Temperature control water inlet switch for hot water interlayer by utilizing solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a temperature control water inlet switch for a hot water interlayer using solar energy, the lowest end of the water interlayer is provided with a temperature control water outlet switch, the temperature control water inlet switch comprises a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate which are mutually overlapped and are arranged in a water inlet channel along the cross section direction, the fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel, and the movable valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel. The movable valve plate is rotatably mounted relative to the fixed valve plate, water passing holes are formed in the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate, a water passing channel is formed in the overlapped part of the water passing holes in the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate, and the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism can control and drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to the temperature. When the water interlayer is irradiated by the sun and the heating temperature rises, the water inlet capacity of the water interlayer is synchronously driven to be gradually increased, the solar energy absorption efficiency is better improved, and the solar water heater has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to implement and low in cost.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent "A roof structure with hot water function" with application number 202310294659.1 and application date 2023-03-24. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of utilizing solar energy from a roof, and in particular to a temperature-controlled water inlet switch for heating a water interlayer using solar energy. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, with the gradual depletion of non-renewable energy sources such as oil, the development and utilization of clean energy sources such as solar energy has become a hot topic in research to address the energy crisis. Among them, rooftop solar water heating is a relatively common household solar energy utilization technology.

[0004] There are currently two ways to use solar water heating on rooftops. One is to directly install a solar water heater on the roof to achieve hot water, which is more conventional but has low solar energy utilization efficiency. The other is to directly build a rooftop structure with hot water function, which is more efficient in utilizing solar energy. For example, CN201220248178.4 discloses a solar water pipe combined with roof tiles, CN201010147016.7 discloses solar water heating tiles, and CN114576865A, a patent previously applied for by the inventor, discloses a heat storage and energy-saving tile. All of these technologies can fully utilize solar energy to provide domestic hot water for households. However, this tile technology still has the disadvantages of inconvenient installation and poor control stability.

[0005] Therefore, the applicant considered building on existing technology by directly designing the roof with a water layer, using the roof surface to absorb solar energy to heat the water. However, they found that this approach made it difficult to control the effectiveness of solar water heating. Specifically, if the water layer was too thick, the required temperature would not be reached, while if it was too thin, solar energy would be wasted. Furthermore, even if the thickness was appropriately set, the same problems would arise under varying lighting and weather conditions, making it difficult to effectively control the water heating effect. This explains why there are few existing solutions that directly designate a roof with a water layer to utilize solar water heating.

[0006] Therefore, how to design a roof structure that can more efficiently utilize solar energy to produce hot water and better control the hot water effect has become a problem to be considered and solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a roof structure with a hot water function that can more efficiently utilize solar energy to generate hot water and better control the quality of the hot water. The present invention also provides a temperature-controlled water inlet switch for the solar-heated water interlayer, which increases the water inlet capacity of the interlayer as the temperature of the interlayer rises due to solar heating.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A roof structure with a hot water function is characterized in that it includes a supporting layer, a water interlayer and a surface layer which are integrally laid obliquely on the roof and stacked in sequence from bottom to top. A temperature-controlled water outlet switch is provided at the lower end of the water interlayer, and the temperature-controlled water outlet switch is used to be connected to a hot water storage tank. A water inlet switch is provided at the upper end of the water interlayer, and the water inlet switch is used to be connected to a water source.

[0009] In this way, the water layer can be made thinner in this solution. During daytime use, the water inlet switch is turned on to fill the water layer with water. The direct sunlight on the surface layer heats the water. When the water reaches the rated temperature, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch automatically releases water, and the hot water flows into the hot water storage tank for insulation and storage, providing domestic hot water for the family. At the same time, the water inlet switch automatically replenishes the water, allowing the above process to continue until the end of the day. Therefore, this solution can more efficiently utilize solar energy for hot water production, can achieve automatic control of the hot water effect, and provide users with the greatest possible domestic hot water.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the water interlayer is less than 1 cm. In this way, the water in the water interlayer can be quickly heated to the rated temperature and flowed out for storage when the sun is directly shining, ensuring that hot water of the rated temperature can be obtained even in a shorter illumination time.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch is a memory alloy automatic temperature-controlled switch.

