A grader for earthwork roadbed construction

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of earthmoving machinery and discloses a grader for roadbed construction in earthmoving projects. To address the problems of increased movement resistance due to soil accumulation and difficulty in filling potholes, a discharge auger driven by a chip removal drive source is installed on the outer frame. When the construction vehicle pushes the front shovel to shovel the soil, the soil accumulated on the front shovel is directly discharged to the end of the outer frame by the discharge auger, thus avoiding large-scale soil accumulation at the front of the front shovel and achieving the effect of chip removal and obstacle clearing by the auger. Simultaneously, this application utilizes a double-shovel design. After the front shovel shovels out the soil, the soil enters the gap between the front and rear shovels and accumulates. During this process, as the forward-moving outer frame pushes the soil according to the rear shovel, the soil flow direction is opposite to the conveying direction of the discharge auger. Therefore, when encountering potholes, the rear shovel pushes the soil to move, thereby filling the potholes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of earthmoving machinery, and in particular to a grader for earthmoving roadbed construction. Background Technology

[0002] As a core piece of equipment in earthmoving engineering and roadbed construction, the grader is an advanced earthmoving machine that integrates high precision and multi-functionality. With its flexible and versatile scraper operation and strong terrain adaptability, it plays a vital role in many fields such as road construction, farmland improvement, and mining, and has become an indispensable core construction equipment in these sectors.

[0003] Currently, in practical applications, graders typically operate by using the propulsion of a construction vehicle to move the blades directly forward. During this process, the grader relies on the blades' leveling function to smooth the ground, resulting in a relatively flat surface. However, in actual operation, the continuous shoveling of soil by the blades inevitably leads to soil accumulation. As the amount of soil accumulates, the resistance encountered by the grader during movement increases accordingly, which not only affects construction efficiency but may also cause additional wear and tear on the equipment.

[0004] To address this issue, the primary method currently used is to tilt the shovel blade, allowing the scooped soil to be freely discharged along the slope. Theoretically, this method can indeed slow down soil accumulation and reduce resistance to movement. However, in complex practical applications, this approach still has significant drawbacks. When soil is continuously transported along the slope in one direction, if a pothole appears at the beginning of the slope, it's difficult to fill it completely because most of the soil has already been pushed away by the slope. As a result, the leveled road surface will still have unevenness, failing to meet the desired smoothness requirements, thus affecting subsequent construction quality and project progress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering. This grader features a screw conveyor for chip removal and bidirectional soil flow, and can effectively repair potholes generated during construction. This design aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background section, such as increased movement resistance due to soil accumulation and difficulty in filling potholes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a grader for earthwork engineering roadbed construction, comprising: an outer frame, with a front shovel for shoveling and leveling soil; a discharge auger located in the middle of the outer frame and above the front shovel, and a chip removal drive source on the outer frame, the output end of which is connected to the discharge auger via a transmission assembly, the tail end of which extends from one side of the outer frame; when the outer frame moves forward, the front shovel shovels and levels the soil accumulated in front, and if too much soil accumulates on the front shovel, it is transported by the discharge auger and discharged from one end of the outer frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the front shovel is arc-shaped.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the outer frame is provided with a rear shovel located behind the front shovel, and the bottoms of the front and rear shovels are horizontally aligned. The unloading auger is located above the gap between the front and rear shovels. The side of the rear shovel is inclined. When the rear shovel moves forward, the direction of the soil it pushes is opposite to the direction of the soil conveyed by the unloading auger.

[0009] Furthermore, a front shaft is movably mounted at the front of the outer frame, and the front shaft is connected to the chip removal drive source via a transmission assembly. A gear frame is fixedly mounted on the outside of the front shaft, and each gear frame is equipped with several digging teeth.

[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple gear carriers, which are arranged in a ring at equal angles on the outside of the front shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the side profile of the cutting teeth is a right-angled trapezoid.

[0012] Furthermore, a comb plate is fixedly installed at the end of the outer frame.

[0013] Furthermore, a chip removal pipe is movably installed at the end of the outer frame and at the tail end of the unloading auger.

[0014] Furthermore, an arc groove is provided on the outer side of the chip removal pipe, and a limiting pin located in the arc groove is fixedly installed on the outer frame.

