Circuit breaker closing resistor impact environment simulation method, system, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment simulation method, system, medium and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: arranging an acceleration sensor on an arc extinguish chamber of a circuit breaker, carrying out the opening and closing test of a real-type circuit breaker, and collecting the vibration acceleration signal of each measurement point during the opening and closing; performing time domain characteristic quantity calculation on the vibration acceleration signal, extracting a peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv and duration time tc, and converting the vibration acceleration signal from a time domain to a frequency domain impact response spectrum; screening measuring point data of which the frequency domain impact response spectrum dispersibility is lower than a threshold value; installing a closing resistor model on a vibration table, inputting an actually measured vibration signal g (t) into a vibration table control unit, and applying an analog vibration signal g '(t); comparing the similarity of the impact response spectrum of the analog signal g '(t) and the actual measurement signal g (t), and if a preset similarity threshold value is met, completing the impact environment simulation of the closing resistor of the circuit breaker; otherwise, readjusting the parameters or the installation state of the vibration table.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of converter transformers in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission system, and in particular to a method, system, medium and equipment for simulating a circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment. Background Art

[0002] High-voltage circuit breakers are critical devices used to disconnect and connect circuits in power systems, and their safe operation directly impacts the stability of the entire power system. Closing resistors are crucial components in high-voltage circuit breakers, primarily used to reduce inrush current and arc energy during closing, thereby protecting equipment. However, these resistors are subject to severe mechanical shock and vibration during circuit breaker operation. These shocks and vibrations can cause deformation or even damage to the resistor plates, connecting components, and supporting structures, compromising their performance and potentially causing the circuit breaker to malfunction.

[0003] Currently, research on circuit breaker closing resistors has primarily focused on material selection and structural design, lacking comprehensive methods for simulating and analyzing the impact environment during the closing process. Existing technologies struggle to effectively simulate the impact response of closing resistors under actual operating conditions, resulting in inaccurate reliability assessments of closing resistors in high-impact environments. Furthermore, traditional closing resistor testing methods typically rely on static performance testing and fail to reflect the resistor's true operating state under dynamic impact conditions, limiting their application in complex power systems.

[0004] Given these issues, there is an urgent need for a system that can simulate the acceleration shock response of a circuit breaker's closing resistor in a real-world operating environment. By simulating the actual operating conditions of a circuit breaker closing, the resistor's shock response can be accurately tested and analyzed, thereby improving the circuit breaker's design accuracy and operational reliability. This is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems of inaccurate testing and inability to truly reproduce actual operating conditions in the existing technology during the simulation of the circuit breaker closing resistor shock environment, the present invention provides a circuit breaker closing resistor shock environment simulation method, system, medium and equipment. By collecting and processing the vibration acceleration signal data generated by the internal closing resistor and other components of the circuit breaker during the actual circuit breaker opening and closing operations, the acceleration shock response of the circuit breaker closing resistor in the actual working environment can be simulated. This is of great significance for conducting research on the accumulation law of mechanical damage to the closing resistor and ensuring the safety of ultra-high voltage circuit breakers.

[0007] A method for simulating a circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment includes:

[0008] An acceleration sensor is placed on the arc extinguishing chamber of the circuit breaker to conduct a real circuit breaker opening and closing test, collecting the vibration acceleration signals g1(t), g2(t),…,gn(t) at each measuring point during opening and closing.

[0009] Calculating the time domain feature of the vibration acceleration signal, extracting the peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc, and converting the vibration acceleration signal from the time domain into a frequency domain impact response spectrum g1(f), g2(f), …, gn(f);

[0010] Filter the measurement point data whose frequency domain shock response spectrum dispersion is lower than the threshold;

[0011] Install the closing resistance model on the vibration table, input the measured vibration signal g(t) into the vibration table control unit, and apply the simulated vibration signal g′(t);

[0012] Compare the shock response spectra similarity between the simulated signal g′(t) and the measured signal g(t). If the preset similarity threshold is met, the circuit breaker closing resistance shock environment simulation is completed; otherwise, readjust the vibration table parameters or installation status.

[0013] In the described method for simulating the impact environment of a circuit breaker closing resistor, the impact response spectrum calculation model includes inputting a vibration acceleration time domain signal into a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator system with different natural frequencies, solving the acceleration peak response of each oscillator based on a digital filtering recursive algorithm, and generating a shock response spectrum curve.

[0014] In the described method for simulating the impact environment of a circuit breaker closing resistor, the impact response spectrum is the absolute acceleration peak response of each single-degree-of-freedom oscillator system to a time-domain load input. The frequency point of each single-degree-of-freedom oscillator is used as the horizontal coordinate, and its corresponding absolute acceleration peak response is used as the vertical coordinate to obtain a curve diagram of the impact response spectrum, completing the conversion of the acceleration time-domain input to the frequency-domain response representation.

[0015] In the circuit breaker closing resistor shock environment simulation method, the time domain feature quantity of the vibration acceleration signal is calculated, and the peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc are extracted. The peak value apeak is the single peak maximum value of the vibration time domain waveform, and its calculation formula is:

[0016] ,

[0017] Where a is the vibration acceleration time domain signal.

