Diesel additive and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a diesel additive and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biomass diesel additives, and the diesel additive is prepared by the following steps: combining an acid compound with a low-temperature flow improver through esterification reaction to obtain a compound; 1, 4-cyclohexadiene-1, 2-dicarboxylic anhydride is combined with the silanization reinforcing material, and a modified material is obtained; the compound, the modified material and tetradecyl methacrylate are combined through graft copolymerization, and finally the diesel oil additive is obtained. According to the technical scheme, ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid are mixed to form an acid compound, 1-adamantanol and three-arm glyceryl lactate are mixed to form the low-temperature flow improver, and the low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of the diesel oil additive can be well improved; 2, 2-dicarboxyl anhydride is combined with a silanization reinforcing material, so that the wear resistance and oxidation stability of the diesel additive are further improved, and the comprehensive performance of the diesel additive is overall improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biomass diesel additives, and in particular relates to a diesel additive and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Biodiesel, whose primary component is fatty acid methyl esters, is produced through transesterification of oils from oil crops such as soybeans and rapeseed, fruits from oil palm trees such as oil palm and Pistacia chinensis, and aquatic oil plants such as engineered microalgae, as well as animal fats and waste cooking oil, with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. It is a clean biofuel. Biodiesel is an excellent alternative to petroleum diesel, not only reducing humanity's dependence on oil but also serving as a renewable energy source. Biodiesel's high oxygen content and cetane number are beneficial for proper combustion in compression-ignition engines, effectively reducing harmful exhaust emissions. While biodiesel possesses many excellent properties, inherent drawbacks such as poor low-temperature fluidity and insufficient oxidative stability have severely limited its widespread application. Therefore, specific diesel additives are often added to biodiesel to enhance its performance and overall properties, making it more suitable for a variety of applications.

[0003] In the prior art, diesel additives are used to lower the freezing point of biomass diesel and improve its low-temperature fluidity. However, for some biomass diesels with higher freezing points, the improvement effect of the additives is limited and cannot meet the actual application requirements. In addition, antioxidants (such as hindered phenol antioxidants, p-phenylenediamine derivatives, etc.) are added as diesel additives to improve the oxidation stability of biomass diesel, but the improvement effect is also relatively limited and still cannot meet the high-efficiency requirements of the oxidation stability of biomass diesel. In addition, although the use of diesel additives can improve the low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability or anti-wear properties of biomass diesel to a certain extent, their functions are relatively single and can only improve a certain property. Even when improving a certain property of biomass diesel, other properties and indicators may be reduced. There is a lack of synergistic effect between the various components. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a diesel additive with good low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-wear properties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a diesel additive and its application, comprising the following steps: combining an acid compound and a low-temperature flow improver through an esterification reaction to obtain a composite; combining 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with a silanized reinforcing material to obtain a modified material; and combining the composite in step S1, the modified material in step S2, and tetradecyl methacrylate through graft copolymerization to obtain a diesel additive. The prepared diesel additive not only has good low-temperature flow properties, oxidation stability, and anti-wear properties, but also has good overall comprehensive performance, and has a good reinforcing effect when applied to biomass diesel, thereby further extending the service life of the biomass diesel.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: In the prior art, diesel additives are used to lower the freezing point of biomass diesel and improve its low-temperature fluidity. However, for some biomass diesels with higher freezing points, the improvement effect of the additives is limited and cannot meet the actual application requirements; and the improvement effect of adding antioxidants (such as hindered phenol-type antioxidants, p-phenylenediamine derivatives, etc.) as diesel additives to improve the oxidation stability of biomass diesel is also relatively limited, and still cannot meet the high-efficiency requirements of the oxidation stability of biomass diesel; in addition, although the use of diesel additives can improve the low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability or anti-wear properties of biomass diesel to a certain extent, its function is relatively single and can only improve a certain property. Even when improving a certain property of biomass diesel, it may reduce other properties and indicators, and lacks the synergistic effect between the various components. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a diesel additive with good low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-wear properties.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a diesel additive comprises the following steps: S1: combining an acid compound and a low-temperature flow improver through an esterification reaction to obtain a composite; S2: combining 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with a silanized reinforcing material to obtain a modified material; S3: combining the composite material in step S1, the modified material in step S2 and tetradecyl methacrylate through graft copolymerization to obtain a diesel additive.

[0007] Furthermore, step S1 is specifically as follows: The acid compound and the low-temperature flow improver are added to tetrahydrofuran, and then a catalyst is added, followed by stirring and reacting at 95-105° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 11-13 hours. After the reaction is completed, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation, washed with ethanol, and finally vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a composite.

[0008] During the above reaction process, the acid compound has a carboxyl group and the low-temperature flow improver has a hydroxyl group. The carboxyl group in the acid compound can combine with the hydroxyl group in the low-temperature flow improver through an esterification reaction, thereby combining the acid compound and the low-temperature flow improver to finally obtain a complex.