[0015] Furthermore, a driven pulley is fixedly installed at the end of the chip removal pipe, and a reversing pulley is movably installed on the outer side of the outer frame and connected to the driven pulley via a belt. A drive shaft is movably installed on the shaft of the reversing pulley, and the drive shaft is connected to the output end of the chip removal drive source. A torque limiter is provided between the drive shaft and the chip removal drive source. Any one of the gears is movably installed on the front shaft, and a spring is connected between the movable gear and the front shaft. A detection component is fixedly installed on the front shaft. The gear compresses the spring and presses against the detection component. The detection component generates an electrical signal when pressed and transmits it to the control system. If the detection component does not transmit an electrical signal to the control system module within a specified time, the control system will cause the chip removal drive source to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention provides a grader for earthmoving and roadbed construction. It features a discharge auger mounted on its outer frame, powered by a chip removal drive source. In actual construction scenarios, when the vehicle pushes its front shovel to scrape soil, the soil that would normally accumulate at the front of the shovel is directly and smoothly discharged to the end of the outer frame by the discharge auger. This process effectively avoids large amounts of soil accumulating at the front of the shovel, significantly reducing the resistance to the grader's movement caused by soil buildup. It achieves a remarkable chip removal and obstacle clearing effect, removing obstacles to the grader's efficient operation.

[0018] Meanwhile, the grader of this application adopts a unique double-shovel design, consisting of a front shovel and a rear shovel arranged horizontally and aligned with a gap between them. The rear shovel is designed with a beveled shape. During the grader's operation, after the front shovel scoops out the soil, the soil does not scatter randomly but naturally enters the gap area between the front and rear shovels and accumulates. As the grader moves forward, the outer frame pushes the soil along with the rear shovel, and the direction of soil flow is opposite to the conveying direction of the unloading auger. This opposite flow design plays a crucial role in dealing with potholes. When encountering potholes, the soil is pushed towards them, and the filling effect of the soil gradually fills the potholes, restoring the road surface to a smooth state.

[0019] Furthermore, as the unloading auger continuously transports soil outwards, it also replenishes soil to the initial section of the slope of the rear shovel. This continuous soil replenishment ensures that the area enclosed by the front and rear shovels always has sufficient soil. With enough soil on the rear shovel, it can fill any depressions that appear in the initial section, ultimately ensuring effective repair of these depressions and significantly improving the quality and efficiency of earthwork roadbed construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0021] The invention will be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the overall external front structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall external back of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional view of the overall side of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a top-down view of the overall three-dimensional structure of the invention and a schematic diagram of the soil flow direction.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Outer frame; 2. Front shovel; 3. Rear shovel; 4. Unloading auger; 5. Drive shaft; 6. Chip removal drive source; 7. Reversing pulley; 701. Driven pulley; 8. Chip removal pipe; 801. Limit pin; 9. Front shaft; 10. Transmission assembly; 11. Gear frame; 12. Comb plate; 13. Spring; 14. Detection assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As can be seen, the outer frame 1 serves as the support for the entire device. It can be fixedly mounted on the engineering vehicle using the mounting holes at its ends. The engineering vehicle's powerful engine propels the outer frame 1 forward. A front shovel 2 is located at the front of the outer frame 1 to shovel and flatten the soil. When the engineering vehicle moves forward using the front shovel 2, it shovels the soil in front of it, and the accumulated soil fills any potholes in the road surface. Because the front shovel 2 in this application is arc-shaped, a large amount of soil accumulates in front of it during its forward movement, increasing the forward resistance of the engineering vehicle. To alleviate this forward pressure, a discharge auger 4 is located in the middle of the outer frame 1 and above the front shovel 2. A chip removal drive source 6 is also located on the outer frame 1. The chip removal drive source 6 can be a motor or a gearbox connected to the engineering vehicle, as long as it provides controllable power output. The specific drive source is selected according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions. The output end of the chip removal drive source 6 is connected to the unloading auger 4 via the transmission assembly 10. The transmission assembly 10 is preferably a sprocket drive, but the use of pulleys or other methods for transmission is also possible. Figure 1As can be seen, the tail end of the unloading auger 4 extends from one side of the outer frame 1. In actual application, as the engineering vehicle pushes the outer frame 1 forward, the front shovel 2 shovels and levels the soil. The chip removal drive source 6, through the transmission component 10, enables the unloading auger 4 to rotate continuously, thereby quickly conveying the soil accumulated in front of the front shovel 2 to its tail end, allowing the soil to be directly discharged from one end of the outer frame 1. This avoids the problem of high movement resistance caused by soil accumulation in front of the front shovel 2.