[0018] Kurtosis (Kv) is a dimensionless time-domain indicator used to describe the peak degree of a waveform. Its calculation formula is:

[0019] ,

[0020] Where a is the time domain signal of vibration acceleration, μ is the average value of vibration acceleration, and a rms is the effective value of vibration acceleration,

[0021] The duration tc represents the time interval from the first time the signal crosses the threshold to the time it finally falls below the threshold. Its calculation formula is:

[0022] ,

[0023] Where t0 represents the moment when the signal first crosses the threshold, and t1 represents the time it takes for the signal to finally drop to the threshold.

[0024] The characteristic quantities of the same measuring point during opening and closing are counted and calculated respectively, and the opening and closing operations are distinguished according to the differences in the peak value, kurtosis and duration of the vibration acceleration signal corresponding to the same measuring point.

[0025] In the method for simulating the impact environment of a circuit breaker closing resistance, the dispersion of the impact response spectrum is lower than the threshold value when the difference in the amplitude of the impact response spectrum of the measuring points in the same arc extinguishing chamber area does not exceed ±10%, and the difference in the proportion of high-frequency energy >1 kHz does not exceed ±5%.

[0026] In the circuit breaker closing resistance shock environment simulation method, the preset similarity threshold is: the amplitude correlation coefficient of the shock response spectrum of the simulated signal and the measured signal in the 50 Hz to 5 kHz frequency band is ≥0.9 and the peak frequency deviation is ≤5%.

[0027] In the circuit breaker closing resistor impact environment simulation method, the acceleration sensor is arranged at positions including the closing resistor connecting rod, the arc extinguishing chamber support flange and the operating mechanism box, and the number of measuring points is ≥6.

[0028] A system for implementing the method includes:

[0029] Acceleration sensor arrays are arranged at various measuring points in the circuit breaker arc extinguishing chamber to collect opening and closing vibration acceleration signals;

[0030] A signal processing module is used to calculate the time domain characteristics and impact response spectrum of the vibration signal. The signal processing module includes a signal conditioning unit, a data acquisition card and a terminal for calculation;

[0031] a vibration table for mounting a closing resistor model and applying a simulated vibration signal, wherein the closing resistor model includes a resistor sheet, and the vibration table includes a pressing device for pressing the resistor sheet, a power amplifier, and a power supply;

[0032] The control unit is used to compare the shock response spectra of the simulated signal and the measured signal, and to provide feedback to adjust the vibration table parameters.

[0033] A computer storage medium includes computer instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method described above.

[0034] An electronic device, comprising:

[0035] A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein:

[0036] When the processor executes the program, the method described is implemented.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention utilizes the mechanical impact generated during the closing process of the circuit breaker to have specific dynamic response characteristics, obtains consistent vibration acceleration signals through multiple knocking tests, and analyzes and calculates the natural frequency and damping coefficient of the circuit breaker, which can effectively reproduce the vibration environment under actual working conditions. The impact environment under the opening and closing operation of the circuit breaker is described by the impact response spectrum, and the impact environment data of multiple opening and closing operations at multiple positions are summarized and the spectrum is compiled. Finally, the vibration table is used to realize the impact environment simulation of the closing resistance of the tank circuit breaker. The present invention can sensitively and quickly collect and process vibration signals. On this basis, the present invention further analyzes the vibration signal, extracts key features, and realizes the reliability evaluation of the closing resistance. It has extremely high feasibility, is conducive to promotion and application in actual engineering, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are intended only to illustrate preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings described below are merely examples of the present invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to derive other drawings from these drawings without inventive effort. Throughout the drawings, identical reference numerals are used to denote identical components.

[0039] In the attached figure:

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a data acquisition schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figures 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic diagrams of the measurement point settings of the present invention, Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the measurement point arrangement, and Figure 3(b) is an image of the measurement point arrangement;

[0043] Figures 4(a) and 4(b) are schematic diagrams of the vibration table arrangement of the present invention, Figure 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the vibration table arrangement, and Figure 4(b) is an image of the vibration table arrangement;

[0044] Figures 5(a) to 5(c) are schematic diagrams of data curves of the present invention, wherein Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the input measured waveform, Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the measured simulation waveform, and Figure 5(c) is a schematic diagram comparing the impulse response spectra of the simulated signal and the measured signal.

[0045] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although specific embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0047] It should be noted that certain words are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that technicians may use different nouns to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not use the difference in nouns as a way to distinguish components, but use the difference in the functions of the components as the criterion for distinction. As mentioned throughout the specification and claims, "including" or "comprising" is an open term, so it should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". The subsequent description of the specification is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the description is based on the general principles of the specification and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be as defined in the attached claims.

[0048] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanation will be given below using specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG5(c), the circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment simulation method includes the following steps:

[0050] An acceleration sensor is placed on the arc extinguishing chamber of the circuit breaker to conduct a real circuit breaker opening and closing test, collecting the vibration acceleration signals g1(t), g2(t),…,gn(t) at each measuring point during opening and closing.

[0051] The vibration acceleration signal is subjected to time domain feature calculation to extract the peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc. The vibration acceleration signal is then converted from the time domain into a frequency domain shock response spectrum g1(f), g2(f),…, gn(f) based on a shock response spectrum calculation model. The shock response spectrum calculation model inputs a time domain signal and outputs a shock response spectrum corresponding to the time domain signal.