[0009] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the acid compound, the low-temperature flow improver, and tetrahydrofuran is 1.4-1.6:0.9-1.1:50-60.

[0010] Furthermore, the acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 0.9-1.1:0.7-0.8.

[0011] Furthermore, the low-temperature flow improver is composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride mixed in a mass ratio of 0.8-0.9:0.4-0.5.

[0012] Furthermore, the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the three-arm lactic acid glyceride comprises the following steps: Glycerol and lactic acid are mixed, and dimethylbenzene and p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, followed by reaction at 180-190°C for 5-7 hours. After the reaction is completed, the residual dimethylbenzene and lactic acid are removed by vacuum distillation, and then added to a saturated sodium chloride solution and stirred evenly. Then, the mixture is added to ethyl acetate for extraction, and the ethyl acetate is removed by vacuum distillation to obtain three-arm lactic acid glyceride.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the glycerol to the lactic acid is 1:6.

[0015] Furthermore, step S2 is specifically as follows: The silanized reinforcing material is added to dimethyl sulfoxide and mixed evenly to obtain component A. 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to dimethyl sulfoxide and stirred for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain component B. Component B is added to component A, and then reacted at 55-65° C. for 22-24 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is filtered, centrifuged for 5-10 minutes, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and finally vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a modified material.

[0016] During the above reaction process, the silanized reinforcing material has an amino group and the 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride has an anhydride group. The amino group in the silanized reinforcing material can react and combine with the anhydride group in the 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, thereby combining the 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride and the silanized reinforcing material to finally obtain a modified material.

[0017] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silanized reinforcing material to dimethyl sulfoxide is 4.8-5.2:50-60.

[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, and dimethyl sulfoxide is 21-22:11-12:6.5-7.5:90-110.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of component A to component B is 4:1.

[0020] Furthermore, the preparation method of the silanized reinforcing material comprises the following steps: The silane coupling agent is added to a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water and ultrasonically treated for 15-25 minutes, and then the reinforcing material is added and stirred at 75-85° C. for 5-7 hours. The mixture is filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and finally vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a silanized reinforcing material.

[0021] During the above reaction process, the surface of the reinforcing material has hydroxyl groups. The silane coupling agent is hydrolyzed to produce silanol groups, which can combine with the hydroxyl groups on the reinforcing material, grafting the silane coupling agent to the surface of the reinforcing material, and finally obtaining a silanized reinforcing material.

[0022] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, the mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water, and the reinforcing material is 0.4-0.6:90-110:1.8-2.

[0023] Furthermore, the silane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

[0024] Furthermore, the preparation method of the reinforcing material comprises the following steps: Graphene oxide is added to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 0.5-1h to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate are added to anhydrous ethanol and stirred evenly, and then deionized water is added and stirred for 25-35min to obtain a precursor solution, the precursor solution is added to the graphene oxide dispersion, and then stirred in a water bath at 75-85°C for 7-9h. After cooling to room temperature, it is filtered, washed with deionized water, vacuum dried at 45-55°C, and finally calcined at 390-410°C for 1.5-2.5h to obtain a reinforced material.

[0025] During the above reaction process, aluminum oxide and cerium oxide are loaded onto the surface of graphene oxide through a sol-gel method, thereby combining aluminum oxide, cerium oxide and graphene oxide together to obtain a reinforced material.

[0026] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol is 0.5-0.7:90-110.

[0027] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the cerium nitrate hexahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, anhydrous ethanol, and deionized water is 0.05-0.15:0.05-0.15:45-55:20-30.

[0028] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the precursor solution to the graphene oxide dispersion is 1:2.

[0029] Furthermore, step S3 is specifically as follows: The composite material in step S1 and the modified material in step S2 are mixed with tetradecyl methacrylate, and then toluene and a catalyst are added, followed by polymerization reaction at 95-105° C. for 5-7 hours. After the reaction is completed, the toluene is removed by rotary evaporation, and the mixture is washed with anhydrous ethanol and vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a diesel additive.

[0030] During the above reaction process, the compound in step S1, the modified material in step S2, and tetradecyl methacrylate all have carbon-carbon double bonds and can be combined through a graft copolymerization reaction. The compound in step S1, the modified material in step S2, and tetradecyl methacrylate are combined together to finally obtain a diesel additive.

[0031] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the composite, the modified material, and tetradecyl methacrylate is 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:9.5-10.5.

