present application also proposes a processing method for a multi-joint deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, which includes: sleeves the parts in an elastic tube; introducing gas into the air flow passage to push the moving assembly, driving the elastic tube to move in the direction in which the elastic tube extends into the main tube, so that the convex cone is squeezed by the concave cone surface to radially shrink and hold the parts; the cutting tools are respectively inserted from both ends of the elastic tube to complete the inner hole processing of the multi-joint deep holes; introducing gas into the air flow passage to push the moving assembly, driving the elastic tube to move in the direction in which the elastic tube extends out of the main tube, so that the convex cone is separated from the concave cone surface, and the convex cone expands radially and loosens the parts.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this application include: The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-joint deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, in which both ends of the main tube are through-connected, eliminating the traditional oil cylinder connection end, and the tools on both sides can enter at the same time, directly solving the original limitation of single-end occupation; at the same time, under the design of this structure, the clamping and loosening structure is redesigned, that is, the moving components and air flow paths for auxiliary clamping and loosening are integrated into the tube wall of the main tube, that is, arranged in the drive cavity, freeing up space at both ends of the fixture and avoiding external oil cylinders and hydraulic components occupying the processing channel; the convex cone slides along the concave cone surface, thereby generating radial deformation , the clamping force does not require an external pulling mechanism; the air flow enters the drive cavity through the air flow channel, and then pushes the moving component to drive the axial displacement of the elastic cylinder. The drive structure is completely built-in and does not interfere with the processing paths at both ends, eliminating the processing direction restrictions of the existing fixture due to unilateral closure or structural obstruction. In order to adapt to the driving structure of the fixture, the machine tool connected to the axial drive of the fixture is modified to a radial drive connection, that is, the machine tool is radially connected to the driving structure of the fixture, driving the fixture to rotate, thereby allowing the tool to extend from both ends, realizing bilateral synchronous or step-by-step processing of multiple deep holes. This design fundamentally avoids the drawbacks of the existing technology that multiple deep holes require multiple clampings at multiple stations, that is, all inner hole processing can be completed in one clamping, which not only reduces the number of clamping times, but also eliminates the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clampings, effectively ensuring the high precision requirements between multiple deep holes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a top view of the multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 AA section view of the assembled parts; Figure 3 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 AA section view of unassembled parts; Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a drive cavity according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of the structure related to the multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture and the signal pin provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture for unassembled parts provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Main cylinder; 100. Concave cone; 2. Elastic cylinder; 200. Convex cone; 3. Moving assembly; 31. First piston; 32. Second piston; 33. Bolt; 4. Air flow path; 41. Clamping air path; 42. Loosening air path; 5. Parts; 6. Transmission rod; 61. Rod; 7. First main cavity; 71. First auxiliary cavity; 72. Second auxiliary cavity; 8. Second main cavity; 81. Third auxiliary cavity; 82. Fourth auxiliary cavity; 9. Anti-rotation pin; 10. Sensor bracket; 11. Dust cover; 12. Signal pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In order to make the technical problem to be solved by this application clearer, the causes of the technical problem will be specifically analyzed below.

[0021] Because this type of fixture in the existing technology needs to be connected to the machine tool cylinder or hydraulic drive component, one end is occupied and the tool can only be inserted from the other end to perform inner hole processing operations; and the axial length of the existing fixture is relatively long. This structural limitation makes it necessary to use multiple clamping stations for multiple deep-hole parts to complete the processing of all inner holes; multiple clamping not only greatly increases the processing cycle and reduces production efficiency, but more seriously, the positioning errors generated during each clamping process will accumulate and overlap, making it difficult to meet the high-precision requirements between multiple inner holes, which directly affects product quality.

[0022] In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, referring to Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-joint deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture comprises: a main body tube 1, both ends of which are connected, and the inner wall of one end is a concave conical surface 100; a driving cavity is provided in the tube wall of the main body tube 1; an elastic tube 2, both ends of which are connected to form a processing channel; the elastic tube 2 is sleeved in the main body tube 1, and the outer wall of one end of the elastic tube 2 is provided with a convex cone 200 that fits with the concave conical surface 100; a moving component 3, which is arranged in the driving cavity to drive the elastic tube 2 to move axially; an air flow passage 4, which is connected with the driving cavity to drive the moving component 3 to drive the elastic tube 2 to move axially by introducing gas, so that the convex cone 200 and the concave cone 100 slide, squeeze or separate, and the convex cone 200 radially clamps or loosens the part 5.