[0012] In this way, it can be automatically controlled to open according to the temperature, allowing hot water that meets the temperature requirement to flow into the hot water storage tank for insulation and storage. The memory alloy automatic temperature control switch is an existing mature product that can rely on the memory alloy to deform at a specific temperature to drive the switch valve to open. The specific structure is not detailed here.

[0013] Furthermore, a constant temperature phase change material layer is provided on the support layer, and the phase change temperature of the constant temperature phase change material layer is in the range of 25-28°C.

[0014] In this way, the constant temperature phase change material layer can better insulate the room and keep the room at a constant temperature that is more suitable for human comfort.

[0015] Furthermore, a heat insulating layer made of heat insulating material is provided between the constant temperature phase change material layer and the water interlayer above.

[0016] In this way, the influence of the higher temperature in the water interlayer on the constant temperature phase change material layer can be avoided.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat insulating material is a foam material, which is low in cost, easy to implement and has excellent heat insulating effect.

[0018] Furthermore, a phase change heat storage material layer is provided between the water interlayer and the surface layer, and the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage material layer is greater than the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch.

[0019] Because the phase change temperature is higher than the outlet water temperature, the phase change thermal storage material will not compete for heat in the water interlayer during periods of low sunlight, thus affecting the hot water production process. However, during periods of high sunlight, the phase change thermal storage material can absorb and store some of the heat that the water interlayer has not yet absorbed, thanks to the phase change process. This allows the phase change material to continue releasing heat at night, meeting the water demand when hot water consumption is high.

[0020] Furthermore, the water inlet switch is a temperature-controlled water inlet switch, which includes a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate that overlap each other and are arranged in the water inlet channel along the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel, and the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate are provided with water holes, and the overlapping parts of the water holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate form a water channel. It also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, which can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to temperature control.

[0021] In this way, the overlapping part of the water holes between the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water channel. When the roof is heated by direct sunlight on the water layer, as the temperature rises, the temperature-controlled water inlet switch can gradually control the rotation of the movable valve plate, so that the area of ​​the overlapping part of the water holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increases, so that the area of ​​the water channel gradually increases, so that the water inlet capacity gradually increases, and the water inlet speed gradually increases. In this way, the water inlet speed matches the heating conditions of the roof, so that when the roof temperature rises rapidly due to direct sunlight and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water to replenish it. Since the design idea of ​​the present application is to use a water layer with a larger area but a thinner thickness to quickly heat it to the rated temperature and flow it out for storage. Therefore, the temperature-controlled water inlet switch with the unique structure and effect mentioned above can make the water inlet capacity match the heating efficiency. The faster the heating, the stronger the water inlet capacity, better ensuring the improvement of the overall hot water efficiency and avoiding heat waste.

[0022] Furthermore, as an optional method, the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear coaxially fixedly connected to the movable valve plate, and also includes a lever crowbar, the fulcrum of the lever crowbar is rotatably mounted on a support plate fixed relatively to the water inlet channel, one end of the lever crowbar is provided with a driving gear with a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle, the driving gear and the driven gear are meshed, the other end of the lever crowbar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, the other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the outer end of an arc tube made of elastic material, the bending direction of the arc tube is arranged corresponding to the rotation direction of the lever crowbar, the outer end of the arc tube is closed, and the inner end of the arc tube is relatively fixed on the water inlet channel; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism also includes a closed channel arranged in a grid shape in the phase change heat storage material layer, the part surrounded by the closed channel is the phase change heat storage material arrangement area, the closed channel is sequentially provided with an elastic skin and a hollow phase change heat storage material support frame outwardly, the interior of the closed channel is sealed and filled with gas and is connected to the inner end of the arc tube.