[0032] Furthermore, the catalyst is benzoyl peroxide.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) In the technical solution of the present invention, an acid compound is combined with a low-temperature flow improver through an esterification reaction to obtain a complex; the acid compound is composed of a mixture of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid, and the two have a synergistic effect, which can effectively improve the oxidation stability and low-temperature flow performance of the diesel additive. Ferulic acid, as a phenolic antioxidant, can significantly improve the oxidation stability of biomass diesel, prevent it from oxidative deterioration during storage and use, thereby extending its service life. Ricinoleic acid has a high oxygen content, which helps to promote a more complete combustion process of biomass diesel, not only improving fuel efficiency, but also reducing the emission of unburned hydrocarbons. Ricinoleic acid contains a long-chain fatty acid structure, which can effectively provide additional lubrication effect, protect the internal components of the engine from wear, and further improve the anti-wear effect of the diesel additive. Ricinoleic acid and Ferulic acid is derived from renewable resources and has good biodegradability, reducing its long-term impact on the environment. The low-temperature flow improver is composed of a mixture of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride. The rigid groups in 1-adamantanol have a steric hindrance effect, which can effectively reduce the cold filter plugging point of biomass diesel, maintain the fluidity of biomass diesel at low temperatures, and promote a more complete combustion process. Three-arm lactic acid glyceride has good thermal stability and is not easily decomposed under high temperature conditions. It can improve the oxidation stability and low-temperature fluidity of biomass diesel, and can provide additional lubrication effect, further enhancing the anti-wear performance of the diesel additive. Combining acid compounds with the low-temperature flow improver can play a synergistic role, effectively improving the performance of the diesel additive, so that it has better low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-wear performance in biomass diesel.

[0034] (2) In the technical solution of the present invention, a modified material is obtained by combining 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with a silanized reinforcing material; the silanized reinforcing material is obtained by grafting a reinforcing material with a silane coupling agent, and the reinforcing material is obtained by loading alumina and cerium oxide onto graphene oxide; both alumina and cerium oxide have good catalytic activity, can promote the complete combustion of biomass diesel, and reduce the generation of unburned hydrocarbons, alumina has a certain antioxidant capacity, can improve the oxidation stability of diesel additives, cerium oxide has excellent thermal stability and chemical stability, can reduce friction and wear inside the engine, and further improve the anti-wear effect of biomass diesel, graphene oxide also has good wear resistance, can reduce wear, and help reduce The carbon deposits and other sediments produced during the combustion process are reduced. Loading aluminum oxide and cerium oxide on graphene oxide can enhance its dispersibility, and the three also play a certain synergistic role, which can better improve the anti-wear performance and oxidation stability of the diesel additive; through silane coupling agent grafting, the dispersibility of the reinforcing material in biomass diesel can be further improved, and its compatibility with biomass diesel can be improved. It has a good binding force with 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride can promote a more complete combustion process, has a certain antioxidant ability, can improve the low-temperature fluidity of the diesel additive to a certain extent, and can also provide reaction sites for subsequent reactions, further enhancing the overall performance of the diesel additive.

[0035] (3) In the technical solution of the present invention, the composite material in step S1, the modified material in step S2 and tetradecyl methacrylate are combined by graft copolymerization to finally obtain a diesel additive; the composite material, the modified material and tetradecyl methacrylate are combined by polymerization reaction and have good binding force, and tetradecyl methacrylate has a long-chain alkyl group, which helps to reduce the cold filter point of biomass diesel, improve the low-temperature fluidity of the diesel additive, and help to improve the combustion efficiency of biomass diesel, and provide additional lubrication effect, reduce wear, further enhance the anti-wear effect of the diesel additive, and extend its service life. Combining the composite material, the modified material and tetradecyl methacrylate can better improve the low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-wear performance of the diesel additive, and can further improve the overall performance of biomass diesel.

[0036] (4) In the technical solution of the present invention, an acid compound is combined with a low-temperature flow improver to obtain a composite, 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride is combined with a silanized reinforcing material to obtain a modified material, the composite and the modified material are combined with tetradecyl methacrylate to finally obtain a diesel additive; the prepared diesel additive not only has good low-temperature flow properties, oxidation stability and anti-wear properties, but also has good overall comprehensive performance, and has a good reinforcing effect when applied to biomass diesel, which can further extend the service life of biomass diesel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The specific parameters of the raw materials used in the present invention are as follows: Ricinoleic acid, CAS No. 141-22-0, product No. 01376040, provided by Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd.; ferulic acid, CAS No. 1135-24-6, provided by Shandong Xiya Chemical Co., Ltd.; 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, CAS No. 4773-89-1, provided by Shanghai Jixiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; 1-adamantanol, CAS No. 768-95-6, product No. A801417, provided by Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; graphene oxide, product No. S25040, provided by Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; tetradecyl methacrylate, CAS No. 2549-53-3, product No. 015128678, provided by Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd.

