GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) monitoring method and system for mine fire area slope risk

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine geological disaster monitoring, and discloses a mine fire area slope risk GNSS monitoring method and system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, laying a monitoring station network: laying a high-temperature-resistant GNSS monitoring station network which comprises a zirconia ceramic antenna housing and a heat reflection coating support; by integrating the high-temperature-resistant monitoring station, the base station, the auxiliary correction unit and the data processing platform, the interference of the high-temperature environment of the coal mine fire area on GNSS monitoring can be effectively solved, the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data are ensured, and the design of the high-temperature-resistant monitoring station, especially the application of a zirconia ceramic antenna housing and a heat reflection coating support, can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of GNSS monitoring. The stability and durability of monitoring equipment in a high-temperature environment are remarkably improved, in addition, the monitoring method and system further have the function of dynamically issuing slope risk early warning in real time, and powerful technical support is provided for prevention and emergency response of mine geological disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine geological disaster monitoring, and in particular to a GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risk in a mine fire zone. Background Art

[0002] Coal mine fire areas generate sustained high temperatures (surface temperatures can reach 300–600°C) due to spontaneous combustion of coal seams, causing the following problems: thermal expansion of the rock mass causes pseudo-deformation of the slope, masking the true displacement; high-temperature thermal convection disturbs the atmosphere, causing refraction errors in GNSS signals; and surface subsidence in the fire area undermines the stability of the base station.

[0003] Existing technologies used in fire zones face problems such as hardware failure, signal distortion, and data misjudgment. Conventional GNSS antenna covers (<120°C) deform at high temperatures, exacerbating receiver clock drift. Thermal convection causes signal path delays, and the meteorological correction error of a single station is >5mm. Thermal expansion pseudo-deformation can account for up to 30–50% of the total displacement, resulting in a high false alarm rate. Carbon fiber antenna covers (temperature resistant to 400°C) still have an electromagnetic shielding effect. The numerical correction model relies solely on the interpolation of a single meteorological parameter, but the accuracy is insufficient. InSAR-assisted monitoring cannot capture sudden displacements in real time.

[0004] To this end, we propose a GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risk in fire areas of mining areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention mainly solves the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and provides a GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risk in fire areas of mining areas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Deploy a network of monitoring stations: Deploy a network of high-temperature GNSS monitoring stations, including zirconia ceramic antenna covers and heat-reflective coating brackets;

[0008] Step 2: Construct an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area: Construct an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area and simultaneously access real-time observation data from ≥3 microwave water vapor radiometers;

[0009] Step 3: Separation of thermal expansion pseudo-deformation: Separation of thermal expansion pseudo-deformation by temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, when the coupling coefficient R 2 Thermal correction is triggered when ≥0.7;

[0010] Step 4: Issue slope risk warning: Dynamically issue slope risk warning based on the corrected displacement rate.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature resistance of the zirconia ceramic antenna cover in the first step is ≥800°C and the dielectric constant is ≤9.

[0012] Preferably, in the first step, the solar radiation absorptivity of the heat-reflective coating bracket is less than 0.3.

[0013] Preferably, the atmospheric disturbance correction model in the second step needs to meet the spatial interpolation accuracy of ≤2mm, and the correction formula is:

[0014]

[0015] Where ZWD is generated by water vapor radiometer data, k1 and k2 are empirical coefficients, which are obtained by fitting the experimental data. Indicates the rate of change of atmospheric pressure with temperature, ΔT fire is the temperature gradient between the fire area and the non-fire area.

[0016] As a preference, the slope risk warning threshold in the fourth step is specifically as follows: when the displacement rate after correction is ≥50mm / year, a level I risk warning is issued; when the displacement rate is ≥30mm / year and R 2 When ≥0.5, a Level II risk alert will be issued.

[0017] A GNSS monitoring system for slope risks in fire zones in mining areas includes the above-mentioned GNSS monitoring method for slope risks in fire zones in mining areas, including a high-temperature resistant monitoring station, a base station, an auxiliary correction unit and a data processing platform. The high-temperature resistant monitoring station includes a dual-frequency GNSS receiver, a zirconia ceramic antenna cover and a heat reflective bracket. The auxiliary correction unit includes a microwave water vapor radiometer and an integrated air pressure and temperature sensor. The data processing platform is used to execute atmospheric correction, thermal expansion elimination and risk warning algorithms. The data processing platform includes an InSAR-based thermal expansion pseudo-deformation elimination module, a fire zone tropospheric delay dynamic correction module and a temperature-displacement coupling coefficient real-time calculation module.