[0023] As the intensity of direct sunlight increases during the day, the roof heats up faster, and the rate at which the phase-change thermal storage material transforms from a solid phase to a liquid phase increases. As the phase-change thermal storage material absorbs heat and transforms from a solid phase to a liquid phase, its volume increases, causing the elastic skin to gradually bulge inward from the closed channel. This increases the pressure of the gas within the closed channel, and the pressure within the curved tube. Because the outer wall of the curved tube is larger than the inner wall and is made of elastic material, the increased pressure causes the entire curved tube to expand and straighten in the opposite direction of its curvature, causing the outer end of the curved tube to move and rotate the lever through the connecting plate. This in turn drives the passive gear to rotate, and the movable valve plate rotates accordingly, gradually increasing the area of ​​the water hole overlapping the fixed valve plate, increasing water inlet capacity and speed. This better matches the water inlet speed to the roof's heating conditions, ensuring sufficient water inflow when the roof's temperature rises rapidly under direct sunlight and when hot water heating efficiency is high. This mechanism uses an elastic curved tube to convert the expansion of the phase-change material into a pull on the connecting plate, which in turn drives the valve plate to rotate and control the water inflow. Compared to a conversion transmission method where the expansion of the phase-change material directly drives the connecting member into mechanical motion, this method provides a better buffering effect, greater safety, and greater stability. Furthermore, the thermal expansion of the phase-change material does not occur uniformly with increasing heat exposure. Instead, it expands minimally when initially heated and increases in efficiency as the heat level increases. The elastic curved tube exhibits similar properties: when forced to open, its elastic deformation capacity increases with increasing temperature, allowing the valve plate's rotation to achieve on-off control to better match the thermal expansion of the phase-change material. Furthermore, in practice, the elastic force and dimensions of the curved tube can be adjusted to ensure effective control of the valve plate's rotation to achieve on-off control. For example, the arc tube can be designed to consist of multiple sections of materials with varying elasticity. This ensures that when the pressure within the arc tube increases slightly, only the high-elasticity section participates in the deformation. However, as the pressure within the arc tube increases, more sections participate in the deformation, and the deformation control effect is enhanced. This allows the deformation capacity to be better matched to the thermal expansion of the phase change material, allowing the switch adjustment effect to match the heating of the water interlayer, further improving the switch's adjustment and control capabilities.

[0024] Furthermore, the arc tube is an arc-shaped structure and is coaxially arranged around the outside of the passive gear, which can better ensure the deformation adjustment effect of the arc tube.

[0025] Furthermore, the gas filled in the closed channel is an inert gas.

[0026] This makes the inert gas less active and can better avoid additional reactions when heated, thereby improving the stability of the device.

[0027] Furthermore, the roof surface is provided with a black heat-absorbing coating.

[0028] In this way, the sunlight energy can be better absorbed.

[0029] As another optional form of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear coaxially fixedly connected to the movable valve plate, and also includes a lever crowbar, the fulcrum of the lever crowbar is rotatably mounted on a support plate (not shown in the figure) fixed relatively to the water inlet channel, one end of the lever crowbar is provided with a driving gear with a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle, the driving gear and the passive gear are meshed, the other end of the lever crowbar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the executing end of an actuator, the actuator is installed in the water interlayer, the actuator has a fixed end relatively fixed to the inner wall of the water interlayer and an actuator end rotatably connected to the connecting plate, the actuator has a plurality of connected V-shaped segments to make it a zigzag strip, each V-shaped segment is composed of memory alloys with different memory temperatures, and the memory temperature range of the memory alloy is within the range from the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch to below 15 degrees.

[0030] In this way, when the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism is used, after the water temperature in the water interlayer gradually increases, it can gradually drive the memory alloy of each V-shaped segment to move and return to a straight line, and then gradually push the connecting plate to drive the movable valve plate to rotate, so that the overlapping area of ​​the water hole between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increases, the water inlet capacity and speed increase, and automatic regulation of the water inlet is achieved. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism of this embodiment has the advantages of being simpler in structure, easier to implement and cheaper than the first structural method. The disadvantage is that the second structure is greatly affected by the inlet water temperature, and it is difficult to achieve automatic adjustment and control more accurately according to the heating conditions of the roof. At the same time, the structure cannot achieve stepless adjustment. The first structural method is adjusted according to the heating conditions of the phase change heat storage material layer and can be linked with the heating conditions of the phase change heat storage material of the entire roof. It can more accurately and reliably reflect the overall heating conditions of the roof, so the reliability of the switch adjustment will be higher.