[0029] Furthermore, this application employs a unique double-shovel design, combined with... Figure 3 It can be seen that the bottom of the outer frame 1 is provided with a rear shovel 3 located behind the front shovel 2, and the bottoms of the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3 are horizontally aligned with each other, leaving a gap between them. The unloading auger 4 is located at the top of this gap. More importantly, the side of the rear shovel 3 is inclined. When the rear shovel 3 moves forward, that is... Figure 3 When the rear shovel 3 moves to the left, the soil pushed by the rear shovel 3 tends to move to one side, that is, towards the direction of the transmission component 10. In actual application, when the engineering vehicle pushes the outer frame 1 forward, initially, since the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3 are not filled with soil, the soil generated by the front shovel 2 moves towards the unloading auger 4. The soil falls into the area between the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3 for temporary storage after passing through the unloading auger 4. After the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3 are filled with soil, the soil can no longer be adjusted to this area. Afterward, since the soil will no longer fall to the bottom through the unloading auger 4, the rotating unloading auger 4 will directly output the excess soil from the end of the outer frame 1, avoiding a large accumulation of soil in front of the front shovel 2.

[0030] At the same time, as the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3 move forward, the inclined surface on the rear shovel 3 tends to push the soil to move. Figure 4 As shown, the soil entering the area between the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3 is pushed to the right by the inclined surface of the rear shovel 3. Therefore, when the rear shovel 3 reaches a depression, the soil in front of it can fill and level it. For the soil near the starting section on the left side of the rear shovel 3, since the unloading auger 4 can discharge the soil accumulated in front of the front shovel 2 and moves the soil to the left, opposite to the direction of soil transport on the inclined surface of the rear shovel 3, the unloading auger 4 can continuously discharge soil outwards and replenish the soil in the starting section of the inclined surface of the rear shovel 3. Not limited to this, if a depression appears in the middle of the rear shovel 3, the soil in the middle falls downwards, and the soil at the bottom of the unloading auger 4 can also replenish it autonomously.

[0031] Example 2 is a further improvement on Example 1. Please refer to Example 1. Figures 1-3It can be seen that since the soil may contain large stones, if the front shovel 2 is used directly for shoveling, the stones may get stuck in the unloading auger 4 or in the area between the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3, which can easily lead to poor soil discharge. Therefore, in this embodiment, a front shaft 9 is movably installed at the front of the outer frame 1, and the front shaft 9 is connected to the chip removal drive source 6 via a transmission assembly 10. When the chip removal drive source 6 starts working, the transmission assembly 10 can simultaneously drive the unloading auger 4 and the front shaft 9 to rotate synchronously. There are multiple tooth frames 11 fixed to the outside of the front shaft 9, arranged in a ring at equal angles on the outside of the front shaft 9. More specifically, each tooth frame 11 is provided with several digging teeth, and the side shape of the digging teeth is a right trapezoid. In practical applications, as the engineering vehicle propels the outer frame 1 forward, the chip removal drive source 6, driven by the transmission assembly 10, causes the unloading auger 4 and the front shaft 9 to rotate clockwise synchronously. As the front shaft 9 rotates, the digging teeth on the gear frame 11 can clean the ground in front of the front shovel 2. Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the toothed frame 11 and the bottom of the front shovel 2 are on the same straight line. By rotating the toothed frame 11 clockwise, the soil can be combed and screened first, thereby pushing out large particles in the soil. Then, when the front shovel 2 passes over the combed soil, it can shovel it and transport it to the unloading auger 4. Then, according to the above, unloading and soil replenishment are carried out in the areas of the front shovel 2 and the rear shovel 3.