[0018] Preferably, the high temperature resistant monitoring station is arranged within 50-200m from the front of the fire zone.

[0019] Preferably, the reference station is located on stable bedrock 1 km upwind of the fire area.

[0020] The present invention provides a GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risk in mining fire zones. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risks in mine fire zones, by integrating a high-temperature resistant monitoring station, a base station, an auxiliary correction unit and a data processing platform, can effectively solve the interference of the high-temperature environment in coal mine fire zones on GNSS monitoring, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data. The design of the high-temperature resistant monitoring station, especially the application of zirconia ceramic antenna cover and heat-reflective coating bracket, significantly improves the stability and durability of the monitoring equipment in high-temperature environments. At the same time, by constructing an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire zone and adopting a temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, thermal expansion pseudo-deformation is effectively separated, and the false alarm rate of early warning is reduced. In addition, the monitoring method and system also have the function of issuing real-time dynamic slope risk warnings, providing strong technical support for the prevention and emergency response of mine geological disasters.

[0022] 2. This GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risks in mining fire areas, by setting up an auxiliary correction unit, including a microwave water vapor radiometer and an air pressure and temperature integrated sensor, can obtain the atmospheric environmental parameters of the fire area in real time, provide accurate data support for building an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area, and improve the accuracy and applicability of the correction model. At the same time, the application of the air pressure and temperature integrated sensor can also monitor the changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature in the fire area in real time, providing the necessary data input for the calculation of the temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, and further improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0023] 3. This GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risks in mining fire zones, by setting up a data processing platform, can efficiently process monitoring data, execute atmospheric correction, thermal expansion elimination and risk warning algorithms, and ensure the real-time and accuracy of monitoring results. The InSAR-based thermal expansion pseudo-deformation elimination module in the data processing platform can accurately identify and eliminate pseudo-deformations caused by thermal expansion, thereby improving the accuracy of displacement measurement. The fire zone tropospheric delay dynamic correction module can dynamically correct the impact of atmospheric disturbances in the fire zone on the GNSS signal, further reducing monitoring errors. The temperature-displacement coupling coefficient real-time calculation module can calculate the coupling relationship between temperature and displacement in real time, providing a scientific basis for thermal correction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a system module diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the separation thermal expansion pseudo-deformation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings.

[0028] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are intended only to complement the contents disclosed herein and to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the art. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention may be implemented and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in sizes, without affecting the efficacy and objectives of the present invention, shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed herein.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," and "side" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to specific circumstances.

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: A GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0034] Step 1: Deploy a network of monitoring stations: Deploy a network of high-temperature GNSS monitoring stations, including zirconia ceramic antenna covers and heat-reflective coating brackets;

[0035] Step 2: Construct an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area: Construct an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area and simultaneously access real-time observation data from ≥3 microwave water vapor radiometers;

[0036] Step 3: Separation of thermal expansion pseudo-deformation: Separation of thermal expansion pseudo-deformation by temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, when the coupling coefficient R 2 Thermal correction is triggered when ≥0.7;

[0037] Step 4: Issue Slope Risk Warnings: Dynamically issue slope risk warnings based on the corrected displacement rate. By integrating a high-temperature monitoring station, a base station, an auxiliary correction unit, and a data processing platform, the system effectively addresses the interference of high temperatures in coal mine fire zones with GNSS monitoring, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data. The design of the high-temperature monitoring station, particularly the use of zirconia ceramic antenna covers and heat-reflective coating brackets, significantly improves the stability and durability of the monitoring equipment in high-temperature environments. Furthermore, by constructing a fire zone atmospheric disturbance correction model and employing a temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, thermal expansion pseudo-deformation is effectively separated, reducing the false alarm rate. Furthermore, the monitoring method and system also feature the ability to dynamically issue slope risk warnings in real time, providing strong technical support for the prevention of and emergency response to mining geological disasters.