[0023] By setting up this structure, the two ends of the main tube 1 are connected, the traditional oil cylinder connection end is eliminated, and the tools on both sides can enter at the same time, which directly solves the original limitation of single end being occupied; at the same time, under the design of this structure, the clamping and loosening structure is redesigned, that is, the moving component 3 and the air flow path 4 for auxiliary clamping and loosening are integrated into the tube wall of the main tube 1, that is, arranged in the driving cavity, freeing up the space at both ends of the clamp, avoiding the external oil cylinder and hydraulic components from occupying the processing channel; the convex cone 200 slides along the concave cone surface 100, thereby generating radial deformation, clamping The force does not require an external pulling mechanism; the airflow enters the drive cavity through the airflow passage 4, and then pushes the moving component 3 to drive the axial displacement of the elastic tube 2. The driving structure is completely built-in and does not interfere with the processing paths at both ends, eliminating the processing direction restrictions of the existing fixture due to unilateral closure or structural obstruction. In order to adapt to the driving structure of the fixture, the machine tool connected to the axial drive of the fixture is modified to a radial drive connection, that is, the machine tool is radially connected to the driving structure of the fixture, driving the fixture to rotate, allowing the tool to extend from both ends, realizing double-end synchronous or step-by-step processing of multiple deep holes. This design fundamentally avoids the disadvantages of the existing technology that multiple deep holes require multiple clampings at multiple stations, that is, all inner hole processing can be completed in one clamping, which not only reduces the number of clamping times, but also eliminates the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clampings, effectively ensuring the high precision requirements between multiple deep holes.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments, a transmission rod 6 is provided on the inner wall of the main tube 1 , and the transmission rod 6 is meshedly connected with the elastic tube 2 ; the moving assembly 3 is connected to the transmission rod 6 to drive the transmission rod 6 to move axially.

[0025] In this embodiment, the meshing connection between the transmission rod 6 and the elastic tube 2 ensures stable force transmission. This meshing connection ensures that there is no relative slip between the transmission rod 6 and the elastic tube 2. The axial force of the moving assembly 3 is transmitted to the elastic tube 2, ensuring that the movement distance of the elastic tube 2 is strictly synchronized with the stroke of the moving assembly 3, ensuring the precise sliding of the convex tapered portion 200 along the concave tapered surface 100. Furthermore, the provision of the transmission rod prevents direct contact between the moving assembly 3 and the elastic tube 2.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, a notch is provided on the inner wall of the main tube 1 that communicates with the drive chamber; a rod portion 61 is provided on the transmission rod 6 that passes through the notch and is connected to the moving component 3; the moving component 3 drives the rod portion 61 to move axially along the main tube 1 in the notch.

[0027] In this embodiment, the cooperation between the notch and the rod 61 cleverly solves the spatial connection problem between the moving component 3 and the internal transmission rod 6 in the cylinder wall. The notch serves as a reserved channel, which neither destroys the overall rigidity of the main cylinder 1 nor provides a movement guide for the rod 61; the rod 61 passes through the notch to connect the moving component 3 and the transmission rod 6, forming an external drive, and a closed-loop path for internal execution in the middle, ensuring that the axial force of the moving component 3 can be stably transmitted to the transmission rod 6.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the driving chamber includes a first main chamber 7 and a second main chamber 8; the moving assembly 3 includes a first piston 31, a second piston 32 and a bolt 33; the bolt 33 is arranged axially along the main tube 1, and its two ends are respectively connected to the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 located in the first main chamber 7 and the second main chamber 8; the air flow passage 4 is connected to the first main chamber 7 and the second main chamber 8, and drives the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 to jointly drive the bolt 33 to move axially.

[0029] In this embodiment, in the prior art, the clamp mostly adopts a single-piston drive structure, which has the defect of insufficient driving force. Especially for large-diameter multi-joint deep-hole parts, a single piston is difficult to provide sufficient axial force to make the convex cone 200 and the concave cone 100 fit tightly together; the dual-piston drive structure significantly improves the power output and movement smoothness. The first main cavity 7 and the second main cavity 8 are distributed in the cylinder wall of the main cylinder 1. The two pistons are rigidly connected by bolts 33 to form a synchronous motion unit. When gas is introduced into the air flow passage, the two pistons are subjected to driving forces in the same direction, driving the bolts 33 to move smoothly along the axial direction. The advantage of this design is that the driving forces are superimposed. The combined force of the two pistons is greater than the power provided by the single piston, which can meet the clamping requirements of large-sized parts.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the first piston 31 divides the first main chamber 7 into a first sub-chamber 71 and a second sub-chamber 72; the second piston 32 divides the second main chamber 8 into a third sub-chamber 81 and a fourth sub-chamber 82; the air flow path 4 includes a clamping air path 41 and a relaxing air path 42; the clamping air path 41 is connected to the first sub-chamber 71 and the third sub-chamber 81 to drive the elastic tube 2 to move along the direction in which the elastic tube 2 extends into the main tube 1; the relaxing air path 42 is connected to the second sub-chamber 72 and the fourth sub-chamber 82 to drive the elastic tube 2 to move along the direction in which the elastic tube 2 extends out of the main tube 1.