[0032] Furthermore, as the toothed frame 11 rotates clockwise, the excavated stones are thrown forward, moving them relatively away from the front shovel section 2, while still being thrown in the same direction as the forward movement of the front shovel section 2. Subsequently, when the front shovel section 2 encounters a pothole, some stones will fill it due to the ejection of the stones by the toothed frame 11. Because of the high strength and hardness of the stones, filling potholes with stones beforehand provides a solid supporting framework for the entire road structure. When bearing the pressure of heavy objects such as vehicles, the stones effectively distribute the pressure, reducing the possibility of road subsidence and deformation, and greatly enhancing the road's load-bearing capacity.

[0033] Based on this, according to Figures 1-3 It is clearly visible that a comb plate 12 is fixedly installed at the end of the outer frame 1. When the tooth frame 11 rotates, the comb plate 12 can pass between the digging teeth to clear stones stuck between them. At the same time, the comb plate 12 also prevents stones from being thrown into the rear front shovel section 2 area. In order to prevent stones from being thrown, bolt holes are also reserved on the top of the comb plate 12 in actual application, so that a baffle of appropriate height can be installed according to the actual use requirements.

[0034] Example 3 is a further improvement on Example 2. Please refer to Example 2. Figure 2 It is evident that a chip removal pipe 8 is movably installed at the end of the outer frame 1 and at the tail end of the unloading auger 4, and the chip removal pipe 8 can only rotate along the central axis of the unloading auger 4. Specifically, the rotation angle is limited by an arc groove on the outer side of the chip removal pipe 8, and a limiting pin 801 is fixedly installed on the outer frame 1 within the arc groove. The length of the arc groove is the deflection range of the chip removal pipe 8. When the chip removal pipe 8 reaches its deflection limit, the end of the arc groove abuts against the limiting pin 801, ultimately limiting the angle deflection of the chip removal pipe 8. Since the chip removal pipe 8 is approximately L-shaped, after the unloading auger 4 transports soil to the chip removal pipe 8, the chip removal pipe 8 can transport the soil further away from the outer frame 1. It should be noted that the tail end of the unloading auger 4 is located within the chip removal pipe 8, ensuring that the soil inside the chip removal pipe 8 has sufficient strength to be discharged outwards when the unloading auger 4 is transporting soil.

[0035] Furthermore, a driven pulley 701 is fixedly installed at the end of the chip removal pipe 8. Correspondingly, a reversing pulley 7 is movably installed on the outer side of the outer frame 1, connected to the driven pulley 701 via a belt. A drive shaft 5 is movably installed on the shaft of the reversing pulley 7, and the drive shaft 5 is connected to the output end of the chip removal drive source 6. In actual arrangement, a torque limiter is also installed between the drive shaft 5 and the chip removal drive source 6. Thus, when the rotational torque of the reversing pulley 7 is too large, the power output can be automatically cut off. Furthermore, according to... Figure 3 As can be seen, any one of the gear racks 11 is movably mounted on the front shaft 9. The gear rack 11 can move radially along the front shaft 9. Moreover, a spring 13 is connected between the gear rack 11 and the front shaft 9. The gear rack 11 is pushed out by the elastic force of the spring 13, so that it is at the same extension length as the fixed gear rack 11.

[0036] A detection component 14 is fixedly mounted on the front shaft 9. When the gear carrier 11 is pushed outward by the spring 13, it releases the pressure on the detection component 14, putting the detection component 14 in an unconnected state. When the gear carrier 11 compresses the spring 13 and presses against the detection component 14, the detection component 14 generates an electrical signal under pressure and sends an electrical signal to the control system. The control system module is generally installed on the corresponding engineering vehicle. In application, if the detection component 14 does not send an electrical signal to the control system module within a specified time, the control system will cause the chip removal drive source 6 to rotate in the reverse direction.

[0037] For details, please refer to Figure 3As shown, during the movement of the engineering vehicle forward along the outer frame 1, the chip removal drive source 6 drives the unloading auger 4 and the front shaft 9 to rotate clockwise. Simultaneously, the output end of the chip removal drive source 6 drives the transmission shaft 5 to rotate clockwise, ensuring the chip removal pipe 8 is horizontally positioned. Then, the front shaft 9 drives the gear frame 11 to first comb through the soil in front, removing stones and throwing them outwards. During this process, as the outer frame 1 continues to move forward, when the movable gear frame 11 contacts the soil, the inclined surface of the gear frame 11 causes it to press against the detection component 14. Therefore, during the rotation of the front shaft 9, the detection component 14 is periodically pressed and sends an electrical signal to the control system. Consequently, the control system causes the chip removal drive source 6 to rotate continuously clockwise. The unloading auger 4 transports the soil into the chip removal pipe 8 and discharges it to the outside.