[0031] In summary, the present invention can more efficiently utilize solar energy to produce hot water, can better control the hot water effect, and greatly improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the closed channel within a single phase change thermal storage material layer.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the separate water inlet switch.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism according to embodiment 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Implementation 1: A roof structure with hot water function, see Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes an integral supporting layer 1, a water interlayer 2 and a surface layer 3 which are laid obliquely on the roof and stacked in sequence from bottom to top. A temperature-controlled water outlet switch 4 is provided at the lower end of the water interlayer 2, and the temperature-controlled water outlet switch 4 is used to be connected to a hot water storage tank (not shown in the figure). A water inlet switch 5 is provided at the upper end of the water interlayer 2, and the water inlet switch 5 is used to be connected to a water source (not shown in the figure).

[0039] In this solution, the water layer can be relatively thin. During daytime use, the water inlet valve is opened, filling the water layer with water. Direct sunlight shines on the surface layer, heating the water. Once the water reaches the rated temperature, the temperature-controlled water outlet valve automatically releases water, which flows into the hot water storage tank for insulation and storage, providing domestic hot water. Simultaneously, the water inlet valve automatically refills the water supply, allowing this process to continue until the end of the day. Therefore, this solution can more efficiently utilize solar energy for hot water production, enabling automatic control of the hot water quality and maximizing the supply of domestic hot water for users. During implementation, the hot water storage tank can be installed indoors for convenient access to domestic water. Insulation is also provided around the hot water storage tank for improved heat retention. During implementation, the roof structure is designed to be gabled and symmetrically located on both sides. During implementation, the water source can be a water storage tank located above the roof structure, connected to the municipal water network to ensure a more stable water source. Alternatively, the water source can be directly connected to the municipal water network.

[0040] The thickness of the water interlayer 2 is less than 1 cm. In this way, the water in the water interlayer can be quickly heated to the rated temperature and flowed out for storage when the sun is directly shining, ensuring that hot water of the rated temperature can be obtained even in a shorter illumination time.

[0041] Among them, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch 4 is a memory alloy automatic temperature-controlled switch.

[0042] In this way, it can be automatically controlled to open according to the temperature, allowing hot water that meets the temperature requirement to flow into the hot water storage tank for insulation and storage. The memory alloy automatic temperature control switch is an existing mature product that can rely on the memory alloy to deform at a specific temperature to drive the switch valve to open. The specific structure is not detailed here.

[0043] A constant temperature phase change material layer 6 is further provided on the support layer 1 , and the phase change temperature of the constant temperature phase change material layer 6 is in the range of 25-28°C.

[0044] In this way, the constant temperature phase change material layer can better insulate the room and keep the room at a constant temperature that is more suitable for human comfort.

[0045] A heat-insulating layer 7 made of a heat-insulating material is further provided between the constant-temperature phase-change material layer 6 and the upper water interlayer 2 .

[0046] In this way, the influence of the higher temperature in the water interlayer on the constant temperature phase change material layer can be avoided.

[0047] The heat insulating material is a foam material, which is low in cost, easy to implement and has excellent heat insulating effect.

[0048] Among them, a phase change heat storage material layer 8 is also provided between the water interlayer and the surface layer. The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage material layer 8 is greater than the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch.

[0049] Because the phase change temperature is higher than the outlet water temperature, the phase change thermal storage material will not compete for heat in the water interlayer during periods of low sunlight, thus affecting the hot water production process. However, during periods of high sunlight, the phase change thermal storage material can absorb and store some of the heat that the water interlayer has not yet absorbed, thanks to the phase change process. This allows the phase change material to continue releasing heat at night, meeting the water demand when hot water consumption is high.

[0050] Among them, the water inlet switch 5 is a temperature-controlled water inlet switch, which includes a fixed valve plate 10 and a movable valve plate 11 that overlap each other and are arranged in the water inlet channel 9 along the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate 10 is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel 9, and the movable valve plate 11 is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate 10. Both the fixed valve plate 10 and the movable valve plate 11 are provided with water holes 12. The overlapping parts of the water holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate form a water channel. It also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, which can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to temperature control. Figure 3 The middle fixed valve plate 10 and the movable valve plate 11 are in a mutually offset state.