[0039] The preparation method of three-arm lactic acid glyceride comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of glycerol to lactic acid of 1:6, glycerol and lactic acid are mixed, and then dimethylbenzene (the mass of dimethylbenzene is 10% of the mass of glycerol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid is 0.5% of the mass of glycerol) are added, and then reacted at 180-190°C for 5-7h. After the reaction, the residual dimethylbenzene and lactic acid are removed by reduced pressure distillation at 50-60°C, and then added to a 26.5wt% saturated sodium chloride solution (the mass of the saturated sodium chloride solution is 20 times the mass of the glycerol) and stirred evenly. Then, the mixture is added to ethyl acetate for extraction 3 times (the mass of ethyl acetate each time is 50% of the mass of the saturated sodium chloride solution), and the ethyl acetate is removed by reduced pressure distillation at 50-60°C to finally obtain three-arm lactic acid glyceride. Example 1

[0040] The preparation method of the diesel fuel additive comprises the following steps: S1: The acid compound and the low-temperature flow improver are added to tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1.4:0.9:50, and p-toluenesulfonic acid is added (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid is 3% of the mass of the acid compound). The mixture is then stirred and reacted at 95°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 13 hours. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation at 40°C, and the mixture is washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time is 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, the mixture is vacuum dried at 55°C for 12 hours to obtain a composite, wherein the acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid in a mass ratio of 0.9:0.7; the low-temperature flow improver is composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride in a mass ratio of 0.8:0.4; S2: According to the mass ratio of silanized reinforcing material and dimethyl sulfoxide of 4.8:50, the silanized reinforcing material is added to dimethyl sulfoxide and mixed evenly to obtain component A. According to the mass ratio of 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and dimethyl sulfoxide of 21:11:6.5:90, 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to the mixture. The imide was added to dimethyl sulfoxide and stirred for 0.5 h to obtain component B. Component B was added to component A at a mass ratio of 4:1, and then reacted at 55°C for 24 h. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min. The mixture was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water (the mass of each ethanol was equal to that of N-hydroxysuccinimide, and the mass of each deionized water was equal to that of N-hydroxysuccinimide). Finally, the mixture was vacuum dried at 55°C for 12 h to obtain a modified material. The preparation method of the silanized reinforcing material comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ethanol and deionized water mixed solution and reinforcement material being 0.4:90:1.8, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (the volume ratio of ethanol and deionized water was 49:1), and ultrasonic treatment was carried out for 15 minutes (ultrasonic power of 100W, ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz), and then the reinforcement material was added. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm at 75°C for 7 hours, filtered, and washed with ethanol and deionized water three times each (the mass of ethanol each time was 6 times the mass of the reinforcement material, and the mass of deionized water each time was 7 times the mass of the reinforcement material). Finally, it was vacuum dried at 55°C for 12 hours to obtain a silanized reinforcement material. The preparation method of the reinforcement material comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol of 0.5:90, graphene oxide was added to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 0.5h (ultrasonic power of 100W, ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz) to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion. According to the mass ratio of cerium nitrate hexahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water of 0.05:0.05:45:20, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were added to anhydrous ethanol and stirred evenly, and then deionized water was added. and stirred for 25 minutes to obtain a precursor solution, and the precursor solution was added to the graphene oxide dispersion according to the mass ratio of the precursor solution to the graphene oxide dispersion being 1:2, and then stirred at a speed of 100 rpm in a water bath at 75°C for 9 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was filtered, washed with deionized water three times (the mass of the deionized water each time was 60% of the mass of the above deionized water), vacuum dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and finally calcined at 390°C for 2.5 hours to obtain a reinforced material; S3: According to the mass ratio of the composite, the modified material and the tetradecyl methacrylate of 0.5:0.5:9.5, the composite in step S1, the modified material in step S2 and the tetradecyl methacrylate are mixed, and then toluene (the mass of toluene is 6 times the mass of the tetradecyl methacrylate) and benzoyl peroxide (the mass of benzoyl peroxide is 3% of the mass of the tetradecyl methacrylate) are added, and then the polymerization reaction is carried out at 95°C for 7 hours. After the reaction is completed, the toluene is removed by rotary evaporation at 50°C, and the mixture is washed with anhydrous ethanol three times (the mass of anhydrous ethanol each time is 20% of the mass of toluene), and vacuum dried at 55°C for 12 hours to finally obtain a diesel additive. Example 2