[0038] When the rear shovel 3 moves to a deeper pit, the operator stops the engineering vehicle from moving forward. As the toothed frame 11 rotates continuously, the movable toothed frame 11 is no longer pushed by the soil, and therefore will not squeeze the detection component 14. When the control system does not receive a signal within the rated time, it will drive the chip removal drive source 6 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the unloading auger 4, the drive shaft 5 and the front shaft 9 rotate in the opposite direction synchronously. The chip removal pipe 8 changes from horizontal to vertical. The soil stored in the chip removal pipe 8 returns through the unloading auger 4. When the unloading auger 4 transports the soil to the direction of the chip removal drive source 6, the soil located on the pit will fall off naturally, and the bottom of the unloading auger 4 will be suspended. After the unloading auger 4 transports the soil to the suspended position, it can focus on filling the deep pit, so that the deep pit will also be filled with soil.

Claims

1. A grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering, characterized in that, include: The outer frame (1) has a front shovel (2) for shoveling and flattening the soil; a discharge auger (4) is provided in the middle of the outer frame (1) and above the front shovel (2); a chip removal drive source (6) is provided on the outer frame (1); the output end of the chip removal drive source (6) is connected to the discharge auger (4) through a transmission assembly (10); and the tail end of the discharge auger (4) extends out from one side of the outer frame (1). When the outer frame (1) moves forward, the front shovel (2) shovels out and flattens the soil piled up in front. If too much soil is piled up on the front shovel (2), it will be transported by the unloading auger (4) and discharged from one end of the outer frame (1). A driven pulley (701) is fixedly installed at the end of the chip removal pipe (8). A reversing pulley (7) is movably installed on the outside of the outer frame (1) and is connected to the driven pulley (701) by a belt. A drive shaft (5) is movably installed on the shaft of the reversing pulley (7), and the drive shaft (5) is connected to the output end of the chip removal drive source (6). A torque limiter is provided between the drive shaft (5) and the chip removal drive source (6); Any gear frame (11) is movably mounted on the front shaft (9). A spring (13) is connected between the movable gear frame (11) and the front shaft (9). A detection component (14) is fixedly mounted on the front shaft (9). The gear frame (11) compresses the spring (13) and presses against the detection component (14). The detection component (14) generates an electrical signal when it is pressed and sends it to the control system. If the detection component (14) does not send an electrical signal to the control system module within a specified time, the control system will cause the chip removal drive source (6) to rotate in the opposite direction.

2. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front shovel (2) is arc-shaped.

3. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the outer frame (1) is provided with a rear shovel (3) located behind the front shovel (2), and the bottoms of the front shovel (2) and the rear shovel (3) are horizontally aligned. The unloading auger (4) is located above the distance between the front shovel (2) and the rear shovel (3). The side of the rear shovel (3) is a slope. When the rear shovel (3) moves forward, the direction of the soil movement is opposite to the direction of soil conveying by the unloading auger (4).

4. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that, A front shaft (9) is movably mounted in front of the outer frame (1), and the front shaft (9) is connected to the chip removal drive source (6) via a transmission assembly (10). Several digging teeth are provided on the gear frame (11).

5. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, There are multiple gear carriers (11), and multiple gear carriers (11) are arranged in a ring at equal angles outside the front shaft (9).

6. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The side of the cutting tooth is shaped like a right trapezoid.

7. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer frame (1) has a comb plate (12) fixedly installed at its end.

8. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, A chip removal pipe (8) is movably installed at the end of the outer frame (1) and at the tail end of the unloading auger (4).

9. The grader for roadbed construction in earthwork engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer side of the chip removal pipe (8) is provided with an arc groove, and a limiting pin (801) located in the arc groove is fixedly installed on the outer frame (1).

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