[0051] In this way, the overlapping part of the water holes between the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passage. When the roof is heated by direct sunlight on the water interlayer, the temperature-controlled water inlet switch can gradually control the rotation of the movable valve plate, so that as the temperature rises, the water passage area of ​​the overlapping part of the water holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increases, so that the water inlet capacity and the water inlet speed gradually increase. In this way, the water inlet speed matches the heating conditions of the roof, so that when the roof temperature rises rapidly due to direct sunlight and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water to replenish it. Since the design idea of ​​the present application is to use a water interlayer with a larger area but a thinner thickness to quickly heat it to the rated temperature and flow it out for storage. Therefore, the temperature-controlled water inlet switch with the unique structure and effect mentioned above can match the water inlet capacity with the heating efficiency. The faster the heating, the stronger the water inlet capacity, which better ensures the improvement of the overall hot water efficiency and avoids heat waste.

[0052] The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear 13 coaxially fixedly connected to the movable valve plate 11, and also includes a lever pry bar 14. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably mounted on a support plate (not shown in the figure) fixed relatively to the water inlet channel. One end of the lever pry bar 14 is provided with a driving gear 15 with a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle. The driving gear 15 is engaged with the passive gear 13. The other end of the lever pry bar 14 is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate 16. The other end of the connecting plate 16 is connected to an arc-shaped tube made of elastic material. The outer end of 17 is rotatably connected, and the bending direction of the arc tube 17 is corresponding to the rotation direction of the lever pry bar. The outer end of the arc tube is closed, and the inner end of the arc tube is relatively fixed on the water inlet channel; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism also includes a closed channel 18 arranged in a grid shape in the phase change heat storage material layer, and the part surrounded by the closed channel 18 is the phase change heat storage material arrangement area. The closed channel 18 is sequentially provided with an elastic skin 19 and a hollow phase change heat storage material support frame 20 outwardly. The interior of the closed channel 18 is sealed and filled with gas and is connected to the inner end of the arc tube 17.

[0053] As the intensity of direct sunlight increases during the day, the roof heats up faster, and the rate at which the phase-change thermal storage material transforms from a solid phase to a liquid phase increases. As the phase-change thermal storage material absorbs heat and transforms from a solid phase to a liquid phase, its volume increases, causing the elastic skin to gradually bulge inward from the closed channel. This increases the pressure of the gas within the closed channel, and the pressure within the curved tube. Because the outer wall of the curved tube is larger than the inner wall and is made of elastic material, the increased pressure causes the entire curved tube to expand and straighten in the opposite direction of its curvature, causing the outer end of the curved tube to move and rotate the lever through the connecting plate. This in turn drives the passive gear to rotate, and the movable valve plate rotates accordingly, gradually increasing the area of ​​the water hole overlapping the fixed valve plate, increasing water inlet capacity and speed. This better matches the water inlet speed to the roof's heating conditions, ensuring sufficient water inflow when the roof's temperature rises rapidly under direct sunlight and when hot water heating efficiency is high. This mechanism uses an elastic curved tube to convert the expansion of the phase-change material into a pull on the connecting plate, which in turn drives the valve plate to rotate and control the water inflow. Compared to a conversion and transmission method where the expansion of the phase-change material directly drives the connecting member into mechanical motion, this method provides a better buffering effect and offers greater safety, stability, and continuity. Furthermore, the thermal expansion of the phase-change material does not occur uniformly with increasing heat exposure. Instead, it expands minimally when initially heated and increases in efficiency as the heat level increases. The elastic curved tube exhibits similar properties: when forced to open, its elastic deformation capacity increases with increasing temperature, allowing the valve plate's rotation to achieve on-off control to better match the thermal expansion of the phase-change material. Furthermore, in practice, the elastic force and dimensions of the curved tube can be adjusted to ensure effective control of the valve plate's rotation and on-off control. For example, the arc tube can be designed to consist of multiple sections of materials with varying elasticity. This ensures that when the pressure within the arc tube increases slightly, only the high-elasticity section participates in the deformation. However, as the pressure within the arc tube increases, more sections participate in the deformation, and the deformation control effect is enhanced. This allows the deformation capacity to be better matched to the thermal expansion of the phase change material, allowing the switch adjustment effect to match the heating of the water interlayer, further improving the switch's adjustment and control capabilities.