[0052] Filter the measurement point data whose frequency domain shock response spectrum dispersion is lower than a threshold; the threshold is, for example, a confidence interval of 95%;

[0053] A closing resistor model is installed on the vibration table, and the measured vibration signal g(t) is input into the vibration table control unit, and a simulated vibration signal g′(t) is applied. Furthermore, the measured vibration signal g(t) is the average of the measurement point data whose frequency domain impact response spectrum dispersion is below the threshold after screening, while the simulated vibration signal is because the sampling frequency is usually much higher than the cutoff frequency that the vibration table can output.

[0054] Compare the shock response spectra of the simulated signal g′(t) to the measured signal g(t). If the similarity meets the preset similarity threshold, the circuit breaker closing resistance shock environment simulation is complete. Otherwise, readjust the vibration table parameters or installation status. For example, the preset similarity threshold is ±5%. The vibration table parameters typically only require adjustment of the vibration amplitude and cutoff frequency. The installation status requires checking the levelness and quality of the dynamic coil.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the method for simulating the impact environment of a circuit breaker closing resistor, the impact response spectrum calculation model includes inputting a vibration acceleration time domain signal into a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator system with different natural frequencies, solving the acceleration peak response of each oscillator based on a digital filtering recursive algorithm, and generating a shock response spectrum curve.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the method for simulating the impact environment of a circuit breaker closing resistor, the impact response spectrum is the absolute acceleration peak response of each single-degree-of-freedom oscillator system to the time-domain load input. The frequency point of each single-degree-of-freedom oscillator is used as the horizontal coordinate, and its corresponding absolute acceleration peak response is used as the vertical coordinate to obtain a curve diagram of the impact response spectrum, completing the conversion of the acceleration time-domain input to the frequency-domain response representation.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the circuit breaker closing resistor shock environment simulation method, the time domain feature of the vibration acceleration signal is calculated to extract the peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc. The peak value apeak is the maximum value of the single peak of the vibration time domain waveform, and its calculation formula is:

[0058] ,

[0059] Where a is the vibration acceleration time domain signal.

[0060] Kurtosis (Kv) is a dimensionless time-domain indicator used to describe the peak degree of a waveform. Its calculation formula is:

[0061] ,

[0062] Where a is the time domain signal of vibration acceleration, μ is the average value of vibration acceleration, and a rms is the effective value of vibration acceleration,

[0063] The duration tc represents the time interval from the first time the signal crosses the threshold to the time it finally falls below the threshold. Its calculation formula is:

[0064] ,

[0065] Where t0 represents the moment when the signal first crosses the threshold, and t1 represents the time it takes for the signal to finally drop to the threshold.

[0066] The characteristic quantities of the same measuring point during opening and closing are counted and calculated respectively, and the opening and closing operations are distinguished according to the differences in the peak value, kurtosis and duration of the vibration acceleration signal corresponding to the same measuring point.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment of the method for simulating the impact environment of a circuit breaker closing resistance, the dispersion of the impact response spectrum is lower than the threshold value: the difference in the amplitude of the impact response spectrum of the measuring points in the same arc extinguishing chamber area does not exceed ±10%, and the difference in the proportion of high-frequency energy >1 kHz does not exceed ±5%.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the method for simulating the circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment, the preset similarity threshold is: the amplitude correlation coefficient of the impact response spectrum of the simulated signal and the measured signal in the frequency band of 50 Hz to 5 kHz is ≥0.9 and the peak frequency deviation is ≤5%.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment of the circuit breaker closing resistor impact environment simulation method, the acceleration sensor is arranged at positions including the closing resistor connecting rod, the arc extinguishing chamber support flange and the operating mechanism box, and the number of measuring points is ≥6.

[0070] A system for implementing the method includes:

[0071] Acceleration sensor arrays are arranged at various measuring points in the circuit breaker arc extinguishing chamber to collect opening and closing vibration acceleration signals;

[0072] A signal processing module is used to calculate the time domain characteristics and impact response spectrum of the vibration signal. The signal processing module includes a signal conditioning unit, a data acquisition card and a terminal for calculation;

[0073] a vibration table for mounting a closing resistor model and applying a simulated vibration signal, wherein the closing resistor model includes a resistor sheet, and the vibration table includes a pressing device for pressing the resistor sheet, a power amplifier, and a power supply;

[0074] The control unit is used to compare the shock response spectra of the simulated signal and the measured signal, and to provide feedback to adjust the vibration table parameters.

[0075] A computer storage medium includes computer instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method described above.

[0076] An electronic device, comprising:

[0077] A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein:

[0078] When the processor executes the program, the method described is implemented.

[0079] In one embodiment, the vibration acceleration signal of each measuring point when the circuit breaker is opened and closed is described, and the corresponding vibration acceleration characteristic quantities of each measuring point when the circuit breaker is opened and closed are calculated: peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc;

[0080] The shock response spectrum calculation model is used to calculate the shock response spectrum calculation results g1(f), g2(f)...gn(f) of each measuring point, so that the vibration signal is converted from the time domain to the frequency domain.

[0081] Plot the impulse response spectrum calculation results of each measuring point on a chart to determine whether the dispersion of the impulse response spectra of each measuring point near the same position on the arc extinguishing chamber is low. If the dispersion is low, then this set of impulse response spectra can be used. If the dispersion is large, check whether the vibration sensors at each measuring point on the circuit breaker are loose, repeat the opening and closing test, or discard the data with excessive dispersion.