[0038] Example 2: Based on Example 1, Figure 1 As shown, in the first step, the temperature resistance of the zirconia ceramic radome must be ≥800°C and the dielectric constant must be ≤9. In the first step, the solar radiation absorptivity of the heat-reflective coating bracket must be <0.3. In the second step, the atmospheric disturbance correction model must meet the spatial interpolation accuracy of ≤2mm, and the correction formula is:

[0039]

[0040] Where ZWD is generated by water vapor radiometer data, k1 and k2 are empirical coefficients, which are obtained by fitting the experimental data. Indicates the rate of change of atmospheric pressure with temperature, ΔT fireThe temperature gradient between the fire zone and the non-fire zone is measured by an auxiliary correction unit, including a microwave water vapor radiometer and an integrated pressure and temperature sensor. This allows for real-time acquisition of atmospheric environmental parameters in the fire zone, providing accurate data support for constructing a correction model for atmospheric disturbances in the fire zone, thereby improving the accuracy and applicability of the correction model. Furthermore, the integrated pressure and temperature sensor enables real-time monitoring of changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature in the fire zone, providing the necessary data input for the calculation of the temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0041] Example 3: Based on Example 1 and Example 2, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the slope risk warning threshold in the fourth step is specifically: when the displacement rate after correction is ≥50mm / year, a level I risk alert is issued; when the displacement rate is ≥30mm / year and R 2 When the value is ≥0.5, a Level II risk alert is issued. By setting up auxiliary correction units, including microwave water vapor radiometers and integrated pressure and temperature sensors, the atmospheric environmental parameters of the fire area can be obtained in real time, providing accurate data support for the construction of the atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area, improving the accuracy and applicability of the correction model. At the same time, the application of integrated pressure and temperature sensors can also monitor the changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature in the fire area in real time, providing the necessary data input for the calculation of the temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0042] Example 4: Based on Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3, Figure 1 As shown, a GNSS monitoring system for slope risks in fire areas in mining areas includes the above-mentioned GNSS monitoring method for slope risks in fire areas in mining areas, including a high-temperature resistant monitoring station, a base station, an auxiliary correction unit and a data processing platform. The high-temperature resistant monitoring station includes a dual-frequency GNSS receiver, a zirconia ceramic antenna cover and a heat reflection bracket. The auxiliary correction unit includes a microwave water vapor radiometer and an air pressure and temperature integrated sensor. The data processing platform is used to perform atmospheric correction, thermal expansion elimination and risk warning algorithms. The data processing platform includes an InSAR-based thermal expansion pseudo-deformation elimination module, a fire area tropospheric delay dynamic correction module and a temperature-displacement coupling coefficient real-time calculation module. By setting up a data processing platform, it is possible to efficiently process monitoring data, execute atmospheric correction, thermal expansion elimination and risk warning algorithms, and ensure the real-time and accuracy of monitoring results. The InSAR-based thermal expansion pseudo-deformation elimination module in the data processing platform can accurately identify and eliminate pseudo-deformations caused by thermal expansion, improving the accuracy of displacement measurement. The fire area tropospheric delay dynamic correction module can dynamically correct the impact of atmospheric disturbances in the fire area on GNSS signals, further reducing monitoring errors. The temperature-displacement coupling coefficient real-time calculation module can calculate the coupling relationship between temperature and displacement in real time, providing a scientific basis for thermal correction.

[0043] Example 5: Based on Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4, Figure 2 As shown, high-temperature monitoring stations are deployed within 50–200 m of the fire zone's leading edge. The base station is located on stable bedrock 1 km upwind of the fire zone. A data processing platform efficiently processes monitoring data, performs atmospheric correction, eliminates thermal expansion, and implements risk warning algorithms, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of monitoring results. The InSAR-based thermal expansion pseudo-deformation elimination module within the data processing platform accurately identifies and eliminates pseudo-deformations caused by thermal expansion, improving displacement measurement accuracy. The fire zone tropospheric delay dynamic correction module dynamically corrects for the impact of atmospheric disturbances in the fire zone on GNSS signals, further reducing monitoring errors. The temperature-displacement coupling coefficient real-time calculation module calculates the coupling relationship between temperature and displacement in real time, providing a scientific basis for thermal correction.