[0031] In this embodiment, the coordination of the two air circuits and four sub-cavities enables independent and precise control of clamping and loosening. Specifically, during clamping, the clamping air circuit 41 vents air to the first and third sub-cavities 71 and 81. The gas pressure pushes the two pistons inward of the main tube 1, in the direction in which the elastic tube 2 extends, driving the elastic tube 2 to move, squeezing the convex tapered portion 200 and tightly gripping the part 5. During loosening, the loosening air circuit 42 vents air to the second and fourth sub-cavities 72 and 82, pushing the first and second pistons 31 and 32 outward, in the direction in which the elastic tube 2 extends, separating the convex tapered portion 200 from the concave tapered surface 100 and releasing the part 5. The advantages of this design are fast response, enabling instantaneous switching between clamping and release by switching the air circuits, making it suitable for high-frequency operations in mass production. Secondly, the stroke is controllable. By adjusting the air pressure in the two air circuits, the piston movement distance can be precisely controlled, ensuring consistent clamping and release strokes each time, avoiding machining errors caused by stroke deviations. Bidirectional independent drive eliminates the need for mechanical reset, eliminating fatigue wear and tear on components such as springs and improving long-term stability. For multi-joint deep-hole machining, this precise control ensures that part 5 remains stably clamped during bilateral machining and can be quickly released after machining is complete, reducing auxiliary time and improving overall production efficiency.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments, pressure regulating valves are provided at the air inlet ends of the clamping air circuit 41 and the loosening air circuit 42 to adjust the gas pressures entering the first sub-cavity 71 , the second sub-cavity 72 , the third sub-cavity 81 and the fourth sub-cavity 82 .

[0033] In this embodiment, the provision of a pressure-regulating valve enables flexible adjustment of the clamping force, significantly enhancing the versatility and processing adaptability of the fixture. By adjusting the pressure-regulating valve in the clamping air circuit 41, the gas pressure entering the first and third sub-cavities 71 and 81 can be varied. When machining thin-walled parts, the air pressure can be reduced to reduce the radial clamping force of the elastic cylinder 2, preventing deformation of the inner hole or outer diameter of the part 5. When machining thick-walled or high-strength parts, the air pressure can be increased to increase the clamping force, ensuring a secure clamping of the part. Simultaneously, the pressure-regulating valve in the release air circuit 42 adjusts the driving force during release. For minor jamming of the part 5 caused by thermal expansion and contraction during machining, the convex tapered portion 200 and concave tapered surface 100 can be quickly separated by increasing the release air circuit pressure, avoiding damage to the part 5 or the fixture caused by forced release. Furthermore, the pressure-regulating valve compensates for pressure losses in the gas pipeline, ensuring that the actual pressure reaching each sub-cavity is consistent with the preset value, thus ensuring the stability of the clamping force across different batches of machining. This flexible adjustment capability enables the fixture to accommodate a variety of multi-jointed deep-hole parts 5, reducing the time and cost of fixture replacement.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, a dust cover 11 is fixedly provided at the end of the main tube 1 close to the concave cone 100 .

[0035] In this embodiment, the dust cover 11 forms a protective barrier, effectively preventing foreign matter from entering the fixture. It is fixed to the end of the main tube 1, creating a slight gap with the outer wall of the elastic tube 2. This does not affect the axial movement of the elastic tube 2, allowing it to expand and contract freely while intercepting most chips and coolant.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, an anti-rotation pin 9 is further included; a plurality of anti-rotation pins 9 pass through the dust cover 11 and are connected to the elastic tube 2 .

[0037] In this embodiment, the anti-rotation pin 9 is connected to the elastic tube 2 by penetrating the dust cover 11, creating a rigid constraint and preventing the elastic tube 2 from rotating. Specifically, the dust cover 11 is fixed to the main tube 1. One end of the anti-rotation pin 9 is rigidly connected to the dust cover 11, while the other end is embedded in the positioning hole of the elastic tube 2, forming a circumferential fixed chain. This prevents the elastic tube 2 from rotating relative to the main tube 1 and ensures the consistency of the hole positions machined on both sides.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, a sensor bracket 10 is provided on the outer wall of the main tube 1; a signal pin 12 is provided on the sensor bracket 10, which extends into the drive cavity and is connected to the moving component 3, and the signal pin 12 moves axially synchronously with the moving component 3; the signal pin 12 is communicated with the machine tool to transmit the movement amount of the moving component 3 to the machine tool.