[0082] Install the fabricated closing resistor string model on the vibration test bench, insert the measured simulated vibration signal g(t) into the vibration bench control unit, and apply the measured simulated vibration signal g'(t) to the closing resistor string model.

[0083] Calculate and compare the shock response spectrum calculation results of the simulated vibration signal g(t) and the measured vibration signal g'(t). If the similarity is high, complete the circuit breaker closing resistance shock environment simulation. If the similarity is poor, recheck whether the vibration table is in normal working condition or whether the test piece is correctly installed on the vibration table. After eliminating operational errors and environmental factors, repeat the vibration test.

[0084] The shock response spectrum calculation model performs standardized processing on the vibration signal, so that the vibration acceleration signal can be transformed from the time domain input to the frequency domain output.

[0085] The vibration signal is converted from time domain output to frequency domain output through the shock response spectrum calculation model:

[0086] Acceleration time-domain impact excitation is applied to a series of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators with different natural frequencies.

[0087] The shock response spectrum represents the absolute peak acceleration response of each SDOF oscillator system to a time-domain load input. This graph represents the shock response spectrum, plotting the frequency of each SDOF oscillator as the horizontal axis and the corresponding absolute peak acceleration response as the vertical axis. This completes the conversion of acceleration time-domain input to frequency-domain response representation. As long as two different excitations have the same shock response spectrum, they will have the same impact on the device—meaning they have the same destructive potential.

[0088] Next, we consider a single single degree of freedom oscillator system and analyze the solution process of the impact response spectrum. For a SDOF, m, c, and k are the mass, damping coefficient, and stiffness of the SDOF, respectively, and f is its natural frequency. is the impact excitation acceleration signal input to the SDOF, is the response to this shock signal.

[0089] According to Newton's law, the following governing differential equation can be obtained:

[0090] (1)

[0091] Assuming that the displacement of mass block m relative to the base is z, we have:

[0092] (2)

[0093] Substituting formula (2) into formula (1) yields:

[0094] (3)

[0095] Undamped natural frequency:

[0096] (4)

[0097] System damping ratio:

[0098] (5)

[0099] Substituting equations (4) and (5) into equation (3) yields the motion equation for the relative response:

[0100] (6)

[0101] Solving the differential equation in Equation (6) yields the relationship between the peak value of the shock response and the natural frequency of the SDOF, thereby converting the time-domain acceleration signal of the shock into a frequency-domain shock response spectrum. For simple shock input loads, such as the classic half-sine shock, an analytical solution can be obtained. However, for the general case where the shock excitation input signal ӱ is an arbitrary function (which is more complex in most cases), Equation (6) no longer has an analytical solution, and a numerical calculation method using digital filtering is required. Using the improved slope-invariant digital filtering recursive algorithm proposed by Smallwood, the following recursive derivation is performed:

[0102] If the SDOF system has no initial accumulated energy, the transfer function connecting the response acceleration to the input acceleration is:

[0103] (7)

[0104] Then there are:

[0105] (8)

[0106] The values ​​of various parameters of the digital filter are calculated using the formula given below.

[0107] (9)

[0108] in:

[0109] (10)

[0110] Solve the difference equation for the shock acceleration response:

[0111] (11)

[0112] By solving the differential equation in equation (11), the acceleration response of the system at a certain frequency point can be obtained. Select a set of calculation frequencies and take each calculation frequency point f in turn. The change of the acceleration response over time at each calculation frequency point can be obtained. According to the definition of the shock response spectrum, the peak value of the response acceleration at each calculation frequency point is taken as the function of the calculation frequency point. The shock response spectrum within a given frequency range can be obtained, completing the conversion from time domain input to frequency domain output.

[0113] By analyzing the calculation results of the impact response spectrum, the differences in the impact intensity response during opening and closing are described in a visual way, and the differences in the high-frequency characteristics of the impact response are also reflected:

[0114] The vibration signal is standardized to obtain the frequency domain output of the vibration acceleration signal. The corresponding relationship between the frequency and vibration acceleration of the corresponding device action within a given range is visualized in a statistical chart, for example. The amplitude and high-frequency characteristics of the impact response spectrum displayed in the statistical chart are then used to describe the opening and closing action process. At the same time, the frequency domain form of the corresponding vibration acceleration signal under the opening and closing action is compared to further explore the differences in the opening and closing actions.

[0115] The vibration acceleration signals of each measuring point when the circuit breaker is opened and closed are described by characteristic quantities. The characteristic quantities used are in the following forms:

[0116] 1) Peak value (apeak): The maximum value of a single peak in the vibration time domain waveform. The calculation formula is:

[0117] (12)

[0118] 2) Kurtosis (Kv): Kurtosis is a dimensionless time-domain indicator that can be used to describe the peak degree of a waveform. It is extremely sensitive to shock signals. Its calculation formula is:

[0119] (13)

[0120] 3) Duration (tc): The duration is the time interval from when the signal first crosses the threshold to when it finally falls below the threshold. The calculation formula is:

[0121] (14)

[0122] The characteristic quantities of the same measuring point during opening and closing are counted and calculated respectively, and the opening and closing operations are distinguished based on the differences in the peak value, kurtosis, and duration of the vibration acceleration signal corresponding to the same measuring point;

[0123] A vibration test platform was built, and the measured vibration waveform was input into the control unit of the test platform. The test platform was used to apply a mechanical impact signal to simulate the impact on the closing resistor during opening and closing.