[0041] The preparation method of the diesel fuel additive comprises the following steps: S1: The acid compound and the low-temperature flow improver are added to tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1.5:1:55, and p-toluenesulfonic acid is added (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid is 3% of the mass of the acid compound). The mixture is then stirred and reacted at 100°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation at 45°C, and the mixture is washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time is 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, the mixture is vacuum dried at 60°C for 11 hours to obtain a composite, wherein the acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.75; the low-temperature flow improver is composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride in a mass ratio of 0.85:0.45; S2: According to the mass ratio of silanized reinforcing material and dimethyl sulfoxide of 5:55, the silanized reinforcing material is added to dimethyl sulfoxide and mixed evenly to obtain component A. According to the mass ratio of 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and dimethyl sulfoxide of 21.5:11.5:7:100, 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to the mixture. Succinimide was added to dimethyl sulfoxide and stirred for 1 hour to obtain component B. Component B was added to component A at a mass ratio of 4:1, and then reacted at 60°C for 23 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 8 minutes. The mixture was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and three times with deionized water (the mass of each ethanol was equal to that of N-hydroxysuccinimide, and the mass of each deionized water was equal to that of N-hydroxysuccinimide). Finally, the mixture was vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain a modified material. The preparation method of the silanized reinforcing material comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ethanol and deionized water mixed solution and reinforcement material being 0.5:100:1.9, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (the volume ratio of ethanol and deionized water was 49:1), and ultrasonic treatment was carried out for 20 minutes (ultrasonic power of 100W, ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz), and then the reinforcement material was added. The mixture was stirred at 80°C and 500rpm for 6 hours, filtered, and washed with ethanol and deionized water three times each (the mass of ethanol each time was 6 times the mass of the reinforcement material, and the mass of deionized water each time was 7 times the mass of the reinforcement material). Finally, it was vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain a silanized reinforcement material. The preparation method of the reinforcement material comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of graphene oxide and anhydrous ethanol of 0.6:100, graphene oxide was added to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 0.7h (ultrasonic power of 100W, ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz) to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion. According to the mass ratio of cerium nitrate hexahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water of 0.1:0.1:50:25, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were added to anhydrous ethanol and stirred evenly, and then deionized water was added. water and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a precursor solution, and the precursor solution was added to the graphene oxide dispersion according to the mass ratio of the precursor solution to the graphene oxide dispersion being 1:2, and then stirred at a speed of 150 rpm in a water bath at 80°C for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was filtered, washed with deionized water three times (the mass of the deionized water each time was 60% of the mass of the above deionized water), vacuum dried at 50°C for 24 hours, and finally calcined at 400°C for 2 hours to obtain a reinforced material; S3: According to the mass ratio of the composite, the modified material and the tetradecyl methacrylate being 1:1:10, the composite in step S1, the modified material in step S2 and the tetradecyl methacrylate are mixed, and then toluene (the mass of toluene is 6 times the mass of the tetradecyl methacrylate) and benzoyl peroxide (the mass of benzoyl peroxide is 3% of the mass of the tetradecyl methacrylate) are added, and then the polymerization reaction is carried out at 100°C for 6 hours. After the reaction is completed, the toluene is removed by rotary evaporation at 55°C, and the mixture is washed with anhydrous ethanol three times (the mass of anhydrous ethanol each time is 20% of the mass of toluene), and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to finally obtain a diesel additive. Example 3

[0042] The preparation method of the diesel fuel additive comprises the following steps: S1: The acid compound and the low-temperature flow improver are added to tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1.6:1.1:60, and p-toluenesulfonic acid is added (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid is 3% of the mass of the acid compound). The mixture is then stirred and reacted at 105°C for 11 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation at 50°C, and the mixture is washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time is 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, the mixture is vacuum dried at 65°C for 10 hours to obtain a composite, wherein the acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid in a mass ratio of 1.1:0.8; the low-temperature flow improver is composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride in a mass ratio of 0.9:0.5; S2: According to the mass ratio of silanized reinforcing material and dimethyl sulfoxide of 5.2:60, the silanized reinforcing material is added to dimethyl sulfoxide and mixed evenly to obtain component A. According to the mass ratio of 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and dimethyl sulfoxide of 22:12:7.5:110, 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to the mixture. N-hydroxysuccinimide was added to dimethyl sulfoxide and stirred for 1.5 hours to obtain component B. Component B was added to component A at a mass ratio of 4:1, and then reacted at 65°C for 22 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered and centrifuged at 20,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The mixture was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and three times with deionized water (the mass of each ethanol was equal to that of N-hydroxysuccinimide, and the mass of each deionized water was equal to that of N-hydroxysuccinimide). Finally, the mixture was vacuum dried at 65°C for 12 hours to obtain a modified material. The preparation method of the silanized reinforcing material comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ethanol and deionized water mixed solution, and reinforcement material being 0.6:110:2, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (the volume ratio of ethanol and deionized water was 49:1), and ultrasonic treatment was carried out for 25 minutes (ultrasonic power of 100W, ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz), and then the reinforcement material was added. The mixture was stirred at 85°C and 600rpm for 5 hours, filtered, and washed with ethanol and deionized water three times each (the mass of ethanol each time was 6 times the mass of the reinforcement material, and the mass of deionized water each time was 7 times the mass of the reinforcement material). Finally, it was vacuum dried at 65°C for 12 hours to obtain a silanized reinforcement material. The preparation method of the reinforcement material comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio of graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol of 0.7:110, graphene oxide was added to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 1 hour (ultrasonic power of 100W, ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz) to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion. According to the mass ratio of cerium nitrate hexahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water of 0.15:0.15:55:30, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were added to anhydrous ethanol and stirred evenly, and then deionized water was added. and stirred for 35 minutes to obtain a precursor solution, and the precursor solution was added to the graphene oxide dispersion according to the mass ratio of the precursor solution to the graphene oxide dispersion being 1:2, and then stirred at a speed of 200 rpm in a water bath at 85°C for 7 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was filtered, washed with deionized water three times (the mass of the deionized water each time was 60% of the mass of the above deionized water), vacuum dried at 55°C for 24 hours, and finally calcined at 410°C for 1.5 hours to obtain a reinforced material; S3: According to the mass ratio of the composite, the modified material and the tetradecyl methacrylate of 1.5:1.5:10.5, the composite in step S1, the modified material in step S2 and the tetradecyl methacrylate are mixed, and then toluene (the mass of toluene is 6 times the mass of the tetradecyl methacrylate) and benzoyl peroxide (the mass of benzoyl peroxide is 3% of the mass of the tetradecyl methacrylate) are added, and then the polymerization reaction is carried out at 105°C for 5 hours. After the reaction is completed, the toluene is removed by rotary evaporation at 60°C, and the mixture is washed with anhydrous ethanol three times (the mass of anhydrous ethanol each time is 20% of the mass of toluene), and vacuum dried at 65°C for 12 hours to finally obtain a diesel additive.