[0044] Working principle of the present invention:

[0045] In a high-temperature fire zone environment, GNSS signals will be interfered with by various factors, such as atmospheric disturbances, thermal expansion, etc. These factors will lead to inaccurate monitoring data. In order to overcome these challenges, the present invention proposes an innovative GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risks in mining fire zones. The system can effectively correct these interference factors and provide accurate slope risk warnings. As the core part of the system, the design of the high-temperature resistant monitoring station fully considers the high-temperature environment of the fire zone. The zirconia ceramic antenna cover has a temperature resistance of up to 800°C and a low dielectric constant, which ensures that the antenna can still work stably at high temperatures and is not affected by factors such as thermal expansion. At the same time, the solar radiation absorption rate of the heat-reflective coating bracket is less than 0.3, which effectively reduces the impact of solar radiation on the monitoring station and further improves the stability of the system. In terms of data processing, the system adopts an advanced atmospheric disturbance correction model. The model synchronously accesses the real-time observation data of multiple microwave water vapor radiometers, and accurately corrects the atmospheric disturbance through a correction formula with a spatial interpolation accuracy of up to 2mm. In addition, the system also separates thermal expansion pseudo-deformation through a temperature-displacement coupling algorithm. When the coupling coefficient R 2 When the displacement rate reaches or exceeds 0.7, thermal correction is triggered, which further improves the accuracy of the monitoring data. Based on the corrected displacement rate, the system can dynamically issue slope risk warnings. When the displacement rate reaches or exceeds 50mm / year, the system will issue a level I risk alert; when the displacement rate is between 30mm / year and 50mm / year, and R 2When the value reaches or exceeds 0.5, the system will issue a Level II risk alert. This early warning information is crucial for implementing timely slope protection measures and ensuring mine safety. In summary, the GNSS monitoring method and system for slope risk in mine fire zones provided by this invention possess significant technical advantages and application value. It not only overcomes the interference of high-temperature fire zone environments on GNSS monitoring and provides accurate monitoring data, but also dynamically issues slope risk warnings based on this monitoring data, effectively safeguarding safe production in mining areas.

[0046] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone, characterized by: The specific steps include: Step 1: Deploy a network of monitoring stations: Deploy a network of high-temperature GNSS monitoring stations, including zirconia ceramic antenna covers and heat-reflective coating brackets; Step 2: Construct an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area: Construct an atmospheric disturbance correction model for the fire area and simultaneously access real-time observation data from ≥3 microwave water vapor radiometers; Step 3: Separation of thermal expansion pseudo-deformation: Separation of thermal expansion pseudo-deformation by temperature-displacement coupling algorithm, when the coupling coefficient R 2 Thermal correction is triggered when ≥0.7; Step 4: Issue slope risk warning: Dynamically issue slope risk warning based on the corrected displacement rate.

2. The GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the first step, the temperature resistance of the zirconia ceramic antenna cover is ≥800°C, and the dielectric constant is ≤9.

3. The GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the first step, the solar radiation absorption rate of the heat reflective coating bracket is less than 0.

3.

4. The GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone according to claim 1 is characterized by: The atmospheric disturbance correction model in the second step must meet the spatial interpolation accuracy of ≤2mm, and the correction formula is: Where ZWD is generated by water vapor radiometer data, k1 and k2 are empirical coefficients, which are obtained by fitting the experimental data. Indicates the rate of change of atmospheric pressure with temperature, ΔT fire is the temperature gradient between the fire area and the non-fire area.

5. The GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone according to claim 1 is characterized by: The slope risk warning thresholds in the fourth step are as follows: when the displacement rate after correction is ≥50 mm / year, a Level I risk warning is issued; when the displacement rate is ≥30 mm / year and R 2 When ≥0.5, a Level II risk alert will be issued.

6. A GNSS monitoring system for slope risk in a mine fire zone, comprising the GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mine fire zone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It includes a high-temperature resistant monitoring station, a base station, an auxiliary correction unit and a data processing platform. The high-temperature resistant monitoring station includes a dual-frequency GNSS receiver, a zirconia ceramic antenna cover and a heat reflective bracket. The auxiliary correction unit includes a microwave water vapor radiometer and an integrated air pressure and temperature sensor. The data processing platform is used to perform atmospheric correction, thermal expansion elimination and risk warning algorithms. The data processing platform includes an InSAR-based thermal expansion pseudo-deformation elimination module, a fire area tropospheric delay dynamic correction module and a temperature-displacement coupling coefficient real-time calculation module.

7. The GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone according to claim 6 is characterized by: The high temperature resistance monitoring station is arranged within 50-200m from the front of the fire zone.

8. The GNSS monitoring method for slope risk in a mining area fire zone according to claim 6 is characterized by: The reference station is located on stable bedrock 1 km upwind from the fire area.

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