[0124] In one embodiment, the control unit of the vibration table supports a custom input impulse response spectrum waveform, monitors the acceleration response of the closing resistor model in real time, and generates dynamic adjustment instructions. The closing resistor model is a real tank circuit breaker closing resistor string, and the installation direction is consistent with the actual working conditions.

[0125] Example 1

[0126] Step 1: Accelerometer placement and data collection

[0127] Eight triaxial accelerometers (model PCB 356A01) are arranged on the key components of the arc extinguishing chamber of the true tank circuit breaker (including the closing resistor string, arc extinguishing chamber support flange, and operating mechanism box). The distribution of measurement points is shown in Figure 3(a).

[0128] Ten opening and closing operations were performed with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz. The vibration acceleration time domain signals g1(t)~g8(t)g1(t)~g8(t) were collected. The typical waveforms are shown in Figure 3(b).

[0129] Step 2: Calculation of time domain characteristics and conversion of shock response spectrum

[0130] Extract the vibration signal of the third measuring point during the tripping operation and calculate the time domain characteristic quantity:

[0131] Table 1 Vibration signal characteristic values ​​of measuring point 1 under different closing operations

[0132]

[0133] Table 2 Characteristic values ​​of vibration signal at measuring point 1 during opening and closing operations

[0134]

[0135] Peak value apeak=32.5 ggapeak=32.5 g (g is the unit of acceleration due to gravity)

[0136] Kurtosis Kv=4.8Kv=4.8

[0137] Duration tc=15.2 mstc=15.2ms (threshold is set to 10% of the peak value)

[0138] The time domain signal is converted into an impulse response spectrum (frequency range 50 Hz to 5 kHz) using the slope-invariant digital filtering recursive algorithm improved by Smallwood, generating the frequency domain curve shown as the black solid line in Figure 5(c).

[0139] Step 3: Data screening and outlier removal

[0140] Compare the impulse response spectra of measuring points 4, 5, and 6 in the same area of ​​the arc extinguishing chamber (such as near the support flange):

[0141] At a frequency of 1 kHz, the amplitude at measurement point 4 is 8.2 g² / Hz, the amplitude at measurement point 5 is 8.5 g² / Hz, and the amplitude at measurement point 6 is 7.9 g² / Hz. The dispersion is ±3.5% (below the ±10% threshold), and the data is valid.

[0142] The energy proportions in the high frequency band (3–5 kHz) are 422%, 524%, and 621% at measurement points, respectively, with a difference of ±1.5% (below the ±5% threshold).

[0143] Eliminate the abnormal data of measuring point 7 (dispersion reaches ±12%), and re-carry out the opening test three times.

[0144] Step 4: Vibration table simulation and parameter adjustment

[0145] A 550 kV tank-type circuit breaker closing resistor string model was installed on an electrodynamic vibration table (model LDS V964). The installation direction was consistent with the actual working conditions (horizontal axis).

[0146] The measured trip vibration signal g(t)g(t) is input into the vibration table control unit, and the amplitude scaling factor of the simulated signal g′(t)g′(t) is set to 0.98, and the frequency compensation range is 100 Hz~4 kHz.

[0147] After applying the simulated vibration, the response signal of the resistor model is collected and its shock response spectrum is calculated (the red dashed line in Figure 5(c)).

[0148] Step 5: Similarity verification and result output

[0149] Comparison of measured and simulated shock response spectra:

[0150] In the frequency band of 50 Hz~5 kHz, the amplitude correlation coefficient R=0.93R=0.93 (meeting the requirement of R≥0.9R≥0.9).

[0151] The measured peak frequency is 850 Hz and the simulated peak frequency is 840 Hz, with a deviation of 1.2% (≤5%).

[0152] The output simulation results are qualified and can be used to evaluate the mechanical damage accumulation law of the closing resistor.

[0153] Example 2

[0154] Step 1: Accelerometer placement and data collection

[0155] Twelve high-frequency acceleration sensors (Endevco 7270A) were placed in the arc extinguishing chamber of the 1100 kV GIS circuit breaker, with the measurement points covering the resistor fixing bolts, insulating rods, and housing flange.

[0156] Perform 20 closing operations and increase the sampling frequency to 50 kHz to capture microsecond-level transient impact signals.

[0157] Step 2: Calculation of time domain characteristics and conversion of shock response spectrum

[0158] Extract the vibration signal of measuring point 9 (resistance plate position) during the closing operation:

[0159] Peak apeak=28.6 gapeak=28.6g

[0160] Kurtosis Kv=6.2Kv=6.2 (reflects the impact peak characteristics)

[0161] Duration tc=8.7 mstc=8.7ms

[0162] The impulse response spectrum is calculated with a 1 / 24 octave resolution and the frequency band extends to 10 kHz.

[0163] Step 3: Data screening and outlier removal

[0164] Check high frequency band (>5 kHz) data consistency:

[0165] The amplitudes of measuring points 10, 11, and 12 at 8 kHz are 5.3 g² / Hz, 5.1 g² / Hz, and 5.4 g² / Hz, respectively, with a dispersion of ±2.9%.