[0054] The arc tube 17 is an arc-shaped structure and is coaxially arranged around the outside of the passive gear, which can better ensure the deformation adjustment effect of the arc tube.

[0055] The gas filled in the closed channel 18 is an inert gas.

[0056] This makes the inert gas less active and can better avoid additional reactions when heated, thereby improving the stability of the device.

[0057] The roof surface is provided with a black heat-absorbing coating (not shown in the figure).

[0058] In this way, the sunlight energy can be better absorbed.

[0059] Embodiment 2: The rest of the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism is different. Figure 4 , including a passive gear 13' coaxially fixedly connected to the movable valve plate 11', and also including a lever pry bar 14', the fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably mounted on a support plate (not shown in the figure) fixed relatively to the water inlet channel 9', one end of the lever pry bar 14' is provided with a driving gear 15' of a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle, the driving gear 15' is meshed with the passive gear 13', the other end of the lever pry bar 14' is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate 16', and the other end of the connecting plate 16' is connected to a The executing end of each executing member 17' is rotatably connected. The executing member 17' is installed in the water interlayer. The executing member 17' has a fixed end relatively fixed to the inner wall of the water interlayer and an executing end rotatably connected to the connecting plate 16'. The executing member 17' has a plurality of connected V-shaped segments 18' to make it a zigzag strip. Each V-shaped segment 18' is composed of a memory alloy with a different memory temperature. The memory temperature range of the memory alloy is within the range of the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch to below 15 degrees.

[0060] In this way, when the present movable valve plate rotation control mechanism is used, after the water temperature in the water interlayer gradually rises, it can gradually drive the memory alloy of each V-shaped segment to move and return to a straight line, and then gradually push the connecting plate to drive the movable valve plate to rotate, so that the overlapping area of ​​the water hole 12' between the movable valve plate 11' and the fixed valve plate 10' gradually increases, the water inlet capacity and speed increase, and automatic regulation of the water inlet is achieved. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism of this embodiment has the advantages of being simpler in structure, easier to implement and cheaper than the first embodiment. The disadvantage is that the structure of the second embodiment is greatly affected by the inlet water temperature, and it is difficult to achieve automatic adjustment and control more accurately according to the heating conditions of the roof. At the same time, the structure cannot achieve stepless adjustment. The first embodiment adjusts according to the heating conditions of the phase change heat storage material layer and can be linked with the heating conditions of the phase change heat storage material of the entire roof. It can more accurately and reliably reflect the overall heating conditions of the roof, so the reliability of the switch adjustment will be higher.

[0061] Implementation 3: The rest of the structure of this implementation is the same as that of Implementation 1, except that the temperature-controlled water inlet switch used is different. The temperature-controlled water inlet switch in this implementation is shown in FIG. Figure 5, including a fixed valve plate 10 ″ and a movable valve plate 11 ″ which are overlapped with each other and arranged in the water inlet channel along the cross-sectional direction, the fixed valve plate 10 ″ is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel 9 ″, the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate, and both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate are provided with water holes 12 ″, and the overlapping part of the water holes 12 ″ on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passage, and also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, which can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to temperature control; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a coaxial fixed and movable valve plate 11 ″ The connected passive gear 13" also includes a lever crowbar 14", the fulcrum of the lever crowbar is rotatably mounted on a support plate (not shown in the figure) fixed relatively to the water inlet channel, one end of the lever crowbar 14" is provided with a driving gear 15" with a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle, the driving gear 15" is engaged with the passive gear 13", the other end of the lever crowbar 14" is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate 16", the other end of the connecting plate 16" is provided with a piston 17", the piston is slidably mounted in a piston cylinder 18", and the inner cavity of the piston cylinder is communicated with the inner cavity of the phase change heat storage material layer.