[0043] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S1, the mass of the acid compound is replaced by ricinoleic acid, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S1: According to the mass ratio of ricinoleic acid, low temperature flow improver and tetrahydrofuran of 1.6:1.1:60, ricinoleic acid and low temperature flow improver were added to tetrahydrofuran, and then p-toluenesulfonic acid was added (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid was 3% of the mass of ricinoleic acid). Then, the mixture was stirred and reacted at 105°C for 11 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran was removed by rotary evaporation at 50°C, and the mixture was washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time was 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, the mixture was vacuum dried at 65°C for 10 hours to obtain a composite, wherein the low temperature flow improver was composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride mixed in a mass ratio of 0.9:0.5.

[0044] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S1, the mass of the acid compound is replaced by ferulic acid, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S1: Ferulic acid and a low-temperature flow improver were added to tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1.6:1.1:60, followed by the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid being 3% of the mass of ferulic acid). The mixture was then stirred and reacted at 105°C for 11 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran was removed by rotary evaporation at 50°C, and the mixture was washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time being 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, the mixture was vacuum dried at 65°C for 10 hours to obtain a composite, wherein the low-temperature flow improver was composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride mixed in a mass ratio of 0.9:0.5.

[0045] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S1, the low-temperature flow improver and other components are replaced by 1-adamantanol, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S1: The acid compound and 1-adamantanol are added to tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1.6:1.1:60, followed by the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid being 3% of the mass of the acid compound). The mixture is then stirred and reacted at 105°C for 11 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation at 50°C, and the mixture is washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time being 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, the mixture is vacuum dried at 65°C for 10 hours to obtain a complex, wherein the acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1.1:0.8.

[0046] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S1, the low-temperature flow improver and other substances are replaced with three-arm lactic acid glyceride, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S1: According to the mass ratio of acid compound, three-arm lactic acid glyceride and tetrahydrofuran of 1.6:1.1:60, the acid compound and three-arm lactic acid glyceride are added to tetrahydrofuran, and then p-toluenesulfonic acid is added (the mass of p-toluenesulfonic acid is 3% of the mass of the acid compound). Then, the reaction is stirred at 105°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 11 hours. After the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation at 50°C, and the mixture is washed three times with ethanol (the mass of ethanol each time is 30% of the mass of tetrahydrofuran). Finally, it is vacuum dried at 65°C for 10 hours to obtain a complex, wherein the acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1.1:0.8.

[0047] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S2, the reinforcing material is prepared by loading alumina onto graphene oxide, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; The preparation method of the reinforcement material comprises the following steps: Graphene oxide was added to anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 0.7:110, and ultrasonic treatment was performed for 1 h (ultrasonic power of 100 W, ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz) to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion. Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate was added to anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 0.3:55:30 to deionized water, and stirred evenly. Deionized water was then added and stirred for 35 min to obtain a precursor solution. The precursor solution was added to the graphene oxide dispersion at a mass ratio of 1:2 to the graphene oxide dispersion, and then stirred at 200 rpm in a water bath at 85°C for 7 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water (the mass of the deionized water each time was 60% of the mass of the above deionized water), vacuum dried at 55°C for 24 h, and finally calcined at 410°C for 1.5 h to obtain a reinforced material.

[0048] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S2, the reinforcing material is prepared by loading cerium oxide onto graphene oxide, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; The preparation method of the reinforcement material comprises the following steps: Graphene oxide was added to anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 0.7:110 and ultrasonically treated for 1 h (ultrasonic power of 100 W, ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz) to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion. Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, anhydrous ethanol, and deionized water were added to anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 0.3:55:30 and stirred uniformly. Deionized water was then added and stirred for 35 min to obtain a precursor solution. The precursor solution was added to the graphene oxide dispersion at a mass ratio of 1:2, and then stirred at 200 rpm in a water bath at 85°C for 7 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water (the mass of the deionized water each time was 60% of the mass of the above deionized water), vacuum dried at 55°C for 24 h, and finally calcined at 410°C for 1.5 h to obtain a reinforced material.