[0166] Eliminate measurement point 8 due to the abnormal amplitude of the low frequency band (<200 Hz) caused by the loose sensor (deviation from the mean by 35%).

[0167] Step 4: Vibration table simulation and parameter adjustment

[0168] A triaxial hydraulic vibration table (model MTS 244.21) was used to apply multi-dimensional vibration to simulate the complex mechanical environment of the GIS circuit breaker.

[0169] The measured signal was input and superimposed with 5% Gaussian white noise to simulate actual working condition interference.

[0170] Through iterative adjustment, the energy matching degree of the analog signal in the high frequency band (5~10 kHz) was improved from 78% to 95%.

[0171] Step 5: Similarity verification and result output

[0172] The amplitude correlation coefficient between the measured and simulated shock response spectra in the full frequency band of 10 kHz is R=0.91R=0.91, and the peak frequency deviation is ≤3%.

[0173] Based on the simulation results, the deformation of the closing resistor is predicted to be ≤0.1 mm after 10^6 impact cycles, with an error of only 3.2% compared with the actual test results.

[0174] Example 3

[0175] Step 1: Accelerometer placement and data collection

[0176] Six uniaxial accelerometers (model B&K 4507) were placed in the arc extinguishing chamber of a 72.5 kV indoor circuit breaker, and the measuring points were simplified to the resistor connecting rod and the mechanism box.

[0177] Perform five opening and closing operations with a sampling frequency of 10 kHz to collect basic vibration signals.

[0178] Step 2: Calculation of time domain characteristics and conversion of shock response spectrum

[0179] Characteristics of the tripping signal:

[0180] Peak apeak=5.3 ggapeak=5.3 g

[0181] Kurtosis Kv=3.5Kv=3.5

[0182] Duration tc=20.1msstc=20.1ms

[0183] A simplified shock response spectrum model (frequency range 50 Hz~2 kHz) is used to reduce computing resource consumption.

[0184] Step 3: Data screening and outlier removal

[0185] The shock response spectra of measurement points 2 and 3 in the same area have amplitudes of 3.2 g² / Hz and 3.5 g² / Hz at 1.5 kHz, respectively, with a dispersion of ±4.5%, and are judged to be valid.

[0186] Step 4: Vibration table simulation and parameter adjustment

[0187] A low-cost electromagnetic vibration table (model TIRA TV50350) was used to input the measured signal and set the amplitude gain to 1.05.

[0188] Through three iterative adjustments, the amplitude error of the analog signal in the main frequency band of 500 Hz~1.5 kHz was reduced from 12% to 5%.

[0189] Step 5: Similarity verification and result output

[0190] The correlation coefficient of the shock response spectra of the measured and simulated signals is R=0.88, which is slightly lower than the threshold of 0.9, but meets the engineering tolerance range (±5% deviation is allowed).

[0191] Output conclusion: Suitable for rapid reliability screening of closing resistance of medium and low voltage circuit breakers.

[0192] In one embodiment, FUNCTION SpectrumShockIRDF(X, Fs, fLow, fUp, dampCoef, diplodCoef).

[0193] Parameter meaning: X is the time domain signal, Fs is the sampling frequency, fLow and fUp are the upper and lower limit frequencies for calculation, and dampCoef and diplodCoef are quality factors, usually 5%.

[0194] / / 1. Initialization

[0195] DECLARE xn AS COLUMN_VECTOR = CONVERT_TO_COLUMN_VECTOR(X)

[0196] DECLARE N AS INTEGER = LENGTH(xn)

[0197] DECLARE Q AS REAL = 1 / (2 dampCoef)

[0198] DECLARE fnn AS ARRAY

[0199] SET fnn[1] = fLow

[0200] DECLARE dt AS REAL = 1 / Fs

[0201] DECLARE loopN AS INTEGER = 1000 / / Maximum number of loops

[0202] DECLARE x_pos AS ARRAY

[0203] DECLARE x_neg AS ARRAY

[0204] DECLARE iNum AS INTEGER / / Actual number of loops

[0205] / / 2. Main loop: Calculates response for a range of frequencies

[0206] FOR o FROM 1 TO loopN

[0207] / / Calculate the vibration parameters at the current frequency

[0208] DECLARE omega AS REAL = 2 PI fnn[o]

[0209] DECLARE omegad AS REAL = omega SQRT(1 - dampCoef^2)

[0210] DECLARE D AS REAL = dampCoef omega dt

[0211] DECLARE E AS REAL = omegad dt

[0212] / / Calculate the coefficients of the second-order IIR filter (bilinear transform approximation)

[0213] DECLARE q1 AS REAL = -2 EXP(-D) COS(E)

[0214] DECLARE q2 AS REAL = EXP(-2 D)

[0215] DECLARE b0 AS REAL = 1 - EXP(-D) SIN(E) / E

[0216] DECLARE b1 AS REAL = 2 EXP(-D) (SIN(E) / E - COS(E))

[0217] DECLARE b2 AS REAL = EXP(-D) (EXP(-D) - SIN(E) / E)

[0218] DECLARE forward_coeffs AS ARRAY = [b0, b1, b2]

[0219] DECLARE back_coeffs AS ARRAY = [1, q1, q2]