[0062] The temperature-controlled water inlet switch using the above structure can also achieve the linkage between the movable valve plate and the phase change material. As the intensity of direct sunlight gradually increases during the day, the roof heats up faster, and the rate at which the phase change thermal storage material changes from solid to liquid increases. After the phase change thermal storage material absorbs heat and changes from solid to liquid, its volume increases, which pushes the piston in the piston cylinder and drives the lever to rotate through the connecting plate, thereby driving the passive gear to rotate. The movable valve plate rotates accordingly, causing the overlapping area of ​​the water hole between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate to gradually increase, thereby increasing the water inlet capacity and speed. In this way, the water inlet speed can be better matched to the heating conditions of the roof, so that when the roof temperature rises rapidly due to direct sunlight and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water to replenish it. Although the above structure is simpler, the use of pistons is prone to problems such as jamming and leakage due to uneven heating of the feet.

[0063] Embodiment 4: The remaining structure of this embodiment is identical to that of Embodiment 1, differing only in the temperature-controlled water inlet switch employed. This temperature-controlled water inlet switch combines the structural features of the temperature-controlled water inlet switches of Embodiments 1 and 3. Specifically, in contrast to Embodiment 3, the piston cylinder does not directly communicate with the inner cavity of the phase-change thermal storage material layer. Instead, a closed channel, similar to that of Embodiment 1, is provided within the phase-change thermal storage material layer, connecting the piston cylinder and the closed channel. For further information, please refer to the corresponding figures. The specific structure is: the temperature-controlled water inlet switch includes a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate which are overlapped with each other and arranged in the water inlet channel along the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel, and the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate are provided with water holes. The overlapping parts of the water holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate form a water channel. It also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to temperature control; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear coaxially fixedly connected to the movable valve plate, and also includes a lever crowbar, the fulcrum of the lever crowbar is rotatably installed Mounted on a support plate relatively fixed to the water inlet channel, one end of the lever pry bar is provided with a driving gear with a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle, the driving gear and the driven gear are meshed, the other end of the lever pry bar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, the other end of the connecting plate is provided with a piston, and the piston is slidably mounted in a piston cylinder; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism also includes a closed channel arranged in a grid shape in the phase change heat storage material layer, the part surrounded by the closed channel is the phase change heat storage material arrangement area, the closed channel is sequentially provided with an elastic skin and a hollow phase change heat storage material support frame outwardly, the interior of the closed channel is sealed and filled with gas and is connected to the inner cavity of the piston cylinder.

[0064] This approach avoids the effects of uneven heating of the phase change material, but still leaves the piston cylinder vulnerable to leakage. Furthermore, the closed channel is filled with an inert gas. This low-reactivity inert gas prevents any additional reactions from occurring during heating, improving device stability.

Claims

1. A temperature-controlled water inlet switch for a water interlayer using solar hot water, wherein a temperature-controlled water outlet switch is provided at the bottom of the water interlayer, characterized in that: The temperature-controlled water inlet switch includes a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate that overlap each other and are arranged in the water inlet channel along the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel, and the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate are provided with water holes. The overlapping portion of the water holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms the water passage. The switch also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism that can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to temperature control. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear coaxially fixedly connected to the movable valve plate, and also includes a lever crowbar. The fulcrum of the lever crowbar is rotatably mounted on a support plate relatively fixed to the water inlet channel. One end of the lever crowbar is provided with a driving gear with a half-tooth structure with the fulcrum as the center of the circle, and the driving gear and the passive gear are meshed. The other end of the lever crowbar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the executing end of an executing component. The executing component is installed in the water interlayer, and the executing component has a fixed end relatively fixed to the inner wall of the water interlayer and an executing end rotatably connected to the connecting plate. The executing component has a plurality of connected V-shaped segments to make it a zigzag strip. Each V-shaped segment is composed of memory alloys with different memory temperatures. The memory temperature range of the memory alloy is within the range from the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch to below 15 degrees.

2. The temperature-controlled water inlet switch for utilizing solar hot water interlayer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the water interlayer is less than 1 cm.

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