[0049] Comparative Example 7 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S2, the mass of 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride is replaced by maleic anhydride, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S2: According to the mass ratio of silanized reinforcement material and dimethyl sulfoxide of 5.2:60, the silanized reinforcement material is added to dimethyl sulfoxide, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain component A. According to the mass ratio of maleic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and dimethyl sulfoxide of 22:12:7.5:110, maleic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to dimethyl sulfoxide, and Stir for 1.5 hours to obtain component B. According to the mass ratio of component A to component B of 4:1, component B is added to component A, and then reacted at 65°C for 22 hours. After the reaction, it is filtered and centrifuged at a speed of 20,000 rpm for 5 minutes. It is washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times each (the mass of ethanol each time is equal to the mass of N-hydroxysuccinimide, and the mass of deionized water each time is equal to the mass of N-hydroxysuccinimide). Finally, it is vacuum dried at 65°C for 12 hours to obtain a modified material.

[0050] Comparative Example 8 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S3, the complex is combined with tetradecyl methacrylate by polymerization reaction, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S3: According to the mass ratio of the complex to tetradecyl methacrylate of 3:10.5, the complex in step S1 was mixed with tetradecyl methacrylate, and then toluene (the mass of toluene was 6 times the mass of tetradecyl methacrylate) and benzoyl peroxide (the mass of benzoyl peroxide was 3% of the mass of tetradecyl methacrylate) were added, and then polymerization was carried out at 105°C for 5 hours. After the reaction, the toluene was removed by rotary evaporation at 60°C, and the mixture was washed with anhydrous ethanol three times (the mass of anhydrous ethanol each time was 20% of the mass of toluene), and vacuum dried at 65°C for 12 hours to finally obtain a diesel additive.

[0051] Comparative Example 9 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, when preparing the diesel additive, in step S3, the modified material and tetradecyl methacrylate are combined by polymerization reaction, and the remaining steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 3; S3: According to the mass ratio of modified material to tetradecyl methacrylate of 3:10.5, the modified material in step S2 was mixed with tetradecyl methacrylate, and then toluene (the mass of toluene was 6 times the mass of tetradecyl methacrylate) and benzoyl peroxide (the mass of benzoyl peroxide was 3% of the mass of tetradecyl methacrylate) were added, and then polymerization was carried out at 105°C for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the toluene was removed by rotary evaporation at 60°C, and the mixture was washed with anhydrous ethanol three times (the mass of anhydrous ethanol each time was 20% of the mass of toluene), and vacuum dried at 65°C for 12 hours to finally obtain a diesel additive.

[0052] The diesel additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-9 were performance tested. The diesel additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-9 were added to palmitic acid biodiesel, and the addition amount was 1000 mg / kg. The palmitic acid biodiesel used was provided by Fujian Longyan Excellent New Energy Co., Ltd.; the diesel additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-9 were added to biodiesel produced from catering waste oil, and the addition amount was 1500 mg / kg. The catering waste oil biodiesel used was produced by Zhejiang Ningbo Jason Bioenergy Co., Ltd.; the two biomass diesels were tested for low-temperature flowability, oxidative stability and anti-wear performance.

[0053] Low-temperature flowability test: The cold filter plugging point (CPP) test was conducted according to the SH / T 0248-2006 standard. The CPP is the highest temperature at which the volume of liquid passing through the filter does not exceed 20 ml within the specified time. The arithmetic mean of two repeated measurements is taken as the CPP of the sample. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Oxidation stability test: The EN 14112 method (Racimat method) was used to measure the induction period at 110°C to assess the oxidation stability of biodiesel. The instrument used was the Metrohm 743 Oil Oxidation Stability Tester. A longer induction period indicates better oxidation stability of the biodiesel, while a shorter induction period indicates worse oxidation stability. my country's national standard stipulates that the oxidation stability induction period of biodiesel must not be less than 6 hours. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Anti-wear performance test: Anti-wear performance test was conducted according to SH / T 0756-2005 standard, and the wear spot diameter (µm) was detected. The larger the wear spot diameter, the worse the anti-wear performance. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0054] Table 1 Performance parameters of palmitic acid oil biodiesel

[0055] Table 2 Performance parameters of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil

[0056] As can be seen from the data in Tables 1 and 2 above, and from the comparison between Comparative Examples 1-4 and Example 3, in step S1, the mass of the acid compound is replaced by ricinoleic acid or ferulic acid, or the mass of the low-temperature flow improver is replaced by 1-adamantanol or three-arm lactic acid glyceride, and finally the diesel additive is prepared. The test results are worse than those in Example 3, indicating that the acid compound composed of a mixture of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid has a synergistic effect, can effectively improve the oxidation stability and low-temperature flow properties of the diesel additive, and further improve the anti-wear effect of the diesel additive. The low-temperature flow improver composed of a mixture of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride has a synergistic effect, can better improve the low-temperature flow properties and oxidation stability of the diesel additive, effectively reduce the cold filter plugging point of biomass diesel, and can provide additional lubrication effect, further enhancing the anti-wear performance of the diesel additive. By comparing Comparative Examples 5-7 with Example 3, it can be seen that in step S2, the reinforcing material is prepared by loading aluminum oxide onto graphene oxide, or the reinforcing material is prepared by loading cerium oxide onto graphene oxide, or the mass of 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride is replaced with maleic anhydride, and finally the diesel additive is prepared. The test results are worse than those of Example 3, indicating that loading aluminum oxide and cerium oxide onto graphene oxide together can play a synergistic role, effectively improving the anti-wear performance, oxidation stability and low-temperature fluidity of the diesel additive, and combining 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with the silanized reinforcing material not only has a good bonding force, but also can improve the dispersibility of the reinforcing material, further improving the low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-wear performance of the diesel additive; By comparing Comparative Examples 8-9 with Example 3, it can be seen that in step S3, the composite material is combined with tetradecyl methacrylate by polymerization reaction, or the modified material is combined with tetradecyl methacrylate by polymerization reaction, and finally the diesel additive is prepared. The test results are worse than those of Example 3, indicating that the composite material, the modified material and tetradecyl methacrylate are combined by polymerization reaction. The three have good binding force and can play a synergistic role, further improving the low-temperature flow properties, oxidation stability and anti-wear properties of the diesel additive.

[0057] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 and Table 2 above that the diesel additives prepared in Examples 1-3 are compared with the diesel additives prepared in Comparative Examples 1-9. The results show that the diesel additives prepared in Examples 1-3 are obtained by combining an acid compound with a low-temperature flow improver to obtain a composite, combining 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with a silanized reinforcing material to obtain a modified material, and combining the composite and the modified material with tetradecyl methacrylate to finally obtain a diesel additive, which meets the test performance requirements. The diesel additives prepared in Comparative Examples 1-9 do not meet the performance requirements. This shows that the diesel additives prepared in the present invention not only have good low-temperature flow properties, oxidation stability and anti-wear properties, but also have good overall comprehensive performance, and have an enhancing effect on the performance of biomass diesel, thereby extending its service life.

[0058] Throughout the specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "example," or "specific example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0059] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or replace them in similar ways. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a diesel additive, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: combining an acid compound and a low-temperature flow improver through an esterification reaction to obtain a composite; S2: combining 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with a silanized reinforcing material to obtain a modified material; S3: combining the composite material in step S1, the modified material in step S2 and tetradecyl methacrylate through graft copolymerization to obtain a diesel additive.

2. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 is specifically as follows: The acid compound and the low-temperature flow improver are added to tetrahydrofuran, and then a catalyst is added, followed by stirring and reacting at 95-105° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 11-13 hours. After the reaction is completed, the tetrahydrofuran is removed by rotary evaporation, washed with ethanol, and finally vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a composite.

3. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The acid compound is composed of ricinoleic acid and ferulic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 0.9-1.1:0.7-0.

8.

4. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-temperature flow improver is composed of 1-adamantanol and three-arm lactic acid glyceride mixed in a mass ratio of 0.8-0.9:0.4-0.

5.

5. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 is specifically as follows: The silanized reinforcing material is added to dimethyl sulfoxide and mixed evenly to obtain component A. 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to dimethyl sulfoxide and stirred for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain component B. Component B is added to component A, and then reacted at 55-65° C. for 22-24 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is filtered, centrifuged for 5-10 minutes, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and finally vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a modified material.

6. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the silanized reinforcing material comprises the following steps: The silane coupling agent is added to a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water and ultrasonically treated for 15-25 minutes, and then the reinforcing material is added and stirred at 75-85° C. for 5-7 hours. The mixture is filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and finally vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a silanized reinforcing material.

7. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the reinforcing material comprises the following steps: Graphene oxide is added to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 0.5-1h to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate are added to anhydrous ethanol and stirred evenly, and then deionized water is added and stirred for 25-35min to obtain a precursor solution, the precursor solution is added to the graphene oxide dispersion, and then stirred in a water bath at 75-85°C for 7-9h. After cooling to room temperature, it is filtered, washed with deionized water, vacuum dried at 45-55°C, and finally calcined at 390-410°C for 1.5-2.5h to obtain a reinforced material.

8. The method for preparing a diesel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 is specifically as follows: The composite material in step S1 and the modified material in step S2 are mixed with tetradecyl methacrylate, and then toluene and a catalyst are added, followed by polymerization reaction at 95-105° C. for 5-7 hours. After the reaction is completed, the toluene is removed by rotary evaporation, and the mixture is washed with anhydrous ethanol and vacuum dried at 55-65° C. to obtain a diesel additive.

9. A diesel additive prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the diesel additive according to claim 9 in biodiesel.

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