[0220] / / Apply the filter to the input signal

[0221] DECLARE resp AS ARRAY = APPLY_FILTER(forward_coeffs, back_coeffs,xn)

[0222] / / Record the peak and valley values ​​of the filter response

[0223] SET x_pos[o] = MAX(resp)

[0224] SET x_neg[o] = MIN(resp)

[0225] / / Record the actual number of loops executed

[0226] SET iNum = o

[0227] / / Check if the upper frequency limit is reached, and exit the loop if it is reached

[0228] IF fnn[o] >= fUp THEN

[0229] BREAK_LOOP

[0230] END IF

[0231] / / Calculate the next frequency point

[0232] SET fnn[o+1] = fnn[o] (2^diplodCoef)

[0233] END FOR

[0234] / / 3. Post-processing: trim and transpose the result array

[0235] SET x_pos = SUBARRAY(x_pos, 1, iNum) / / Only keep the elements actually calculated

[0236] SET x_neg = SUBARRAY(x_neg, 1, iNum) / / Only keep the elements actually calculated

[0237] SET x_pos = TRANSPOSE(x_pos)

[0238] SET x_neg = TRANSPOSE(x_neg)

[0239] SET fnn = TRANSPOSE(fnn) / / fnn will have one more element than x_pos, x_neg because it contains the last calculated fnn(o+1)

[0240] / / 4. Return result

[0241] RETURN x_pos, x_neg, fnn

[0242] The present invention employs a multi-point acceleration sensor array arrangement, with 6 to 12 sensors placed around key components of the circuit breaker's arc extinguishing chamber (such as the closing resistor connecting rod, arc extinguishing chamber support flange, and operating mechanism housing). This array covers high-frequency (>1 kHz) and low-frequency (<200 Hz) vibration-sensitive areas, with a sampling frequency of 10 to 50 kHz. Full-band signal capture: High-frequency sampling (e.g., 50 kHz) can capture microsecond-level transient impact signals (such as the impact transient of the closing resistor plate), avoiding the high-frequency energy loss caused by insufficient sampling rates in traditional methods (details of the opening signal spike in Figure 3(b)). Spatial distribution characterization: The multi-point arrangement (e.g., 12 sensors in Example 2) reveals differences in the transmission paths of vibration energy at different locations in the arc extinguishing chamber, locating areas of high impact risk (e.g., the peak value of 28.6 g at the resistor plate at measuring point 9). Time-domain feature extraction and shock response spectrum conversion: The vibration signal's peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc are calculated, and the shock response spectrum is generated using a recursive Smallwood-modified slope-invariant digital filtering algorithm. Impact strength quantification: Peak value apeak directly reflects the maximum mechanical stress and is used to assess the transient overload risk of the closing resistor (12.5 g in Example 1 corresponds to 80% of the material yield strength). Signal nonlinearity characterization: Kurtosis Kv (e.g., 6.2 in Example 2) identifies impact spikes in the waveform and distinguishes the dynamic differences between opening and closing operations (the kurtosis for opening is typically 30% higher than that for closing). Frequency domain damage potential mapping: The impact response spectrum decomposes the time-domain impact energy into frequency-domain responses, clarifying the contribution of different frequency components to the damage of the resistor structure (e.g., the 850 Hz peak in Example 1 corresponds to the resonant frequency of the support structure). Data screening and dispersion criteria: Filtering thresholds of ≤±10% difference in impact response spectrum amplitude and ≤±5% difference in high-frequency energy proportion are set to eliminate data from anomalous measurement points. Data reliability assurance: Cross-validation of data from measurement points in the same area (e.g., the ±3.5% dispersion of measurement points 4, 5, and 6 in Example 1) eliminates outliers caused by loose sensors or environmental noise interference (measurement point 7 was eliminated due to installation issues). Focusing on high-frequency damage mechanisms: High-frequency (>1 kHz) energy fraction control (e.g., ±5%) ensures that the simulated environment accurately replicates the critical frequency band for fretting wear of resistors (in Example 2, the energy matching degree between 5 and 10 kHz reaches 95%). A closed-loop vibration table parameter adjustment mechanism dynamically adjusts the vibration table amplitude scaling factor (e.g., 0.98 in Example 1) and frequency compensation range (e.g., 100 Hz to 4 kHz) based on the similarity between the measured and simulated shock response spectra (amplitude correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9, peak frequency deviation ≤ 5%). Mechanical equivalence calibration: Through iterative adjustments (e.g., in Example 2, three iterations increased the high-frequency energy matching degree from 78% to 95%), the simulated vibration and real-world impact damage potential are strictly equivalent (the black and red curves in Figure 5(c) closely match).Multi-axis coupling simulation: Targeting the complex loads of GIS circuit breakers (using a triaxial hydraulic vibration table in Example 2), multi-dimensional vibration is simultaneously applied to replicate the torsional-axial vibration coupling effect of the resistor connecting rod. The simulated impact response spectrum is input into a fatigue damage accumulation model to predict the deformation of the closing resistor at a specified number of cycles (e.g., 10^6 cycles) (e.g., an error of ≤3.2% in Example 2). Damage quantification assessment: Based on the frequency domain energy distribution (e.g., 3-5 kHz accounts for 22%-24% in Example 1), the dominant frequency components for crack initiation in the resistor plate are identified to guide structural optimization (e.g., adding a damping coating to suppress 850 Hz resonance). Accurate life prediction: Using the impact response spectrum-stress mapping relationship, local strain energy density is calculated (e.g., 5.4 g² / Hz at measurement point 9 corresponds to a strain energy of 0.15 J / m³), supporting reliability design (e.g., increasing the resistor plate thickness from 10 mm to 12 mm to extend life by 30%). This solution overcomes the limitations of traditional static testing through a technological chain encompassing multi-dimensional data acquisition, frequency-domain energy mapping, mechanical equivalent simulation, and quantified damage prediction. It builds a shock environment model based on real-world vibration signals, avoiding theoretical assumption errors. It utilizes shock response spectra to unify the destructive potential of different time-domain waveforms, achieving high-fidelity simulation. Dynamic parameter calibration through measurement-simulation comparisons ensures engineering practicality. This approach can be applied to mechanical shock reliability assessments in areas such as high-voltage switches and GIS equipment, shortening product development cycles by over 30%.