[0039] In this embodiment, the signal pin 12 and sensor bracket 10 form a closed-loop monitoring system, enabling visualization and controllability of the clamping process. The signal pin 12 moves synchronously with the moving assembly 3, and its displacement directly reflects the actual travel distance of the elastic cylinder 2. This data is fed back to the control system in real time via communication with the machine tool. This design offers the advantage of real-time monitoring of the clamping status. The machine tool can determine whether the preset clamping stroke has been reached based on the movement reported by the signal pin 12. For example, a movement greater than five millimeters is considered acceptable; if it falls short, an automatic alarm is triggered, preventing the processing of unqualified parts. Furthermore, it enables predictive maintenance. By monitoring the long-term trend of movement, such as a gradual decrease in movement with each clamping, component wear can be determined in advance, allowing scheduled maintenance to be scheduled and reducing unplanned downtime. Furthermore, it enables adaptive adjustment. To address dimensional fluctuations in parts 5 during batch processing, the machine tool can fine-tune the air pressure based on the signal pin 12 data to compensate for travel deviations. For example, if the movement is insufficient, the air pressure is increased to ensure consistent clamping. For high-precision machining of multiple deep holes, this monitoring capability can reduce clamping errors, improving product dimensional consistency and yield.

[0040] Secondly, the present application also provides a processing method for a multi-joint deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, which includes: sleeve-arranging the part 5 in the elastic tube 2; introducing gas into the air flow passage 4 to push the moving component 3, driving the elastic tube 2 to move in the direction in which the elastic tube 2 extends into the main tube 1, so that the convex cone 200 is squeezed by the concave cone surface 100 to radially shrink and hold the part 5; the cutting tool is inserted from both ends of the elastic tube 2 to complete the inner hole processing of the multi-joint deep hole; introducing gas into the air flow passage 4 to push the moving component 3, driving the elastic tube 2 to move in the direction in which the elastic tube 2 extends out of the main tube 1, so that the convex cone 200 is separated from the concave cone surface 100, and the convex cone 200 expands radially and loosens the part 5.

[0041] By designing this method, the inner hole processing of part 5 can be completed in one clamping, which solves the pain points of traditional methods from a process perspective. That is, all inner hole processing can be completed in one clamping, eliminating the error accumulation of multiple positioning, and ensuring the high precision of multiple deep holes; secondly, the tools on both sides process simultaneously or in steps, reducing the waiting time for single-direction processing and shortening the processing cycle; and the clamping and loosening are automatically completed through air circuit control without manual intervention, which reduces operational errors and improves the stability of batch processing. In addition, the method clarifies the telescopic direction of the elastic tube 2 and the action logic of the convex cone 200 to ensure that the operator can use the fixture in a standardized manner and reduce equipment damage or scrapping of parts 5 due to improper operation. This method is deeply adapted to the fixture structure, giving full play to the advantages of the fixture's double-sided processing and stable clamping, and provides a standardized solution for the efficient and high-precision production of multi-deep hole parts 5. The beneficial effects brought about by the present invention include: The present invention proposes a multi-joint deep-hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture and a processing method thereof, wherein both ends of the main tube 1 are through-connected, eliminating the traditional oil cylinder connection end, and the tools on both sides can enter at the same time, directly solving the original limitation of single-end being occupied; at the same time, under the design of this structure, the clamping and loosening structure is redesigned, that is, the moving component 3 and the air flow passage 4 for auxiliary clamping and loosening are integrated into the tube wall of the main tube 1, that is, arranged in the driving cavity, freeing up the space at both ends of the fixture, avoiding the external oil cylinder and hydraulic components from occupying the processing channel; the convex cone 200 slides along the concave cone surface 100, thereby producing Radial deformation occurs, and the clamping force does not require an external pulling mechanism; the air flow enters the drive cavity through the air flow passage 4, and then pushes the moving component 3 to drive the elastic tube 2 to axial displacement. The driving structure is completely built-in and does not interfere with the processing paths at both ends, eliminating the processing direction restrictions caused by the existing fixture being closed on one side or structural obstruction. In order to adapt to the driving structure of the fixture, the machine tool connected to the axial drive of the fixture is modified to a radial drive connection, that is, the machine tool is radially connected to the driving structure of the fixture, driving the fixture to rotate, allowing the tool to extend from both ends, realizing double-end synchronous or step-by-step processing of multiple deep holes. This design fundamentally avoids the disadvantage of the existing technology that multiple deep holes require multiple clampings at multiple stations, that is, all inner hole processing can be completed in one clamping, which not only reduces the number of clamping times, but also eliminates the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clampings, effectively ensuring the high precision requirements between multiple deep holes.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0044] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, characterized in that: It includes: The main body tube (1) has two through-connected ends, and the inner wall of one end is a concave cone surface (100); a driving cavity is provided in the wall of the main body tube (1); An elastic tube (2) with two ends connected to form a processing channel; the elastic tube (2) is sleeved in the main tube (1), and the outer wall of one end of the elastic tube (2) is provided with a convex cone (200) that fits with the concave cone surface (100); A moving assembly (3) is disposed in the driving cavity and is used to drive the elastic tube (2) to move axially; An air flow passage (4) is connected to the driving chamber and is used to drive the moving component (3) to drive the elastic cylinder (2) to move axially by passing gas, so that the convex cone (200) and the concave cone surface (100) are slid, squeezed or separated, and the convex cone (200) radially clamps or loosens the part (5).

2. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission rod (6) is provided on the inner wall of the main body tube (1), and the transmission rod (6) is meshedly connected with the elastic tube (2); The moving assembly (3) is connected to the transmission rod (6) to drive the transmission rod (6) to move axially.

3. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the main body tube (1) is provided with a notch communicating with the drive cavity; the transmission rod (6) is provided with a rod portion (61) passing through the notch and connected to the moving assembly (3); The moving assembly (3) drives the rod portion (61) to move axially along the main body tube (1) in the notch.

4. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving cavity comprises a first main cavity (7) and a second main cavity (8); The moving assembly (3) comprises a first piston (31), a second piston (32) and a bolt (33); the bolt (33) is arranged axially along the main body tube (1), and its two ends are connected to the first piston (31) and the second piston (32) located in the first main cavity (7) and the second main cavity (8), respectively; The air flow passage (4) is in communication with the first main chamber (7) and the second main chamber (8), and drives the first piston (31) and the second piston (32) to jointly drive the bolt (33) to move axially.

5. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first piston (31) divides the first main chamber (7) into a first sub-chamber (71) and a second sub-chamber (72); the second piston (32) divides the second main chamber (8) into a third sub-chamber (81) and a fourth sub-chamber (82); The air flow path (4) includes a clamping air path (41) and a relaxing air path (42); the clamping air path (41) is communicated with the first sub-cavity (71) and the third sub-cavity (81) to drive the elastic tube (2) to move in the direction in which the elastic tube (2) extends into the main tube (1); the relaxing air path (42) is communicated with the second sub-cavity (72) and the fourth sub-cavity (82) to drive the elastic tube (2) to move in the direction in which the elastic tube (2) extends out of the main tube (1).

6. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air inlet ends of the clamping air circuit (41) and the loosening air circuit (42) are both provided with pressure regulating valves for regulating the pressure of the gas flowing into the first sub-cavity (71), the second sub-cavity (72), the third sub-cavity (81) and the fourth sub-cavity (82).

7. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dust cover (11) is fixedly provided on the main body tube (1) at the end close to the concave conical surface (100).

8. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included is an anti-rotation pin (9); A plurality of anti-rotation pins (9) pass through the dust cover (11) and are connected to the elastic tube (2).

9. The multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sensor bracket (10) is provided on the outer wall of the main body tube (1); The sensor bracket (10) is provided with a signal pin (12) extending into the drive cavity and connected to the moving component (3), and the signal pin (12) moves axially synchronously with the moving component (3); The signal pin (12) is communicatively connected to a machine tool to transmit the movement amount of the moving component (3) to the machine tool.

10. A method for processing a multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture, characterized in that: It includes: Provide the multi-joint deep hole bidirectional turning and grinding fixture as claimed in claim 1; The component (5) is sleeved into the elastic tube (2); Gas is introduced into the air flow passage (4) to push the moving assembly (3), thereby driving the elastic tube (2) to move in the direction in which the elastic tube (2) extends into the main tube (1), so that the convex cone (200) is squeezed by the concave cone surface (100) to contract radially and hold the part (5); The cutting tools are inserted from both ends of the elastic tube (2) to complete the inner hole processing of the multiple deep holes; Gas is introduced into the air flow passage (4) to push the moving assembly (3), thereby driving the elastic tube (2) to move in a direction in which the elastic tube (2) extends out of the main tube (1), so that the convex cone (200) is separated from the concave cone surface (100), and the convex cone (200) radially expands and releases the part (5).

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