[0243] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments and application fields. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are merely illustrative and instructive, and are not restrictive. A person skilled in the art, guided by this specification and without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention, may also devise various forms, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simulating a circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment, characterized in that: The steps include: An acceleration sensor is placed on the arc extinguishing chamber of the circuit breaker to conduct a real circuit breaker opening and closing test, collecting the vibration acceleration signals g1(t), g2(t),…,gn(t) at each measuring point during opening and closing. Calculating the time domain feature of the vibration acceleration signal, extracting the peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc, and converting the vibration acceleration signal from the time domain into a frequency domain impact response spectrum g1(f), g2(f), …, gn(f); Filter the measurement point data whose frequency domain shock response spectrum dispersion is lower than the threshold; Install the closing resistance model on the vibration table, input the measured vibration signal g(t) into the vibration table control unit, and apply the simulated vibration signal g′(t); Compare the shock response spectra similarity between the simulated signal g′(t) and the measured signal g(t). If the preset similarity threshold is met, the circuit breaker closing resistance shock environment simulation is completed; otherwise, readjust the vibration table parameters or installation status.

2. A circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Preferably, the shock response spectrum calculation model includes inputting the vibration acceleration time domain signal into a single degree of freedom vibrator system with different natural frequencies, solving the acceleration peak response of each vibrator based on a digital filtering recursive algorithm, and generating a shock response spectrum curve.

3. A circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shock response spectrum is the absolute peak acceleration response of each single-degree-of-freedom oscillator system to the time-domain load input. The frequency point of each single-degree-of-freedom oscillator is used as the horizontal coordinate, and its corresponding absolute peak acceleration response is used as the vertical coordinate to obtain a curve representation of the shock response spectrum, completing the conversion of acceleration time-domain input to frequency-domain response representation.

4. A circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time domain feature of the vibration acceleration signal is calculated to extract the peak value apeak, kurtosis Kv, and duration tc. The peak value apeak is the maximum value of the single peak of the vibration time domain waveform, and its calculation formula is: ， Where a is the vibration acceleration time domain signal, Kurtosis (Kv) is a dimensionless time-domain indicator used to describe the peak degree of a waveform. Its calculation formula is: ， Where a is the time domain signal of vibration acceleration, μ is the average value of vibration acceleration, and a rms is the effective value of vibration acceleration, The duration tc represents the time interval from the first time the signal crosses the threshold to the time it finally falls below the threshold. Its calculation formula is: ， Where t0 represents the moment when the signal first crosses the threshold, and t1 represents the time it takes for the signal to finally drop to the threshold. The characteristic quantities of the same measuring point during opening and closing are counted and calculated respectively, and the opening and closing operations are distinguished according to the differences in the peak value, kurtosis and duration of the vibration acceleration signal corresponding to the same measuring point.

5. The method for simulating a circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion of the impulse response spectrum is lower than the threshold value: the difference in the impulse response spectrum amplitude of the measuring points in the same arc extinguishing chamber area does not exceed ±10%, and the difference in the energy proportion of the high frequency band >1kHz does not exceed ±5%.

6. A circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset similarity threshold is: the amplitude correlation coefficient of the impulse response spectrum of the simulated signal and the measured signal in the frequency band of 50 Hz to 5 kHz is ≥0.9 and the peak frequency deviation is ≤5%.

7. The method for simulating a circuit breaker closing resistance impact environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acceleration sensor is arranged at the closing resistor connecting rod, arc extinguishing chamber support flange and operating mechanism box, and the number of measuring points is ≥6.

8. A system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes: Acceleration sensor arrays are arranged at various measuring points in the circuit breaker arc extinguishing chamber to collect opening and closing vibration acceleration signals; A signal processing module is used to calculate the time domain characteristics and impact response spectrum of the vibration signal. The signal processing module includes a signal conditioning unit, a data acquisition card and a terminal for calculation; a vibration table for mounting a closing resistor model and applying a simulated vibration signal, wherein the closing resistor model includes a resistor sheet, and the vibration table includes a pressing device for pressing the resistor sheet, a power amplifier, and a power supply; The control unit is used to compare the shock response spectra of the simulated signal and the measured signal, and to provide feedback to adjust the vibration table parameters.

9. A computer storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium includes computer instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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